We use different languages worldwide to communicate with each other. Every so often we wonder where a word came from. How did a particular word start being used as a common word worldwide and where did it actually originate from. So to find this out we will explore the world of languages and origin of words in this article. This article will cover websites which will let you know the origin of a word.
The study of origin of a word is known as Etymology. You will find that often there are popular tales behind the origin of a word. Most of these tales are just tales and not true, but knowing how the word came into being is equally interesting. So let’s look at these websites to know the origin of words below.
Online Etymology Dictionary
Online etymology dictionary explains you the origin of words and what they meant along with how they would have sounded years back. You would see a date beside each word. This date represents the earliest evidence of this word being used in some sort of written manuscript. Now you can either search for a word you are looking for by typing it in the search box given at the top of the page, otherwise you can browse the words alphabetically. The website has a huge collection of words in it. You can go through the words and find out there origins and meanings as well.
Word Origins by English Oxford Living Dictionaries
Word Origins by English Oxford Living Dictionaries is a good website to know about a words origin. You can check out origin of a word or a phrase. You can search for the word or a phrase you are looking for or can even browse the page to know origin of different words. The website apart from this has a dictionary, thesaurus, grammar helper, etc. As this app has a dictionary, it proves to be a good source for knowing the origin of a word. You can see trending words when you scroll down the page. You can also subscribe to the newsletter on this website to receive updates regarding new words, phrases, etc.
Wordorigins.org
The website Wordorigins.org will let you know the origin of words and phrases. The website has a big list of words which you can go through, or even search for a particular word that you are looking for. The website also has a blog and discussion forum where people can discuss there views. You can login and become a member of the website so you receive regular updates from the website. You can either start browsing words by going to the big list words tab, or by searching for a word. The big list of words is in alphabetical order and there are about 400 words in here. Each word has a interesting story or folklore related to it.
Words of the World
Words of the World is a website which lets you watch videos to let you know the origin of a word. The website explains which language a word originated from through a video. The home page of the website will have a list of words for which you can see a video explaining how the word originated. The words on the home page are given in the format as shown in the screenshot above, but they can also be turned into a neat list if you like. The website is supported by the University of Nottingham and thus is a trusted source.
Learning Nerd
Learning Nerd is another website which has a section on English etymology resources. The website lists references to origin of words like there are word origin dictionaries listed, words with Greek and Latin roots are under a different category, words originating from around the world can be found under international words, and then there is a section for miscellaneous words. You can also play etymology quizzes and listen to etymology podcasts as well. The website itself doesn’t have much information about word origins but will redirect you to another website for your word needs.
Learn That Word
Learn That Word is another website which lists root words and prefixes. The website is pretty basic and a list of words can be seen right on the first page. The words are listed alphabetically, so you can even jump to a word that you are looking for easily. The website will list the root word, its meaning, its place of origin, and then definition and examples. This can be seen in the screenshot above.
These are the websites I found which let you know the origin of a word. Go through them and let me know which one you liked most. If you think there is a website which could be included in this article then leave a comment below.
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Last updated:
January 30, 2022
Do You Know the Origins of English? 16 English Words with Cool Life Stories
What if we told you that there’s a way to learn multiple English words at the same time?
All you have to do is learn one little English word and—poof!—you now know two, three or ten new words. Wow!
No, it’s not magic. All you have to do is learn a word’s origin along with its definition.
The origin of a word is the language it originally came from. English has many words that originally came from other languages. Some have been changed over years, others have stayed pretty much the same. When you learn a word, you should learn where it came from too!
But how will this help you double or triple your English vocabulary learning?
Often, when a foreign word is adopted by English, it takes on many new forms in the English language. This one new English word is put together with other English words, and these combinations create many more new words. However, these combinations are all related to the original word! If you know the original word, you’ll understand all of the combinations.
The more origins and original meanings you learn, the more you’ll see these words used and reused in English.
Through just one additional step to the vocabulary learning process—learning word origins—you can improve your understanding of English as a whole. Now that’s magical.
