Though as a transition word

Many students today have to deal with writing complex and time-consuming essays. These include topics where two different viewpoints have to be introduced and debated. For more professional essay help like this and plenty of other writing resources related to the use of transition words for compare and contrast essays.

So what do we mean by compare and contrast transition words? Before we delve into these two terms, let’s take a look at what a ‘transition word’ is. Simply put, transition words describe the relationship between two ideas; they are words for similarities and differences. If we were to dissect their purposes to a more nuanced degree, they can:

• Show vague or strong similarities between one concept and another

• Show a correlation between one concept and another

• Show a causal relationship between one concept and the other

• Show the opposing natures of one concept and another

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What Are Comparison Transition Words?

As the name clearly implies, they are transition words that establish a comparison or a contrast between one thing and another. These are very useful and quite widely used in any form of writing. The overall effect that comparing expressions and contrast expressions produce is that they make your essays flow much better. By using them, you’ll ensure that each and every point you introduce in the piece has a context in relation to each other. It may seem a little confusing to some, so if you don’t want to go into detail, you can buy essays online and not worry about your grades.

Compare And Contrast Transition Words: Defined And Explained

Comparison Words

What are some ‘similarity transition words or transition words’ for explaining what two things have in common? Here are a few comparison transition words examples:

• In the same way
• In like manner
• Likewise
• Similarly
• By the same token

Hence, for example, if you were describing the likeness between the speeds of two different subspecies of lions, you could word it like so: ‘subspecies A can reach speeds up to 40 mph. Similarly, subspecies B can achieve a maximum of 35 mph.

Could ‘in addition’ transitions fit into the domain of comparative phrases as well?

The answer is ‘yes’. These can often be used to link multiple traits or features to one entity. For instance, if you want to discuss the multiple benefits of exercise but don’t want your sentences to be too lengthy. You could use compare transition words like ‘in addition’ and ‘furthermore’, to list more benefits in a new sentence. Here are a few examples of these comparison transition signal in use:

• ‘Keeping your tires properly inflated can help prevent random blowouts on the road. In addition, it will also mean that you don’t have to spend money as often to replace them. ‘
• ‘Having a morning cup of coffee will give you the energy you need to start off the day. Furthermore, it will make sure that you don’t get grumpy as the day progresses.’
• ‘Learning to play instruments as a family will help you become much closer with each other. On top of that, you’ll have a really great time.’

Contrast Words

What is comparison transition signal and whatever would we do without transitions signifying contrast? There would be no way for us to articulate our polar, different and conflicting ideas and thereby debates could not exist. Hence, contrast words are very important to any essay.

Let’s take a look at some different ‘categories’ of these contrasting words:

What are some ‘opposite’ transition words or phrases?

• In contrast
• Conversely
• At the other end of the spectrum

What are some ‘difference’ transition words or phrases?

• Dissimilarly
• A clear difference

What are some ‘conflict’ transition words or phrases?

• However
• Nevertheless
• On the one hand
• On the other hand

Transition words for compare and contrast essays are an important element for academic essay writers to include in their writing. They help connect ideas and points in a compare and contrast essay, and make the argument or point more easily understood. Transition words for compare and contrast essays can help make an essay more effective and structured. They can link ideas and facts, create emphasis, and help to organize information.

Universal Transition words for compare and contrast essays

Not everything is black and white in terms of which words fit into which category of transition words. There are, in fact, grey areas where words can be used to both compare and contrast depending on the context. Let’s take a look at these grey areas.

Signal words for compare and contrast – what are they?

These are general words that fall under both contrast and comparative phrases. For example:

• At the same time
• On the other hand
• On the same token
• While

What are summary transition words and phrases?

These are words that can be both contrast and comparative terms, which can help tie many points together during a wrap-up. These include:

• All things considered
• To summarize
• In short
• To sum up
• All in all

Comparison And Contrast Example Sentences

One of the best ways to learn about something is to see how it is applied. Hence, we’ve compiled a large list of comparison and contrast phrases in action.

Comparison

Here’s how these transition phrases are applied:

• Regular cardio exercise does wonder for your overall heart health. Likewise, it contributes to the betterment of your mental health.
• Listening to your spouse and adjusting your behavior to address his/her concerns can do wonders for your marriage. In the same way, arranging spontaneous fun dates can certainly throw more excitement into things.
• Both Leonardo Da Vinci and Francisco Goya were both renowned painters in their respective eras. Similarly, Hieronymus Bosch was an accomplished painter whose works are still revered today.
• Followers of Islam believe that there is only one God in existence. In like manner, Christianity is also a monotheistic religion.
• Be careful not to harm yourself while roofing your own house. Moreover, take measures to keep tools from falling down and accidentally injuring passersby.
• The average life expectancy is greater than it was ten years ago. Furthermore, studies have shown that people are also happier now.
• I don’t think I’ll ever quit eating ice cream. Besides, I exercise daily and take great care of my teeth.
• Make sure you make a habit of keeping an eye on the fluid levels of your car. That, coupled with regular inspection of your tires, should ensure that your vehicle remains healthy for a long while.
• The number of college-educated people is on the rise as well as the number of women in the STEM fields.

Contrast

Let’s take a look at a few examples of how contrast transition words are used in essays:

• People who play basketball are generally quite tall. In contrast, gymnasts and jockeys are typically short.
• India is an undeniably beautiful country with a rich heritage and vibrant culture. Nevertheless, the country’s reputation has been tarnished over the years due to its rampant corruption problems.
• On the one hand, a career in the military earns one a lot of respect from everyone. On the other hand, soldiers tend to experience severe depression fairly commonly.
• People of the Christian faith strongly believe in the afterlife while Hindus and Buddhists preach the concept of reincarnation and nirvana.
• Both vegans and vegetarians avoid the consumption of meat. However, the former also avoids all animal products in all instances.
• Bohemian Rhapsody received largely negative reviews from critics when it was released. At the same time, it helped propel them into stardom.
• Everyone expects life to go smoothly all the time. In truth, it is filled with constant ups and downs.
• Feminism is on the rise now but so is resistance to it.

Using transition words in your paper can elevate your writing to a whole new level since these words do not only make your writing more professional but also strengthen the connections between the ideas and concepts you describe. Using transitions wisely, though, is where the difference between a good and a great writer is, so let’s find out more about those.

As you can see from the name, these words indicate either similarity or contradiction between different concepts or ideas you describe. You can click here, to find more about those and the proper ways to use them or use some help with essay writing. You are free to choose any of those as long as they fit the context. 

• Comparison

Those are fairly simple, and you can put them in between ideas that either entail one another or do not contradict directly. These are:

• Likewise
• Similarly
• Consequently
• In the same manner

You can use those whenever you feel like a continuation of your ideas is in order.

• Contrasting

In contrast to the comparison transitions, these are meant to draw the line between the ideas you describe and show your reader that right now you are about to talk about something entirely different in nature:

• In contrast
• However
• Nonetheless

These and other similar words can make it easier for you to define the difference between the ideas you describe.

