This word is used in many sports

Учитель английского языка Яглова Ольга Петровна

Пояснительная записка

              Методические
рекомендации и материалы к изучению темы включают подбор лексического материала
по теме «Спорт» и имеют следующие разделы:

1.     
Работа
с лексикой.

              а)
вводится определенное количество новой лексики

              в)
даются упражнения на :

— освоение
лексического материала

— тренировку
лексического материала

— закрепление
лексического материала

              г)
предлагаются упражнения на активизацию и использование лексики в

    различных видах
речевой деятельности:

              аудировании,
чтении, переводе, письме, говорении.

2.     
Тексты
для аудирования

              Предлагаемые
тексты для аудирования  снабжены:

а)
подготовительными упражнениями в аудировании, направленными на  снятие
лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух.

б) заданиями,
направленными на контроль понимания содержания аудируемого текста.

3.     
Тексты
для чтения

              Предлагаемые
тексты, объединенные  данной тематикой, различаются по степени сложности и
включают:

а) простые тексты

б) частично адаптированные
тексты

в) тексты не
адаптированного характера

              и
содержат задания на:

—         
извлечение полной
информации (чтение с использованием словаря)

—         
извлечение основной
информации (без использования словаря)

—         
извлечение частичной
информации (без использования словаря)

              Материал 
разделен на разделы в зависимости от объекта усвоения и от доминирующего вида
формируемой речевой деятельности учеников.

              Это
деление условно, так как работа над текстом (чтение, аудирование) предполагает
решение некоторых устно-речевых задач, так же как и работа над лексикой,
которая может включать, кроме того и повторение определенного грамматического
материала и т. д..

              Материал
каждого раздела  можно разделить на обязательный, который обеспечивает базовый
уровень владения лексикой по теме, и факультативный, который дается отдельным ученикам
 или группе учащихся для более углубленной работы над предметным содержанием
темы.

              Объединение
материала в разделы по деятельностной доминанте дает свободу ученику и учителю,
позволяет осуществлять выбор материала и сочетать его по своему усмотрению.

              Имеется
словарь по теме «Спорт», который включает в себя основную лексику предыдущих
этапов обучения и большое количество новой лексики.

Рекомендации:

              Работа
с лексикой:

При работе с лексикой
следует придавать значение ее систематизации, группируя ее по различным
принципам (семантический, словообразовательный, грамматический, лексической
сочетаемости)

              Аудирование

При обучении
аудированию  предлагаются подготовительные упражнения в аудировании, направленные
на снятие лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух. Эти
задания предполагают ознакомление с приведенными там лексическими единицами и
иногда с их переводом.

              Чтение

Как цель обучения
чтение предполагает овладение следующими действиями:

—         
опознание известных
языковых единиц; слов, словосочетаний, целых предложений;

—         
установление новых
смысловых связей этих единиц;

—         
догадка о значении
неизвестных лексических единиц (по словообразовательным компонентам, общности с
родным языком, по контексту);

—         
поиск значения слова в
словаре, использование комментария; выделение основных фактов и т. д.

На этой основе
происходит понимание текста и принятие смыслового решения:

а) интересно /
неинтересно

б) что было известно
/ что ново

в) что нужно
запомнить, принять к сведению / что не нужно

г) желательно
действовать так же (следовать примеру, заимствовать опыт) или нет и т. Для
выявления понимания текста используется письмо, либо устная речь (говорение)

              Говорение

Обучение говорению
осуществляется по следующим направлениям:

-решение
коммуникативных задач в диалогической и монологической формах.

-решение
коммуникативных задач на базе аудирования и чтения

Эти направления
находят свою реализацию в предлагаемых упражнениях имеющихся разделов.

              Письмо

Студенты учатся
делать выписки из прочитанного текста. Это задания на поиск информации и ее
фиксацию, на составление тезисов для устного высказывания.

              Кроме
того, запись новой лексики в тетради, письменное выполнение лексических и
грамматических упражнений. Контроль техники письма  и орфографических навыков
предусмотрены в заданиях  и тестах . Студентам предлагаются тексты с пропусками
слов, необходимостью выбрать верную грамматическую форму слова, необходимостью
выбрать одно из слов синонимического ряда и т. д.

Материалы к изучению темы «Спорт» содержат
большое количество заданий, которые  невозможно выполнить без партнёра или
партнёров, они предполагают работу в парах или малых группах. Имеются задания,
предполагающие “информационное неравенство” участников;  задания организованного
ролевого общения в жизненных ситуациях; задания для спонтанного общения, когда
учебная ситуация переходит в естественную, что соответствует новым методическим
подходам при обучении иностранному языку.

            Предлагаемые
материалы обеспечивают практическую направленность всего учебного процесса и
обеспечивают реальные возможности для применения учащимися полученных знании и
умений.

These sports and games
are less common:

Archery [ a:tSqrI]

Fencing

Climbing

Mountaineering [ mauntI nIqrIN]‘

Riding

Surfing and windsurfing

Sailing / yachting [ jLtI:N]

Diving

Water polo [ pqulqu]

Water skiing

Baseball

Martial [ ma:Sl] arts:

Aikido [aI kI:dqu]

Karate [kq ra:tI]

Judo [ Gu:dqu]

Taekwondo [ taIkwPn dqu]

Sports are participated
indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are some names of
special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise:

A gym

Acourt

A ring

A stadium

An ice rink

A fitness centre

A track (a racetrack)

A swimming pool

A football field

Sports grounds

Other people who are
important in sport are:

A coach

An instructor [ InstrAktq]

A judge or a referee [ refq rI:]

Athlets compete either
individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).

