This word comes from the ancient latin word

The Italian language is a fascinating mix of words and expressions that represent its culture and history. Think of food, opera, design, fashion, and the arts. Simply sit back and reflect on the astonishing influence Italian culture has had on music, opera, and literature. Mozart composed most of his operas in Italian, rather than German. Not surprising when you consider that the most important composers of the Renaissance and Baroque periods were Italian and most musical terminology is still in their language.

Each language has unique words which often reflect its culture. Italian is no exception as we will see from the list of 17 words which cannot really be directly translated into English.

1. Culaccino

Italian cuisine has a fine reputation which is widely recognized. Many food words reflect this. “Culaccino” is used to describe the mark left by a glass on the tablecloth, because it is wet or stained.

2. Abbiocco

Still on food. Have you ever felt rather drowsy after a full meal? When you succumb to that sleepy feeling, you have the “abbiocco”. Just mutter it as you drift into that snooze.

3. Boh!

This is the most wonderful word of all and takes up so little space and time. It has various nuances which wander aimlessly between “I don’t know” to “I have no idea” or “I don’t know and what kind of idiot are you to ask me why/how I would know the answer to that!”

4. Ciofeca

How on earth can you describe a poor quality and badly prepared drink, such as coffee? Italians will have none of this and their word “ciofeca” sums all that up in one word. Why on earth would you want to spend more words in describing a lousy coffee? It sounds horrible and it is!

5. Furbo

This can be roughly translated as person who is crafty, sly or devious. But there is something missing. The Italian word contains an element of criticism or warning but also reflects a certain admiration in how they manage to carry it off, be successful and get away with it!

6. Pantofolaio

Imagine trying to find one English word which describes a person who loafs around at home and rarely goes out? “Pantofolaio” describes this person perfectly as “pantofole” is the Italian word for slippers.

7. Salapuzio

Do you ever meet a rather short man who happens to be a know-it-all? He may be rather unpleasant and may even be lewd. “Salapuzio” is the word you need. This word comes from the Latin word “salaputium.”

8. Faloppone

Think of a person who never finishes anything, is self-important, and is full of empty promises. The Italian word “faloppone” expresses this very neatly. Now, I wonder why Italians often use this word to describe politicians?

9. Gattara

This can be roughly translated as a cat lady but that does not go far enough. Cat lady may simply refer to a cat lover who has one or more cats at home. This Italian word usually means an older lady who wanders the streets, looks after stray cats, and spends most of her time, energy and money on looking after them.

10. Rocambolesco

This is really a borrowed word from the French one, rocambolesque. The word comes from a character called Rocambole who was a daring adventurer, invented by the author Pierre Alexis Ponson du Terrail. When you want to describe an adventure or event that was daring, epic, fantastic, gripping, and incredible, then “rocambolesco” is perfect.

11. Meriggiare

This word suits the Italian climate perfectly. “Meriggiare” means to rest in the shade on a very hot day. It is actually the title of the poem, Meriggiare by Eugenio Montale.

12. Magari

A wonderful word with many uses and meanings. It can mean a banal “I wish” but is more often used to express the idea of hope, longing and wishful thinking in the sense “If only it were true” as one dreams of fortune, wealth, and happiness. It is also used to introduce diplomatic advice so you use it at the beginning of the sentence when suggesting a little more or less pepper would have made the pasta ideal. Its origin is from the ancient Greek word “makarie” which means those lucky people who can.

13. Menfreghista

This word is used for those people who couldn’t give a damn about anything or anyone else. The Italian expression for “I don’t care” is “Non me ne frega.” So, when you want to describe a person who has this awful attitude, he or she is a “menefreghista.” There is nothing as neat as that in English.

14. Qualunquismo

Perhaps this is the negative version of whatever, but refers to an attitude of distrust, scepticism and apathy in politics. Its origin is traced back to a political movement (Fronte dell’Uomo Qualunque) founded after World War II in Italy. It was supposedly apolitical and proposed an alternative to left and right political policies at the time.

15. Cornuto

This is a word which means having horns and is used to describe a horned animal. But its use in contemporary Italian more often refers to a person who is being cheated on. The nearest English equivalent is the rather Shakespearian word “cuckolded” but nobody uses that now.

16. Gibigianna

If you say this word softly, it helps you to visualize its meaning – the flash of reflected light on water. Just one word to convey that beautiful scene. It also has a figurative meaning as in a woman who wants to flaunt her charms or dazzle you with her elegance.

17. Apericena

When you have an aperitif you whet your appetite before a meal, Why not go one step further and enjoy some delicious samples of food in readiness for dinner (cena)? This is an “apericena” and many bars offer them free of charge, maybe in the hope you will order a second drink.