• Wrap Up

Using transition words requires some finesse because you should never stuff your essays too much with those. Use them wisely and only where they are necessary and your writing will get to a whole new level.

Thanks for your feedback!

Dr. Karlyna PhD

I am a proficient writer from the United States with over five years of experience in academic writing. I comfortably complete given assignments within stipulated deadlines and at the same time deliver high-quality work, which follows the guidelines provided.

Transitional Words and Phrases
Updated lists by Joanna Taraba
(printable version here)

This page only provides a list of transitional words; be certain you understand their meanings before you use them. Often, there exists a slight, but significant, difference between two apparently similar words. Also remember that while transitions describe relationships between ideas, they do not automatically create relationships between ideas for your reader. Use transitions with enough context in a sentence or paragraph to make the relationships clear.

Example of unclear transition:

The characters in Book A face a moral dilemma. In the same way, the characters in Book B face a similar problem.

Improved transition:

The characters in Book A face a moral dilemma, a contested inheritance. Although the inheritance in Book B consists of an old house and not a pile of money, the nature of the problem is quite similar.

Examples of Transitions:

Illustration

Thus, for example, for instance, namely, to illustrate, in other words, in particular, specifically, such as.

Contrast

On the contrary, contrarily, notwithstanding, but, however, nevertheless, in spite of, in contrast, yet, on one hand, on the other hand, rather, or, nor, conversely, at the same time, while this may be true.

Addition

And, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides, than, too, also, both-and, another, equally important, first, second, etc., again, further, last, finally, not only-but also, as well as, in the second place, next, likewise, similarly, in fact, as a result, consequently, in the same way, for example, for instance, however, thus, therefore, otherwise.

Time

After, afterward, before, then, once, next, last, at last, at length, first, second, etc., at first, formerly, rarely, usually, another, finally, soon, meanwhile, at the same time, for a minute, hour, day, etc., during the morning, day, week, etc., most important, later, ordinarily, to begin with, afterwards, generally, in order to, subsequently, previously, in the meantime, immediately, eventually, concurrently, simultaneously.

Space

At the left, at the right, in the center, on the side, along the edge, on top, below, beneath, under, around, above, over, straight ahead, at the top, at the bottom, surrounding, opposite, at the rear, at the front, in front of, beside, behind, next to, nearby, in the distance, beyond, in the forefront, in the foreground, within sight, out of sight, across, under, nearer, adjacent, in the background.

Concession

Although, at any rate, at least, still, thought, even though, granted that, while it may be true, in spite of, of course.

Similarity or Comparison

Similarly, likewise, in like fashion, in like manner, analogous to.

Emphasis

Above all, indeed, truly, of course, certainly, surely, in fact, really, in truth, again, besides, also, furthermore, in addition.

Details

Specifically, especially, in particular, to explain, to list, to enumerate, in detail, namely, including.

Examples

For example, for instance, to illustrate, thus, in other words, as an illustration, in particular.

Consequence or Result

So that, with the result that, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, for this reason, therefore, so, because, since, due to, as a result, in other words, then.

Summary

Therefore, finally, consequently, thus, in short, in conclusion, in brief, as a result, accordingly.

Suggestion

For this purpose, to this end, with this in mind, with this purpose in mind, therefore.

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Author: Michael L

Date: Oct 3, 2019 | Grammar

Transition words and phrases are an important part of the English language. They are used to connect words and sentences, often by referring back to one idea and signaling the introduction of a new one. Transition words can also help a passage of writing flow better, although it is best not to overuse them.

Consider the example:

• James did not go to the movies. He visited his grandparents instead.

The transition word in the above example is instead. It links the two sentences together by referring back to the first sentence and signaling that an alternative idea has been introduced.

Consider the example without the transition word:

• James did not go to the movies. He visited his grandparents.

The lack of a link between the two sentences leaves things a bit vague. We do not explicitly know that the two sentences are related, whereas the previous example shows that James visited his grandparents as an alternative to going to the movies.

There are 100s of transition words and phrases in English. Indeed, because of the evolution of language over time, new transition phrases can appear all the time. Often transition words are conjunctive adverbs – words like however, also, indeed, instead, still, therefore – or phrases containing conjunctive adverbs, conjunctions and adverbs. The point is that transition words cover a wide variety of language, but it’s more important to recognize their function rather than categorize them.

When to Use Transition Words?

Fundamentally, we use transition words to connect sentences and words together. They often refer back to the previous sentence or words within a sentence, and let the reader know that there is some related or new information on its way. There are different types of transition words and phrases, and not all of them have this simplistic explanation for their use.

Consider the passage below, and notice the highlighted transition words and phrases:

I do not like dairy products very much, particularly cheese. However, I make an exception for ice cream, especially chocolate ice cream. Indeed, ice cream is probably my favorite thing to eat. Admittedly, I am also aware that ice cream is very fattening, not to mention full of sugar. In other words, ice cream isn’t very healthy. Nevertheless, life is too short to worry about these things. With this in mind, I will continue to eat ice cream every day. I may end up overweight, of course. On balance, this is a price I am willing to pay for delicious – especially chocolate – ice cream.

Can you see how the transition words and phrases stitch the fabric of the passage together? They act as signals by referring to the previous sentence and introducing new ideas in the next, or by referring back to previous information in the same sentence and changing the emphasis of it. Normally, transition words and phrases help a passage of writing flow better, but it’s also recommended not to use too many transition words, as it can make the writing a bit confusing or heavy. As an example, the passage above arguably uses too many transitional words and phrases from a stylistic standpoint and would be easier to read with fewer transtions.

Types of Transition Words

As we mentioned, transition words are normally used to link words and sentences by referring back to one idea and introducing a new one. However, transition words do this in a variety of ways. With that in mind, let’s break down the different types of transition words into categories based on the way they link words together.

Here are some of the main ways transition words are used:

To introduce a new idea or opposite point of view:

• But, while, conversely, however, nevertheless, yet, instead, nonetheless, although, though, even though, incidentally.
  • I went to his house hoping to find him; yet, he was not there.
  • They told her they weren’t happy with her designs, but she nevertheless resolved to go on.

To introduce a conclusion:

• Finally, so, as, therefore, thus, consequently, in conclusion, since, as such, finally, subsequently.
  • Finally, the choir began singing.
  • Since that is the case, we have no choice but to resign.

To introduce a list or point out a sequence of events:

• First, second, third, firstly, secondly, first of all, last of all, finally, lastly, after that, until, including, next.
  • We go to Paris this Sunday. After that, Rome.
  • First of all, let me tell you what happened. Then you can decide.

To admit a concession:

• Of course, admittedly, even so, naturally, alas.
  • There is another way to do it, of course.
  • Admittedly, it was my biggest mistake.

To add emphasis or additions.

• Likewise, in addition, furthermore, also, additionally, moreover, indeed, namely, in fact, for the most part, as a matter of fact.
  • David, Benjamin and Ellie laughed. Indeed, even Daniel found it funny.
  • For the most part, the kids in the classroom kept quiet.

To introduce clauses and conditions:

• On the condition that, in light of, in order to, provided that, whenever, while, as long as.
  • You can go, as long as you are back by midnight.
  • Whenever you return, lock the door after you.

