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Reddit is a social news website and forum where content is socially curated and promoted by site members through voting. The site name is a play on the words «I read it.»

What does reddit stand for?

REDDIT. Read Every Darn Diddly Internet Thing.

What is another word for Subreddit?

The subreddit is the heart of what makes Reddit…well, Reddit. Sub- is a prefix meaning “under,” so we can imagine subreddits as communities that fall under that broader Reddit umbrella. Subreddits are notated as /r/subreddit name. Users log onto Reddit and receive a news feed from the subreddits they’re subscribed to.

What is reddit used for?

Reddit is a social news platform that allows users to discuss and vote on content that other users have submitted. To help police the site and prevent spammers from bombarding readers, Reddit came up with “karma” points. Users get karma by their comments and links being up-voted by others in the community.

How does reddit detect spam?

reddit has a spam filter designed to detect spam posts and automatically remove them. However, legitimate posts are often caught by the filter. If a few minutes go by and your post isn’t showing up on the new page of the community where you posted, it has probably been caught by the filter.

20 related questions found

There’s a story behind every brand’s logo. For the Reddit brand, legend has it that the smiley mascot, which serves as the design logo, is an alien who came to earth to learn more about people, relate with them, observe them, and also communicate with them. Whether this is true or not is a story for another day. However, we do know that the logo was born out of boredom. History has it that the designer was bored in a marketing class and decided to sketch away boredom. Reddit is a social platform that reflects friendliness, openness, sociability, and valuable information. It is little wonder that the network has millions of users across the globe. Well, let’s explore how the Reddit logo came about, the founders, and how safe the website is. We’ll also highlight Reddit place which is a community built and strengthened by oneness.

The Reddit logo is a stylized alien head that goes by the name “Snoo,” or Reddit’s mascot.  The mascot, called Snoo, travels across time with his oval head, pom-pom ears, and antenna. Aside from his cute smile, there’s so much to this simple logo. Snoo symbolizes the welcoming, chatty atmosphere of the Reddit community. 

Oh, before I forget, the Reddit logo primarily has three colors. These are white, black, and orange. Our guy, Snoo, is white and resting on an orange background (FF4500, PMS 172 C). 

You’ll find the Reddit logo across their premium advertising collateral and merchandise. Sometimes they use the word “Reddit” too.

Reddit Logo Design

The Reddit logo is a simple design that stands out in grand style. Let’s take a look at the primary element of Reddit’s Logo as well as a

#1. The Oval Face

The majority of the Reddit logo consists of a geometric shape, the circle, in its different styles; this includes the head, the eyes, the ears, the tip of the antenna, the body, and even the orange background. What does the circular face mean? The circle represents oneness. This means Reddit is a brand that facilitates communication between individuals and groups. It also symbolizes infinite movement.

#2. Reddit Antenna

The antenna, located at the right head of Snoo, proves that our alien friend hails from another planet and that the dude is a time traveler. What does this mean for Reddit users? It means that users are from different parts of the world. Although the Reddit logo may seem to represent a gender-neutral, abstract human being. The antenna reveals there’s more to it.

#3. The Sly Smile

The next is the sly smile around the mascot’s face. This smile depicts the Reddit mascot’s warmth and openness. Add this single line in orange color adds life to the Reddit logo.

#4. Reddit’s Typography

The Reddot’s typography is all lowercase letters. One thing is certain: It suits the mascot. No one wil deny the fact that Reddit is bold on the logo even though it appears in lowercase letters.

Reddit Logo Colors

There are several firms in the United States that have not changed their color since their inception. Reddit is one of these companies. Reddit’s signature orange, white, and black colors. The truth is, Reddit’s use of color is fitting with its corporate identity, and the choice was wise. 

#1. Orange Color

The eyes in the original Reddit logo had an orange color. After nearly a decade, though, the company decided to give its logo a facelift, and the orange color became more prominent in the background. You’ll see the orange color in the typography includes symbols for the eyes, mouth, background, and tiny circle above the letter ‘i.’

#2. White Color

Reddit has a white face, and this is clearly visible against the orange background. The incorporation of white into its logo conveys purity, modesty, as well as trustworthiness, all qualities associated with the optimistic color white. Reddit’s use of white might evoke feelings of purity, honesty, and openness in its users. 

#3. Black

Both the mascot and the wordmark are black in the original logo. The present logo, however, solely features black in the wordmark. The first logo is more visually appealing since the mascot stands out against the clean white background thanks to the bold black outline.

Who Designed Reddit Logo?

One of the network’s co-founders, Alexis Ohanian, designed the Reddit logo. This idea came about in 2005 at the University of Virginia during a marketing class when he felt disinterested and bored with the material being presented. When Alexis got back to his residence, he pulled out an old PlayStation Portable 5.0 console and used a jailbroken version of it to digitize the sketch he had been working on in his notebook. After a while, a young designer modified the design with his finishing touches.

How Many Logos Has Reddit Used Since Its Inception?

Since its inception in 2005, Reddit has only used two logos. Although they have about three copyright logos, the official trade of Reddit was first incorporated in 2005 and was modified in 2017. However, the first initial is still in use to date.

#1. 2005 – Present

2005 to present simply means this logo is still in use even though the brand now has another logo. It is the first Reddit logo, and the common place you’ll see it is in the Reddit community. The original logo for the news website had both a full-length Snoo and a Reddit message. We see our friendly alien with an oval head, a semi-oval body, semi-circular ears, legs, and arms, and a lengthy antenna in the shape of a circle. The face of Reddit, our dear alien friend, is white with orange eyes. An individual black line defines each section of the body, including his smile. According to Reddit, this smile advocates the willingness to meet new people and make connections.

Alexis Ohanian also used a bold font to write Reddit on the right side of the mascot. Both the write-up and the logo are still in use to date. 

#2. 2017 – Present

Fast forward to 2017, minor adjustments or modifications were made to the 2005 Snoo. However, there are key similarities between the two. The new Reddit logo is still white, but currently on a black background. So if you ask me, this is better. Because its features are more defined, it still has only one head. In 2017, the new Reddit logo still has the face of our dear friend Snoo, but this time, it’s not a full body but a face. He still has his lovely smile, and of course, the antenna.  The bright orange circle in the background matches the hue of the eyes and the smile. The word “Reddit”, now appears to be much smaller. The alien eye from the original design may be seen in the little circle that sits atop the letter “i.” So the modification is really worth it. 

Will Reddit Change Their Logo Soon?

Judging from the fact that it took 12 years to change and make modifications to the first logo, no one can really tell whether they will be changing the logo soon. However, the present logo stands out and still depicts the value, culture, and what Reddit stands for, which is open lines of communication and an understanding of one another’s perspectives among people from all walks of life, we doubt whether the website will be changing their logo anytime soon.

Types of Reddit Logo

Reddit officially has three logos. The first is the Reddit Icon, and watermark, General Snoo, and Custom Snoo. How does each differ from the other?

#1. Reddit Icon and Water Mark

The official logo of Reddit is a stylized version of Snoo’s head inside an Orange-Red circle. As a matter of fact, Reddit and its licensed partners are the only ones permitted to utilize the content commercially. These are the official company graphics, and they should be used in all Reddit links. Reddit can cancel your right to use its trademarks for non-commercial, personal usage at any time. Subreddits whose usage of Reddit’s trademarks breaches this policy (or the Reddit Content Policy) or is deemed improper by Reddit will have their community styling rights revoked. 

#2. General Snoo

The second logo is the Reddit mascot, which is the general Snoo. This gender-neutral alien advocate encourages open lines of communication and an understanding of one another’s perspectives among people from all walks of life. Only Reddit and the licensed partners it has agreed to work with are allowed to make commercial use of the content.

At any time, Reddit reserves the right to revoke your permission to use its trademarks for personal, non-commercial purposes. Subreddits that violate this policy (or the Reddit Content Policy) or whose use of Reddit’s trademarks are deemed inappropriate by Reddit will have their community-style rights withdrawn.

#3. Custom Snoo

A Custom Snoo is a representation of the people who use Reddit and the communities they belong to. They show how different our audience is and what they like and care about. Snoo can wear costumes, but he doesn’t do anything that breaks Reddit’s Content Policy, that most people would find very offensive or upsetting, that defames or insults Reddit, or that Reddit decides isn’t appropriate. Reddit will look at a Snoo that has been changed.

What is the Reddit Mascot Called?

The mascot on the Reddit logo is an alien named Snoo. Although an alien, he travels across time. Snoo has an oval head, pom-pom ears, and an antenna. Anyway, he is just a white figure with antennae and some strange reddish-orange eyes.