We can speak about:

A
national team

An Olympic team

A school team, etc.

Guess what sports and
games are described here:

1.     
the sport of fighting with fists;

2.     
the sport of riding in a small
boat with sails;

3.     
the sport of one who swims;

4.     
the sport of playing a type of
football with an oval ball

5.     
a game of two people who use
rackets, a small soft ball and low net;

6.     
the sport of moving through  the
water in a boat without sails

7.     
the sport of going on a horseback;

8.     
a game played by two teams of 6
players each that is played on an ice field;

9.     
an outdoor game, popular in
Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each,
usually dressed in white.

Раздел 1

Some of the
popular sports are:

Раздел 1

EXERCISE

How many
names of sports can you find in this wordsearch? The words may appear in any
direction.

Key: baseball, cricket, bowls, darts,
archery, golf, tennis, judo, windsurfing.

EXERCISE

Look through
the list above and say:

1.     
the names of which
sports you didn’t know before;

2.     
which of these sports
in your view are

a)     
the most dangerous

b)     
the least dangerous

c)     
the most exotic

d)     
the most common

e)     
the best for keeping
fit

f)      
the most attractive for
you and why

EXERCISE

Study the
information from this table and make sentences, using the construction more
/ less … then

Interesting	golf	fishing
Expensive	horse riding	tennis
Boring	cricket	weightlifting
Dangerous	chess	football
Enjoyable	jogging	Fishing
Difficult	table tennis	tennis
beautiful	figure skating	wind Surfing
useful	fencing	gymnastics
common	archery	basketball

Example:

1)     
I think golf is more
interesting than fishing

2)     
……………………………………………..

Items of
sportswear:

Swimming-trunks
and swimsuit

Trainers

A sports jacket

A waterproof
jacket

A tracksuit

Knee-length socks

Mittens and gloves

A T-shirt and
shorts

Раздел 1

Equipment – what you hold in your hand

Golf – club

Squash/ tennis/
badminton – racket

Darts – dart

Archery – bow

Cricket/
table-tennis – bat

Hockey – stick

Snooker / pool
/billiards – cue

Rowing – oar

Fishing – rod/
line

EXERCISE

Practicing
which sports need special equipment or doesn’t need any equipment

EXERCISE

Name one
other piece of equipment necessary to play these sports apart from the item
given, as in the example. What special clothing, if any, is worn for each
sport?

Example: golf:
clubs, balls

1 archery: bow,
………..

2 badminton:
racket, ……………

3 hockey:
stick,………….

4 baseball: bat,
…………..

5 darts:
darts,………….

Key: 1 arrows, 2 shuttlecock 3 ball 4
ball 5 dartboard

Clothing :

1 Archers
usually wear special gloves, and probably a cap to shade their
eyes.

2 Usually sweat-shirt
and shorts or tennis – skirt, with tennis style shoes, possibly sweat-bands
too.

3
Hockey-players usually wear shorts or a short tennis-skirt, but also protective
gloves, shin-pads too and possibly a safety-helmet.

4 Baseball
players often wear caps, plus protective clothing (special gloves,
shin-pads, etc.).

5 No special
clothes, since the game is usually played informally in pubs and clubs.

Sports are
participated indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are
some names of special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise

A gym

A court

A course

A field

A ring

A stadium

An ice rink

A fitness centre

A track (a
racetrack)

A swimming pool

A football field

Sports grounds

Раздел 1

People who
are important in sport are:

A coach

An instructor [ InstrAktq]

A judge or a
referee [
refq rI:]

Which of the two?

Referee or
umpire?

Both referee and
umpire are judges. Referee is used in connection with basketball, boxing,
football, hockey, rugby, wrestling. Umpire is used in connection with
badminton, baseball, cricket, swimming, tennis and volleyball

Athlets
compete either individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).

We can speak
about:

A national team

An Olympic team

A school team,
etc.

EXERCISE

Guess what
sports and games are described here:

10. 
the sport of fighting
with fists;

11. 
the sport of riding in
a small boat with sails;

12. 
the sport of one who
swims;

13. 
the sport of playing a
type of football with an oval ball

14. 
a game of two people
who use rackets, a small soft ball and low net;

15. 
the sport of moving
through  the water in a boat without sails

16. 
the sport of going on a
horseback;

17. 
a game played by two
teams of 6 players each that is played on an ice field;

18. 
an outdoor game, popular
in Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each,
usually dressed in white.

People who do particular sports

—er can be used for many sports, e.g. footballer,
swimmer, windsurfer, high-jumper, cricketer, golfer, etc.

Player is often necessary, e.g. tennis-player,
snooker-player, darts-player; we can also say football-player, cricket-player.

Some names must be
learnt separately, e.g. canoeist, cyclist, mountaineer, jockey, archer,
gymnast.

EXERCISE

What do you
call a person who…?

1 does the long
jump?

2 rides horses in
races?

3 drives cars in
races?

4 throws the
discus / javelin?

5 does gymnastics?