The above just shows a small selection of different transition words and phrases, but there are many more words and phrases used in this way. It can also be somewhat confusing, because sometimes the words on the list above can be used in a sentence without it being a transition word.

Consider these two sentences:

• Despite nerves, Donna came first in the race. (First is not a transition word in this sentence.)
• To win a race, first you must believe you can win.  (First is a transition word in this sentence.)

Examples of Transition Words

Below are some more examples of transition words in sentences:

• The Queen is the UK’s Head of State. Additionally, she is also the Head of State for Australia.
• We were hungry. However, because the kitchen was already closed, we didn’t eat until morning.
• One doesn’t need to attend college. There are, in fact, many ways to obtain knowledge.
• She was very tired. Indeed, she hadn’t slept for weeks.
• In light of recent weather events, the show will be cancelled.
• Finally, the car came to a skidding halt.
• You should go to the conference. Likewise, Bill and Caren should go too.
• It’s obvious you don’t want me here. As a result, I have decided I will leave tomorrow.
• We are German citizens. But we are also citizens of Europe.
• He lowered his voice, as if to underline the seriousness of the matter.
• Monkeys groom each other in order to build relationships.
• Michael and Sarah are here. I was chatting with them earlier, as a matter of fact.

Why are Transition Words Important?

Without transition words and phrases, language would be somewhat stiff. They sew words and sentences together, helping them flow better by acting as a link to what was previously stated in the passage. Yet, they are more than that, they act as signals in writing to show shifts in ideas, tone and emphasis, and introduce conclusions, sequences and contradictions.

The key to understanding them lies in the name itself: Transition words. Transition means change, and these words indicate that there has been a change or that a change is forthcoming. This change could be subtle, like a shift in emphasis, or more obvious, like the offering of a contrary idea or conclusion, but transition words, nevertheless, act as a signal for that change. In the end, this is important because it gets to the root of how we understand language, as these transition words act like bridges through words, sentences and meaning.

The English language is a vast and diverse landscape of words, phrases, and nuances.

One area that can often trip up writers is transition words in writing.

Discover how to use the most common transition, connective, and linking words: and, but, and however, and many others.

Writing Skills

English Transition Words, Connective Words, Linking Words

Transition/Linking words are helpful in essays because they help make sentences cohesive.

They connect ideas and concepts to help your writing flow better.

The most common transition word is «and» to link two phrases or sentences together.

• «Amy picked up her books and headed out the door for school.

• «Sam hitched his backpack higher on his shoulder and hurried after Amy.»

In the first example, Amy picked up her books + she headed out the door

(she did 2 actions)

In the second example, Tom hitched his backpack + he hurried after Amy

(he did 2 actions)

Thers is more than one category of transitional words based on their purpose.

For example:

Addition

Words such as also, furthermore, and besides.

These words add more information to what you already said/wrote.

For example, you mentioned

«Sam loves green food»

and want to add some more information about what Sam likes

«Sam likes blueberries»)

Using a linking word(s) helps the reader understand there is another fact about Sam.

In this case, the second fact (likes blueberries) contrasts with the first fact (loves green food) because blueberries are not a green food.

You can write a sentence like this:

«Sam loves green foood but also likes blueberries.»

In this sentence, but indicates contrast, and also indicates an additional fact (about Sam).

Contrast

Words such as whereas, while, on one hand, and on the other hand.

These words help organize paragraphs and essays by contrasting ideas between each other.

Cause and Effect

Words such as so, because, since, for, therefore.

These show a cause or effect relationship within sentences.

For example, «Sam has been working all day long, so he will probably go home early.»

In this sentence, Sam goes home early because he worked all day (he is tired!).

This is an example of a cause and effect linkage in writing.

Comparison/Reference

Words like similarly, likewise, also known as correlative conjunctions tie (connect) two similar items together into one thought process to help organize paragraphs in essay writing.

Opinion

Linking words/phrases that show opinion include words like In my opinion, I believe, and From my perspective.

Conclusion

Conclusion transition words and phrases at the end of a paragraph, final analysis, or essay show closure between topics.

They include words like in conclusion, finally, and eventually, which all help express the idea of closure in the writing process.

Time

Linking words that indicate time:

• before

• after

• since

Use these when giving information about chronological order, as they help the reader understand how one event occurred before/after another.

Purpose/Reason

These linking words (transitional conjunctions) link reasons to events by showing cause and effect relationships, including because, for example, and so that while also indicating purposeful action when writing your essay or other content.

Linking Words Examples

What are linking words?

Answer:

The words that connect sentences are called linking words.

These can be difficult to remember, but there are a few to help you get started.

They include:

• therefore
• in addition
• finally
• even though
• also

When you use these words to begin a sentence, make sure to put a comma after them.

You can use many linking words within sentences to add variety to your writing.

How do you use as a result in a sentence?

Answer:

Sam crashed his car. As a result, the car needed to be repaired.

Our new fire alarm alerts us before there’s time for sparks or flames to spread. As a result, we don’t need to worry about a fire starting anymore.

How to use despite in a sentence?

Answer:

Despite the rain, people still walked to work.

We laughed despite it being awkward.

It was too expensive, but he bought it despite his budget.

Despite my fear of heights, I climbed to the top of Mount Everest in 2021.

How to use apart from in a sentence?

Answer:

«Apart from my cat, I don’t like animals.»

The speaker doesn’t like any other animals — only their pet cat.

Apart from can mean excluding. It is often used with this meaning these days.

Here are some more examples:

«How was your holiday?» «Apart from the terrible food, I enjoyed myself.»

Apart from can also mean: as well as, in addition to

«Apart from winning another gold medal, he wants to break the current world record before retiring as an athlete.»

How to use but for in a sentence

Answer:

Use when you are trying to show that something would not have occurred if not for another thing.

But for the cold, Tom would have fit right in.

But for the severe weather, Tom would have felt very comfortable.

«I would love to ski today but for my fall yesterday when I injured myself.»

But for can also be used in sentences where it essentially means if it were not for.

«But for the lack of time, I would stay longer.

«If it were not for the lack of time, I would stay longer.

how to use even though in a sentence

Answer:

Meaning: despite the fact that

«Even though he was an old man, He enjoyed the beautiful sunset with his cat.»

«I love you even though I cannot always show it.»

«Listening to your inner spirit is more important than material wealth, even though having both is preferable.»

Even though it was very expensive, I bought it because I wanted it so much!

What is the difference between though and although in a sentence?

Answer:

Though is an adverb (meaning nevertheless or however ) often used in negative sentences/phrasess.

It means that something happened despite opposition or disappointment.

Use it to state contrast with an expected outcome:

Though he was rich, he did not spend much money.

Although is a conjunction, or linking word (meaning in spite of the fact that (wordy) or even though).

Although he didn’t want her there, she came anyway.

In spite of the fact that he didn’t want her there, she came anyway.

Even though he didn’t want her there, she came anyway.

You can interchange although and though in most cases.