What Does Snoo Mean in Reddit?

The short white alien with orange eyes and an antenna represents the social news website Reddit. He is the official of the Reddit Logo. According to Reddit, the name means what is new? 

Is the Reddit Logo Copyrighted?

Yes, it is. The official logo of Reddit is a stylized version of Snoo’s head inside an Orange-Red circle. As a matter of fact, Reddit and its licensed partners are the only ones permitted to utilize the content commercially. These are the official company graphics, and they should be used in all Reddit links. Reddit can cancel your right to use its trademarks for non-commercial, personal usage at any time. Subreddits whose usage of Reddit’s trademarks breaches this policy (or the Reddit Content Policy) or is deemed improper by Reddit will have their community styling rights revoked. 

Can I Use Reddit Logo For Other Things?

Yes, you can. But do remember that the logo is a trademark that is under copyright protection. So you will have to contact them before using their logo by becoming a partner. You can contact them at licensing@reddit.com.

Reddit Corporation

Reddit is an American website where people can share news, rate content, and talk about it. Registered users can add links, text posts, images, and videos to the site, which are then rated by other members.

People who like to post and read the information that has been submitted by other users can actually join this virtual community online. It acts as a social network and has a feature similar to a forum where users can “like” certain things that other users have written.

Is There a Meaning Concealed Within the Word “Reddit”?

Not exactly.  There is no explanation available for the meaning, history, or origin of the word “Reddit.” Nevertheless, we are able to trace it back to the word “read it.”

What is Reddit Really Used For?

We regularly use Reddit as a platform to disseminate our marketing expertise and gain insight from those working in related fields. This platform is an excellent location to network with other professionals in your industry.

Reddit is a website that allows its users to connect with one another in a variety of different ways, including the posting of questions, links, comments, and debates on a range of different topics of interest. Users cast their votes based on how helpful they believe each post is.

Reddit can be used in a variety of different ways, one of which is as a resource for the latest information on breaking events, cultural phenomena, internet memes, and other topics of interest. This is only one of the numerous uses for Reddit. In addition to this, it grants access to specialist online communities, the likes of which may be difficult to find in other places.

Founder

Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian are the original founders of Reddit. However, most people do assume it is Condé Nast. But the company was bought by Condé Nast when it still had three owners. These were Steve Huffman, Alexis Ohanian, and Aaron Swartz

Reddit History: Everyone Has A Begining

In 2005, Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, who were college friends at the time, came up with the idea and started building the first version of Reddit. Huffman and Ohanian, both students at the University of Virginia, spent their spring vacation in Boston, Massachusetts, hearing programmer and entrepreneur Paul Graham speak.

Following Graham’s speech, he spoke with Huffman and Ohanian, inviting them to apply to Y Combinator, the startup incubator, which was one of the programs he operates. 

The Journey Begins

Reddit wasn’t the first project the duo embarked on. Their first project was the concept of letting customers place orders by SMS text message (My Mobile Menu). Unfortunately, this failed woefully. But a failed project is not enough to weaken the duo or kill their vision.

They kept learning, and one day, Graham coined the phrase “first page of the Internet” to describe the concept that emerged during a brainstorming session for a business pitch. Huffman and Ohanian were included in the inaugural class of Y Combinator because of their idea. With help from Y Combinator, [Huffman] developed the site in Common Lisp], and from there, Reddit was released in 2005 with his friend Ohanian. 

Even though the project was successful, there were no users for the sites. Therefore, the duo went back to restrategize and ended up creating hundreds of false users to post on the site.

Swartz is Out

Between November 2005 and January 2006, Aaron Swartz’s company, Infogami, merged with Reddit, and Swartz became an equal owner of the resultant parent company. However, they sold it to Condé Nast Publications on October 31, 2006, for an enormous amount. Swartz left in January of 2007 for an unknown reason, even though he was initially frustrated by the new acquisition.

Reddit Statistic

According to Semrush, Reddit was the 9th most visited website in the world and the 6th most visited website in the U.S.  About 42–49.3% of its users are from the U.S., followed by 7.9–8.2% from the U.K. and 5.2–7.8% from Canada as of March 2023. Twenty-two percent of U.S. adults ages 18 to 29 and 14 percent of U.S. adults ages 30 to 49 regularly use Reddit. 

History of the Reddit Mobile App

Before 2010, Redditors users were required to download an app developed by a third party to access the Red dit website. It is common knowledge that going through a third party can decrease the number of people utilizing your website. Therefore, the team behind Reddit needs to devise strategies for effectively managing reading and navigation on their website. The initial version of their mobile web interface was made available in the year 2010.

A mobile application developed specifically for the Ask Me Anything community on Reddit was released by the company in the year 2014. Within the app itself, users were able to see ongoing AMAs, subscribe to notifications, post questions, and vote on answers to those questions.

In 2014, Reddit made Alien Blue its official app for users of Apple’s iOS platform after purchasing the app. Two years later, in 2014, they launched a second official app, and in 2016, they discontinued the Alien blue service.

Is Reddit Safe?

Good question. The truth is, Reddit is safe, depending on how you use it as well as who is using it. People hold diverse opinions about the safety of the site, depending on their personal views. Let’s consider some of the features as they will help us arrive at a good answer. 

Why Do We Think Reddit Is Safe?

There are several reasons why we can bodily say that Reddit is safe, the following are some of these;

#1. Strict Processes For Hacked Accounts

Generally, Reddit will lock your account and require a password change if they suspect it has been compromised or used in a way that violates their rules of service. This is great as it protects people’s accounts from hackers. However, Reddit will permanently delete your account if they realize you used it in an inappropriate way that endangered the safety of others or damaged the site’s reputation.

This occurs when they are unable to verify the account owner. Additionally, it means that the account was likely created by a third party for malicious objectives, similar to what is seen on social media platforms like Facebook and others.

 #2. Strict Safety Protocols 

There is nothing as cool as being part of an online community without fear. Moreover, Reddit is one of the best platforms that offer strict security measures to protect its users. 

• Your True Identity Stays Hidden, this means Redditors are anonymous. 
• Reddit only requires your username and password to register and use the account. You can decide not to use anything close to your real identity, no one really cares. 
• They do not demand your mail unless you want to release it to them

#3. Has An Age Limit

Reddit will not require you to put your date of birth or current age. However, they have an age limit policy. But their age limit policy is strictly for the age bracket of 13 and below. This is more of parents’ being out of parental control. Unfortunately, a child can claim to be above the age threshold and no one will know. 

#4. Two-Factor Authentication

Reddit uses two-factor authentication to assure users of their safety. So all in all, it’s safe for anyone. While it’s true that Reddit uses two-factor verification, it’s also important to note that it’s only available when you apply for it. 

#5. Reddit Helps To Monitor Your Account For Security Breaches

There are security teams at Reddit that keep an eye on everything that has to do with users’ accounts. Generally, they keep an eye on patterns of behavior and evaluate them against potential dangers. After a warning signal is triggered, they can take corrective measures.

Depending on the result of their findings, they can issue the user a warning, disenable the account, or delete the comment, post, as well as response

#6. Personally Monitor Your Account 

With Reddit, users can easily monitor their accounts. When it comes to protecting your account from hackers, you can take some simple measures that will nevertheless have a significant impact. 

The following steps will guide you in monitoring your account;

• Go to settings, and log in.
• IP address login auditing is possible from that location.
• Take urgent action if you notice an IP address that isn’t associated with a computer you’re currently using or have recently used.
• Be sure the email addresses you’ve supplied are valid and that you change your password immediately.

Why Do We Think Reddit is Not Safe?

The following are some of the reasons why we said Reddit isn’t safe;

#1. Keep a Record Of Your Comment And Chat

When you use a platform like Facebook, once you delete a comment or a post, it’s gone forever. However, Reddit has a record of your chats and comments even when you delete them. They also store more sensitive things like the IP address, the URLs you visit, the settings for your hardware, and your search history. In case they need these to fix tech problems. But you do not have to worry about it, they delete these every 100 days, so you don’t have to worry. 

Why?

• Now, why will they keep a record of people’s personal chats, even after deleting them? There’s a good reason for it.
• Reddit stores chat and comment so that people who use the platform can be safe, should issues arise.
• If someone threatens you or bothers you, you’ll want to know that there’s evidence.
• It’s helpful should a need arise to investigate any issue
• It’s used to figure out what you want based on all the information you’ve given.