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English Is Always Growing
Last December, the Oxford English Dictionary added 500 new words and phrases to the dictionary. Not 500 words for the year—the English language gained 500 officially recognized words and phrases in just three months!
English is a living language. That means it’s always growing and changing. Many things influence the English language and its growth, but no matter how new or old a word is, you can probably trace it back to an original word or the moment when it was accepted into the language.
Whether the word is fleek (meaning “nice,” from 2003) or fleet (meaning a group of military ships, from the year 1200), most English words came from somewhere else.
Some words are borrowed from other languages and turn into English words with few or no changes, like the Italian words for pizza and zucchini. Other words are changed a lot more and become barely recognizable, like the Latin word pax which turned into peace in English.
No matter how different a word is from its origin, though, knowing where it came from can help you become a better English learner.
How Learning Word Origins Can Improve Your English
When you learn a new word, do you remember to learn its different forms and tenses as well? After all, knowing the word “to see” isn’t enough when you want to talk about something you saw last week. You’ll need to say “to see” in different forms and tenses, such as “I see,” “I saw,” “I’m going to see” and “you’ve seen.” You can apply the same idea to word origins.
When you learn the origin of a word, you might see it again in another word. When that happens, you might be able to get a basic understanding of the new word.
For example, look at these words:
Transport
Transgress
Transaction
Notice anything similar about them? They all have the word trans in them, which comes from the Latin word meaning “across.” Now even if you don’t know the full meaning of the words you can figure out that they deal with something going across.
Now look at the original meanings of the other parts of the words:
Port — To carry
So, it makes sense that to transport something means that you carry something across a space. For example, a bus might transport people from one city to another. A plane might transport people from one country to another.
Gress — To go
To transgress means that you cross a boundary, rule or law.
Action — To do
A transaction usually involves an exchange or trade of some kind. For example, when you give money to a cashier to buy a new shirt, this is a transaction.
You can probably figure out what the words mean from this information. See how much we knew before you even thought about opening a dictionary? It’s all thanks to knowing word origins!
Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes
English words are often made from root words, with prefixes and suffixes joined to them.
A prefix is added to the beginning of a word. The bi in bicycle is a prefix that means “two” (as in two wheels).
A suffix is added to the end of a word. The less in endless is a suffix that means “without” (which is why endless means “without an end”).
Once you remove all the prefixes and suffixes on a word, you’re left with its root, which is the part of the word that gives its main meaning. The words cycle and end in the above words are roots.
Different prefixes and suffixes are added to a root to change its meaning and create new words. For example, the root word hand can become unhand (to let go), handout (something you give for free) or even handsome (good looking).
All three words have different meanings, but they’re all related in one way or another to hand. The first two words seem related to hand, but how is handsome related to hand? A long time ago, the word used to mean “easy to handle” and then later became a term you use to show appreciation for someone.
Understanding roots and word origins like this will make it easier to understand new words, and even why they mean what they mean. The next time you see a word that has hand in it, you’ll be one step closer to understanding it before you even look it up.
Below are just 16 words. From these 16 words, you’ll learn the meanings of more than 30 other words! Once you know each word’s origin, you’ll begin to notice it in other words.
A majority of English word roots come from Latin and Greek. Even English words that come from other languages like French or German are sometimes originally Latin anyway—so they were Latin first, then became French or German and then they became English.
Many words on this list have gone through a few languages before getting to English, but in this post we’ll focus on just one main origin.
The “related words” sections give a sample of the other words you can learn using these origins, but there are many, many more out there. Most related words are broken down into their own origins, which are defined and then pointed out in parentheses (like these).
For example, if you see the words “together (sym),” you’ll know that the root sym means together. Simple!
And now, the words!
Greek
1. Phone
Meaning: A phone is a device that’s used to communicate with people from a distance (you might be using a phone to read this!).
Origin: The English word phone is actually short for telephone, which comes from the Greek words for sound (phon) and far away (tele).