6 plays hockey?

7 Plays football?

8 does the
pole-vault

If you go in
for sport you:

train for a
competition (match, game)

compete in a
championship

take part in a
tournament [
tLnqment]

set / break records

score points and
goals

win or lose (in)
the competition

win a prize / a
cup

draw the game

Раздел 1

Verbs and
their collocations in the context of sport

Our team won /
lost by three goals / points.

She broke the
Olympic record last year.

He holds the
record for the 100 metres breast-stroke.

Liverpool beat
Hamburg 4-2 yesterday.

The team have
never been defeated. (more formal than beat)

How many goals
/ points have you scored this season?

I think I’ll take
up bowls next spring and give up golf.

EXERCISE

Fill in the
gaps with suitable verbs.

1)     
Were many records
……………at the Olympics?

2)     
We’ve been ……..so many
times we deserve to be bottom of the league!

3)     
Congratulations! How
many points did you ……by?

4)     
You should ………jogging.
That would help you lose weight.

5)     
Who ………….the world
record for the 1000 metres? Is it a Russian?

6)     
I only ever once ………a
goal, and that was  sheer luck.

Key: 1  — broken, 2  — beaten /
defeated, 3 — win, 4 — take up, 5 — holds,  6 — scored

Here are the
verbs connected with the topic ”SPORT”

but they
have several meanings. Try to give your translation of the following word
combinations:

Win – won – won

1)     
the game /competition /
battle / war.            выиграть, победить

2)     
respect / fame                                             
добиться

3)     
hearts /
audience                                           завоевать

Lose – lost – lost

1)     
the
game                                                       проиграть, потерпеть
поражение

2)     
the key / temper /
control / weight / way     потерять

Run – ran – run

1)     
away / fast /
slowly                             бежать

2)     
the country /
hotel                               управлять, владеть

3)     
the road runs / the
river runs etc.           Идет, бежит, течет, уменьшается

Break – broke –
broken

            1) the
record                               ставить рекорд

            2) the
cup / the leg / heart           разбить, сломать

            3) the law / the rule .                  
нарушить/ прекратить .прервать

Catch – caught –
caught

1)     
the ball  /
cold                      ловит, поймать

2)     
bus /
train                             успеть

3)     
the sound / smell
/                уловить / почувствовать

4)     
the idea /
meaning                 понять

Draw — drew – drawn

1)     
a picture                               рисовать

2)     
the
game                               сыграть вничью

3)     
the rubber
draws                   тянуть, тащить

Раздел 1

Exercise

Give the best
translation

1. The home team
has won.

3.     
He is sure to win

4.     
They won by chance.    
                  

5.     
She lost diamond ring
before wedding

6.     
Children got lost in
the woods.

7.     
He lost his job.

8.     
It is dangerous to go
fishing.. The ice is breaking.

9.     
He fall down and broke
his glasses.

10. 
The cat caught the
mouse/ bird/

11. 
The police caught the
criminal/ spy/ thief

12. 
She is always loosing
her things and documents.

13. 
Children got lost in
the forest

14. 
He lost his job.

15. 
The book in the shop
window caught my eye.

14   
It was difficult to
catch the idea

15   
Did you catch the
meaning of a word?

16   
We were caught in the
rain

17   
He was caught by the
camera

18   
The weather is breaking

19   
A chimney must draw

20   
Rubber draws

21   
He won the election by
the majority of voices.

22   
He won the hearts of
audience.

23   
The plane was quickly
loosing speed. 

24   
All is lost.

25   
They broke
negotiations.(peace talks)

26   
It was late. She drew
the curtains and went to bed.

27   
The carriage was drawn
by horses                                   

28   
They drew the car to
the petrol station.

29   
May the best man win.

30   
He is sure to
win                                

31   
There is not a moment
to lose.

32   
The army lost heavily

33   
The book lost in
translation

34   
He fell in love and
lost his head / mind / sense

35   
The clock (watch) is
loosing.

36   
He caught a strange
sound

37   
He caught the smell of
smoke.

EXERCISE

Put in the missing letters

p         t          i         t    .	c           p          e	ak               p         t	p        c         c   .
p            y	r             n	u      p	w      m

EXERCISE

 which of
these sports are more popular in

a)     
Russia

b)     
The USA

c)     
Great Britain

EXERCISE

Put the suitable
word into the gaps.

happy, upset,
puzzled, angry, depressed.

1.   The girl got
a lot of presents for her birthday. She was ………………..

2.     
The student can’t
answer the question. He is ……………..

3.     
The boy has broken the
window. His father is ……………… with him.

4.     
Our football team has
lost. We are …………….

5.     
He didn’t pass the
exam. He is …………….

1)      
Do you like sport?

2)       What
is your favourite sport?

3)       Why
do many people go in for sport?

4)       What
sport is the most useful?

5)       Can
you call yourself a fan?

6)       What
are the most important international competitions?

7)       What
is the idea of Olympic Games?

       What
is the symbol of Olympic Games?

III.

The Olympic games

           The original Olympic Games began
around 800 BC in Ancient Greece and continued until they were
abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in AD 393. The first modern Olympics
took place in Athens in 1896, and since then, more than a dozen
different countries have staged the Summer Olympics. The cities
of Paris, London, Berlin and Los Angeles have hosted the Olympics twice.