Reddit Place

Is there anything like Reddit, knowing it’s an online platform? We’ll find out in a bit. Reddit place, or r/place, is a community activity that allows every user to collectively create works of art by posting a single colored pixel every five minutes. The project has one aim, and that’s to prove that it takes unity, oneness, and, of course, a community to achieve progress.  In its first year, the initiative attracted the participation of over a million Reddit users, who together placed 16 million tiles on the public digital canvas that had been launched as an April Fools’ Day joke in 2017. Although it was shut down in 2017, 5 years is more than enough time to strategize. So yeah, in 2023, Reddit’s place came back bigger and better. Unfortunately, it was shut down a few days later, only to be reopened again. Statistically, more than 2.5 million tiles are placed on Reddit place each hour. Even though it took

How Reddit Place Work

Each user is allowed to place a tile every 5 minutes, and the more tiles are placed, the more the image canvas is built. It is impossible to construct without help, as each player can only place one little tile every five minutes. The five-minute delay limits the ability of any one player to take control of the playing field. To create pixel art, users must instead form cohesive groups and rely on one another’s skills.

Reddit Place Completed Canva Design

The following are some of the complete canvas designs with the subreddit name.

• r/ukrain- Ukrain flags
• r/stewards- Movie poster
• r/trees- Marijuana Leaf
• r/trans- Trans flag and so on

Who Started Reddit Place?

Rumour has it that Josh Wardle was the originator of Reddit place who once worked at Reddit 

What Is Special About Reddit Place?

One of the fascinating things about the Reddit place or community is that it brings people together.” Oneness is great in a world with several differences, and it’s a good thing that something it’s bringing people other. Unfortunately, there are projects that have been abandoned because discord was sown in the midst of it but then, it’s still a great goal. 

Is the Reddit Logo Red or Orange?

Orange, with color code FF4500 or PMS 172 C, is the primary brand color for Reddit. Due to the vibrancy and uniqueness of the hue, it is utilized for the background of the Reddit logo. However, there have been disputes as to the exact color. While some claim it is reddish-orange because it is close to red, others said it’s purely orange and close to brown. 

What is the Reddit Face?

The Reddit face, or logo, is a thick white line drawing of the corporate mascot named Snoo, set on a solid flat circle of reddish-orange color. The mascot has a white oval for a head, ears, and an antenna, and orange for the eyes and lips, making it look like it could be an alien.

What are Reddit Users Called?

Reddit’s users, are generally known as “Redditors”. The y are the ones who post information to the website. The posted information is then voted on and discussed by the community as a whole. The goal is to have highly regarded items appear toward the top of the home page. Users have the ability to voice their opinions regarding the material by clicking the upvote and downvote arrows that are located to the left of each post. So, if you are part of the Reddit community, you are a Redditor. 

Who is the Target Audience For Reddit?

Redditors are highly-engaged audiences. There is a wide range of subreddits on Reddit that cater to people of many sexual orientations, racial backgrounds, religious affiliations, philosophical stances, political orientations, gender, and other identities.

Regular users of Reddit spend an average of about 34 minutes per day browsing the site. The average age of a Reddit user is under 35, and they tend to be quite engaged in certain subreddits (such as those dedicated to video games, fashion, and pop culture).

Which Gender Uses Reddit the Most?

Statistics have it that males are the predominant users of Reddit. According to the 2023 Gender Split of Reddit’s Global Userbase

63.8 percent of Reddit’s audience in January 2023 was comprised of men. About a third of the site’s visitors were female. Not only that, but the majority of Reddit’s desktop users lived in the USA.

What Percentage of Reddit is Female?

According to the global breakdown of Reddit’s user base by gender as of January 2023.

Reddit has a primarily male user population (63.8 percent to be exact as of January 2023). 32% of the site’s visitors were female.

Who Is The Most Popular Reddit User?

Popularity on Reddit sites depends on a number of factors. Generally, this range from the number of subscribers you have to how often people mention your name on the sites. The table below is an excerpt from the OneUp blog.

Rank	Subreddit name	# of subscribers
1	/r/announcements	153,972,327
2	/r/funny	40,442,903
3	/r/AskReddit	35,787,366
4	/r/gaming	32,799,784
5	/r/aww	31,092,097
6	/r/Music	29,758,361
7	/r/pics	28,482,511
8	/r/science	27,820,102
9	/r/worldnews	27,609,819
10	/r/videos	26,642,802
11	/r/todayilearned	26,500,738
12	/r/movies	26,414,252
13	/r/news	24,551,097
14	/r/Showerthoughts	24,622,523
15	/r/EarthPorn	21,815,057
16	/r/gifs	21,707,631
17	/r/IAmA	21,696,773
18	/r/food	21,631,790
19	/r/askscience	21,217,290
20	/r/Jokes	20,882,857
21	/r/LifeProTips	20,733,482
22	/r/explainlikeimfive	20,605,576
23	/r/Art	20,491,054
24	/r/books	20,347,275
25	/r/mildlyinteresting	19,479,815
26	/r/nottheonion	19,481,767
27	/r/DIY	19,416,881
28	/r/sports	19,383,761
29	/r/blog	18,983,596
30	/r/space	18,856,839
31	/r/gadgets	17,795,689

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References

• https://www.redditinc.com/
• https://logos-world.net/
• https://blog.logomyway.com/

New Reddit-flavored Markdown

Markdown is the format in which content is written on Reddit. This is a guide to Reddit’s particular flavor of Markdown, updated for New Reddit, and current as of September 19, 2018.

About this document

Text-based content on Reddit — comments, self-posts, and otherwise — is represented as a Reddit-specific variation of the Markdown format, and that format has changed in New Reddit, both in how it is parsed and how it is rendered. This is a guide to Reddit-flavored Markdown, explaining generally how to format content on New Reddit, and specifically identifying areas where New Reddit-flavored Markdown is different from Old Reddit-flavored markdown.

Those who exclusively submit content via the default «Fancy Pants» editor on New Reddit are not exposed to the details described here. One does not need to know any of this information to use Reddit — Fancy Pants is a rich text editor that provides all the common formatting options like bold, italics, lists, etc.

Within, examples are presented as pairs showing first how the Markdown is written in the editor, then as it is rendered, or presented on the screen. Important New Reddit notes about differences between New Reddit-flavored Markdown and Old Reddit-flavored markdown are called out in italicized paragraphs marked with a crystal ball (🔮), and general tips with the fleur-de-lis (⚜️).

Quick reference

This is a condensed cheat-sheet of common Markdown syntax. Read beyond for excessive amounts of detail.

Written	Rendered
_italic_ or *italic*	italic
__bold__ or **bold**	bold
___bold-italic___ or ***bold-italic***	bold-italic
~~strikethrough~~	strikethrough
>!spoilers!<	spoilers
^superscript or ^(superscript)	superscript
`code`	code

​

Written	Rendered
https://www.reddit.com	https://www.reddit.com
r/announcements	r/announcements
u/reddit	u/reddit

---

​

Written:

[link](https://redditinc.com)

or

[link][1]

[1]: https://redditinc.com

Rendered:

link

​

---

​

Written:

# Heading 1
## Heading 2

Rendered:

Heading 1

Heading 2

---

​

Written:

- a
- b
  1. c
  2. d

Rendered:

• a
• b
  1. c
  2. d

​

---

​

Written:

> Lorem blockquote dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
> Sed ullamcorper enim libero, ut luctus lorem ultricies ut.
> Aenean sed nulla a mauris posuere aliquam bibendum id ipsum.
> Fusce non augue mollis, dictum libero sed, blockquote enim.

Rendered:

Lorem blockquote dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed ullamcorper enim libero, ut luctus lorem ultricies ut. Aenean sed nulla a mauris posuere aliquam bibendum id ipsum. Fusce non augue mollis, dictum libero sed, blockquote enim.

​

---

​

Written:

| header | header | header | header |
|--------|:-------|-------:|:------:|
| stuff  | stuff  | stuff  | stuff  |

Rendered:

header	header	header	header
stuff	stuff	stuff	stuff

​

---

​

Written (note the indentation):

    fn main() {
        println!("hey")
    }

Rendered:

fn main() {
    println!("hey")
}

Where to use Markdown on Reddit

Markdown content can be submitted in a number of places on Reddit. The primary uses of Markdown are in a post’s self-text (the body of a text post) and in comments.

When you submit a text post or comment in New Reddit, by default you are submitting non-Markdown content via the WYSIWYG «Fancy Pants» editor (on desktop at least — the story may be different on mobile platforms). If, instead, you click «Switch to markdown» on the post-submission screen, then you’ll be submitting Markdown. Users might prefer Markdown over Fancy Pants for more precise control over their document, for access to occasional features that Fancy Pants doesn’t support, or simply by preference.

