This is the main word

English verb — English verbs: classification and table for easy memorization

Among the independent parts of speech, great importance is usually given to the verb, since the meaning of the said or written phrase largely depends on its form and structure.

English verbs have quite a few grammatical categories, which include person, number, tense, kind, voice and mood. In addition, these parts of speech also differ in the complexity of their construction, correctness and incorrectness, transitivity and intransitivity, and in several other ways.

Therefore, in order to understand what a verb is in English, it is important to describe all these categories in more detail.

By morphological structure

By the type of construction they distinguish simple verbs (go, read, think) derivatives (simplify, strengthen, captivate), complex (broadcast, daydream, overtake) and compound (give up, sit down, look through). As you can see, simple verbs are monosyllabic, that is, they consist of one morpheme, they are short and undeveloped in terms of structure.

Morphemes appear in the derivative words, which serve as the means of forming this part of speech; as a rule, these are suffixes. Compound verbs usually consist of two grammatical stems, that is, they are polysyllabic, and compound verbs, as it becomes clear from their name, consist of two words, and most often one of them is a preposition.

Such structures are called phrasal structures, and their meaning does not always coincide with the apparent meaning at first glance.

In terms of syntactic function

According to their meaning and role in the sentence, English verbs can be semantic, service, and also linking verbs.

The essence of semantic verbs is to convey the basic meaning; they do not require the use of additional words and are independent (write, live, ask).

Auxiliary verbs in English — those that have lost their original meaning and perform exclusively grammatical function, without conveying any meaning.

Linking verbs in English are necessary in order to link parts of a sentence structurally. They have also lost their original meaning and are usually part of the predicate (to be, get, turn).

Ex: get bored, turn pale

Note: to be is often a bunch; however, it can also be an auxiliary verb, used, for example, to express tense.

A separate group is occupied by modal words, which, despite their independence, cannot be used separately and require an infinitive with them. Such words are can, should, must, may, dare, etc.

Person and number of the English verb

Like a noun, a verb in English has categories of person and number. Despite the fact that the grammar of the English language significantly reduces the possibilities of expressing these signs in the part of speech that reflects the action, there are still special features here.

For example, in order to understand how to determine the number of a verb, you can recall that the ending -s (-es) appears in the 3rd person singular in Present Indefinite. There is no other way to distinguish between singular and plural. In the same way, the presence of the same third party can be determined.

In addition, to be also has special structures: as you know, in the present tense it has three forms that differ in face (am, is, are), and in the past — two, and the difference is already in the number (was, were).

Personal and non-personal forms

There are special types of verbs in English called personal and impersonal forms. So, personal are those who are able to express the number and face. These are usually standard structures that convey familiar meaning.

In addition, these words have categories of tense (present, past, future), voice (real and passive) and mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive). The impersonal includes the infinitive, gerund and participle.

These structures have a special status in the English language and are formed and used differently.

Basic forms of the verb

Source: https://mcenglish.ru/grammar/glagol-v-anglijskom-yazyke

Basic irregular verbs in English

As you know, knowledge of tenses in English, and indeed of all English grammar, is based on English irregular verbs. You need to learn the forms of irregular verbs. Learning verbs in alphabetical order, as they are given in the dictionary, is incorrect and ineffective.

It is easier to do this by breaking the verbs into groups — 1st way or by memorizing short quatrains with verb forms — 2nd way. In this article, you will learn about the first method of memorization, which is based on the basic patterns of irregular verb forms, which greatly facilitates the entire memorization process.

But he will get acquainted with the second method and learn irregular verbs in poetry (you can here)

So ALL Irregular Verbs are divided into TWO GROUPS:

T- group (in most cases at the end they have -t; the second and third match
form, ex. send — sent — sent)

N — group (the second and third forms are different; in the third form at the end -n (-en),
ex. break — broke — brokon)

* * *

I. Forms of irregular verbs (T-group):

(From the book «English grammar: simply about the complex». Nabeeva T.V.)

Subgroup: [i:] — [e] 1) meet — met — met — meet 2) feed — fed — fed 3) lead — led — led — lead to 4) read — read — read — read 5) mean — meant — meant — to mean, to keep in mind6) dream — dreamt — dreamt — to dream, to dream7) feel — felt — felt — to feel8) sleep — slept — slept — to sleep9) keep — kept — kept — keep (at home), store10) sweep — swept — swept — sweep

11) leave — left — left — to leave, leave from, leave

Subgroup: short vowel + [t] 12) spend — spent — spent — spend time, spend money13) send — sent — sent — send14) lend — lent — lent — lend15) build — built — built — build16) burn — burnt — burnt — to burn 17) learn — learned — learnt — to learn something, to learn

18) hear — heard — heard (excl) — hear

Subgroup: ght19) buy — bought — bought — buy20) bring — brought — brought — bring21) fight — fought — fought — fight, fight 22) catch — caught — caught — catch, catch 23) teach — taught — taught — teach someone

24) think — thought — thought — think

Mixed verbs: 25) make — made — made — to do 26) run — ran — run — to run 27) fall — fell — fallen — to fall

28) shine — shone — shone — to shine

Further, it is recommended to undergo training on working out the forms of these verbs with the consolidation of the basic colloquial speech structures — Training No. 1

* * *

II. Irregular verb forms (N-group):

29) be — was / were — been — to be
30) see — saw — seen — see

31) go — went — gone [gon] — go 32) do — did — done [dʌn] — do

33) win — won — won [wʌn] — to win, to win

34) take — took — taken
35) shake — shook — shaken — shake

36) eat — ate — eaten — there is
37) beat — beat — beaten — to beat

The subgroup of verbs that change like the verb GROW: 38) grow — grew — grown — to grow, to grow 39) throw — threw — thrown — to throw 40) fly — flew — flown — to fly 41) blow — blew — blown — to blow 42) know — knew [nju: ] — known — 43) show — showed — shown — show