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Пожалуйста, переведите этот текст SCIENCE The word «science» comes from the Latin word «scientia», which means «knowledge».

Scientists make observations and collect facts in field they work in.

Then they arrange facts orderly and try to express the connection between the facts and try to work out theories.

Then they have to prove the facts or theory correct and make sufficient and sound evidence.

So scientific knowledge is always growing and improving.

Science has great influence on our life.

It provides with base of modern technology, materials, sources of power and so on.

Modern science and technology have changed our life in many different ways.

During the present century our life changed greatly.

Thanks to radio and television we can do a great number of jobs ; it was radio and TV that made it possible to photograph the dark side of the moon and to talk with the first cosmonaut while he was orbiting the Earth.

The word «rebus» comes from the Latin res (thing) and denotes representation of names, words and phrases by a images, figures, composition of letters, etc. This word came from the Latin phrase «Non verbis sed rebus», which means «Without words, but with the help of things».

Each of us certainly met with rebuses in everyday life. Undoubtedly, the most famous and popular puzzle looks like this : i ♥ u ( pronounced «I Love You»). Thus, in the modern sense, is a rebus puzzle, consisting of images of objects ( drawings in combination with other compositions and alphabetic characters ), congruent with the words or parts of words. Several puzzles can be combined into a single picture or in a sequence of patterns in order to create a phrase or sentence. In the literature for the preparation of proposals Rebus used letters, numbers, musical notes, or specially arranged words. Puzzles can transmit direct meaning of the words, mainly to inform or instruct the illiterate people, either intentionally obscure their meaning to inform only the initiated. However, most often used as a rebus puzzles and entertainment.

Using primitive images to convey information formed the basis of the earliest writing systems ancient Egyptian culture ( line 4th and 3rd millennia BC). The earliest form of rebus occurs in picturesque letter in which abstract words that are difficult to image, subjects were presented with images whose names were pronounced the same way. Later picture puzzles used to transmit the names of cities in the Greek and Roman coins. Puzzles remained popular in the Middle Ages — they appear on buildings or objects of ownership, to refer to generic names.

Practice to use as puzzles or riddles jokes originated in XV century France. Originally called rebus special kind of farce performances containing libels that clowns in Picardy amused people annually during the carnival. In allegorical form comedians ridiculed the vices and weaknesses of the mighty. Their performances authors gave the Latin name «De rebus quae geruntur», ie «One Day» (literally «on the cases which are being done»)

In English grammar, a root is a word or portion of a word from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. By learning root words, you can decipher unfamiliar words, expand your vocabulary, and become a better English speaker. 

The Roots of Words

Most words in the English language are based on words from ancient Greek and Latin. The root of the word «vocabulary,» for example, is ​voc, a Latin root meaning «word» or «name.» This root also appears in such words as «advocacy,» «convocation,» «evocative,» «vocal,» and «vowel.» By dissecting words such as these, etymologists can study how a word has evolved over time and tell us about the cultures they came from.

In some cases, root words might be slightly transformed en route to becoming part of words that we’re familiar with. In the above example, «vowel» is a word that’s clearly related to the voc root and its family of derivative words, and yet the «c» in «voc» is not present. There are several reasons for this sort of pattern, and the changes often depend on what language each individual word comes from, but it serves as a reminder that not every word with the same root will look exactly the same.

Root words are also useful for creating new words, especially in technology and medicine, where new innovations occur frequently. Think of the Greek root word tele, which means «far,» and inventions that traverse long distances, such as the telegraph, telephone, and television. The word «technology» itself is a combination of two other Greek root words, techne, meaning «skill» or «art,» and logos, or «study.»

Because several modern languages share some of the same ancestor languages, it’s not entirely uncommon for several related languages to share root words. For instance, the Latin root voc, described above, is shared by several Romance languages. Connections between languages can be found in the shared roots between them, although one always has to be wary of false cognates — that is, words that sound like they have the same roots (and thus related meanings) but actually don’t.

Greek Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Greek roots.

Latin Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Latin roots.

​Understanding the meanings of the common word roots can help us deduce the meanings of new words that we encounter. But be careful: root words can have more than one meaning as well as various shades of meaning. In addition, words that look similar may derive from different roots.

In addition, a handful of root words can stand on their own as whole words in and of themselves. This list includes words such as photo, kinesis, chrome, port, and script. Words like this tend to have related meanings on their own, then can also act as roots for longer, more complex words.

Sources

• Bryant, Alice, and Robbins, Jill. «Grow Your Vocabulary by Learning Root Words.» VOANews.com, 28 November 2017.
• Grammarly staff. «Why You Should Learn Roots.» Grammarly.com, 6 February 2016.
• McCammon, Ellen. «50 GRE Words You Should Know.» PrepScholar.com, 8 February 2017.