In writing, although is more traditional — but people use both although and though in academic and formal writing — it is okay.

What are connective words for essay writing in English?

Answer:

Connective words for essays are important for essay writing because they help to organize and connect ideas. Some common connective words include:

• First of all
• Secondly
• Additionally
• In addition
• Moreover
• Finally
• To conclude

FAQ

What are transition words?

Transition words are connecting or linking words in writing that connect one idea to another. They help the reader understand how the ideas in a text are connected and related to each other.

How can I use transition words in my writing?

There are many different ways to use linking words; essay writing, for example, uses them to connect ideas in a logical way. In fiction writing, they can be used to connect scenes or events.

Do I need to learn all the transition words and phrases used in academic writing?

No, not all of them. But you should learn the most common transitional words and phrases used in writing. Many transition words are not specifically for academic writing. However, some common transition words include «however,» «therefore,» and «thus,» can be used in academic writing essays.

Transition words and phrases help connect ideas and make your writing flow smoothly. Without them, your writing would sound choppy and abrupt.

Learning various transition words and phrases will help you improve your writing skills and become a better communicator overall.

Is a transitional word the same as a connective?

A connective is a word that connects two clauses or two sentences. A transitional word is a word that indicates the relationship between two ideas in a text.

Which transition word/phrase should I use to indicate a contrasting view to a previous argument?

Examples:

• However, despite this evidence, some people still believe that video games are harmful. On the other hand, there are those who argue that video games can actually be beneficial.

• While it is true that video games might have some negative effects, there are also positive outcomes associated with playing them

• In contrast to what has been argued, there are also many benefits of playing video games.

Which transition word/phrase should I use to indicate a supporting view to a previous argument?

There are a few different transition words and phrases that can be used to indicate a supporting view to a previous statement, such as «furthermore,» «additionally,» «in addition,» or » moreover.»

More transition words that indicate support: In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, Besides

How do I use sequential transitions, words like «first,» «second,»…?

First, second, third, fourth, fifth… These are all words that can be used to signal transitions in your writing. By using these words (or others like them), you can create a clear and easy-to-follow structure for your reader. In addition, using sequential transition words and phrases can also help to make your writing more concise.

Here are some tips for using sequential transitions in your writing:

Use them to signal the order of events. When you are recounting a series of events, transitions can help to indicate the order in which they occurred.

For example, if you were describing a process, you might use the following sequence of transitional words and phrases: first, next, then, finally.

Use them to signal time. Transitions can also be used to signal when something happened.

For example, if you were writing about a family vacation, you might use the following sequence of transitional words and phrases: last summer, this past weekend, a few months ago, yesterday.

Which transition words are best for SEO writing?

The best transition words SEO writers use vary depending on the content and the audience. However, some general tips that may be useful include using transitions that are common and easily understood by readers, as well as those that help to create a logical flow between ideas.

Top transition words used in SEO writing:

• Clearly: used to introduce a point that is obvious
• Specifically: used to provide exact details
• Actually: used to introduce a point that contrasts with expectations
• Obviously: used to indicate something that is easy to understand
• Moreover: used to add additional information in support of an idea
• Hence: used to emphasize the logical consequence of an idea
• Finally: used to emphasize the last point in an argument.
• Lastly: used to conclude a topic or list.
• Undoubtedly: used to express certainty
• Unquestionably: used to express strong agreement
• In any case: used to introduce an alternative point of view
• At any rate: used to indicate a different viewpoint or opinion
• All things considered: used to express that all arguments have been weighed.
• Given these points: used to introduce a new point or summarise prior points
• In conclusion
• Provided that: used to introduce a condition
• So long as: used when introducing a condition that must be met for something to happen.
• In other words: used to restate a point in different terms.
• To put it another way: also used to rephrase an idea.
• That is to say: used to express something in different words.
• Therefore: used to introduce a logical conclusion or inference
• However: used to introduce an opposing viewpoint
• Consequently: used to express the result of an action
• Furthermore: used to add additional information in support of an idea
• Additionally: provides extra information in the same vein as ‘furthermore’

Top SEO transition words recommended by Yoast SEO:

• On the other hand: introduces a different viewpoint
• Despite this: acknowledges an opposing stance
• In addition to: provides additional information that is related
• Instead of: presents an alternative option
• As a result of: expresses the consequence of a particular action
• For example: provides an illustrative case or situation

Additionally, it is often helpful to use keyword-rich transitions to signal to search engines what the content is about and how it is related to other pieces of content on the website. Ultimately, the goal is to create a writing style that is both effective and efficient in terms of SEO.

Are there any special copywriting SEO transition words?

Yes, there are a few key transition words that can signal to search engines that your content is relevant and informative. These include:

• First
• Secondly
• Thirdly
• Finally
• In conclusion
• To summarize

Print

The best stylists become masters at artfully placing transition words in pivotal positions—i.e., places where the sentence or paragraph meaning «shifts» slightly. What follows is a handy list of common transition words and their functions. If you open sentences appropriately with these words it will help your writing to flow. One caveat though: Always keep the literal meaning of a transition word in mind as you use it—therefore, do not use «for example» unless you are introducing an example that links to the preceding information; do not use «nevertheless» unless you are offering a contrasting point. Note how this paragraph has required a minimal use of transition words; they should not be forced in where they do not belong. When you do use them, keep their broader functions (i.e., «causality,» «emphasis,» etc.) directly in mind. 

Causality	Emphasis	Amplification
Accordingly	Above all	Again
Consequently	Certainly	Also
For this reason	Clearly	Apparently
Hence	Indeed	Besides
Therefore	In fact	Equally important
Thus	In short	Finally
	Obviously	First, Second, etc.
Intention	Of course	Further
For this purpose		In addition
In order to do this	Closure	Moreover
To this end	In conclusion
With this in mind	In sum	Detail
	On the whole	Especially
Location	To summarize	In particular
Beyond		In regard to
Here	Similarity	Namely
Nearby	Likewise	Specifically
Opposite	Similarly	To enumerate
Overlying (underlying)
There	Time	Comparison/Contrast
To the right (left)	Afterward	However
	At the same time	In contrast
Concession	Before	In relation to
At any rate	Earlier	Nevertheless
At least	Eventually	On the other hand
	In the meantime	Still
Example	Sometimes
For example	Later	Interpretation
For instance	Next	Fortunately
To demonstrate	Preceding this	Interestingly
To illustrate	Simultaneously	Significantly
	Soon	Surprisingly

Для чего нужны linking-words или слова-связки?

Слова связки служат для объединения между собой предложений. Они делают Вашу речь богаче, естественнее и приятней для восприятия. Их также ещё называют connectingwords – соединительные слова.

Иногда, просто произнося эти слова, Вы можете создать впечатление хорошо владеющего языком человека, рассуждающего на какую-то не простую тему.

Попав в неудобную для Вас ситуацию и не зная, что сказать, вы можете немного потянуть время и подумать. Посмотрите, как это делает Мартин Кук.

• Какой частью предложения являются слова-связки?
• Они могут являться и предлогом и частицей и наречием и союзом.
• Их также можно разбить на два типа conjunctions — союзы и transition words – переходные слова.
• Как пользоваться словами связками?