44) draw [o:] — drew — drawn [dro: n] — draw

The subgroup of verbs that change like the verb WEAR: 45) wear — wore — worn — to wear (clothes)

46) tear — tore — torn — to tear

A subgroup of verbs that change like the HIDE verb: 47) hide — hid — hidden — hide

48) bite — bit — bitten — to bite

The subgroup of verbs that change like the verb WRITE: 49) write — wrote — written — 50) ride — rode — ridden — ride

51) drive — drove — driven

A subgroup of verbs with changing vowels: [i] — [æ] — [Ʌ] 52) begin [i] — began [æ] — begun [Ʌ] — begin 53) swim — swam — swum — swim 54) drink — drank — drunk — 55) sing — sang — sung — sing

56) ring — rang — rung — ring

* * *

 III. Other irregular verbs:

57) choose — chose — chosen — choose 58) freeze — froze — frozen — freeze 59) speak — spoke — spoken — speak 60) wake — woke — woken — wake up

61) break — broke — broken

62) get — got — got (ten) is deprecated. get, get, get
63) forget — forgot — forgotten — forget

64) give — gave — given — give
65) forgive — forgave — forgiven — forgive

66) come — came — come — come
67) become — became — become — become

68) stand — stood — stood — stand up
69) understand — understood — understood — understand

70) find — found — found — find
71) wind — wound — wound — wind up (clock)

72) have — had — had — to have
73) sit — sat — sat — sit down

74) sell — sold — sold — sell
75) tell — told — told — tell

76) say — said [sed] — said [sed] — say
77) pay — paid — paid — pay

* * *

IV. Irregular verbs that do not change:

78) shut — shut — shut — close 79) cut — cut — cut — cut 80) set — set — set — go down (about the sun) 81) let — let — let — allow 82) put — put — put [put] — put, put, put 83) hurt — hurt — hurt — hurt, hurt, hurt84) shoot — shot — shot — shoot85) bet — bet — bet — bet86) hit — hit — hit — hit87) cost — cost — cost — cost

88) lose — lost — lost — to lose, to lose

If you learn these irregular verbs — total 88, then this will be enough even at an advanced level of knowledge of the English language. Get down to business!

   Copyright: englishinn.ru

Source: http://englishinn.ru/osnovnyie-nepravilnyie-glagolyi-v-angliyskom-yazyike.html

How to Learn English Verbs: Ways and Tips

One of the most difficult elements of the English language is irregular verbs. Memorizing the forms of these verbs is difficult, but necessary. How to learn English verbs without spending a lot of time and energy on cramming? There are several methods for this, which we will talk about in this article.

How to learn English verbs and why it is difficult

When learning English at school, children are usually given a list of basic irregular verbs (about 30 pieces) and asked to memorize. It is supposed to learn 5-10 words a day until the list ends.

Children find it difficult to memorize forms, constant repetition gets bored, and as a result, the craving for learning often fades away. As a maximum, they can memorize the sound of verb forms (for example, «buy — bot — bot») and play it «automatically».

Moreover, in most cases there are problems with the correct spelling of these words and their translation.

To check if the students have mastered the material well, the teacher usually calls them to the blackboard and asks certain questions. Either you need to restore the first one according to the third form of the verb, or continue the series after hearing the infinitive. The emphasis is on ensuring that children immediately reproduce all forms of a particular verb.

It all ends with the fact that many from school forever memorize the forms of several common English verbs, but do not always remember their meaning.

In schools and even in universities, they almost never think about how easy it is to learn English verbs, discovering patterns in the way they are formed.

If you look closely at these words, you will notice that there are some similarities. And there are a number of methods to help you memorize irregular verbs faster and easier.

Read the material on the topic: Predictable in English: types, rules, examples

How to learn English irregular verbs with flashcards

It is best to write on cards by hand to activate motor memory. Thanks to this, a certain «image» of the desired word is created in the head. Be sure to write down the transcription as well so you know how the word is pronounced. Cards can be designed like this:

• the verb form in the present tense with transcription — on the front side (for example: begin [bɪ ‘gɪn]);

Source: https://www.englishpatient.org/articles/kak-viuchit-anglijskie-glagoly

The verb in English — general information

English verb Is a part of speech that denotes an action or state of an object or person, and it is also the most frightening part of speech. When they talk about the difficulties of the English language, they most often mean the terrible table of verb tenses, in which there are as many as 20 of them (tenses).

In fact, everything is much simpler, here 3 facts about the English verbthat will cheer you up:

1. The English verb has 3 tenses, not 20: past, present, future.
2. The English verb compares favorably with its French, Spanish, Russian counterparts in that it has almost no different endings required for memorization.
3. Having dealt with the verb, you will 80% solve for yourself the problem of “Grammar of the English language”, because the verb is the basis of speech.

:

Classification of English verbs

Verbs in English are divided by structure and meaning.

Classification of verbs

Classification of verbs by structure:

• Simple — consist of a base without prefixes and suffixes: to bake (oven), to leave (to leave).
• Derivatives — formed with the help of prefixes and suffixes (see «Word formation»): to mislead (mislead), to recharge (recharge).
• Complex — consist of two bases: to proofread (proofread, check).
• Phrasal — consist of a verb + adverb preposition: to turn out (to turn out), to look up (to find in the dictionary).

There are separate articles about phrasal verbs:

• 140 phrasal verbs
• Test for knowledge of phrasal verbs.

Classification of verbs by meaning:

• Semantic verbs — independent verbs with their own meaning denote an action, a state. The vast majority of verbs in English are semantic.
• Service verbs — non-independent verbs, do not have their own meaning, serve to form various grammatical forms. These include:
  • Linking verbs — used in the formation of complex forms: to be (to be), to become (to become), etc.
  • Auxiliary verbs — are used when constructing a compound predicate: to be (to be), to do (to do), to have (to have), will (used to construct the future tense), etc.
  • Modal verbs — do not denote the action itself, but the speaker’s attitude to the action: can (to be able), should (should), etc. Read more about modal verbs in this article: “Modal verbs in English”.