Related words: Homophones are words that sound (phon) the same (homo) but are spelled differently, like hear and here. If you like hearing nice things you might enjoy a symphony, which is when many instruments play together (sym) to make a beautiful sound (phon)… usually.
2. Hyper
Meaning: Someone who is hyper is very energetic and lively.
Origin: Hyper actually a shortening of the word hyperactive, which combines the Greek word meaning “over, beyond” (hyper) and the Latin word for something that’s done (act).
Related words: When someone tells you they’re so hungry they could eat a horse, you know they’re just exaggerating by using a hyperbole—stretching the truth, like throwing (bole) something too far (hyper). No matter how exciting someone’s hyperbole is, try not to hyperventilate! That means to breathe or blow out air (ventilate) too much (hyper) in a way that makes you dizzy.
3. Sync
Meaning: When a few things happen at the same time or in the same way, they’re in sync. This word is a shortening of the word synchronize, but it’s used alone nowadays as a verb (your phone apps might even sync to make sure your files are up to date).
Origin: Sync comes from a Greek word that means to be together (sym or syn).
Related words: A synopsis is a summary of something like a movie or a play. It’s a way for everyone to see (opsis) the meaning together (syn). Synopsis and summary are actually synonyms, which are words that share the same (syn) meaning but have a different sound or name (onym).
Stay away from a play if the synopsis says the actors lip-sync. That means they move their lips (lip) together (syn) with the music without actually creating the sounds themselves.
4. Air
Meaning: Air is all around us. It’s the invisible gas that creates our atmosphere. Without air, we wouldn’t be able to breathe!
Origin: The word air has gone through a few languages before ending up in English, but it probably comes from the Greek word aer, which means to blow or breathe. You can actually find words that use both aer and air.
Related words: An airplane is a relatively flat object (plane) that flies in the air (air). Airplanes are aerodynamic, which means they use the air (aer) to power (dynamic) their flight. Don’t forget to look down when you’re in that plane, since aerial (of the air) views are pretty amazing!
Latin
5. Dense
Meaning: Something dense is packed tightly or very thick. For example, a fog can be so dense, or thick, that you can’t see much through it.
Origin: Dense comes from the Latin for “thick” (densus).
Related words: You can see condensation when evaporated water molecules join together (con) and becomes thick (dens) enough to form droplets. Density is the measure of how thickly packed (dens) something is, like people or things in one space.
6. Finish
Meaning: To finish something means to be done with it. In a few seconds you’ll be finished reading this sentence.
Origin: Finish comes from the Latin word finis which means “end.” In many words, this is shortened to fin.
Related words: You’ve probably defined a lot of vocabulary words in your English learning, which means you’ve looked up what the words mean. You could say that you’ve brought an end (both de and fin), to your lack of understanding! Don’t worry, there’s a finite number of words in English, which is a noun (ite) that means something that has a limit or end (fin). If English were infinite, or without (in) a limit, we would be learning it forever!
7. Form
Meaning: The form of something is its shape. As a verb, the word to form means to create something in a specific shape.
Origin: The word form comes from the Latin words for a mold (forma) and the Latin verb to form or to create (formare).
Related words: Many jobs and schools require people to wear a uniform, which is clothing that all looks the same or has one (uni) style (form). When places don’t have strict rules about what clothes to wear, they’re informal, or without (in) a specific shape (form).
8. Letter
Meaning: A letter is a symbol that represents a sound in a language, like a, b, c, or the rest of the alphabet. A letter is also a message you write and send to someone. Emails are digital letters!
Origin: In Latin, a letter was called a littera, and the lit and liter parts of this word appear in many English words that are related to letters.
Related words: If you’re reading this, you’re literate—you know how to read (liter). You probably read literature (books) and hopefully don’t take fiction too literally (seriously and exactly). All these words are forms of the stem liter, but their suffixes turn them into someone who reads (literate), something that exists (literature), and someone who does things to the letter (literally).