Для Вашего удобства их лучше разбить по функциям. А именно, попав в ту или иную ситуацию, у Вас уже должны быть подготовлены слова, которые помогут Вам выйти из положения. Необходимо создать «банк слов связок» по назначению.

Для более эффективного заучивания слов-связок Вы можете воспользоваться тренажёром on-line. Он даст Вам возможность прослушать эти слова с примерами начитанные носителем языка профессиональным диктором Нилом Гейтцем.

Тренажер даёт возможность распределять слова на группы «знаю», «не знаю» и сосредоточиться на словах, которые запоминаются сложнее.

Также, Вы можете приобрести печатный вариант карточек, использование которых даёт более эффективный результат, так как в процесс запоминания включаются ещё и тактильные ощущения.

1. Read by Neil Geitz
2. 1. Таблица: Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction – контраст / оговорка / противоречие  
3. 2. Таблица: Cause / Condition / Purpose / причина / условие / цель
4. 3. Таблица: Effect / result / consequence –  следствие  / результат / последствие

Таблица: Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction – контраст / оговорка / противоречие

АНГЛИЙСКОЕ СЛОВО	ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ	ПЕРЕВОД
although / though	[ɔːlˈðəʊ]	хотя, если бы даже
Although the sun was shining it wasn’t that warm. (in spite of the fact that)
instead	[ɪnˈstɛd]	вместо, взамен
People should leave their cars at home and travel by train instead. (as an alternative)Instead of buying a car he bought a house.
whereas	[ˌwerˈæz]	тогда как, в то время как
You treat this matter lightly, whereas I myself have never been more serious.
while	[waɪl]	в то время как; когда
While

Слова-связки в английском языке

Все слова-связки можно разделить на несколько групп, в зависимости от того, какую функцию в предложении они выполняют:

Слова, позволяющие привести примеры, которые подтверждают вашу точку зрения (linkers for giving example)

• For example (например)
  For instance (например)
  Namely (а именно)
• — There are two problems in process of buying new equipment: namely, the expense and the time.

Слова, позволяющие дополнить высказывание необходимой информацией (linkers for adding more information)

1. And (и)
   In addition (к тому же)
   As well as (так же…как)
   Also (также)
   Too (тоже)
   Besides (кроме того)
   Furthermore (к тому же)
   Moreover (более того)
   Apart from (кроме того)
2. In addition to (в дополнение к)

And используется для объединения схожих идей или понятий. При перечислении необходимо ставить запятую после каждого объекта перечисления, но не перед союзом and. Если союз and используется больше одного раза, то перед ним тоже будет ставиться запятая.
— We discussed training of the staff and the budget of the company.

— We discussed training of the staff, and the budget, and the ways of delivery.

Also используется в том случае, если вы хотите высказать вспомогательное мнение, или же сделать ударение на той новой мысли, которую собираетесь озвучить.
— We are concerned not only about the costs, but also about the quality of the products.

Also не используется в начале предложения. Если вы хотите начать высказывание со слова с таким же значением, то лучше прибегнуть к использованию связок in addition / in addition to this.

— In addition to the costs, we are concerned by the quality of the products.

Связка аs well as ставится либо в начале, либо в середине предложения. А вот связка too следует как правило в конце.
— We are interested in the costs as well as the quality of the products.

— We are concerned by the insurance package too.

Apart from и besides используются с тем же значением, что и in addition to, as well as. А moreover / furthermore позволяют нам внести дополнительные разъяснения к уже завершенному высказыванию.
— Apart from (besides) Ferrari, our company is the largest sports car manufacturer.

— Marketing plans of your company give us a view of a new potential market. Moreover (furthermore), they inform us about possible ways of future negotiations.

Слова, позволяющие подвести итог всего высказывания (linkers for summarising information)

• In short (вкратце)
  In brief (короче говоря)
  In summary (в итоге)
  To summarise (подводя итог)
  In conclusion (в заключение)
  In a nutshell (в двух словах)
• To conclude (делая выводы)

Мы обычно используем эти слова в начале предложения, чтобы дать краткий обзор того, что мы уже сказали или написали.
— In brief (in a nutshell / in short) the negotiations of two companies didn’t reach the final point.

Слова, позволяющие расставить идеи в нужной последовательности (linkers for sequencing ideas)

1. The former, … the latter (первый…последний)
   Firstly, secondly (во-первых, во-вторых)
   Finally (в конце концов)
   The first point is (во-первых)
   Lastly (наконец)
2. The following (следующий)

Firstly, secondly, finally, lastly являются наилучшим способом перечисления идей.

Но слова fourthly, fifthly используются крайне редко. Вместо этого попробуйте применить the first point, the second point… the seventh point и т.д. The following является наилучшим словом-связкой, которым можно начать перечисление.

— The following people have been chosen by the administration of the company to go on the training course: Mr. Johnson, Mrs. Jones and Mrs. Hardy.

Слова, используемые для высказывания причины происходящего (linkers for giving a reason)

• Due to / due to the fact that (согласно / согласно тому факту, что)
  Owing to / owing to the fact that (благодаря / благодаря тому, что)
  Because (потому что)
  Because of (из-за того, что)
  Since (с тех пор, как)
• As (так как)

После связок due to / owing to обязательным условием является использование существительного.
— Due to the rise in oil prices, the state inflation rate rose by 1.41%.

— Owing to the demand, we are able to supply your company all items within 2 weeks.

Если вы хотите продолжить данные связки другими частями речи, то лучше использовать связки due to the fact / owing to the fact.
Because / because of также требуют после себя существительного.

— Because of bad weather the supplement of the products was stopped till the next day.

Since / as несут в себе ту же смысловую нагрузку, что и because.
— Since our company is expanding, we need to hire more employees.

— As our company is expanding, we need to hire more employees.

Слова, используемые для очерчивания результата высказывания (linkers for showing the result)

1. Therefore (поэтому)
   So (таким образом)
   Consequently (следовательно)
   This means that (это значит, что)
2. As a result (в результате)

Therefore, so, consequently and as a result используются с одной и той же смысловой нагрузкой и являются абсолютно взаимозаменяемыми.
— Our company is expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, we are taking on extra staff.

So используется в большинстве случаев в неформальном общении.

Слова, помогающие противопоставить идеи одна другой (linkers which help to contrast ideas)

Слова-связки в английском языке: виды, советы, примеры

Содержание:

1. Что такое слова-связки
2. Виды слов-связок для письма и говорения
3. Советы по использованию linking words

Основная цель нашей речи – и устной, и письменной – состоит в том, чтобы четко и ясно изложить информацию, донести мысль до слушателя или читателя, убедить его в своей правоте. Для достижения этой цели нужно последовательно излагать идеи, логически выстраивать свое повествование и выделять главные мысли. Слова-связки в английском языке предназначены именно для этого: они помогают показать связи между идеями, упорядочить высказывание, сделать его цельным и понятным аудитории.