           In 1956, Australia became the
first country outside Europe and America to stage the Olympics, while Mexico
was the first Latin American country to have the Olympics, in 1968.

           Many of the great athletes in the world
have taken part in the Olympic Games, but no one has equalled
the achievements of the great Finnish athlete, Paavo Nurmi, who between 1920
and 1928 won nine gold and silver medals.

           The Olympic Games have seen many
tragedies and triumphs. For example, in the maraphon of 1908, the little
Italian, Dorando Peitri five times in the last part of the race, but
came first – only to be disqualified because spectators helped him over
the finishing line. And in 1936, the famous black American athlete Jesse Ovens
broke six world records in a single day!

          From the first modern Olympics in Athens, when only
fourteen countries participated the Olympics have grown to
include over 140 countries. Gold, silver and bronze medals have gone to
over 8,000 men and women.

Раздел 2

Listen to the text and say why the boys thought
that the old gentleman had won the cat.

You’ve Won!

An old gentleman was very
unhappy about young boys who lived near him. They were always noisy, played the
guitar loudly and sang strange songs. The old gentleman thought they had very
bad manners and didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

One day he was taking a walk in the park
near his home when he saw some young boys standing around a small cat. The old
man went up to the boys and asked them what was happening. One of the boys said
to him: «We are having a competition. We’re telling lies and the one who
tells the biggest one will keep this cat.»

The old gentleman thought that was a good
opportunity to teach the boys good manners and to give them a useful lesson.
So, he said to them: «I’ve never told a lie in my life!» When the
boys heard these words they shouted: «You’ve won! You can take the
cat!»

Listen to the text and say why a short answer is
called a laconic answer.

A Laconic Answer

The Lacons lived in that part of Southern
Greece which was called Laconia. The people who lived there were very brave.
They loved their Motherland and defended it from all the enemies. Everybody
knew that their life was very simple. They tried to follow the laws of their
country and never spoke long. «The shorter the better,» was their
rule. «Never use more words than you need,» was another rule. And
nowadays as you probably know a very short answer is often called a laconic
answer, because the Lacons usually gave such short answers.

In Northern Greece there was a land called
Macedonia. King Philip ruled there. He was not very clever and he was not very
brave, but he wanted to become king of all Greece. So, he collected a great
army and soon he became master of all Greece. Only Laconia was not conquered.
Then King Philip wrote a letter and sent it to the brave Lacons. The letter
said: «If I win the battle with your army, I will become your king and
ruin your great city.»

A few days later an answer was brought back
to him. King Philip found only one word in it. The word was very short, and
that was ‘If’

Now answer
the following questions:

1)    
Where
was Laconia situated?

2)    
What
were the rules of the people who lived in Laconia?

3)    
What
kind of life did the Lacons have?

4)    
Who ruled
Macedonia?

5)    
Where
was Macedonia situated?

6)    
What
did King Philip want?

7)    
What
did he write to the Lacons in his letter?

    
What
answer did he get?

A. Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.

course • court • pitch • ring • rink • track

1   We used to go skating at the ice ……………… every Saturday.

2   Keith had never seen such a large golf ……………… until he went to Scotland.

3   We all met at the basketball ……………… at half past three.

4   It’s called a boxing ………………, but it’s actually square!

5   For the 800 metres race, you have to run round the ……………… twice.

6   The football match had to be called off because the ……………… was flooded.

7   Our team ……………… until half time, but in the second half the other team ……………… three goals, and so they ……………… us. But it was a great match!

bat • stick • rod • racket

8   Adrian got a new fishing ……………… for his birthday.

9   Can I borrow your tennis ………………?

10   Why are hockey ……………… such a strange shape?

11   I’d spend hours putting linseed oil on my cricket ……………… to keep the wood strong.

Answers

1 rink   2 course   3 court   4 ring   5 track   6 pitch

7 was winning/scored/beat   8 rod   9 racket

10 sticks   11 bat(s)

B. Circle the correct word or phrase.

1   The umpire / referee blew the whistle and the most important football match I’ve ever played began.

2   We used to play rugby in the winter term, football in the spring term, and we’d do athletics / sport and swimming in the summer term.

3   Do you fancy a game / play of cards?

4   I only do magic tricks for fun. I’ve never thought of becoming an amateur / a professional magician.

5   The play was so boring, we walked out during half time / the interval.

6   Coventry City equalled /drew 3-3 with Sunderland in the match last Saturday.

7   Spectators / Viewers who watched last week’s programme will remember we were looking at the history of baseball.

8   We got through to the final / finale, but then lost to Cirencester.

9   Most people prefer films which have a happy end / ending.

10   Would all opponents / competitors please make their way to the starting line?

Answers

1 referee   2 athletics   3 game   4 professional

5 the interval   6 drew   7 Viewers   8 final

9 ending   10 competitors

C. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.

1   I don’t know how you can stand getting up so early to go to the pool.   put

      I don’t know how you can …………………………………… up so early to go to the pool.

2   I’ve finally started sorting out my postcard collection.   round

      I’ve finally …………………………………… sorting out my postcard collection.

3   What did you do at the weekend?   get

      What did you …………………………………… at the weekend?

4   I’m not so keen on skiing now I’ve discovered snowboarding.   gone

      I’ve …………………………………… since I discovered snowboarding.