Note: some service verbs can be used as semantic ones, for example, to be, to do, to have.

Three basic forms of the verb

The English verb has three basic forms. There are some discrepancies in the names of these forms, they are often called simply the first, second and third.

• First form: the initial form of the verb, this is how you see the verb in the dictionary: go, sleep, work, love, etc. Other synonyms: indefinite form of the verb, dictionary form, infinitive (meaning the infinitive without the particle to).
• Second form: past indefinite time. For regular verbs, it is formed with an ending -ed: started, handed, noticed

Source: https://langformula.ru/english-grammar/verb/

Regular and Irregular Verbs in English

All verbs (verbs) in English are divided into regular (regular) and irregular (irregular).

Regular verbs form the past tense form (Past Simple) and the past participle (third form) using the ending –Ed, and for irregular verbs this form must be memorized.

Rules for adding the ending -ed (spelling)

1. More often than not, we just add –Ed to the word stem:

   work — worked
   borrow — borrowed

2. If a verb ends with a letter ethen we just add the letter -D in the end:

   invitede — invited
   agreese — agreed

3. If a verb ends in a consonant preceded by a short stressed vowel (a like [æ]; e like [e]; u like [ʌ]; i like [ɪ]; o like [ɔ]), then the consonant is doubled:

   stop — stopped
   pat-patted

   But! The ultimate x does not double:

   mix-mexed
   willingx-relaxed

4. If the verb ends in -l, then, according to the rules of British spelling, it also doubles:

   beaml — travelled
   quarrel — quarreled

   However, according to the rules of American spelling, doubling does not occur.
5. If the verb ends in –R and the last syllable is stressed, then the final r doubles:

   prefer — preferred

6. If the verb ends in ybefore which there is a consonant, then y changes to i:

   study — studied
   timey — tidied

7. However, if before y there is a vowel, then nothing changes:

   Play — played
   stay — stayed

End reading rules

End –Ed can be read as / t /, / d / and / id /.

1. If the verb ends in a voiceless consonant, then the ending is read as / t /:

   wash — washed [wɔʃt]
   — d [laɪkt]

2. If the verb ends in a voiced consonant or vowel, then the ending is read as / d /:

   play — played [pleɪd]
   happen — happened [ˈhæpənd]

3. If the verb ends in t or dthen the ending is read as / id /:

   want — wanted [wɔntid]
   found — founded [faʊndid]

The table below describes the rules for reading the ending –Ed depending on the sound that the indefinite form of the verb ends in. Note that the pronunciation of the ending –Ed depends on the sound that precedes it, not on the letter! For example, the word fax ends with the letter «x«, But the sound is [s], and the word ends with the letter»e“, But the sound is [k].

The sound that ends in «form I» of a verb Example of a verb Example of a verb with the ending -ed The ending -ed reads

Deaf	[t]	want	Wanted	[id]
Voiced	[d]	end	ended
Deaf	[p]	hope	photoshoped	[t]
[f]	laugh	laughed
[s]	fax	faxed
[ʃ]	wash	washed
[tʃ]	watch	watched
[k]	d
Voiced	All other sounds, for example:	play	played	[d]
allow	許可された
beg	started

Source: https://www.start2study.ru/english-grammar/regular-irregular-verbs/

Grammar rules for English verbs

The key center of each language, on the basis of which all vocabulary, phonetics and phonetics are based, is grammar. Therefore, when studying a foreign language from scratch, a beginner, sooner or later, must study the rules for the formation of phonemes, words, sentences of a text in order to understand the structure of the language and determine the consistent patterns of formation of a particular linguistic unit.

Rules for using English verbs

Studying English grammar rules, you will have to learn the laws of using English verbs. And this side of the English language is a headache for many beginners, so many articles have been written on this topic, designed to explain the basics of English grammar in the most accessible way. And today we will look at irregular and modal verbs, and their tenses.

So, in English, words expressing a state of attitude or action, depending on the classification criteria, can be correct and incorrect, auxiliary, semantic and connectives, modal, correct and incorrect, with personal and impersonal forms. They have many types of temporal configurations, collaterals, and inclinations. But first things first.

• Времена
  • Modality category

Времена

We get to a very important and urgently needed topic — the use of the system of English times. Why this problem is so important is clear to everyone: the present tense alone cannot satisfy all the demands of speech. But the extraordinary difficulty of mastering this topic for Russian-speakers is an indisputable fact.

We know that verbs mean certain things. But these phenomena are correlated with the events taking place now, or which have already happened — recently or long ago, or which will only happen soon or later. This is where it becomes necessary to introduce a system of times in order to distinguish the chronology of actions. Each language has its own times system, English has 12 times!

Tenses in English

In fact, there are 3 basic types of times, as in Russian: past, present and future. But in each of them there are 4 more forms:

• Indefinite or Simple — common, simple, repeatable. Represents an action as a fact
• Continuous — continued. Describes the action as a kind of process
• Perfect — just completed. Represents an event that ended before a certain point in relation to the past, present and future
• Perfect continuous — ongoing and completed. Describes an action that began earlier and continues to this day, or that has recently ended

To make it clearer for you. Download and study the table of formation and use of tenses.

Download English Verb Tenses.pdf

Continue

Modality category

You already know that modals are semi-semantic verbs that show not the event itself, but a subjective attitude towards it: must, wants, maybe, must, etc. Such words, together with the initial form, form a modal predicate according to the scheme:

Noun + Modal Statement + Infinitive.

Example: You + want to + sing.

In this case, the infinitive can be in any form: He was apparently dreaming.

There are also 12 modals in English, although some of them have equivalents. You will see this by examining the table. However, only two modal relations — «need» and «ought», add the part «to» inherited from the infinitive. In sentences of negation, modal verbs change the ending to «not» or «n’t»: shouldn’t — do not worry.