9. Part
Meaning: A part is a piece of a whole, something that isn’t complete. In verb form, the word to part means to divide or remove something.
Origin: This word comes from the Latin partire or partiri, which means to divide or share among others.
Related words: Somebody impartial has no (im) opinion about something (they take no part in the debate). You can be impartial about whether you live in a house or an apartment. An apartment is the result (ment) of dividing a building into smaller spaces (part). Wherever you live, make sure it’s safe—you wouldn’t want to put your family in jeopardy, which is a dangerous situation or, according to the original definition, an evenly divided (part) game (jeo).
10. Voice
Meaning: Your voice is the sound you use to speak. You can also voice, or state, an opinion.
Origin: The Latin word for voice is vox, and the word for “to call” is vocare. These two related words are the origin of a number of English words related to speech or voices. They usually include the root voc or vok.
Related words: An advocate is someone who calls (voc) others to help him (ate) support a cause or a person. Even someone who means well might end up provoking someone who doesn’t agree with them. To provoke someone means to call someone (vok) forward (pro) and challenge them in a way that usually makes them angry.
Old Norse
11. Loft
Meaning: A loft is a room right under the roof or very high up in a building. The loft in a house is usually used for storage, but building lofts are rented out as (usually smaller) living spaces.
Origin: The Old Norse word for air or sky was lopt, which is written as loft in English.
Related words: Something aloft is up in (a) the air (loft). If something is very tall, you would say it’s lofty, which is the adjective form of loft. In the same way, someone lofty has a very high (loft) opinion of themselves, which makes them act proud or snobbish.
French
12. Question
Meaning: Asking a question means trying to get information about something. Questions end in question marks (?).
Origin: Originally from Latin, English borrowed the Old French word question and never gave it back. The word means “to ask” or “to seek,” and it shows up in a number of ways in other words, from quire to quest. This one can be tough to spot since it switches between using the French and Latin versions of the word.
Related words: Some fantasy books have the main characters going on a quest, or a long and difficult search (quest) for something. Maybe you’re more interested in murder mystery books, which often have an inquest, or an official investigation (quest) into (in) someone’s suspicious death. If these types of books sound interesting, you can inquire, or ask (quest) about (in) them at your local library.
13. Peace
Meaning: Peace is a calm state of being. It means no wars or troubles. Peace is a wonderful thing!
Origin: The Latin pax and Old French pais both mean peace, and English words use both as prefixes and suffixes. Look for words with pac or peas in them (just not the kind of peas you eat. That’s a whole other word).
Related words: To pacify means to make (ify) someone calmer (pac). To calm someone, you can try to appease them, which means to (a) bring them peace (peas) by giving them what they want.
14. Liberty
Meaning: Liberty is the state of being free. The Statue of Liberty in New York is a symbol of freedom.
Origin: Another originally Latin word, liberty found its way into English through the Old French liberete, usually shortened to lib.
Related words: A liberator is a person (ator) who sets others free (lib) from a situation like slavery, jail or a bad leader. Becoming free means being open to changes, so it helps if you’re liberal—someone with a personality (al) that’s open to (lib) new ideas or ways of thinking.
Italian
15. Gusto
Meaning: Doing something with gusto means really enjoying it and being enthusiastic about it.
Origin: The Italian word gusto actually means taste, and comes from the Latin for taste, gustus.
Related words: You won’t do something with gusto if you find it disgusting. That’s the negative feeling you get about something you think is unpleasant—literally, without (dis) taste (gust).
Arabic
16. Check
Meaning: To check means to take a close look at something, or to make sure of something (verify it). For example, before you leave for work in the morning you might check that you have everything you need. Check can also be used as a verb that means to stop or slow something down.
Origin: The word check has an interesting history, moving from language to language and changing its meaning a little with each one. The word is originally from Persian and then Arabic, where it meant “king.” Over time, the word started being used in the game of chess and was defined as “to control.” Eventually the word’s meaning changed to what it is today. So much history in such a small word!