Что такое слова-связки

Слова-связки (linking words) – это слова, которые используются для объединения частей высказывания, связи идей и создания логичного перехода от одной мысли к другой.

Связующие слова и фразы могут соединять части сложного предложения или части текста.

Они помогают автору речи делать акценты, выводить одну мысль из другой и шаг за шагом излагать свои мысли, как бы проводя аудиторию за руку от одной идеи к другой. Связки важны как для говорения, так и для письма.

Связки могут принадлежать разным частям речи. Самые простые примеры связок – and (и), but (но), so (таким образом), because (потому что). Они часто используются в повседневной речи и знакомы даже начинающим. В статье мы приведем примеры более сложных слов и фраз, которые могут пригодиться в деловых переговорах, публичных выступлениях, а также в написании текстов для ОГЭ и эссе для ЕГЭ.

Рассмотрим разные виды связующих слов в зависимости от их значения и роли в тексте.

• Sequence (последовательность)

Следующие слова помогут вам организовать логическую последовательность в тексте, упорядочить мысли. Их можно разделить на три группы: начало речи, продолжение, подведение итогов.

Beginning (начало)
first/firstly	[fɜːst] / [ˈfɜːstli]	во-первых
first of all	[fɜːst ɒv ɔːl]	прежде всего
the first point is…	[ðə fɜːst pɔɪnt ɪz]	первый пункт
to begin/start with	[tuː bɪˈgɪn wɪð] / [tuː stɑːt wɪð]	для начала
first and most importantly	[fɜːst ænd məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtəntli]	первое и самое главное
first and foremost	[fɜːst ænd ˈfɔːməʊst]	в первую очередь
let us begin/start with…	[lɛt ʌs bɪˈgɪn wɪð] / [lɛt ʌs stɑːt wɪð]	начнем с…
initially	[ɪˈnɪʃəli]	первоначально
at the beginning	[æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ]	вначале
Going further (продолжение)
second/secondly	[ˈsɛkənd] / [ˈsɛkəndli]	во-вторых
third/thirdly, etc	[θɜːd] / [ˈθɜːdli]	в-третьих, и т. д.
the second/third point is…	[ðə ˈsɛkənd pɔɪnt ɪz] / [ðə θɜːd pɔɪnt ɪz]	второй/третий пункт
next	[nɛkst]	следующий
and then	[ænd ðɛn]	затем
also	[ˈɔːlsəʊ]	также
another	[əˈnʌðə]	следующий
in addition	[ɪn əˈdɪʃ(ə)n]	в дополнение
moreover	[mɔːˈrəʊvə]	более того
further/furthermore	[ˈfɜːðə] / [ˈfɜːðəˈmɔː]	далее
subsequently	[ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli]	впоследствии
simultaneously	[ˌsɪməlˈteɪniəsli]	одновременно
formerly	[ˈfɔːməli]	прежде
previously	[ˈpriːviəsli]	ранее
Concluding (заключение, подведение итогов)
last/lastly	[lɑːst] / [ˈlɑːstli]	последний
last but not the least	[lɑːst bʌt nɒt ðə liːst]	последнее, но не по значению
finally	[ˈfaɪnəli]	наконец
in conclusion	[ɪn kənˈkluːʒən]	в заключение
to summarise	[tuː ˈsʌməraɪz]	подводя итог
to sum up/summing up	[tuː sʌm ʌp] / [ˈsʌmɪŋ ʌp]	резюмируя/подводя итоги
ultimately	[ˈʌltɪmɪtli]	в конце концов

Приведем примеры предложений для эссе или устной речи, где вы можете использовать эти связующие слова:

To begin with, there are many causes of cultural differences.	Начнем с того, что существует множество причин культурных различий.
Firstly, there is the history of the people.	Во-первых, это история народа.
Secondly, geographical location and climate conditions.	Во-вторых, географическое положение и климатические условия.
Furthermore, religion plays an important part in national culture.	Кроме того, религия играет важную роль в национальной культуре.
In addition, there is also the economy and politics of the country.	К тому же есть еще экономика и политика страны.

Следующие слова и фразы указывают на следствие или результат того, что было сказано в предыдущих предложениях. С их помощью вы можете выразить причинно-следственные связи.

so	[səʊ]	таким образом
as a result	[æz ə rɪˈzʌlt]	так
as a consequence (of)	[æz ə ˈkɒnsɪkwəns ɒv]	вследствие этого
consequently	[ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli]	вследствие
due to	[djuː tuː]	ввиду
because/because of	[bɪˈkɒz] / [bɪˈkɒz ɒv]	по причине
since	[sɪns]	поскольку
therefore	[ˈðeəfɔː]	следовательно/по причине
thus	[ðʌs]	таким образом
hence	[hɛns]	следовательно
accordingly	[əˈkɔːdɪŋli]	соответственно
for this reason	[fɔː ðɪs ˈriːzn]	по этой причине
for that reason	[fɔː ðæt ˈriːzn]	по этой причине
on account of this	[ɒn əˈkaʊnt ɒv ðɪs]	в связи с этим

• Emphasis (акцентирование внимания)

Слова и фразы этого типа используются, чтобы выделить особо важную мысль, подчеркнуть ключевые моменты речи, усилить определенную идею.

undoubtedly/no doubt	[ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli] / [nəʊ daʊt]	без сомнения
indeed	[ɪnˈdiːd]	действительно
obviously	[ˈɒbvɪəsli]	очевидно
admittedly	[ədˈmɪtɪdli]	по общему признанию
particularly/in particular	[pəˈtɪkjʊləli] / [ɪn pəˈtɪkjʊlə]	в частности
generally	[ˈʤɛnərəli]	обычно
especially	[ɪsˈpɛʃəli]	особенно
specifically	[spəˈsɪfɪk(ə)li]	конкретно
in fact	[ɪn fækt]	на самом деле
clearly	[ˈklɪəli]	безусловно
especially	[ɪsˈpɛʃəli]	особенно
mainly	[ˈmeɪnli]	главным образом
notably	[ˈnəʊtəbli]	в особенности, заметно
needless to say	[ˈniːdlɪs tuː seɪ]	само собой разумеется
indeed	[ɪnˈdiːd]	действительно
truly	[ˈtruːli]	истинно
certainly	[ˈsɜːtnli]	определенно
surely	[ˈʃʊəli]	несомненно

Перечисленные выше выражения могут встретиться как в личном письме, так и в официальной речи, например:

It is mainly used in questions and negative statements.	Он в основном используется в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях.
Needless to say that literature is a very important part of human culture.	Излишне говорить, что литература – очень важная часть человеческой культуры.
Undoubtedly they are both excellent engineers.	Несомненно, они оба отличные инженеры.
Obviously you didn’t read it.	Очевидно, вы не читали это.
Surely, this question is very important.	Без сомнения, этот вопрос очень важен.

Приведенные ниже слова для связки предложений используются, чтобы уточнить свои идеи и проиллюстрировать их примерами.

for example	[fɔːr ɪgˈzɑːmpl]	например
for instance	[fɔːr ˈɪnstəns]	к примеру
that is	[ðæt ɪz ]	то есть
such as	[sʌʧ æz]	такие как
namely	[ˈneɪmli]	именно
proof of this	[pruːf ɒv ðɪs]	доказательство этому

Слова-связки в английском языке

Одна из основных целей каждого человека, изучающего иностранный язык, – сделать свою речь как можно более богатой, непринужденной и приближенной к оригинальному разговору.