5   Why do you continue to have riding lessons if you can’t afford them?   on

      Why do you …………………………………… riding lessons if you can’t afford them?

6   We can’t delay the match any longer.   put

      We can’t …………………………………… any longer.

Answers

1 put up with getting

2 got round to

3 get up to

4 gone off skiing

5 carry on having

6 put (off) the match (off)

D. Write one word in each gap.

1   Tony never used to want to join ……………… with the other kids in the playground.

2   Look ………………! There’s a car coming!

3   Simone’s ……………… to wearing a helmet whenever she goes cycling.

4   I was thinking of taking ……………… scuba diving until I found out how expensive the equipment is.

5   They were knocked ……………… in the semi-final.

6   Maybe we should bring the meeting ……………… to this Tuesday instead of having it in two weeks’ time.

7   Becca had to pull ……………… of the race when she sprained her ankle.

8   Melissa doesn’t ……………… in for adventure sports.

Answers

1 in   2 out   3 taken   4 up   5 out   6 forward   7 out   8 go

E. Choose the correct answer.

1   Why don’t you …………… a go? It’s not difficult!

        A make         B have

        C do              D set

2   Carl wasn’t very good at mountain climbing as he’s afraid of …………… .

        A highs         B highness

        C heights      D height

3   There’s little …………… of our getting into the final.

        A opportunity

        B chance

        C luck            D fortune

4   Rachel is mad …………… the Eurovision Song Contest.

        A from          B against

        C for              D about

5   Just …………… your best – that’s all anyone can ask of you.

        A do              B make

        C be               D have

6   It’s …………… time you learned to swim.

        A big             B tall

        C high           D far

7   Grandma …………… a lot of pleasure from gardening.

        A does          B has

        C makes       D gets

8   …………… your time – don’t rush.

        A Tell            B Find

        C Spend        D Take

9   Each player takes it …………… turn to roll the dice.

        A on              B in

        C at               D to

10   Time …………… so quickly when you’re doing something enjoyable.

        A takes         B spends

        C passes       D finds

11   Our new coach is popular …………… the whole team.

        A for             B to

        C by               D with

12   She’d …………… hours lying on her bed, reading.

        A spend        B take

        C make         D pass

13   He’d been planning to leave the team the …………… time, and hadn’t told anyone.

        A complete  B whole

        C total          D full

14   I’m not siding …………… her because she’s my sister, but because she’s right.

        A from          B for

        C to               D with

Answers

1 E   2 C   3 B   4 D   5 A   6 C   7 D

8 D   9 B   10 C   11 D   12 A   13 B   14 D

F. Match to make sentences.

1   I’m not very fond

2   She’s interested

3   You should concentrate

4   I used to find it difficult

5   Let’s listen

6   We stopped

7   The bad weather stopped us

A   in playing for the school team.

B   to find enough time to have any hobbies.

C   to try to find the golf balls we’d lost.

D   of playing in goal.

E   from finishing the game.

F   to what the coach thinks first.

G   on getting fit.

Answers

1 D   2 A   3 G   4 B   5 F   6 C   7 E

G. Water has damaged part of this text about sport at school. Read it and decide what you think each of the original words was. Write the words in the blank spaces.

Sport at school

I used to wear glasses when I was at school, and so I (1) ……………… sport very difficult. I wanted to be involved (2) ……………… school sports competitions, and I loved the idea of teams competing (3) ……………… each other, but being on the rugby team, for example, (4) ……………… having to take off my glasses, and that meant (5) ……………… I couldn’t see! And it’s difficult (6) ……………… catch a ball when you can’t see it! So, I wasn’t very good and the captains always (7) ……………… sure that I wasn’t on their team. This meant I (8) ……………… free to do other activities, like being on the debating team, and actually I preferred to (9) ……………… things I was good at doing (10) ……………… than have everyone laugh at me.

Answers

1 found   2 in   3 against/with   4 involved/meant

5 that   6 to   7 made   8 was   9 do   10 rather

H. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.

1   I need to buy a new pair of ……………………. (TRAIN).

2   Ellie used to ……………………. (PRACTICE) for hours to learn to juggle properly.

3   That was the most ……………………. (INTEREST) book I’ve ever read. I can’t wait for the sequel!

4   Would you describe yourself as a ……………………. (COMPETE) person?

5   Many professional basketball players earn a ……………………. (FORTUNE) these days.

6   F.A. stands for Football ……………………. (ASSOCIATE).

7   The gold, silver and bronze ……………………. (MEDAL) took their places on the podium for the presentation ceremony.

8   In Britain, the money parents give their children is often called pocket money. In America, it’s often called an ……………………. (ALLOW).

9   I’m afraid the swimming pool is closed at the moment as they’re carrying out some essential ……………………. (MAINTAIN).

Answers

1 trainers   2 practise   3 interesting   4 competitive

5 fortune   6 Association   7 medallists   8 allowance

9 maintenance

I. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.

A snooker player speaks

When I first started playing snooker, I had no real (1) ……………………. (KNOW) of the rules. I just thought it looked an (2) ……………………. (ENJOY) game. Also, I didn’t need to buy any expensive (3) ……………………. (EQUIP) because the snooker hall near my house had tables and cues. I spent (4) ……………………. (PRACTICAL) all the free time I had practising, and then decided to enter a (5) ……………………. (COMPETE). It was great fun! My (6) ……………………. (OPPOSE) was someone who’d been playing for years. Of course, he beat me, but the fact that I’d (7) ……………………. (LOSE) didn’t put me off at all. And, (8) ……………………. (FORTUNE), my game improved enough for me to become a professional snooker player three years ago.