Related words: Leaving something unchecked means leaving something without (un) limits or control (check). If you leave weeds to grow unchecked in your yard, for example, they’ll take over and destroy your other plants. The word check on its own also refers to a piece of paper worth a certain amount of money (you write checks to pay bills). A raincheck used to be a ticket given to people attending outdoor events that had to be stopped because of rain. Today a raincheck is just a promise to do something another time.
The more roots and word origins you know, the easier it will become to learn new words.
Don’t stop learning here! Can you find words that use the related roots, too?
There are always new words to discover, and now you know exactly what to look for!
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This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you
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Click here to get a copy. (Download)
- Top Definitions
- Synonyms
- Quiz
- Related Content
- Examples
- British
- Scientific
This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.
[ awr-i-jin, or— ]
/ ˈɔr ɪ dʒɪn, ˈɒr- /
This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.
noun
something from which anything arises or is derived; source; fountainhead: to follow a stream to its origin.
rise or derivation from a particular source: the origin of a word.
the first stage of existence; beginning: the origin of Quakerism in America.
ancestry; parentage; extraction: to be of Scottish origin.
Anatomy.
- the point of derivation.
- the more fixed portion of a muscle.
Mathematics.
- the point in a Cartesian coordinate system where the axes intersect.
- Also called pole. the point from which rays designating specific angles originate and are measured from in a polar coordinate system with no axes.
QUIZ
CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES?
There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates?
Which sentence is correct?
Origin of origin
1350–1400; Middle English <Latin orīgin- (stem of orīgō) beginning, source, lineage, derivative of orīrī to rise; cf. orient
Words nearby origin
orig., origami, origan, origanum, Origen, origin, original, original equipment manufacturer, originalism, originality, originally
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
Words related to origin
ancestor, ancestry, connection, element, influence, motive, provenance, root, source, birth, genesis, descent, lineage, agent, antecedent, author, base, causality, causation, creator
How to use origin in a sentence
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I think we can see Liz’s story is sort of an origin point for so many cultural themes today.
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Its 2018 report, “Reclaiming Native Truth,” explored the perceptions that Americans have of Native people, the origins of those perceptions and the impact that the perceptions have on Native people, particularly children.
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In speaking with Parents for Peace, however, she began to think more about the origins of his views.
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The notion of centering my column on “new” revelations about the origins of the Pentagon Papers seemed to be collapsing.
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The scenario involved one storm, with origins in the Pacific Ocean, that would race across the country, die out over Ohio, and then hand off its energy to a secondary storm developing off the Mid-Atlantic coast.
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“The origin of Brokpas is lost in antiquity,” a research article from the University of Delhi notes.
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The mythic origin of the feast was the creation of the world by the god Marduk.
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Some of the more notorious “green on blue” attacks have their origin in such outraged honor.
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Black Alice and Strix have origin stories that more closely resemble the archetypal comic heroes.
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The virus had to come from somewhere, but no one could figure out its origin.
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Just corporeal enough to attest humanity, yet sufficiently transparent to let the celestial origin shine through.
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But not only has the name tobacco and the implements employed in its use caused much discussion but also the origin of the plant.
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A marked increase indicates some pathologic condition at the site of their origin.
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William King, archbishop of Dublin, died; author of a celebrated treatise on the origin of evil.
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Carpenter were the leaders, and this is claimed to have been the origin of Mechanics’ Institutes.
British Dictionary definitions for origin
noun
a primary source; derivation
the beginning of something; first stage or part
(often plural) ancestry or parentage; birth; extraction
anatomy
- the end of a muscle, opposite its point of insertion
- the beginning of a nerve or blood vessel or the site where it first starts to branch out
maths
- the point of intersection of coordinate axes or planes
- the point whose coordinates are all zeroSee also pole 2 (def.
commerce the country from which a commodity or product originatesshipment from origin
Word Origin for origin
C16: from French origine, from Latin orīgō beginning, birth, from orīrī to rise, spring from
Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Scientific definitions for origin
The point at which the axes of a Cartesian coordinate system intersect. The coordinates of the origin are (0,0) in two dimensions and (0,0,0) in three dimensions.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2011. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
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Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:
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Words of Native origin. Semantic
Characteristics and Collocability -
2 слайд
In my research I intend to consider such an important topic as native English words. I believe that this research is very relevant nowadays as the native English word-stock has not been sufficiently studied yet. Many people and scientists do not understand what role these words play in modern life. There are a lot of borrowings in modern English from Latin, Greek, Old French and Scandinavian languages. I think we must be able to separate the native words from borrowed.