In interrogative words, modal words take the place of the subject at the beginning of the sentence and replace the service verb, and the subject moves to its place: Can you bring (Can) this instrument? In short response sentences, they also replace official ones: Yes, I can! And in impersonal forms they are not used at all.

Explore modal relationships in detail by downloading the Modal-Verb Tables.pdf

Wrong

Well, here we come to the rules for the use and formation of irregular verbs. The past tense form and the past participle form in these words are not formed according to traditional rules. Other forms may follow certain laws. For example, 3 liters. units h. and the participle in the present.

The number of exceptions also includes defective (insufficient) verbs, which in some moods and tenses lack any conjugations: may / might, may / might, etc. These words originated from Old English or were borrowed from other languages, and retained their own spelling … These are some of the most widely used words, so you need to learn them.

Download 100 Irregular Verbs

Some Irregular verbs can be divided into classes according to the type of education:

• Change in the root of a vowel and the acquisition of the sound [ɔ:]: buy — bought, seek — sought
• Vowel root change and sound acquisition [ɔu]: choose — chose — chosen
• Do not change: bid — bid, hurt — hurt, shed — shed.

It is recommended to teach them in the same order. For convenience, write them down on cards and repeat them at every free minute.

Grammar is one of the most difficult aspects of learning a foreign language. It’s impossible to learn all the rules. Even a native speaker cannot learn all grammatical categories. But knowing the basic laws of creating sentences and words is necessary in order to be able to convey your thoughts correctly when writing or speaking.

I wish you a great mood and success!

It is easy to understand the tenses of the English verb

Source: https://englishfull.ru/grammatika/pravila-glagolov.html

English verbs

Keys to Exercise

We speak the truth about the verb

The verb is probably the hardest part of speech in English — so many people think. And, in general, sometimes it is not clear: where does the British get the fantasy of inventing the future in the past tense?
But, without a verb — nowhere! And if you look closely, then he is not so scary.

Verb Is a part of speech that denotes an action or state of a person or object. And he answers a very philosophical question: «what to do?» «what did you do?» or «what will he do?»
In English, there are 2 types of verbs.

1. Action verbs, which in turn are divided into transitive verbs: raise — raise; punish — to punish (smb., sm.)

и intransitive verbs:

walk — to walk, sleep — to sleep

Transitive verbs characterized by the presence of a direct object — the object to which the action of the verb is directed (transferred), intransitives may not have such an object.

2. Linking verbs, which rather convey a state than express some kind of action: to be — to be to become — to become

to seem — to seem, etc.

Various forms of the verb can be formed from dictionary form (basic) is the form that is indicated in the dictionary: respect — respect perceive — perceive

There is also infinitive or infinitive (it coincides with the dictionary form, but is used with the particle to). Verb in infinitive answers the questions: what to do? what to do?

to respect to perceive The indefinite form is used in cases when the verb expresses an independent syntactic unit, different from the predicate. For example:

His main job is to respond to customer requests. — His main job is to respond to customer inquiries.

How to distinguish a verb in a sentence

In Russian, verbs have a specific feature: they all end in -t… English verbs do not have such a specific feature, so they can be confused with other parts of speech: to work — to work; work — work

to water — to water; water — water.

In order to determine the verb in the sentence, it is necessary to very carefully compare all the signs. This can be the order of words in the sentence and the presence of other, so to speak, more explicit verbs:
He never saw her Cry… — He never saw her cried. Compare:

Here Cry was loud and lingering, it has blown up the sky as a shell. — Her cry was loud and drawn out, it blew up the sky like a projectile.

Particle to with an indefinite form also helps to «see» or «hear» the verb:
There are several ways to define the verb in a sentence. — There are several ways identify verb in a sentence.
There are other signs, but we will touch on them in the section on verb tenses.

Conjugation of verbs

The dictionary form can have the following endings:
-s: give — to give; he gives — He gives
-ing: do — to do; doing — do, do, do, do
-ed: produce — produce; produced — produced, produced, produced, produced

End -s used to form the third person singular present tense (somehow a lot). Once again, the third person singular is: he, she, it or he, she, it (OOO — in other words).

Ending —ed used to form a simple past tense form. For example:
They gathered for the feast — they gathered to the feast. Endings -ing и -ed also used to form present and past participles (but we’ll talk about this in the section on participles).

Reflexive verbs

A feature of the English verb is that, unlike the Russian, there is no expressed concept reflexive verb.

For example, in Russian we say: wash if you need to wash someone (or something), or washif you need to wash yourself.

This is not the case in English, but there are ways to express reactive action:

Using reflexive pronouns: yourself, himself, etc.:
She wrapped herself with a long robe. — She wrapped up in a long robe.

Using a verb in an intransitive sense:
The robber voluntary surrenders to the authorities. — Robber give up authorities voluntarily.

Using the transitive passive verb:
Our ship is located in the main port now. — Our ship now is at the main port.

Keys to Exercise Listening Grammar in a Robe  

Source: https://audio-class.ru/grammar/verb.php

The verb in English: definition, classification, forms, examples / The english verb

> English grammar> English verb

Here you can find The english verb.

Verb (the verb)

1. A verb is a part of speech that denotes an action or state of an object or person.
In English, the sign of a verb in an indefinite form (infinitive) is the particle to.

2. By their structure, verbs are divided into:
Simple ones consisting of only one root:

to fire — shoot; light to order — order to read — read

to play — play

Derivatives consisting of a root and a prefix, from a root and a suffix, or from a root, a prefix and a suffix:

to unpack — to unpack to dismiss — to dismiss, let go to gealizе — to imagine to shorten — to shorten (to)

to regenerate — to be reborn, reborn

Complex, consisting of two stems (most often the stem of a noun or adjective and the stem of a verb):

to broadcast (broad + cast) — broadcast by radio
to whitewash (white + wash) — whiten

Compound, consisting of a verb stem and an adverb or a preposition:

to carry out — carry out
to sit down — sit down

3. By meaning, verbs are divided into semantic and service ones.
Semantic verbs have an independent meaning, express an action or state:

Lomonosov as a poet and scientist played a great role in the formation of the Russian literary language.
As a poet and scientist, Lomonosov played a huge role in the creation of the Russian literary language.