Answers

1 knowledge   2 enjoyable   3 equipment

4 practically   5 competition   6 opponent

7 lost   8 fortunately

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Страница 108 из 167

Ответы к странице 115 

7e. Writing Skills — Навыки письма

6. Find the correct linking words/phrases. — Найдите корректное слово-связку/фразу.

Ответ:

1. One point in favour of/Some people claim that banning violent TV programmes is that viewers may begin to identify themselves with the aggressive characters. Consequently/ On the other hand, they may become violent themselves. — Один аргумент за запрещение телевизионных программ, наполненных насилием, это то, что зрители могут начать идентифицировать себя с агрессивными персонажами. Следовательно, они сами могут стать жестокими.
2. The main advantage of/Many people are against young people travelling in groups at night is that they are a lot safer. As a result/However, fewer youngsters will become victims of street crime. — Главное преимущество того, что молодые люди ходят ночью группами в том, что так им намного безопаснее. Как результат, меньше молодых людей станут жертвами уличных преступлений.
3. Some people believe that/This is why motorcycles should be banned from motorways because they are too dangerous. In particular/In this way, the number of deaths due to motorcycle accidents is extremely high. — Некоторые считают, что мотоциклы следует запретить на автомагистралях, поскольку они слишком опасны. В частности, число погибших в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий с участием мотоциклов чрезвычайно велико.

7. Read the sentences (1-2) and find the phrases that are used to express an opinion. What is the writer’s opinion in the essay in Ex. 2? Which phrase is used to express it? — Прочитайте предложения (1-2) и найдите фразы, которые используются, чтобы выразить мнение. Какое мнение автора в эссе в упражнении 2? Какие фразы используются, чтобы выразить его?

Ответ:

1. I am totally opposed to installing CCTV cameras in every school and workplace. — Я категорически против установки камер видеонаблюдения в каждой школе и производственном помещении.
2. I am very much in support of banning smoking in all public places. — Я абсолютно согласен с запретом курения в общественных местах.
Дополнительный ответ:

That the phrase «I strongly believe» is used to express the writer’s opinion in the essay in Ex.2. It helps to express the opinion that parents should decide which games children play and that violent games shouldn’t be banned. — Что фраза «Я твердо верю» используется для выражения мнения автора в эссе в упражнении 2. Эта фраза помогает выразить мнение, что родители должны решать, в какие игры играть детям, и что жестокие игры не должны быть запрещены.

8. Read the rubric and find the key words. What do you have to write and in what style? What are the two sides of the argument? — Прочитайте рубрику и найдите ключевые слова. Что вам нужно написать и в каком стиле? Каковы две стороны аргументации?

Your school newspaper has asked for essays discussing the arguments for and against banning violent sports. Write your essay (180-220 words). — Ваша школьная газета попросила написать эссе, в котором обсуждались бы аргументы за и против запрещения жестоких видов спорта. Напишите эссе (180-220 слов)

Ответ:

Ключевые слова: essays, for and against arguments, banning violent sports

I have to write an essay. It should be written in a formal style. One side of the argument states that violent sports are unacceptable and should be banned. The other side states that the existence of these sports can be justified; therefore they should not be banned. — Я должен написать эссе. Оно должно быть написано в официальном стиле. С одной стороны, утверждается, что жестокие виды спорта неприемлемы и должны быть запрещены. С другой стороны утверждается, что существование таких видов спорта может быть оправдано; поэтому их не следует запрещать.

9А. Match the arguments against banning violent sports with the arguments for. — Сопоставьте аргументы против запрещения жестоких видов спорта с аргументами за их запрещение.

Ответ:

1. People who take part in violent sports risk serious injury or death. — c) Safety standards can be improved. — Лица, принимающие участие в жестоких видах спорта, рискуют получить серьезные увечья или погибнуть. — Стандарты безопасности могут быть улучшены.
2. Playing violent sports makes people more aggressive. — a) Violent sports are an outlet for aggression. — Занятия жестокими видами спорта делают людей более агрессивными. — Жестокие виды спорта служат для выплеска агрессии.
3. Violent sports do not uphold moral standards. — b) Violent sports are purely contests of strength and will. — Жестокие виды спорта не отвечают моральным нормам. — Жестокие виды спорта являются исключительно состязанием силы и воли.

9В. Match the justifications/examples (I-VI) to arguments 1-3 (for) and arguments a-c (against). — Сопоставьте подтверждения/примеры (I-VI) с аргументами 1-3 (за) и аргументами а-с (против).

I) Aggressive behaviour learnt on-field carries over to conflicts outside the world of sport. — Агрессивное поведение, которое культивируется на поле, приводит к конфликтам за пределами спорта.
II) They are barbaric and express the worst side of human nature. — Они варварские и выражают худшую сторону человеческой природы.
III) Testing yourself in this way is vital to a person’s all-round development. — Испытание самого себя таким способом жизненно важно для всестороннего развития человека.
IV) They are a healthy way to let off steam. — Это здоровый способ выпустить пар.
V) More protective clothing can be used. — Может быть использовано больше защитной амуниции.
VI) Many young boxers are seriously injured every year. — Многие молодые боксеры ежегодно получают серьезные травмы.