Other places that support Markdown include:

• Wikis — some subreddits have their own wikis, and there’s a site-wide wiki.
  • e.g., https://www.reddit.com/r/funny/wiki/index
  • e.g., https://www.reddit.com/wiki/faq
• The subreddit submission text (the text that is displayed in Old Reddit when submitting a post to a particular subreddit).
• The New Reddit «text area» sidebar.
• Subreddit rules — these are displayed in a number of places, most prominently on the sidebar, but also on other pages.
  • e.g., https://www.reddit.com/r/funny/about/rules
  • e.g., https://www.reddit.com/r/funny/about/sidebar
• The «about» text on some user profiles in New Reddit — Presently in beta (as an opt-in feature).

There are significant differences in support of these latter cases between Old Reddit and New Reddit, the old Markdown parser, and the new Markdown parser. For details, see «Differences in content support between Old Reddit and New Reddit»

Reddit-flavored Markdown

Paragraphs and line breaks

Paragraphs on Reddit are written as lines of text separated by blank lines.

Written:

Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the
western spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun.

Orbiting this at a distance of roughly ninety-two million miles is an
utterly insignificant little blue green planet whose ape-descended
life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital
watches are a pretty neat idea.

This planet has-or rather had-a problem, which was this: most of the
people on it were unhappy for pretty much of the time. Many solutions
were suggested for this problem, but most of these were largely
concerned with the movements of small green pieces of paper, which is odd because on
the whole it wasn't the small green pieces of paper that were
unhappy.

Rendered:

Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the western spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun.

Orbiting this at a distance of roughly ninety-two million miles is an utterly insignificant little blue green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea.

This planet has-or rather had-a problem, which was this: most of the people on it were unhappy for pretty much of the time. Many solutions were suggested for this problem, but most of these were largely concerned with the movements of small green pieces of paper, which is odd because on the whole it wasn’t the small green pieces of paper that were unhappy.

Note that line breaks are not displayed — that is, adjacent lines are linked together to create a single paragraph. Line breaks can be added explicitly by ending lines with two spaces, or with a backslash ().

Written (note the double spaces at the end of the first line):

Love is the whole thing.  
We are only pieces.

Rendered:

Love is the whole thing.
We are only pieces.

Written (note the slash placement and direction):

Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing
and rightdoing there is a field.
I'll meet you there.

Rendered:

Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing
and rightdoing there is a field.
I’ll meet you there.

🔮 New Reddit note: Creating line breaks with a backslash only works in New Reddit. While the backslash is clearer to read and write than two spaces, if you need compatibility with Old Reddit, use two spaces to create your line breaks.

Paragraphs are separated by any number of blank lines, and those blank lines are not themselves rendered; thus, one can’t add an arbitrary amount of space between paragraphs simply by adding extra blank lines.

Written:

Be empty of worrying.
Think of who created thought!



Why do you stay in prison
When the door is so wide open?

Rendered:

Be empty of worrying.
Think of who created thought!

Why do you stay in prison
When the door is so wide open?

⚜️ Tip: A trick for inserting blanks lines is to create a paragraph containing nothing but «non-breaking space».

Written:

Be empty of worrying.
Think of who created thought!

 

Why do you stay in prison
When the door is so wide open?

Rendered:

Be empty of worrying.
Think of who created thought!

Why do you stay in prison
When the door is so wide open?

That   is a kind of HTML entity, useful for a variety of «tricks» in Markdown.

Basic text formatting

Italic text is represented by surrounding text with either a single asterisk (*) or underscore (_).

Written:

It is *error* only, and not _truth_, that shrinks from inquiry.

Rendered:

It is error only, and not truth, that shrinks from inquiry.

Bold text is represented by surrounding text with either double asterisks (**) or double underscores (__).

Written:

It is **error** only, and not __truth__, that shrinks from inquiry.

Rendered:

It is error only, and not truth, that shrinks from inquiry.

Bold-italic text is represented by surrounding text with either triple asterisks (***) or triple underscores (___).

Written:

It is ***error*** only, and not ___truth___, that shrinks from inquiry.

Rendered:

It is error only, and not truth, that shrinks from inquiry.

The previous examples emphasized a single word, but emphasis can span multiple words as well.

Note that in the previous examples the emphasized words were completely surrounded by stars or underscores. It is also possible to emphasize only parts of words, but only with stars.

Written:

This is totally sub*der*ma**togly**phic.

Rendered:

This is totally subdermatoglyphic.

Strikethrough text is represented by surrounding text with double-tildes (~~).

Written:

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to
~~love~~ reddit and be ~~loved~~ reddited in return.

Rendered:

The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to love reddit and be loved reddited in return.

Spoilers can be hidden as spoilertext by surrounding text with >! and !<.

Written:

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to >!reddit and be reddited in return!<.

Rendered:

The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to reddit and be reddited in return.

Superscript is represented by surrounding text in parentheses preceded by a caret (^).

Written:

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to
reddit ^(and be reddited in return).

Rendered:

The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to reddit ^{and be reddited in return}.

A single word can also be superscripted by preceding it with just a caret.

Written:

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to
^reddit and be ^reddited in return.

Rendered:

The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to ^reddit and be ^reddited in return.

🔮 New Reddit note: There are significant differences in the parsing of superscript between Old Reddit and New Reddit. Old Reddit in particular sometimes fails to parse the parenthesized form if it contains links (like ^(a [b](http://example.com))). New Reddit does not (yet) support multiple levels of superscript. And there are bugs. In both. For maximum superscript compatibility between Old and New Reddit, stick to the single-word, unparenthesized superscript syntax and superscript every word, or alternately separate words with either «non-breaking space» ( ) or «quarter-width space» ( ) HTML entities (the latter allows for line-breaks in the superscript).

Written:

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to
reddit ^and ^be ^reddited ^in ^return.

Rendered:

The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to reddit ^{and be reddited in return.}

Written:

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to
reddit ^and be reddited in return.

Rendered:

The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to reddit ^{and be reddited in return.}

And if your superscript contains links, then apply superscript to the link text as well.

Written:

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to
reddit ^and [^be ^reddited](https://www.redditgifts.com) ^in ^return.

Rendered:

The greatest thing you’ll ever learn is just to reddit ^{and be reddited in return.}

Links

URLs beginning with «http://» ot «https://» are automatically hyperlinked, as are subreddit names and usernames. The latter are known as redditlinks and userlinks, respectively. Collectively these are known as autolinks.

Written	Rendered
http://www.reddit.com	http://www.reddit.com
https://www.reddit.com	https://www.reddit.com
/r/announcements	/r/announcements
r/announcements	r/announcements
/u/reddit	/u/reddit
u/reddit	u/reddit

⚜️ Tip: Complex URLs can parse in unexpected ways as autolinks. When you find a URL isn’t linking correctly, you can instead surround the link with angled brackets (<, >).

Written:

<http://example.com/foo/../bar..>

Rendered:

http://example.com/foo/../bar..

Arbitrary text can be explicitly hyperlinked by surrounding it with square brackets, followed by a URL in parenthesis. The link can optionally be given a title, which is typically shown by the browser when the user hovers their mouse over the link.

The title must be surrounded by single quotes, double quotes, or parentheses.

Written	Rendered
[Rumi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi)	Rumi
[Zappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa "Frank Zappa - Wikipedia")	Zappa
[Gandhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi 'Mahatma Gandhi - Wikipedia')	Gandhi
[Twain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain (Mark Twain - Wikipedia))	Twain

🔮 New Reddit note: Titles surrounded by parentheses are only supported in New Reddit. For compatibility, use quotes.

Links may also be defined as references, outside of the paragraph.

Written:

[Very little] is needed to make a happy life;
it is all within yourself, in your [way of thinking][wot].

[Very little]: https://www.reddit.com/r/Meditation/
[wot]: https://www.reddit.com/r/ChangeMyView/

Rendered:

Very little is needed to make a happy life; it is all within yourself, in your way of thinking.

By default the reference name is the same as the text in brackets, but the reference can be named explicitly within a second set of brackets, as in [way of thinking][wot]. Like inline links, reference links can have titles.

⚜️ Tip: Reference-style links are especially useful for decluttering text with many links.

Written:

Somewhere in [la Mancha][lm], in a place whose name I do not care to
remember, a gentleman lived not long ago, one of those who has a
[lance] and [ancient shield][as] on a shelf and keeps a [skinny nag][sn]
and a greyhound for racing.