Service verbs have no independent meaning and are used to form complex forms of a verb or a compound predicate. They are the conjugated element of the predicate and in its forms a person, number and time are expressed. These include:

a. Linking verbs to be to be, to become to become, to remain to remain, to grow to become,
to get, to turn to become, to look to look, to keep persist.

Every man is the maker of his own fortune.
Each person is the creator of his own destiny.

b. Auxiliary verbs to be, to do, to have, to let, shall, will (should, would):

The kitchen was supplied with every convenience, and there was even a bath-room, a luxury the Gerhardts had never enjoyed before.
The kitchen had all the amenities; there was even a bathroom — a luxury the Gerhardts had never had before.

c. Modal verbs can, may, must, ought, need:

He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.
Whoever loves fruit should climb a tree (to pick). (Do you like to ride — love to carry sleds.)

4. All forms of the verb in English are divided into personal and impersonal.

Personal forms of the verb express tense, person, number, mood. They perform the function of a predicate in a sentence. All forms of the times of the active and passive voice (indicative and subjunctive mood) belong to personal forms:

Source: https://www.homeenglish.ru/Grammarverb.htm

The use of the infinitive in English

In a sentence, the infinitive can act as different members of the sentence, except for the simple predicate. Let us consider by examples the use of the infinitive as part of a compound predicate, in the function of the subject, addition, definition and circumstance.

Subject infinitive

As a subject, the infinitive is at the beginning of a sentence, before the predicate. In this case, as a rule, it is translated into Russian either by an indefinite form of the verb or by a noun. This use of the infinitive is more typical for written speech.

To be or not to be, that is the question. — To be or not to be — that is the question.

To smoke is harmful. — Smoking is harmful (Smoking is harmful).

Infinitive as part of a compound predicate

As part of a compound verb predicate, the infinitive is used with modal verbs.

He should give her some money. “He should give her some money.

you ought to decide it now. “You should decide this now.

As part of a compound nominal predicate, the infinitive follows the linking verb to be (am, is, are, was, were, etc.), while the Russian language can be translated “means, that is”.

Our aim is to speak English. — Our goal is to speak English. (Our goal is to speak English.)

Using the infinitive as a complement

In the role of a complement, the infinitive comes after the predicate or adjective verb. It is usually translated into Russian into an indefinite form of the verb. As a direct object, the infinitive is used very often, but not after any verb.

There are a lot of verbs followed by an infinitive. Let’s list the most used:

allow (let), agree (agree), arranges (negotiate, organize), ask (ask, ask) Appear (seem), aim (seek), begin (start off), bother (worry), which (worry, worry) keep on going (continue), claim (assert, declare), choose (decide, prefer), decides (decide), demand (demand),  desire (want), deserve (deserve), expect (hope), unbelievable fail (fail) forget (forget), hate (hate), bite (happen, turn out) hesitate (hesitate, hesitate) hope (hope), intended (intend), (like), love (be in love), learn (learn to), manage (work out) mean (mean), offer (suggest), plan (to plan), I prefer (prefer), promise (promise), prepare (cook, cook), pretend

Source: https://myefe.ru/reference/verbs/infinitive/infinitive-functions

Table of irregular verbs. How to learn?

Pre-Intermediate

In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun goes in the same form — with the ending —ed — or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs with the ending —ed… In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.

You cannot add to them — EDsince in the past tense, these verbs are completely changed.

This is exactly what we observe with do. In the past tense it is not done (as it should be according to the rule), and didBecause do Is an irregular verb.

So how do you know if a verb is correct or not?

Here a little «female» logic will help us: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. The ones not on this list are correct. But the catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). Nevertheless, the list of verbs necessary in everyday life is not so extensive — almost 2 times less. First of all, you need to know them.

How to remember irregular verbs?

 Repeat aloud the 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered — like a rhyme! Or print a book for fast memorization of irregular verbs (instruction).

Table of irregular verbs with translations

TABLE.