Ответ: Вам нужно сопоставить пункты, обозначенные римскими цифрами с пунктами из предыдущего упражнения, обозначенными арабскими цифрами и буквами.

Arguments for — Аргументы за запрет

People who take part in violent sports risk serious injury or death. — Лица, принимающие участие в жестоких видах спорта, рискуют получить серьезные увечья или погибнуть.
VI) Many young boxers are seriously injured every year. — Многие молодые боксеры ежегодно получают серьезные травмы.
Playing violent sports makes people more aggressive. — Занятия жестокими видами спорта делают людей более агрессивными
I) Aggressive behaviour learnt on-field carries over to conflicts outside the world of sport. — Агрессивное поведение, которое культивируется на поле, приводит к конфликтам за пределами спорта.
Violent sports do not uphold moral standards. — Жестокие виды спорта не отвечают моральным нормам.
II) They are barbaric and express the worst side of human nature. — Они варварские и выражают худшую сторону человеческой природы.

Arguments against — Аргументы против запрета.

a) Violent sports are an outlet for aggression. — Жестокие виды спорта служат для выплеска агрессии.
IV) They are a healthy way to let off steam. — Это здоровый способ выпустить пар.
b) Violent sports are purely contests of strength and will. — Жестокие виды спорта являются исключительно состязанием силы и воли.
III) Testing yourself in this way is vital to a person’s all-round development. — Испытание самого себя таким способом жизненно важно для всестороннего развития человека.
c) Safety standards can be improved. — Стандарты безопасности могут быть улучшены.
V) More protective clothing can be used. — Может быть использовано больше защитной амуниции.

10. Use your answers from Ex. 9 and the plan below to write your essay (180-220 words). Make sure you start each main body paragraph with a topic sentence. — Используйте свои ответы из упражнения 9 и план, чтобы написать эссе (180-220 слов). Убедитесь, что вы начинаете каждый абзац основной части текста с ключевого предложения.

Возможный ответ:

Many sports can be considered violent. But almost all of them are extremely popular all over the world. Should violent sports be banned or are they a necessary part of human nature?

Firstly, violent sports can have a direct effect on health. People who take part in violent sports risk serious injury or death. For example, many young boxers are seriously injured every year. On the other hand, all contact sports are strongly regulated and have high safety standards that can be further improved. In particular, more protective clothing can be used.

Secondly, violent sports are linked to people behaviour issues. Some critics believe that playing violent sports makes people more aggressive. Consequently, aggressive behaviour learnt on-field carries over to conflicts outside the world of sport. In contrast, others reckon violent sports are an outlet for aggression. Playing them people can easily let off steam without great negative consequences.

Finally, every kind of sport has its own history and moral aspects. People in favour of banning say that violent sports do not uphold moral standards. These kinds of sport are barbaric and express the worst side of human nature. However, there are other opinions that state violent sports are purely contests of strength and will. And nothing more. Back in ancient Greece, when, for example, boxing became an Olympic sport, people believed that testing themselves in this way was vital to a person’s all-round development.

All in all, there are arguments both for and against the banning of violent sports. I strongly believe that there are no «violent» sports but only «tough» sports. And that is the difference. No one boxer, football or hockey player has the aim to hurt the opponent but only to compete, exceed and win. Tough sports don’t express the worst side of human nature but natural human merits such as speed, endurance, strength, agility, skill level and physicality. That is why I am totally opposed to banning tough sports.

Многие виды спорта считаются жестокими. Но почти все они безумно популярны во всем миру. Следует ли запретить жестокие виды спорта или они являются неотъемлемой частью человеческой природы?

Во-первых, жестокие виды спорта могут оказывать непосредственное воздействие на здоровье. Люди, участвующие в жестоких видах спорта, рискуют получить серьезные травмы или умереть. Например, многие молодые боксеры ежегодно получают серьёзные травмы. С другой стороны, все контактные виды спорта строго регламентированы и имеют высокие стандарты безопасности, которые могут быть еще больше улучшены. В частности, можно использовать еще больше защитной амуниции.

Во-вторых, жестокие виды спорта связаны с вопросами поведения людей. Некоторые критики считают, что занятия жестокими видами спорта делают людей более агрессивными. Следовательно, агрессивное поведение, которое культивируется на поле, приводит к конфликтам за пределами спорта. Напротив, другие считают, что жестокие виды спорта служат для выплеска агрессии. Играя в них, люди могут легко выпустить пар без больших негативных последствий.

Наконец, каждый вид спорта имеет свою собственную историю и моральные аспекты. Люди, выступающие за запрет, говорят, что жестокие виды спорта не отвечают моральным нормам. Эти виды спорта являются варварскими и отражают наихудшую сторону человеческой природы. Однако существуют и другие мнения о том, что жестокие виды спорта — это просто борьба за силу и волю. И ничего больше. В Древней Греции, когда, например, бокс стал олимпийским видом спорта, люди считали, что испытание себя таким образом имеет жизненно важное значение для всестороннего развития человека.