[lm]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mancha
[lance]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Lance "Holy Lance - Wikipedia"
[as]: http://myarmoury.com/feature_shield.html 'The Shield: An Abridged History of its Use and Development'
[sn]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epona (Epona - Wikipedia)

Rendered:

Somewhere in la Mancha, in a place whose name I do not care to remember, a gentleman lived not long ago, one of those who has a lance and ancient shield on a shelf and keeps a skinny nag and a greyhound for racing.

⚜️ Tip: Note that links can only contain parentheses if they are «balanced» — that is, if every «(» is later followed by «)». To link to a URL with unbalanced parentheses, either escape the parenthesis with backslash («»), or use the alternate linking syntax, enclosing the URL in matched angle brackets, «<» and «>».

Written:

[Parentheses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/()

Rendered:

Parentheses

Written:

[Parentheses](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(>)

Rendered:

Parentheses

On Reddit, links generally must include the URI scheme, like «https://», so instead of writing [a](www.example.com), write [a](https://www.example.com).

The full set of prefixes accepted in URLs is «http://», «https://», «ftp://», «mailto:», «git://», «steam://», «irc://», «news://», «mumble://», «ssh://», «ircs://», «ts3server://», «/», «#».

Headings

Section headings have six levels and are written with leading hashes (#).

Written:

# Domain

## Kingdom

### Phylum

#### Class

##### Order

###### Family

Rendered:

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Level 1 and 2 headers can also be written by underlining the header text with «=» and «-» respectively.

Written:

Domain
======

Kingdom
-------

Rendered:

Domain

Kingdom

Lists

Lists may be unordered (bulleted) or ordered (numbered).

Unordered lists consist of lines preceded by one of «-» or «*».

Written:

- Agamemnon
- The Libation Bearers
- Eumenides

Rendered:

• Agamemnon
• The Libation Bearers
• Eumenides

Written:

* Agamemnon
* The Libation Bearers
* Eumenides

Rendered:

• Agamemnon
• The Libation Bearers
• Eumenides

Ordered lists consist of numbered lines delimited by either «.» or «)».

Written:

1. Agamemnon
2. The Libation Bearers
3. Eumenides

Rendered:

1. Agamemnon
2. The Libation Bearers
3. Eumenides

Written:

1) Agamemnon
2) The Libation Bearers
3) Eumenides

Rendered:

1. Agamemnon
2. The Libation Bearers
3. Eumenides

🔮 New Reddit note: Using «)» to define ordered lists only works in New Reddit. For compatibility with Old Reddit use «.».

On Reddit, ordered lists must start with «1».

Besides the numbering, unordered and ordered lists are otherwise generally parsed the same, so the remaining examples will use unordered lists for simplicity.

Each individual entry in a list is called a list item. Items can have any amount of space between them. Adding space can make complex list items more readable while editing.

Written:

- Agamemnon

- The Libation Bearers


- Eumenides

Rendered:

• Agamemnon

• The Libation Bearers

• Eumenides

List items may contain sublists.

Written:

- Homer
  - The Iliad
  - The Odyssey
- Aeschylus
  - Agamemnon
  - The Libation Bearers
  - Eumenides

Rendered:

• Homer
  • The Iliad
  • The Odyssey
• Aeschylus
  • Agamemnon
  • The Libation Bearers
  • Eumenides

Note that sublists of unordered list items must be preceded by at least two spaces, while sublists of ordered list items must be preceded by at least three spaces.

Lists may contain their own paragraphs, blockquotes, and other types of content.

Written:

- First of all: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
  elit.

  > Fusce hendrerit, nunc quis rhoncus tristique, neque augue ornare
  > enim, ut aliquam libero diam et ligula. Aliquam sagittis sem sed
  > rutrum luctus. Nunc massa est, egestas eget massa id, lacinia
  > pretium dui. Nam eget consequat eros, eget commodo urna.

- But secondly: Phasellus vitae libero sit amet orci tempor lacinia
  sed at tellus. Curabitur sit amet nibh elit. Quisque pulvinar odio
  sapien, et condimentum velit convallis et.

  ### Lipsum facts

  |Lorem|Ipsum|Dolor|
  |-----|-----|-----|
  |8    |1    |3    |
  |3    |7    |8    |

  Aenean at dui in sapien sagittis sodales.

Rendered:

• First of all: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

  Fusce hendrerit, nunc quis rhoncus tristique, neque augue ornare enim, ut aliquam libero diam et ligula. Aliquam sagittis sem sed rutrum luctus. Nunc massa est, egestas eget massa id, lacinia pretium dui. Nam eget consequat eros, eget commodo urna.

• But secondly: Phasellus vitae libero sit amet orci tempor lacinia sed at tellus. Curabitur sit amet nibh elit. Quisque pulvinar odio sapien, et condimentum velit convallis et.

  Lipsum facts

  Lorem	Ipsum	Dolor
  8	1	3
  3	7	8

  Aenean at dui in sapien sagittis sodales.

🔮 New Reddit note: In Markdown, including in Old Reddit, + can also be used to define unordered lists. As of this time, New Reddit fails to parse such lists.

Blockquotes

Blockquotes provide a way to emphasize larger amounts of text, typically used in response comments for quoting others’ comments. They are created by beginning a line with a right pointy-bracket (>).

Written:

> It's so hard to forget pain, but it's even harder to
remember sweetness. We have no scar to show for happiness.
We learn so little from peace.

Rendered:

It’s so hard to forget pain, but it’s even harder to remember sweetness. We have no scar to show for happiness. We learn so little from peace.

For simple quotes, it’s sufficient just to begin the first line of a paragraph with >, as above, and the whole thing will be blockquoted.

For more complex blockquotes, precede every line with >.

Written:

> - First of all: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
>   elit.
>
> - But secondly: Phasellus vitae libero sit amet orci tempor lacinia
>   sed at tellus. Curabitur sit amet nibh elit. Quisque pulvinar odio
>   sapien, et condimentum velit convallis et.
>
> > Fusce hendrerit, nunc quis rhoncus tristique, neque augue ornare
> > enim, ut aliquam libero diam et ligula. Aliquam sagittis sem sed
> > rutrum luctus. Nunc massa est, egestas eget massa id, lacinia
> > pretium dui. Nam eget consequat eros, eget commodo urna.
>
> ### Lipsum facts
>
> |Lorem|Ipsum|Dolor|
> |-----|-----|-----|
> |8    |1    |3    |
> |3    |7    |8    |
>
> Aenean at dui in sapien sagittis sodales.

Rendered:

• First of all: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

• But secondly: Phasellus vitae libero sit amet orci tempor lacinia sed at tellus. Curabitur sit amet nibh elit. Quisque pulvinar odio sapien, et condimentum velit convallis et.

Fusce hendrerit, nunc quis rhoncus tristique, neque augue ornare enim, ut aliquam libero diam et ligula. Aliquam sagittis sem sed rutrum luctus. Nunc massa est, egestas eget massa id, lacinia pretium dui. Nam eget consequat eros, eget commodo urna.

Lipsum facts

Lorem	Ipsum	Dolor
8	1	3
3	7	8

Aenean at dui in sapien sagittis sodales.

Tables

Tables consist of a header row and any number of content rows. Columns are separated by pipes (|), and the header row is separated from the content rows by dashes (-).

Written:

| Ticker | Investment | Profit |
|--------|------------|--------|
| BTC    | $100       | $-50   |
| ETH    | $1000      | $-500  |
| DOGE   | $10000     | $-5000 |

Rendered:

Ticker	Investment	Profit
BTC	$100	$-50
ETH	$1000	$-500
DOGE	$10000	$-5000

That second row of the table, the one filled with dashes, is the marker row, and it determines the alignment of the text in the column. Columns in the marker row beginning with : are left-aligned; columns ending with : are right-aligned; columns beginning and ending with : are center-aligned; columns containing all dashes are default-aligned (left-aligned).

Written:

| Ticker | Investment | Profit |
|:-------|-----------:|:------:|
| BTC    | $100       | $-50   |
| ETH    | $1000      | $-500  |
| DOGE   | $10000     | $-5000 |

Rendered:

Ticker	Investment	Profit
BTC	$100	$-50
ETH	$1000	$-500
DOGE	$10000	$-5000

Fortunately, columns don’t have to be formatted so they line up with each other to work — they can be messy.

Written:

| Ticker | Investment | Profit |
|:-|-:|:-:|
| BTC | $100 | $-50 |
| ETH | $1000 | $-500 |
| DOGE | $10000 | $-5000 |

Rendered:

Ticker	Investment	Profit
BTC	$100	$-50
ETH	$1000	$-500
DOGE	$10000	$-5000

⚜️ Tip: Tables can be written without the row-leading and -ending pipe (|) characters, but the result can be surprising when the parser has to guess whether the row is a table row or something else. Leading and trailing pipes make it explicit you are writing a table.