The aims of my scientific work are:
1). To research resources of native English word-stock:
2). To understand the importance of native words in modern life;
3). To classify and characterize the words of native origin.
INTRODUCTION -
3 слайд
Etymologically, the English language consists of two main parts: the native words (native word stock) and the borrowed words (borrowed stock). Native words comprise only about 30% of the total number of words in the English language. Native words are words of Anglo-Saxon origin.
Old English, or English of Anglo-Saxon period is considered as the oldest form of English. The early Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, including literature and language.
CHAPTER 1. Characteristics of native words
1. Resources and classification -
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A native word is a word which belongs to the original English stock, as known from the earliest available manuscripts of the Old English period.
All native words we can subdivided into two main groups:
1). Words of the Common Indo-European stock (these words have the element by which we mean words of roots common to all or most languages of the Indo-European group.)
2). Words of the Common Indo-European stock (The Germanic element represents words of roots common to all or most Germanic languages.) -
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Common Indo-European and Germanic words we can divided into several semantic classes:
Natural phenomena: wind, water, stone, wood, star, hill, moon, sun, door, storm, sea, rain, fire, snow, ice.
Parts of body: nose, mouth, eye ear, heart, arm, knee, tongue, chin, bone, hand, foot.
Calendar: day, month, year, summer, winter.
Animals and birds: bull, cow, horse, dog, hen, goat, swine, goose, fish, cat, cock, wolf, crow, beaver, mouse.
Time of day: day, night.
Colours: red, white, black.
Family relations: mother, father, brother, son, daughter, sister.
Physical properties: slow, quick, thin, cold, light, hard, long, good, dark, bare, wide.
Nouns: life, meal, cloth, room, hope, iron, evil, ground, shirt, shoe, rest, bridge, shop, room. -
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Adverbs: behind, but, still, yet, well.
Pronouns: I, you, he, this.
Common verbs: be, do, go, come, have, ask, see, eat, love, kiss, stand, help, beat, sit, send, drink, fly, swim, sell, think, bear, forget, sing, follow, make, shake, live, rise, bake, keep, learn, meat.
Prepositions: for, by, with, in, of.
Numerals: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, ten, hundred.
Adjectives: soft, dear, sharp, deaf, deep.
Modal verbs: shall, should, will, would, must, may, can.
Conjunctions: but, and, till, as. -
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1.2 Characteristic features of native words
The phonetic characteristics of native words:
1). monosyllabic (day, year, cow, dog, cat);
2) The oppositions between long and short sounds.
3) The final voiced consonants are never devoiced.
The semantic characteristics:
1). High frequency value.
2). Wide range of lexical and grammatical valency.
3). Developed polysemy4).Great word-building power (watch, watcher, watchful, watch-out).
5). Enter a number of set expressions (be on the watch, watch one’s step, keep watch, watchful as a hawk). -
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Conclusions to the chapter 1
In the first chapter we discovered that English language subdivided into two etymological groups: native and borrowed words. Native English words comprise about 30% of the total number of words in the language. All these words belong to the Anglo-Saxon period.
We defined that a significant percent of native words is still survived. These words can be divided into several parts: names of members of family, animals, birds, plants, colours, physical properties.
We learned that these words are names of simple subjects and we often use them in everyday speech. -
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Chapter 2. Collocability and value of the native words
2.1 Collocability
Most of the original words have large clusters of derivatives and complex words in modern language, for example wood was the starting point for the formation of words: wooden, woody, wooded, woodcraft, woodcutter, woodwork. The formation of new words is facilitated by the fact that most Anglo-Saxon words are root.