Currently,Past tenseCommunionTransfer

1.awake	wow	awoken	wake
2.be	was, were	Been	be
3.beat	beat	beaten	beat
4.become	was	Become	become
5.begin	began	began	start off
6.bend	bent	bent	bend, bend over
7.bite	bit	bits	bite
8.blow	blew	blown	blow
9.break	broke	broken	break
10.bring	Brought	Brought	bring
11. broadcast	Broadcast	Broadcast	broadcast
12.build	built	built	build
13.burn	burned / burnt	burned / burnt	burn, burn
14.buy	bought	bought	buy
15.catch	caught	caught	catch
16.choose	chose	chosen	choose
17. come	came	like	to come
18. cost	cost	cost	cost
19.cut	cut	cut	cut
20.dig	arc	arc	копать
21. do	did	done	делать
22. draw	drew	draw	1.draw 2.pull
23. dream	dreamed / dreamt	dreamed / dreamt	dream
24. drive	drove	driven	to govern
25.Drink	drank	drunk	drink
26. eat	until	eaten	Yes
27. fall	fell	fallen	fall
28. feel	error	error	feel
29. fight	fought	fought	fight
30. find	found	found	find
31. fly	flew	flown	to fly
32. forget	forgot	Forgotten	forget
33. forgive	forgive	Forgiven	forgive
34. freeze	froze	f	to freeze
35. get	g	air	get
36. give	Gave	Given	to give
37. go	went	gone	go
38. grow	he grew up	grown	grow
39. hang	assault	assault	hang
40. have	HAD	HAD	to have, to have
41. hear	Heard	Heard	hear
42. hide	Hid	hidden	hide
43. hit	hits	hits	strike
44. hold	held	held	Keep
45. hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt
46. ​​keep	kept	kept	keep
47. know	Knew	Known	know
48. lay	laid	laid	lay
49. lead	ice	ice	lead
50. learn	learned / learnt	learned / learnt	Учить
51. leave	left	left	leave
52. lend	slow	slow	lend
53. let	flight	flight	let
54. lie	lay	lain	to lie
55. lose	lost	lost	lose
56. make	made	made	делать
57. mean	meant	meant	mean
58. meet	with	with	meet
59. pay	paid	paid	to pay
60. put	put	put	lay
61. read	read	read	читать
62. ride	rode	ride	to ride
63. ring	rank	tion	to call
64. rise	Pink	the rice	to rise
65. run	ran	run	escape
66. say	said	said	say
67. see	saw	seen	see
68. sell	sold	sold	sell
69.send	sent	sent	to send
70.show	Showed	showed / shown	show
71. shut	shut	shut	close
72. sing	blood	Sung	sing
73. sit	village	village	sit
74. sleep	sleep	sleep	sleep
75. speak	Spoke	spoken	talk
76. spend	spelt	spelt	spend
77. stand	stands	stands	stand
78. swim	swam	swum	to swim
79. take	took	tasks	take
80. teach	taught	taught	teach
81. tear	regularly	Torn	to tear
82. tell	told	told	tell
83. think	thought	thought	think
84.throw	threw	thrown	throw
85.understand	understood	understood	understand
86. wake	Woke	woken	wake up
87. wear	Wore	worn	wear
88. win	won	won	win
89. write	wrote	written	write

Download the table of irregular verbs of the English language

Source: https://www.learnathome.ru/grammar/irregular-verbs.html

Compound verbs in English: meaning, form, structure

›Verbs› Grammar of the Verb ›Compound Verbs in English: Classification, Examples, Tables

English grammar is not the most attractive thing for beginners. And, thanks to this unwillingness to learn the complex laws of a foreign language, many newfangled methods have been formed about studying spoken English without understanding grammatical norms.

But in fact, this is just a beautiful deception: even spoken language is built on the basis of grammar.

And today we can easily prove this by analyzing an important part of both grammar and colloquial speech, namely, compound verbs in English, they are also famous phrasal combinations.

Grammar of english verbs

Before moving on to special cases, it is necessary to form a general idea of ​​what the classification of verbs looks like in English. There are several grammatical criteria for what English verbs are.

Value

Everyone knows that verbs denote actions or states. However, this part of speech is not always an independent grammatical unit. According to this observation, English verbs are divided into two types.

Independent	System Tools
Complete lexical and grammatical units, carriers of a certain semantic meaning.	Auxiliary elements that are necessary to build a composite predicate, but do not have a full designation of actions or states.

In other words, service verbs only help to build a complex verb structure, while losing their dictionary meaning.

• I am going to translate this article — I’m going to translate this article.

In this case, the verb am (the original form to be) does not carry the meaning «is, to exist», but is just an auxiliary element. In addition to such cases, linkages and modal verbs also belong to service units.

Transitivity

An important criterion associated with the order of words in a sentence and the formation of a passive voice.

The transitive verb in English conveys its meaning to an abstract person or object, therefore it always requires a direct addition after itself (who? What?).

• my father bought a new car — My father bought a new car.

With the help of such verbs, the main emphasis is transferred to the object, so they are able to form passive constructions.

• This car was bought in 2018 — This car was purchased in 2018.

The meaning of an intransitive verb is directly related to the subject, therefore, in such constructions, the addition is optional.

• She is laughing — She is laughing.

However, due to their properties, these verbs cannot be used in passive sentences.

Forms

In addition to the dictionary form (infinitive), each English verb has 3 more forms that allow you to determine the time of the action.

Source: https://speakenglishwell.ru/sostavnye-glagoly-v-anglijskom-yazyke-klassifikatsiya-primery-tablitsy/

Syntactic and morphological parsing of a sentence or text online

Phonetic parsing of a word Parsing of a word by its composition Select cognate words Check uniqueness Check uniqueness of a site + spelling and quality Select synonyms for words Check spelling Recognize Stress a word Play cities

The service allows you to conduct automatic free syntactic and morphological parsing of a sentence or text online.

The service highlights the members of the sentence: subject, predicate, definition, addition, circumstance, above each word morphological information about the part of speech for a given word is given. When using the service, keep in mind that the correctness of parsing at the moment is about 80%, so the presented result should be thoroughly checked.

In the comments you can indicate the errors found, we will try to fix them

The letters E and E (two different letters), the presence of spelling and punctuation errors in the text affect the parsing result.

The results are stored for 7 days (save the address of the page with the parsing of your proposal).

Syntax concept

Syntax studies the structure of the text, the relationship between parts of speech, sentences and phrases. What are the specific topics covered by the syntax?

1. Correct construction and correct composition of sentences, as well as phrases.

2. Consideration of connecting words within syntactic units.

3. Topics related to syntactic units, their main role in the language.

4. Determination of the main and secondary members of the sentence, emphasis on the grammatical basis.

If we turn to the creation of the science of syntax, then we will have to delve into the 19th century. And the very prerequisites for the appearance of the term «syntax» appeared in the distant ancient world. People accepted parsing as something that could clarify a sentence and a long phrase. Over time, the syntax helped to parse not only individual parts, but also whole texts.

Understanding Sentence Parsing

All our speech is based on words that we constantly collect in one sentence. In order to understand the meaning, idea and message, it is important to conduct an analysis. So, in each passage there are special constituent parts.

Parsing includes the ability to find and highlight the main points in the text, while understanding exactly what each sentence is. It is divided into simple and complex. In addition, it is important to consider what type of connection is in the text. For example, there is coordination, control or adjoining.