Code blocks and inline code

There are several ways to represent code in Markdown, which is always rendered in a monospaced font and rendered exactly as written — no Markdown is interpreted inside a region of code.

Short code snippets, inline code, can be embedded in paragraphs and other text, and are delimited by opening and closing backticks (` ).

Written:

We were wrong: `goto`
is not considered harmful;
`goto` wants to help.

Rendered:

We were wrong: goto
is not considered harmful;
goto wants to help.

Longer code blocks can be represented in several ways. The first is by indenting the entire block of code four spaces.

Written:

    hashOut.data = hashes + SSL_MD5_DIGEST_LEN;
    hashOut.length = SSL_SHA1_DIGEST_LEN;
    if ((err = SSLFreeBuffer(&hashCtx)) != 0)
        goto fail;
    if ((err = ReadyHash(&SSLHashSHA1, &hashCtx)) != 0)
        goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &clientRandom)) != 0)
        goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &serverRandom)) != 0)
        goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
    if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.final(&hashCtx, &hashOut)) != 0)
        goto fail;

Rendered:

hashOut.data = hashes + SSL_MD5_DIGEST_LEN;
hashOut.length = SSL_SHA1_DIGEST_LEN;
if ((err = SSLFreeBuffer(&hashCtx)) != 0)
    goto fail;
if ((err = ReadyHash(&SSLHashSHA1, &hashCtx)) != 0)
    goto fail;
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &clientRandom)) != 0)
    goto fail;
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &serverRandom)) != 0)
    goto fail;
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
    goto fail;
    goto fail;
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.final(&hashCtx, &hashOut)) != 0)
    goto fail;

🔮 New Reddit note: Indented code blocks are the only form of code block that works on Old Reddit. Use them for compatibility.

Typing four spaces in front of every line in a code block is tedious and error-prone. The easier way is to surround the entire block of code with code fences. A code fence is a line beginning with three or more backticks (`) or three or more twiddlydoodles (~).

Written:

```
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
```

Rendered:

if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;

Written:

~~~
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
~~~

Rendered:

if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;

The opening and closing fence must match, both the character used, and its repetitions.

⚜️ Tip: When inline code itself contains a backtick, or a fenced code block itself contains a code fence, the interior backticks and fences can cause the code region to close early. In these cases, the fences can be adjusted to accommodate the code. The rest of this section is about dealing with corner cases.

Consider the following example.

Written:

```

This code didn't work as expected:

```
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
```

But it tried its best.

```

Rendered:

This code didn't work as expected:

if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0) goto fail; goto fail;

But it tried its best.

This is a code fence inside of a code fence (i.e., a Markdown code block containing a Markdown example), and it doesn’t render as desired — the code inside the interior code fence isn’t rendered as code at all. Instead, the code appears as regular text surrounded by two code blocks.

This is an easy problem to solve because the code fence syntax has two different delimiters, (`) and (~), and it allows code blocks to be surrounded by more than three delimiters. Just use more backticks in the outer code fence, or use the other delimiter.

Written:

````

This code didn't work as expected:

```
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
```

But it tried its best.

````

Rendered:

This code didn't work as expected:

```
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
```

But it tried its best.

Written:

~~~

This code didn't work as expected:

```
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
```

But it tried its best.

~~~

Rendered:

This code didn't work as expected:

```
if ((err = SSLHashSHA1.update(&hashCtx, &signedParams)) != 0)
        goto fail;
        goto fail;
```

But it tried its best.

There’s a similar trick for inline code as well: inline code can be surrounded by any number of backticks, and the opening and closing must match. So if one needs to put a single backtick inside inline code they can just surround the code with two backticks, ala ``this thing right here - ` - that's a backtick``.

Of course there’s one more tricky case here: what if your inline code itself needs to begin or end with a backtick — e.g., you want to illustrate how to write Markdown inline code within inline code? Just writing two backticks to open the inline code and a single backtick to begin the inline code doesn’t work because it looks like inline code delimited by three backticks: ```example of inline code```. If you were to write just that, you would lose the interior backticks:

Written	Rendered
```example of inline code```	example of inline code

Markdown gives one final escape hatch for these situations: any space around the inline code is removed, which allows one to write the inline code delimiters, space, then the textual backtick:

Written	Rendered
`` `example of inline code` ``	`example of inline code`

This situation admittedly arises most frequently for people writing Markdown about Markdown (like me!). Hopefully you never encounter it.

Finally, what if you actually want leading or trailing spaces in your inline code? Well, you are very deep into the weeds. If you actually find yourself in this situation, you’re probably clever enough to figure out a workaround.

Thematic breaks

The thematic break, a.k.a. the «horizontal rule,» is simply a horizontal line drawn across the page. It can be used to create visual separation between content. A thematic break is written as a line containing three or more stars (*), dashes (-), or underscores (_).

Written:

Here is a wistful story about grandpa.

---

Here is a picture of a torpid donkey.

Rendered:

Here is a wistful story about grandpa.

---

Here is a picture of a torpid donkey.

Written:

Here is a real-life party parrot.

***

Here is deceit, decay, and — ultimately — death.

Rendered:

Here is a real-life party parrot.

---

Here is deceit, decay, and — ultimately — death.

Written:

Here is a rusted barn door.

___

Black coffee.

Rendered:

Here is a rusted barn door.

---

Black coffee.

More tips and tricks

Escaping Markdown syntax

Escaping is a way to tell the parser not to interpret special characters as Markdown, by preceding them with a backslash ().

Sometimes one finds that the parser has interpreted their text in a way that was unintended. This can happen, for example, if, in the middle of a paragraph, a hyphen begins a new line.

Written:

I felt my lungs inflate with the onrush of scenery
- air, mountains, trees, people. I thought,
"This is what it is to be happy".

Rendered:

I felt my lungs inflate with the onrush of scenery

• air, mountains, trees, people. I thought, «This is what it is to be happy».

In this case the dash is meant to be part of the text, not the start of a list. Escaping the dash with a backslash fixes the problem.

Written:

I felt my lungs inflate with the onrush of scenery
- air, mountains, trees, people. I thought,
"This is what it is to be happy".

Rendered:

I felt my lungs inflate with the onrush of scenery — air, mountains, trees, people. I thought, «This is what it is to be happy».

Another common case where the need to escape arises with parentheses in links.

Written:

[Parenthesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/))

Rendered:

Parenthesis)

This is supposed to be a link to the Wikipedia article about parentheses («https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)»), but instead it’s a link to «https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/». Escaping the parenthesis in the URL causes the parser to not treat it as the closing parenthesis of the link syntax.

[Parenthesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/))

Rendered:

Parenthesis

HTML entities

Markdown supports HTML entities, like the relatively common   for «non-breaking space». These can be an «escape-hatch» to write difficult-to-represent content. For example,   is often used to insert «empty» paragraphs, providing vertical whitespace where Markdown doesn’t otherwise allow.

In other cases, HTML entities are used to input characters that are difficult to type, like those above the ASCII range in Unicode, or characters that have no visual representation.

Some useful examples:

• A dash is inserted with —. This is a longer dash than the typical hyphen, and is the correct character for separating clauses in sentences.
• Various non-ASCII whitespace characters can be used to insert whitespace where Markdown would otherwise not allow it. If you want to simply enter an arbitrary amount of space between two words, you can — e.g., by inserting multiple «em space» characters ( ).

Tips for robots

During the transition we’ve seen some incompatibility arise in the syntax that bots were using. Here are some notes from those experiences, as well as some general info about automatic posting of Markdown.

(Quick plug: This section could use some help from bot authors!)

• In links, don’t put spaces between the text ([...]) and the URL ((http://example.com)). This worked in Old Reddit but not New Reddit.

• Backslash-escape all parentheses in link URLs (not autolinks), like [text](http://example.com/foo(bar). Parentheses must be balanced or they will not be parsed as links, so simply escaping all parentheses is sufficient to make all links with parentheses parse correctly.

• Alternately, use the pointy-bracket syntax for link URLs ([text](<http://example.com>), which accept unbalanced parentheses. In this case though you must URL-escape pointy-brackets, as %3C and %3E.

• If you post autolinks (raw URLs without the bracket syntax), consider surrounding them in pointy-brackets (< >) and URL-escaping any pointy-brackets within the URL as %3C and %3E. This will prevent any ambiguity in parsing, particularly at the end of autolinks. Note that even within brackets autolinks cannot contain spaces, so URL-escape those as %20.

• There’s just no way to get away from escaping something while posting arbitrary links as a bot if you want all URLs to be parsed as expected. Details of link parsing are in the spec.

• The new parser and old parser treat HTML-escapes (a la  ) differently — the old one preserves them, in both text and links; the new one unescapes them during parsing so that clients (many of which are not web browsers) aren’t exposed to them. This is true both in text and links and is specified as such by CommonMark. We don’t understand the impact of this on bots, nor have any recommendations at this time.

• If there’s any chance your superscript will contain links, write them by either superscripting every word or separating the superscripted words with a «quarter-width space». The nicer ^(...) syntax can’t be relied on in Old Reddit when combined with links.

Reddit-flavored Markdown compatibility recommendations

These are a few recommendations for writing Markdown that is compatible with Old Reddit markdown parsing (so long as the old parser remains in use).

Some of the recommendations are «easy» because they have equivalents that are as-good in Old Reddit; some are «unfortunate» because they, well, favor less nice syntax.

Presumably the old parser will be phased out completely at some point (today it’s only used on the old web client — mobile clients use the new), at which point these recommendations may change.

On the other hand, if you don’t care about formatting on Old Reddit, then go ahead and do the opposite of all these suggestions!

Easy compatibility recommendations

• Use quotes for link titles like [text](http://example.com "title") (as opposed to parentheses for link titles). Old Reddit does not support parentheses here.

• Begin and end table columns with pipe characters (|). They are technically optional, but there are occasional surprise parses when they are not used. Both Old Reddit and New Reddit have different quirks.

• Delimit ordered lists with dots instead of parentheses — e.g., (1. First). Old Reddit does not support the latter.

• Delimit unordered lists with - or *, not +. New Reddit presently does not support the latter.

Unfortunate compatibility recommendations

• Use double spaces instead of a backslash to indicate hard line breaks. Old Reddit only supports double spaces.

• Use indented code blocks instead of code fences. Old Reddit only supports indented code blocks.

• Don’t use nested emphasis like _this is __really__ important_. Yep, you guessed it: it doesn’t work in Old Reddit.

• Don’t use multiple levels of superscript (a.k.a. «towers»). It doesn’t work in New Reddit (at least not yet).

• Continue using common hacks to make superscript support spaces, like superscripting every word or joining them with exotic Unicode space characters (either   or ​. Avoid the parenthesized superscript syntax, ^(...) — it often is misparsed in Old Reddit.

More about Markdown at Reddit

New Reddit’s markdown parser, snoomark, is a variation of GitHub-flavored Markdown (GFM), based on CommonMark, with the GFM table and autolink extensions, as well as a modified strikethrough extension. It also includes Reddit-specific extensions and Reddit-specific compatibility quirks that deviate from CommonMark.

snoomark is a downstream project of comrak, which is in turn a re-implementation of cmark-gfm, GitHub’s CommonMark implementation with GitHub extensions (GFM), which is in turn downstream of cmark, the CommonMark reference implementation. snoomark itself is not (yet) open source, but changes to comrak are regularly merged into snoomark.

As more Redditors have begun using the post creation and formatting tools on New Reddit, the philosophy around Markdown support has fluctuated — originally, the plan was to move to something approaching CommonMark and drop all compatibility with Old Reddit «quirks»; but as the rollout proceeded that position softened, and a number of compatibility quirks were added to the new parser.

At this time it is not expected that many further compatibility quirks will be added to New Reddit: it’s more likely that Old Reddit will be upgraded to the new parser. In that scenario, there will be some amount (hopefully small) of old content that no longer renders correctly due to parsing differences.

That said, future directions will continue to be evaluated as the rollout continues and bugs are reported.

Markdown rendering in New Reddit is notably different from Old Reddit, and from most Markdown-consuming websites for that matter, in that it is not rendered directly to HTML from Markdown, but through an intermediate, Reddit-proprietary document format called RTJSON («Rich Text JSON»). This format is designed to be easily consumed and rendered by all Reddit clients, web and mobile, whereas in Old Reddit, mobile clients had various challenges rendering Markdown content consistently. Details of the RTJSON format are currently unpublished.

Rationale for transitioning to CommonMark

The new parser was created because the old parser was hard to maintain, security-critical C code, and adding new features to it was prohibitively difficult. The new parser is not written in C and so is more maintainable. Furthermore, the redesign called for new features and the future ability to add new features.

Development velocity on the old parser was effectively 0. The new parser receives changes as needed, and most changes don’t require a security review.

The redesign was also an opportunity to upgrade Reddit’s ancient markdown dialect to a modern standards-based CommonMark dialect, where it can receive the benefits of ongoing upstream development and standards work, and catch up with approximately 6 years of Markdown’s evolution (whereas Old Reddit’s parser was stagnant). This decision of course has resulted in many complaints that certain Old Reddit syntaxes don’t work in New Reddit, but we have gradually added backwards compatibility for the most common quirks.

New Reddit Markdown further receives several new niceties inherited from CommonMark, most notably line breaks with a terminating backslash and code blocks demarcated by fences instead of indents. During the transition period, of course those aren’t compatible with Old Reddit, but eventually we would expect them to be «safe» to use without worrying too much about compatibility — the mobile clients already understand the new parser’s output; it’s just the old web client that doesn’t (yet).

Probably the only serious alternative to upgrading to CommonMark would have been to do a complete rewrite of the old parser in a safe language, preserving all the Reddit-specific quirks. Presumably, that was not seen as desirable, both because of the inordinate amount of effort required and because it would have suited nobody but Reddit. The new parser, on the other hand, is based on an actively maintained CommonMark parser, which is useful for anybody who wants to parse CommonMark. In the long run, behaving more like CommonMark will provide a more seamless experience for those using CommonMark elsewhere, mostly those who are technically adept, since the vast majority of New Reddit users are using the Fancy Pants editor. Now Reddit is able to participate in the upstream CommonMark community (and has already affected upstream implementations and the CommonMark specification). And again, the combination of a maintainable codebase and having a standard to conform to means that Reddit can keep its parser up to date with standards as they evolve.