В целом имеются аргументы как за, так и против запрещения жестоких видов спорта. Я твердо верю, что нет «жестоких» видов спорта, но есть только «жесткие» виды спорта. И в этом как раз и разница. Ни один боксер, футболист или хоккеист не ставит перед собой цели причинить вред противнику, а только соревноваться, превзойти и победить. Жесткие виды спорта выражают не худшие проявления человеческой природы, но естественные человеческие качества, такие как скорость, выносливость, сила, ловкость, уровень мастерства и физическую мощь. Вот почему я категорически против запрета жестких видов спорта.

1. Complete the sports venues with the words below. Then use six of them to label the photos.

basketball      bowling      boxing      court      football      golf

ice      room      studio      swimming      track      wall

1   ……………………… alley

2   ……………………… course

3   athletics ………………………

4   ……………………… rink

5   tennis ………………………

6   ……………………… ring

7   ……………………… court

8   dance ………………………

9   climbing ………………………

10   ……………………… pitch

11   weights ………………………

12   ……………………… pool

Answer

1 bowling   2 golf   3 track   4 ice   5 court   6 boxing

7 basketball   8 studio   9 wall   10 football   11 room

12 swimming

a weights room   b bowling alley   c golf course

d climbing wall   e athletics track   f ice rink

2. Match the words to make more compound nouns. Use each word only once.

1   mountain

2   flood

3   main

4   sea

5   tennis

6   safety

7   tower

a   road

b   block

c   net

d   range

e   player

f   shore

g   lights

Answer

1 d   2 g   3 a   4 f   5 e   6 c   7 b

3. Complete the table with compound nouns from exercise 1 and 2. Write two in column A, three in column B and four in column C.

A adjective + noun	B -ing form + noun
…………………………… ……………………………	…………………………… …………………………… ……………………………
C noun + noun
………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………

Answer

A adjective + noun   main road

B -ing form + noun (any three of:)   bowling alley, boxing ring, climbing wall, swimming pool

C noun + noun (any four of:)   golf course, athletics track, ice rink, tennis court, basketball court, dance studio, football pitch, weights room, mountain range, floodlights, sea shore, tennis player, safety net, tower block

4. Complete the compound adjectives in the sentences with the words below.

25      air      full      open      sound      well

1   It’s an amazing house. There’s a ………………………-sized bowling alley in the basement!

2   There’s also a new ………………………-air swimming pool in the garden.

3   Is it healthy to spend all day in ………………………-conditioned offices?

4   The gym has a ………………………-equipped weights room.

5   She reached the top of the ………………………-metre climbing wall in less than a minute.

6   They record the podcasts in a ………………………proof room.

Answer

1 full   2 open   3 air   4 well   5 25   6 sound

VOCAB BOOST!

Many compound adjectives are not in the dictionary because they are formed from other words. When you come across a new compound adjective, you need to work out the meaning by look at the words which form it.

a three-wheeled motorbike = a motorbike with three wheels

a well-drawn picture = a picture which has been drawn well

5. Read the Vocab boost! box. Then complete the second part of each sentence with an explanation.

1   A three-headed monster is a monster with three heads.

2   A man-eating lion is a lion ……………………………………….

3   A million-dollar apartment is an apartment ……………………………………….

4   A five-storey house is a house ……………………………………….

5   A well-prepared students is a student ……………………………………….

Answer

2 which eats men   3 which costs a million dollars

4 with five storeys   5 who has prepared well

Extra exercises

1. Complete the sentences with compound nouns.

1   Do you have to be a member of the club to play on their golf ……………………………?

2   The new world champion ran around the athletics …………………………… as the crowd stood up and cheered.

3   The main …………………………… to the stadium is closed to traffic on the days when there’s a match.

4   Last Saturday, we played a few games at the bowling …………………………… before going out for dinner.

5   We don’t often go skiing as the nearest mountain …………………………… is over 300 km away.

6   They’re building a new ice ……………………………, so we’ll be able to go skating in the future.

7   The match has been cancelled because the football …………………………… is flooded.

Answer

1 course   2 track   3 road   4 alley   5 range

6 rink   7 pitch

2. Match the words in A and B to form compound adjectives. Then complete the sentences.

A     air      open      six      solar      sound      well

B     air      conditioned      equipped      heated      lane      proof

1   On Friday mornings, there’s an …………………………… market in the square, where you can buy fresh fruit and vegetables.

2   It was a relief to enter the …………………………… building after walking around in the heat outside.

3   There’s always a lot of traffic on the …………………………… motorway leading to the city centre.

4   The band are looking for a …………………………… room where they can practise without disturbing anyong.

5   The hotel has a …………………………… gym with a wide range of different machines.

6   The water in their …………………………… swimming pool never goes below a certain temperature.

Answer

1 open-air   2 air-conditioned   3 six-lane

4 soundproof   5 well-equipped   6 solar-heated

3. Replace the underlined words with the words below.

agree      choice      like      overall      prefer to      settled

1   I think karting is a better option because it looks more fun.

     ……………………………………….

2   In general, the first activity would be better.

     ……………………………………….

3   I quite fancy the first activity. ……………………………………….

4   We need to make a decision together. ……………………………………….

5   That’s decided then. ……………………………………….

6   I’d rather go climbing than kayaking. ……………………………………….

Answer

1 choice   2 Overall   3 like   4 agree   5 settled   6 prefer to