Usually, for this, the main word is established, by which the meaning of the syntax is determined. Then, according to the rule, the time, mood, characters and the number of main members are determined.

Sentence members: subject, predicate, definition, circumstance, object

If there was no division into certain names, then it would be impossible to understand the essence of the syntax in speech at all. But, the Russian language was lucky. Here is everything you need to parse.

1. Subject. The main member of the sentence, without which our speech literally does not exist. It can be either an inanimate object or an ordinary living person. The only two questions that the subjects answer are «Who?» and what?».

   Often used as the subject of speech, it is a noun or a pronoun. It is necessary to highlight on the letter with one indissoluble line. See an example: my cat is very fond of milk. In this sentence, the subject will be the word «cat», expressed by an ordinary female noun.

   Or this example: he loves pizza and seafood. And here the male pronoun «he» will become the subject.

2. Predicate. Another important member of the proposal, which must be underlined with two inseparable lines. The main question that the predicate answers is «What to do?» and «What to do?», «What is?», «Who is he / What is he?» As a rule, in 80% of cases the predicate is a verb, i.e. action. For example: Mom loves flowers. In this sentence, the word «loves» is a predicate, since it is an action.

3. Addition. An important member in a proposal, but not the main one. On the contrary, addition is secondary. It refers to a subject that answers the question «What?» or «Who?» in the accusative case. Such a basis is underlined by a dotted line. Look: I am writing a letter, listening to a song. The word «song» will be a complement, since it is this word that answers the question of the accusative case.

4. Circumstance. An auxiliary part in the text, important for filling and colorful speech. There would be no given item — it would be boring, believe me. So, a circumstance is a quality, a feature that answers the question «Where?», «Why?», «When?», «How?» And here’s an example arrived in time: we left for Paris. Look, it wouldn’t be interesting to know that people just left. It is much more important to find out the information exactly where the direction was. Hence we find the circumstance «to Paris», which answers the question «Where?»

5. Definition. In order for the speech to be colorful, multifaceted, not boring and different, it is important to include definitions. They answer the question «What?», «What?». Often in speech, the definition is expressed by an adjective, i.e. part of speech that describes the subject inside and out. Take a look at an example: animals live in the deep jungle. The word «dense» is just a definition, since it answers the question «Which one?» helps to more specifically imagine and understand what exactly the jungle is.

How to parse a simple and complex sentence

To make it clearer, let’s take a few examples.

Parsing a simple sentence

1. Alexei was awarded a medal for courage, courage and heroism shown in fierce battles during the Great Patriotic War.

First, determine the basics in the sentence: the first part is the main one, since the main predicate is present here, and the second is a subordinate clause that complements what is said at the very beginning. The structure of the sentence is affirmative, declarative. There is no exclamation in terms of emotional connotation. Considering the basics, the proposal is simple, two-part and widespread. There is a complication here, which is highlighted with a comma — as you can see, the second part is clearly expressed by the participial phrase.

Parsing a complex sentence

1. Yesterday the English teacher didn’t write down the homework, the whole class didn’t do anything for today’s lesson.

Pay attention to the sentence, there is a narrative in it, i.e. contains a certain fact, a mini message. Judging by the emotional coloring, there is no exclamation. Having counted the grammatical foundations, we conclude that there are two of them. This means that the proposal is complex. Look: in the first part the basis of the word «the teacher did not write down», and in the second — «we did not do». There are no unions here either, which means that it is non-union, but with a comma that separates two important parts.

Here’s a good example of what the parsing of the two types of sentences looks like. We are taught in school the same way, just over time everything is forgotten.

Order of parsing

We are taught in different ways where to start the analysis. Someone thinks that it is a priority to give a general description of the proposal. Others, on the contrary, are of the opinion that it is important to define all the parts in the sentence, and only then proceed to the main characterization. It is best to compose the more correct option into a small memo, so that it will be more convenient for you to use it later.

1. To get started, read the original sentence carefully with a simple pencil in hand, determining what the purpose of the statement is.

2. After that, look carefully at the intonation, which is always written at the very end (question mark or exclamation point).

3. Now, find the composition of the sentence by highlighting the base with a pencil. It can be either a simple or a complex sentence.

4. See if there is a means of communication between the parts, i.e. unions that connect two parts.

5. Are there any minor members. If so, the proposal is considered widespread, i.e. includes different parts of speech.

6. If possible, find the revolutions. They are participles and participles.

It’s so easy to understand what parsing is. In fact, all this is not difficult if you learn and understand the execution algorithm. Remember how in the classroom we were often «chased» and forced to do our homework on syntax every time. Having filled his hand, each student will analyze the proposal in a matter of minutes and present it to the class.

And one more thing: never be afraid of big texts. Yes, they are equipped with huge basics, descriptions, moments and punctuation marks, but so they are colorful! We are more willing to imagine something in detail than a dry five-word sentence. So, don’t panic when you see a sentence that is full of basics and parts of speech.

But the parsing will turn out to be cumbersome, but as open as possible.

Morphological analysis of the word

Morphological parsing of a word is understood as a complete grammatical characteristic of a particular word form. In the course of this process, it is necessary to clearly determine to which part of speech the analyzed word must be attributed, what are its constant and variable features, and also in which form it should be used. In addition, the role of the word in a given sentence is determined.

Only words that are presented in a certain sentence are subject to morphological analysis. This is of great importance, since the spread of homonymy of forms, as well as parts of speech, is characteristic of the Russian language. It is almost impossible to give a correct description of a word that is presented in isolation, out of context.

The importance of morphological parsing of the word lies in the fact that grammatical categories are mastered faster, and they also become easily distinguishable in the process of practical activity.

When performing morphological parsing, you need to remember that not every word is characterized by the presence of a standard set of categories. In addition, it may be difficult to clearly identify a particular category.