Но это невозможно без умения составлять красивые и связные предложения. Именно в этом нам и помогают слова-связки (linking words или linkers).

Их нельзя отнести к определенной части речи, так как они могут быть и союзом, и наречием, и предлогом, и частицей.

Слова-связки служат для того, чтобы объединить между собой предложения, сделать так, чтобы они не выглядели оторванными друг от друга. Все linking words в английском языке можно разделить на несколько групп в зависимости от того, какую функцию в предложении они выполняют. Мы рассмотрим основные группы:

• Linkers for giving examples – слова, позволяющие привести примеры, которые подтверждают вашу точку зрения.

  Слово/Словосочетание

  as follows	следующий, как указано далее
  for example	например
  for instance	например
  namely	а именно
  such as	такой как

  Перевод

  There are two problems in process of buying equipment: namely, the expense and the time. – При покупке нового оборудования могут возникнуть две проблемы, а именно: расходы и время.
  The participants of the tournament are as follows: Smith, Barrington, Jackson, Brown. – Участники турнира следующие: Смит, Баррингтон, Джексон, Браун.

• Linkers for adding information – слова, позволяющие дополнить высказывание, добавить информацию в предложение.

  Слово/Словосочетание

  also	также
  and	и
  apart from	кроме, наряду с
  as well as	так же как, также
  besides	кроме того, более того, к тому же
  furthermore	кроме того, более того, к тому же
  in addition to	к тому же, в дополнение к
  moreover	кроме того, более того, к тому же
  too	тоже, также

  Перевод

  And используется для объединения схожих идей или понятий. При перечислении необходимо ставить запятую после каждого объекта перечисления, но не перед союзом and. Если союз and используется больше одного раза, то перед ним тоже будет ставиться запятая.
  We discussed training of the staff and the budget of the company. – Мы обсуждали обучение персонала и бюджет компании.
  We discussed training of the staff, and the budget, and the ways of delivery. – Мы обсуждали обучение персонала и бюджет компании, и способы доставки.
  Also показывает, что вы хотите высказать дополнительное мнение или сделать акцент на новой мысли, которую собираетесь озвучить. Это слово-связка не используется в начале предложения.
  We are concerned about the cost of the product, also about its quality. – Мы заботимся о стоимости продукта, также о его качестве.
  В начале предложения мы можем употреблять in addition to, apart from, besides, moreover, furthermore. Moreover и furthermore позволяют нам внести дополнительные разъяснения к уже завершенному высказыванию.
  Apart from Ferrari, our company is the largest sports car manufacturer. – Наряду с «Феррари», наша компания – самый большой производитель спортивных автомобилей.
  He promised to come by dinner. Moreover, he said he would call before leaving home. – Он обещал прийти к ужину. Более того, он сказал, что позвонит перед выходом из дома.
  As well as ставится либо в начале, либо в середине предложения. А вот too находится, как правило, в конце.
  He has worked in the office as well as at the factory. – Он работал в офисе, а также на заводе.
  She was working in the office too. – Она тоже работала в офисе.
  Еще больше о связках, дополняющих информацию, вам расскажет преподаватель Adam.

• Linkers for summarizing information and showing the result – слова, позволяющие подвести итог всего высказывания или показать результат.

  Слово/Словосочетание

  as a consequence	как следствие, как результат
  as a result	в результате, как результат
  consequently	следовательно, вследствие этого
  hence	таким образом, из чего следует, поэтому
  in brief	говоря вкратце, в двух словах
  in conclusion	в заключение
  in short	говоря вкратце, в двух словах
  in summary	в итоге, вкратце
  so	итак, так, поэтому
  therefore	поэтому
  thus	таким образом, из чего следует, поэтому
  to conclude	делая выводы
  to summarize (AmE), to summarise (BrE)	подводя итог

  Перевод

  Мы обычно используем эти linking words в начале предложения, чтобы дать краткий обзор того, что мы уже сказали или написали. Как правило, такие связки отделяются запятой.
  In summary, the negotiations of two companies didn’t reach the final point. – В итоге во время переговоров компании не пришли к окончательному решению.
  So, they decided to follow the instructions given by Mr. Smith. – Итак, они решили следовать указаниям, которые дал мистер Смит.
  We don’t sell this type of phones. Hence, we can’t fix yours. – Мы не продаем такие телефоны. Поэтому мы не можем починить ваш.
  Еще одно видео от преподавателя Adam поможет вам пролить больше света на связки, подводящие итоги и показывающие результат.

• Linkers for sequencing ideas – слова, позволяющие расставить идеи в нужной последовательности.

  Слово/Словосочетание

  finally	наконец, в конце концов
  first(ly) … second(ly) … third(ly)	во-первых … во-вторых … в-третьих / первое … второе … третье
  lastly	наконец, в конце концов
  the first point … the second point … the third point	первое … второе … третье / во-первых … во-вторых … в-третьих
  the former … the latter	первый … последний
  to begin with … then … to conclude	для начала … затем … наконец

  Перевод

  First(ly), second(ly), finally, lastly – самые распространенные связки для перечисления идей. В английском языке есть также слова fourthly (в-четвертых), fifthly (в-пятых), но их используют крайне редко. Вместо этого лучше возьмите the first point (первое) … the fourth point (четвертое), the fifth point (пятое) и т. д.
  First, you should cross the road. Second, you need to take a bus. Third, you have to take off at Trafalgar Square. – Во-первых, тебе нужно перейти дорогу. Во-вторых, надо сесть на автобус. В-третьих, выйти на Трафальгарской площади.
  The service was awful in that restaurant. We had to wait for the table for an hour, to begin with. Then the waiter served us cold soup. To conclude he brought the spoons in his pocket. – Обслуживание было ужасным в этом ресторане. Для начала нам пришлось ждать наш столик час. Затем официант подал нам холодный суп. Наконец, он принес ложки в кармане.

• Linkers for giving reason – слова, с помощью которых можно объяснить причину происходящего.

  Слово/Словосочетание

  as	так как
  because	потому что
  because of	из-за того, что
  due to / due to the fact that	согласно / согласно тому, что
  owing to / owing to the fact that	благодаря / благодаря тому, что
  since	так как, с тех пор как

  Перевод

  После because of, due to и owing to используется существительное или герундий. Конструкции due to the fact that, owing to the fact that, since и as нужны, если вы хотите объяснить причину придаточным предложением.
  The flight was cancelled due to bad weather. – Полет был отменен из-за плохой погоды.
  Owing to the fact that she prepared well, Ashley aced at exam. – Благодаря тому, что Эшли хорошо подготовилась, она блистала на экзамене.
  Since our company is expanding, we need to hire more employees. – Так как наша компания расширяется, нам необходимо нанимать новых сотрудников.