Differences between Old Reddit Markdown, New Reddit Markdown, and CommonMark

New Reddit-flavored Markdown inherits from both Old Reddit-flavored Markdown and CommonMark / GFM, but also differs from both. This section lists known differences in New Reddit-flavored Markdown from Old Reddit-flavored Markdown and CommonMark / GFM. It is not comprehensive.

Differences from Old Reddit are often inherited from CommonMark. Note that for those who wish their content to render accurately for Old Reddit users, one may choose not to use these features. (See also «Reddit-flavored Markdown compatibility recommendations».) Differences from CommonMark are often to support Old Reddit Markdown «quirks». Differences from either may or may not be considered bugs, depending on who is doing the considering and when.

Reddit-specific extensions

• Spoilertext — Spoilertext (>!spoiler!<) is Reddit-specific.

• Superscript — There’s no superscript standard, and Reddit has its own syntax which continues to be supported (^, ^(...)).

• Strikethrough — Reddit’s syntax is different from the GFM extension.

• Redditlinks and userlinks — Names of subreddits and Reddit users, prefixed with /r/, r/, /u/, and u/, are automatically linked.

• Rich text media — Reddit supports submissions containing images, videos, and gifs, and these are encoded into the Markdown with a customized inline image syntax. This feature is only supported by the Fancy Pants editor — the syntax would be prohibitively difficult to write manually at present.

• Paragraphs containing only a single zero-width space (​) are empty paragraphs (the ZWS is removed in rendering). This supports the Fancy Pants editor.

New features inherited from CommonMark

• Ordered lists can be written with parentheses, where Old Reddit only supported ordered lists with periods: (1) vs. 1.).

• Hard line breaks can be written by terminating lines with , where Old Reddit only supported this by terminating lines with a double-space. This syntax is more readable and less surprising than the double-space syntax.

• Code blocks can be written with surrounding fences, instead of indentation (``` or ~~~). This popular syntax is arguably more writable and readable than the indentation syntax.

Differences from Old Reddit-flavored Markdown

• The parenthesized superscript syntax (^(super duper)) is parsed more reliably (e.g., superscript containing links works correctly) and once the old parser is phased out, should generally be preferred to the non-parenthesized (^super) syntax.

• Superscript parses slightly differently in corner-cases — e.g., ^(^b).

• Multiple nested levels of superscript are rendered as a single level of superscript. This may be fixed in the future.

  • Ticket: CREATE-1599

• New Reddit does not correctly parse non-parenthesized superscript when it precedes a word that is succeeded by a closing square bracket, closing parentheses, or closing emphasis.

  • Ticket: CREATE-2474

• Unescaped parentheses in links must be balanced.

  • Previous discussions: 1
  • Ticket: CREATE-1662

• Sublists require at least two spaces of indentation for unordered lists and three for ordered lists, where Old Reddit only required one space.

  • Previous discussions: 1
  • Ticket: CREATE-1702

• The first table header cell cannot be empty if it is not preceded by a leading pipe character (|) — e.g., the following does not work:

  (this line is a hack to open an Old Reddit code block, not part of the example)
  
   |B|C
  -|-|-
  d|e|f
  

  • Previous discussions: 1
  • Ticket: CREATE-1701

• The first table «marker» cell cannot be a dash followed by a space if it is not preceded by a pipe character (|) — it will instead be interpreted as the beginning of a list. For example, the following does not work:

  (this line is a hack to open an Old Reddit code block, not part of the example)
  
  A | B
  - | -
  c | d
  

  • Previous discussions: 1
  • Ticket: CREATE-1708

• Spoilertext does not need to be «flanking»; i.e., the spoilertext delimiters (>! and !<) will be parsed as such regardless of their adjacency to whitespace and punctuation.

  • Previous discussions: 1
  • Ticket: CREATE-1534

• Blockquote spoilertext is not supported — that is, blockquotes written with >! instead of >.

  • Ticket: CREATE-1723

• Link syntax does not allow space between the square brackets ([]) and the parentheses (()).

  • Previous discussions: 1 2
  • Ticket: CREATE-1438

• More than two tildes (~) in strikethrough syntax — e.g., a ~~~b~~~ c — are treated differently: in Old Reddit the extras are not consumed, whereas in New Reddit they are. Additionally, in New Reddit, more than two tildes at the beginning of a line can be interpreted as code fences.

• Lines containing nothing but hashes (#) are handled differently: in Old Reddit, such lines are entirely consumed and not displayed; in New Reddit, 6 or fewer hashes are rendered as an empty header, and more than 6 are rendered as a paragraph containing hashes.

• Some corner cases around parsing of links containing spaces, specifically with respect to their interaction with link titles, are different.

• There are other cases of link-parsing differences, some considered bugs, and some undecided.

  • Previous discussions: 1
  • Ticket: CREATE-2206

• Some cases of «word-interior» bold+italic (a.k.a. strong+emph) parsing are different. For example, Old Reddit will parse a**_b_**c as bold+italic while CommonMark doesn’t.

  • Previous discussions: 1

• Ordered lists must start from «1». Other start numbers are not supported. Old Reddit parsed other start numbers, though it always rendered lists as starting from 1.

• New Reddit consistently allows nested emphasis, like _a __b c b__ d_, whereas Old Reddit misparses this in many cases.

• Links inside links are parsed differently — e.g., [[a](http://example.com)](http://example.com)

• New Reddit link text doesn’t allow spoilertext inside link text.

  • Ticket: CREATE-2623

• Unordered lists demarcated with + do not work in New Reddit. This is in violation of the CommonMark spec.

  • Ticket: CREATE-2403

• Headings cannot contain arbitrary inlines like italics in New Reddit. This is in violation of the CommonMark spec.

  • Ticket: CREATE-2668

• Similarly, New Reddit allows the URL prefix alone as a valid URL, while Old Reddit requires the prefix to be followed by other characters.

• Paragraph content followed by a line that looks like an unordered list is interpreted as the close of a paragraph and the opening of an unordered list, whereas Old Reddit continued the paragraph.

• Reference link definitions can appear inside blockquotes.

• Inline code spans that contain backticks can be contained with any number of sequential backticks, whereas in Old Reddit, the outermost backticks need to be the longest string of backticks in the code span. `` `code` `` works in both, ` ``code`` ` only works in New Reddit.

• Nested block elements (like lists and blockquotes and tables) can be opened on the same line as list items.

Differences from CommonMark / GFM

• Embedded images are not supported in Markdown mode, only in Fancy Pants mode.

• Superscript syntax is like Old Reddit, not comrak.

• Ordered lists must start from «1». Other start numbers are not supported.

• Links can contain spaces.

• Lines containing only hashes (#) are treated differently.

• Headers do not require spaces after hashes.

• Headers with more than 6 hashes are parsed differently, as level-6 headers with hashes in the header text (e.g., #######valhallaforolaf). In CommonMark, such constructs are not parsed as headers.

• A row of table cells can begin with a dash followed by a space, whereas in CommonMark that would open a new unordered list:

  (this line is a hack to open an Old Reddit code block, not part of the example)
  
  A | B | C
  --|---|--
  - | e | f
  

  (Note though that this does not currently apply to the «marker» row that follows the header row, so the following does not parse as a table,

  (this line is a hack to open an Old Reddit code block, not part of the example)
  
  
  A | B | C
  - | - | -
  - | e | f
  

  whereas it does in Old Reddit.)

• Strikethrough requires two tildes (~~) per Old Reddit, not one, per CommonMark.

• Relative links are not supported.

• Inline HTML is not supported.

• Unordered lists demarcated with + do not work in New Reddit.

• Headings cannot contain arbitrary inlines like italics in New Reddit.

Differences in content support between Old Reddit and New Reddit

The «Where to use Markdown on Reddit» section described the specific features of Reddit that accept Markdown as input. As of yet, there are significant differences in support of these various cases between Old Reddit and New Reddit, the old Markdown parser, and the new Markdown parser.

Here are the dirty details.

• selftext — While New Reddit uses the new Markdown parser/renderer to render selftext in most places, including on that post’s own page and in the «lightbox» (the popup that appears upon clicking a post in the listing page), it uses the old Markdown parser in the listing previews, both in the default cardview and in the «expando» (i.e., the details that open after clicking the icon with two opposing arrows) in Classic view.

• wikis — Presently only rendered via Old Reddit.

• subreddit description — Not interpreted as Markdown in New Reddit. Furthermore, the formerly multiline content is restricted to a single line.

• subreddit submission text — Not rendered at all in New Reddit.

• New Reddit’s «text area» sidebar — Uses Old Reddit’s renderer.

• subreddit rules — Always rendered with the Old Reddit renderer.

• new-style user profiles’ «about» text — Always rendered with the Old Reddit renderer.

Differences between Fancy Pants and Markdown

The Fancy Pants WYSIWYG editor generally supports most Markdown features that Reddit supports, but it does have some limitations. Under the hood, Fancy Pants stores its documents as Markdown, but its interface does not support all Reddit Markdown features.

• HTML entities cannot be entered into Fancy Pants.

• Fancy Pants has much lower «nesting limits» than raw Markdown. Nesting limits impact the depth that nested lists and blockquotes are allowed to create in the document.

• Media like images and videos can be embedded in content via the Fancy Pants editor but not in raw markdown.

• Fancy Pants only supports a single heading level.

• Fancy Pants does not support putting arbitrary block elements like lists, blockquotes, and tables inside lists or blockquotes.

• Fancy Pants does not support link reference definitions — repeated links must be inserted repeatedly.

• Fancy Pants does not support hard line breaks.

• Fancy Pants is able to create blank lines, whereas Markdown cannot. It does this with a backwards-compatible hack by inserting paragraphs containing a single zero-width space (​), which the Markdown parser later converts to an empty paragraph. Technically, Markdown authors can do the same trick.

Even though the submission page has the option to switch between Fancy Pants and Markdown modes, be wary of switching from Markdown back to Fancy Pants. Although switching from Fancy Pants to Markdown is expected to be lossless, the reverse is not true. E.g., if your Markdown contains HTML entities, they will be converted to plain Unicode during the conversion, deeply nested lists will be lost, etc. Furthermore, upon switching back to Markdown from Fancy Pants, the exact Markdown you entered will be lost, replaced by Markdown generated by Fancy Pants.

Credits and further reading

A big thanks to /u/brson for creating this document and working so diligently to improve our parser. The basic organization of this page and its content were influenced by /u/AnteChrono’s Reddit Markdown Primer, /u/Raerth’s Reddit Comment Formatting, the existing «commenting» wiki page, and the CommonMark help page.

Quotes and references used as examples:

• «Far out in the uncharted backwaters…» — Douglas Adams
• «Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing…», «Love is the whole thing…», «Be empty of worrying…» — Rumi
• «Very little is needed to make a happy life…» — Marcus Aurelius
• «Somewhere in la Mancha…» — Miguel de Cervantes
• «It is error only…» — Thomas Paine
• «The greatest thing you’ll ever learn…» — eden ahbez
• «Agamemnon, …» — Aeschylus
• «It’s so hard to forget pain…» — Chuck Palahniuk
• «I felt my lungs inflate…» — Sylvia Plath