Despite the fact that there are discrepancies in the field of morphological parsing of words, general requirements have been developed at the moment. First of all, you need to follow a clear algorithm. Subject to the established requirements, it is much easier to carry out morphological analysis of a word. If you deviate from the rules, then this will lead to errors during the analysis, since even the wrong order of parsing will bring chaos into the process.

Actions for morphological parsing of a word are carried out in the following sequence:

1. The word form of the word is recorded, which is analyzed — it should be indicated as it is used in the context, without subjecting it to any changes.

2. The initial form is defined for a word. Each part of speech is characterized by individual rules for bringing words into this form. For example, a noun is characterized by the presence of the nominative case and the singular. As for the verb, the indefinite form is always used here.

3. The grammatical meaning of the analyzed word is indicated as a part of speech. For example, for a noun it will be an object, and for a verb it will be an action.

4. The grammatical categories are defined which are immutable. Such categories are also based on parts of speech. If we consider a noun, then it can be proper and common. In addition, gender, declension, as well as animate and inanimate are used. The verb is characterized by the presence of reflexivity, transitivity, type and conjugation.

5. It is indicated in which form the word is used in the indicated context. The categories that change are determined solely by word form.

6. The syntactic role of the word in the specified sentence is determined. At the same time, this proposal is considered very carefully, since sometimes words perform those functions that are unusual for them. For example, a noun predominantly acts as a subject and object. As for the verb, it can be predicate.

If you adhere to this algorithm exactly, then it becomes much more convenient to carry out morphological analysis of any word. Moreover, it contributes to the high quality of the work performed on the morphological analysis of a particular word.

Source: https://progaonline.com/syntax

Active English verbs

Without verbs, our speech would lose its dynamics. After all, it is this part of speech that is able to convey movement, designate various actions. And those verbs that at the same time designate specific physical actions in the English language are allocated to a special category — active verbs.

Dynamicverbs

Semantic verbs of the English language can be divided into two categories: state verbs и active verbs (also called dynamic verbs). The latter are also called action or event verbs.

This category includes all verbs that denote specific physical actions that someone performs or that occur themselves. This group includes such common verbs as to work (to work), to sit (to sit), to drive (to drive), to go (to go, to walk), to fall (to fall), to appear (to appear), to eat ( is), etc.

That is, these are all verbs that imply a certain dynamics or active actions.

Unlike the other category — state verbs or static verbs (Standsverbs)that convey states and sensations rather than actions, active verbs can be easily visualized or depicted. For example, you can easily imagine someone talking, walking, washing, swinging, or singing.

The actions described by state verbs are not so obvious. It is difficult to say with certainty that a person is currently thinking or remembering or imagining something or wants something. In simple terms, dynamic verbs are verbs of «external» actions, visible and recognizable. And static verbs mean «internal» actions, those that occur at the level of thinking.

Otherness

As you know, one of the main characteristics of verbs in English is time. Active verbs can be used in all tenses of the English language. They can be used both in simple (Simple) and in perfect (Perfect) groups of tenses. The use of verbs in Perfect forms will indicate the completeness of the action.

For example:

Plays — playing

Played — played

Has / had played — played

The characteristic difference between active verbs and most state verbs is that you can use them in a group of long tenses (Continuous). For example, you cannot say I was wanting candies from 3 till 4. But you can easily say I was eating candies for dinner. Thus, any active verb denotes an action that can begin and end or continue in a certain period of time.

But be careful. Certain state verbs in a particular context can denote action verbs. And in this case, they can be used in Continuous.

For example, the verb to think can mean a state verb meaning «to have an opinion.»

I think this is not the best decision. / I suppose this is not the most brilliant solution.

But the same verb can act as an active verb in the meaning of «make a decision.»

We’re thinking about leaving our house and move abroad. / We considered leaving our home and moving abroad.

It is worth recalling that verbs in English play an irreplaceable syntactic role. Unlike the Russian language, in English, without verbs, in principle, it is impossible to make a sentence. Of course, this does not always require action verbs. Often, in order to compose a sentence, the auxiliary verbs to be and to have are enough, which, by the way, can also denote both an action and a state.

For example, the verb to have will be a static verb meaning “to have, to be endowed with something, to have something”.

Source: https://www.wallstreetenglish.ru/blog/aktivnyye-glagoly-angliyskogo-yazyka/

Regular and Irregular English Verbs

I’ll tell you a secret: correct and irregular verbs of the English language are the most «favorite» topic of teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate wished that the most popular and frequently used words in English speech were wrong.

For example, the famous phrase «to be or not to be» also contains just an irregular verb. And that’s the beauty of the British  

Just for a second, imagine how wonderful it would be to add the ending -ed to the main verbs and get the past tense.

And now all English learners are prepared to participate in an exciting attraction — memorizing a convenient table of English irregular verbs with translation and transcription.

1. IRREGULAR VERBS

Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. You won’t have to talk about them for a long time. You just need to reconcile and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to find any logical connection. All that remains is to put a table in front of you and learn how you once memorized the English alphabet.

It’s good that there are verbs where all three forms are the same and pronounced the same way (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written like twins, but pronounced differently (read [ri: d] — read [red] — read [red]).

Just like choosing only the best tea leaves of the best varieties for royal tea drinking, we have collected the most used irregular verbs, sorted them alphabetically, visually conveniently put them in a table — we did everything to make you smile and learn.

In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.

And so that memorization is not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, to begin with, write out all the verbs where the three forms are the same. Then those where the two forms coincide (most of them, by the way). Or, let’s say, learn today a word with the letter «b» (do not think bad), and tomorrow — for another. No fantasy limits for English lovers!

And without leaving the checkout, we offer to pass the test on knowledge of irregular verbs click here.

Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:

• ac
• dh
• kr
• s
• tw
• most used
• the whole list

Source: https://iloveenglish.ru/theory/anglijskaya_grammatika/pravilnie_i_nepravilnie_glagoli_anglijskogo_yazika