New words were formed from Anglo-Saxon roots by way of affixation, compositing and conversion. Such affixes of original origin as -er, -ness, -ish, -ed, un-, mis- have been widely used throughout the history of English to create new words, although many of them have changed their meaning or become polysemantic. -
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Some native words were used as components of compounds so often that they have acquired the status of derivational affixes (e. g. -dom, -hood, -ly, over-, out-, under-), others are now semi-affixational morphemes.
Semantic characteristics, stability and wide compatibility of native words explain their wide distribution and frequency of use in speech.
Words with a new non-derived stem branch off from primary simple words as a result of simplification of some derivatives in a cluster of words and their semantic isolation, as in king, kind n, kind a and kin n, from which all of them were derived or bless and bleed derived from blood.
Sometimes a word split into two or more words with different forms and meanings (i.e. etymological doublets) due to the difference in function and stress, as is the case with off and of (from OE. of which was stressed as an adverb and unstressed as a preposition). Dialectal forms of a word may develop into independent words, as in one and an (< OE. an), whole and hale (< OE. hāl). New root-words based on Anglo-Saxon words also came into being with the rise of homonyms owing to the split of polysemy. -
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2.2. Value of the native words in modern English
English vocabulary can be divided into two groups: 70% of borrowings in English language, 30% of native words.
Many Latin borrowings came in the period of trade in 5 century (port, pound, etc.), in the time of Christianity (alter, dean), Renaissance (memorandum, vice versa).
The large group of borrowings is French borrowings. Words connected with jurisprudence (petition, advocate), military sphere (army, battle), fashion (luxury, coat), art (ballet).
A lot of cultural borrowings came into English from the Italian language, musical terms (solo, piano, opera), geographical terms (lava, volcano), such terms as fiasco, incognito, graffiti.
A great number of borrowings came from the Russian language. These words are connected with political situation. Among them: komsomol, kolkhoz, nomenclature, glasnost, perestroika and others. -
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Summing up the influence of borrowing I can say that foreign words have greatly enriched the English vocabulary. However, we need to note the great value of the word of native origin. These words are constituted the main part of modern English. Millions of people use exactly native English words in everyday life.
Native words are common verb, simple adjectives, names of parts of body, colours, all the modal verbs, prepositions and conjunctions. When we begin to study English we read and remember simple expressions. As we have considered one of the characteristic feature of native words is monosyllabic structure. These type of words are short (son, lord, daisy, bird, boy, call, woman, cat, cow).
I suppose that all the English learners should study words of native origin at first and then to replenish their vocabulary with international words and borrowing. It would be useful for understanding history, structure and lexicology of English. -
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Conclusions to the chapter 2
In the second chapter we considered the collocability of the native words. We learned of formation ability of some words. We defined ways of word-forming (affixation, composing, conversion) of Anglo-Saxon roots, polysemy of Old English words and native morphemes. It is worth to note the wide collocability of native words and their frequency in speech.
In the Chapter 2 we also met with archaic, poetic and historical terms (lore, methinks, whilom, thane, yeomen).
In the second part of the chapter we research the value of borrowing and native words. We compare the significances and come to the conclusion that words of native origin have a great value for English learners all over the world. I think that it is very important to learn, to preserve identity of native English words. -
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CONCLUSION
Now there a lot of international words in all of languages. But it is very important to identify your language or foreign language. I think my investigation helps learners of English to understand the value of words of native origin, to research a part of history, to analyze the percent of borrowing and to value the uniqueness of the languages.
The aims of my work were achieved.
1). I managed to classify and characterized the native words;
2). I researched resources of native English word-stock;
3). I understood the importance and value of native English words.
Summing up all the research I should say that English language is the main international language and its native word-stock is the main lexicon of foreign learners. We use these words in everyday life but do not understand their origin and value. -
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