• Linkers for contrasting ideas – слова, помогающие противопоставить одну мысль другой.

  Слово/Словосочетание

  although / even though	хотя, даже если
  but	но
  despite / despite the fact that	несмотря на / несмотря на тот факт, что
  however	однако
  in comparison	в сравнении
  in contrast	в отличии от, в сравнении
  in spite of / in spite of the fact that	несмотря на / несмотря на тот факт, что
  in theory … in practice	в теории … на практике
  nevertheless	несмотря на, все-таки
  nonetheless	тем не менее
  on the contrary	наоборот
  on the one hand … on the other hand	с одной стороны … с другой стороны

  Перевод

  Слова-связки в английском языке. 1 тип

  В этой серии статей мы расскажем о словах-связках (Linking Words) и фразах-связках (Linking Phrases), покажем на примерах, как их использовать и разберемся в тонкостях их употребления в предложениях. Но сначала дадим определение данным понятиям и объясним, зачем они нужны.

  Linking Words and Phrases – это слова или фразы, которые связывают между собой несколько идей внутри одного или нескольких предложений и делают речь логичной, связной и более естественной. Они характерны как для письменной, так и для устной речи.

  Обычно их используют, чтобы привести пример, ввести новую информацию, сделать вывод, объяснить что-то, сообщить результат или противопоставить предложения.

  Их знание необходимо для сдачи ЕГЭ по английскому языку: задания 32-38, написание личного письма (задание С1), эссе (задание С2) и для раздела «Говорение».

  Выделяют несколько типов слов-связок и фраз-связок. Сегодня разберем один из них.

  Cлова-связки в английском языке данного типа помогают ввести дополнительную информацию.

  Linking   words/phrases	Перевод	Пример	Пояснения
  Additionally,	К тому же	Additionally, the   historical building   needs renovation.	Стоят в начале   предложения и   всегда   обособляются   запятой.
  In addition,	К тому же	In addition, the   iGeners prefer   expensive  gadgets.
  In addition to…,	В добавок к	In addition to a   costly helicopter, he   owns a yacht.  He owns a yacht in   addition to a costly   helicopter.	Если с данной   фразы начинается   предложение, то   затем ставится   запятая. Если ей   заканчивается   предложение, то   запятая не   ставится.
  Moreover,	Кроме того	Moreover, they   want to find a place   with scienic views.	Стоят в начале   предложения и   всегда   обособляются   запятой.
  What is more,	Кроме того	What is more, you   can buy souvenirs   and gifts here.
  Furthermore,	Кроме того	Furthermore, all   the  devices have   to  have pre-installed software and apps.
  Besides,	Кроме того	Besides, this  movie   is a high  budget     successor.
  Also	Также	1) He goes to school 5 days a week, but he also takes up ice hockey every day.  2) They provide free accomodation. Also, they have free room service.  3) Rosy can ride a bike. She is good at skateboarding also.	Чаще используется в письменной речи, чем в устной. Место в предложении:  1) обычно стоит между подлежащим и сказуемым и объединяет два предложения;  2) с also можно начать предложение, чтобы добавить новую мысль или дополнить предыдущее предложение. В этом случае после also ставится запятая.  3) может стоять на последнем месте, объединяя два предложения. Однако в этом случае лучше использовать as well или too.
  Too	Тоже	You can use free   WiFi, too.  We, too, watched   this film yesterday.  We too watched       this film yesterday.	1) Too почти всегда стоит в конце предложения и обособляется запятой.  2) Но может стоять и сразу после подлежащего, если относится непосредственно к нему. При этом часто с обеих сторон обособляется запятыми.
  As well	Тоже	He reads books and magazines as well.	Стоит всегда в   конце   утвердительного   предложения и не   обособляется   запятой. Чаще   используется в   разговорной речи.
  Either	Тоже	Her pen isn’t on the desk. It isn’t in the pencil case either.	Either имеет такой   же перевод как  also   и too, но   связывает   два   отрицательных   предложения.   Стоит всегда в   конце   предложения.
  As well as	А также	In his free time he   goes surfing as well   as sailing.
  Along with	Вместе с	Please download   this book along with   2 CDs from here.
  Not only… but also	Не только…, но   и…	Those students  are   not only clever but   also well-mannered.  Maggie not only   reads fast, but she   also writes fast.	Этот двойной  союз   может  соединять   подлежащие,   сказуемые,   дополнения,   обстоятельства и   определения.   Обычно перед   второй частью   союза but also   запятая не   ставится, кроме   случаев, когда   нужно  подчеркнуть   какую-либо мысль.
  Apart from this,	Кроме этого	Apart from this,   reality TV shows   are entertaining.	Стоят в начале   предложения и   обособляются   запятой.
  Apart from…,	Кроме

  Слова-связки в английском языке

  Слова-связки есть в любом языке – они просто необходимы для того, чтобы скреплять речь, как раствор скрепляет кирпичи в здании. При этом на ранних этапах изучения английского им не уделяется много внимания – есть масса грамматических и лексических моментов, который гораздо важнее.

  Но чем больше вы будете погружаться в новый язык, тем чаще вы будете встречать связующие слова и конструкции – в речи, в выступлениях, в текстах.

  Способность легко и вовремя вставить такое слово в свою речь – это показатель высокого уровня владения иностранным языком.

  А уж если вы решите сдавать какой-нибудь экзамен на владение английским, например, IELTS, то без таких слов-связок не обойтись – они будут нужны и в письменной части экзамена, и в устной.

  Слова-связки могут относиться к разным частям речи – это может быть междометие, наречие, частица и т.д.

  Роли они исполняют тоже разные – для того, чтобы связать в один диалог фразы двух собеседников, чтобы расставить акценты, определить структуру текста, привлечь внимание и еще много-много других.

  Хорошая новость– в английском языке в целом слова-связки такие же, как и в русском. Так что, достаточно выяснить перевод привычных слов и выражений, уточнить их использование в английском (все-таки, нюансы есть) – и вперед.

  Простые разговорные

  Эту группу слов-связок часто еще называют «мусорными словами» или «словами-паразитами». Такое негативное отношение появилось из-за того, что иногда речь ими сильно перегружена, и смысл в таком случае теряется.

  Но если применять их с умом, то все будет отлично. Их даже можно использовать как помощь, например, на устной части экзамена или на собеседовании – чтобы выиграть пару секунд на обдумывание и формулирование ответа.

  Well, I think this is not a common problem. / Ну… Я не думаю, что это распространенная проблема.

  Well… My strengths… I’m a very resourceful person. / Что ж… Мои сильные стороны… Я очень находчивый человек.

  Среди часто встречающихся в разговорной речи слов-связок есть и просто связующие, и сообщающие отношение говорящего к происходящему, и выражающие некоторое мнение.

  So, you suppose this story is absolute fiction. / Итак, ты полагаешь, что эта история – полный вымысел.

  Luckily, we found the only available room in the whole hotel. / К счастью, мы нашли единственный свободный номер на всю гостиницу.

  Unluckily, it was the room with the view of the dump. / К несчастью, это был номер с видом на свалку.

  Actually