The word which is used to say that we need something

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• On this page:
• Quick Reference
• Present continuous in detail
• Teaching ideas

Quick reference

Form

am/is/are + present participle (verb + ing)

Meaning

1. Present continuous is used to talk about something that is happening at the time of speaking. The action is not finished.
   • He is speaking to John.
   • What is she doing?
2. Present continuous is used to talk about temporary situations.
   • I‘m living in London at the moment.
   • Why is she moving house?
3. Present continuous is used to talk about changing situations.
   • You’re getting taller and taller every day.
   • The weather‘s getting warmer.
4. Present continuous is used to talk about repeated actions around the time of speaking.
   • I’m seeing Jane a lot these days.
5. Present continuous is used to talk about future arrangements.
   • I’m meeting my father at the airport at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
   • We’re having lunch together at the weekend.
6. Present continuous is used with words such as ALWAYS to talk about things that happen repeatedly (sometimes to say that something is irritating or annoying).
   • She‘s always complaining about how difficult her life is.
7. When we are talking about how someone looks or feels, present continuous or present simple can be used.
   • How are you feeling? / How do you feel?
   • Jenny is looking really good today? / Jenny looks really good today.

Additional points

1. Some verbs are not normally used with present continuous because these verbs are not normally action verbs, for example: believe, belong, depend, hate, know, like, love, mean, need, prefer, realise, suppose, want, understand.
   • They know each other very well – correct
   • They are knowing each other very well – incorrect

Present continuous in detail

Present continuous form

How do we form the present continuous?

We form the present continuous with the auxiliary verb “be” and the present participle form of the main verb. For the auxiliary verb “be” we use its present forms am, are and is:

am/are/is + present participle

The present participle form of all verbs ends in “ing”, and to make it we normally simply need to add “ing” to the base form of the verb. There are some exceptions though:

Verb	Rule	Example
Most verbs ending with consonant + “e”	take off the “e”	hoping; taking
Most verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant	double the last consonant	batting; referring; swimming
Verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant where the last consonant is “w”, “x” or “y”	don’t double the last consonant	blowing; flexing
Verbs ending in “ie”	change the “ie” to “y”	dying; lying
Verbs ending in “c”	add “k”	panicking

Present continuous affirmative

Here are some examples of present continuous sentences using am/are/is and the present participle:

• I am typing on my computer.
• They are laughing at the dog.
• You are swimming in the pool.

We can use a contraction of the auxiliary verb in order to sound more natural in spoken English:

• I’m typing on my computer.
• They’re laughing at the dog.
• You’re swimming in the pool.

Present continuous questions

To make present continuous questions we can use subject-auxiliary inversion. This means that we swap around the position of the auxiliary verb and the subject. Here’s how it works with yes/no questions:

• Am I typing on my computer?
• Are they laughing at the dog?
• Are you swimming in the pool?

And here are some examples of object and adverb questions, adding a question word to the beginning of the questions:

• What am I typing on my computer?
• Why are they laughing at the dog?
• Why are you swimming in the pool?

For present continuous subject questions, the question word just replaces the subject, like this:

• Who is typing on my computer?
• Who is laughing at the dog?
• Who is swimming in the pool?

With subject questions, we always use “is” for the auxiliary verb. That’s because when we’re asking a question about the subject we don’t yet know if the subject is in the first person, second person or third person. If we knew this, we wouldn’t need to ask the question in the first place.

Present continuous negatives

To make a negative present continuous sentence, we use an auxiliary verb (which we already have) and “not”. Here are some examples:

• I am not typing on my computer.
• They are not laughing at the dog.
• You are not swimming in the pool.

We can contract these negative present continuous sentences, like this:

• I ‘m not typing on my computer.
• They ‘re not laughing at the dog.
• You ‘re not swimming in the pool.

Present continuous meaning

When do we use the present continuous?

Now that we’ve seen how to make a present continuous sentence, let’s have a look at why we use it – its meaning. We can get a clue from the other name for present continuous: present progressive. The word “progressive” suggests something which is in progress or changing.

Here are the different uses of the present continuous:

Actions in progress at or around the time of speaking

Have a look at these sentences:

• John and Anna are playing tennis.
• Superman is flying very quickly through the sky.

The speaker chooses to use present continuous in both these sentences to tell us that these actions are in progress at the time of speaking. For this to be true these actions must have started at some point before the time of speaking (although we don’t know exactly when – maybe 10 seconds before, maybe one hour) and will finish at some point after the time of speaking (again we don’t know exactly when.)

If we compare these sentences to the present simple we can see the difference in meaning:

• John and Anna play tennis.
• Superman flies very quickly through the sky.

Now we simply have two facts. We don’t have any information about whether John, Anna and Superman are playing tennis and flying at the moment (they may or may not be) – we simply know that this is what they do.

Temporary situations

We also use present progressive to talk about situations which we think of as temporary. Here are some examples:

• Jane’s driving her husband’s car at the moment because hers is being repaired.
• I’m staying with a friend in London.

We understand when we hear these sentences that as soon as Jane’s car is repaired she will stop driving her husband’s, and that some time soon I will find a place of my own to live. So we think of these situations as temporary and expect them to end soon. We often use time expressions like “for the time being” and “this week” in this kind of sentence.

Let’s compare one of these sentences to the present simple:

• I’m staying with a friend in London. (present progressive)
• I stay with a friend in London. (present simple)

If the speaker chooses to say “I stay with a friend in London” he wants to give the impression that it’s fairly permanent – he doesn’t have any intention of finding a place of his own in the foreseeable future. (In fact this sentence sounds quite strange, because to stay with a friend permanently is unusual.) If instead he chooses to say “I’m staying with a friend in London” he gives the impression that it’s only temporary – he’s staying with his friend now but expects to find his own place soon.

Now, if you look again at the “playing tennis” and “Superman” examples you might well be thinking that they too are temporary situations. Unless John and Anna intend to continue their game of tennis for all eternity we can understand that the action will end sometime soon. So what’s the difference? Well, let’s write two different versions of the “tennis” example and find out:

• John and Anna are playing tennis.
• John and Anna are playing tennis this week because the swimming pool is closed.

In the first sentence the action is in progress as we speak. In the second sentence though the emphasis is on the fact that John and Anna’s situation (having to play tennis) is a temporary one, which we expect to end just as soon as the gym reopens. They may or may not be actually playing tennis at this particular moment.

And this tells us something important about meaning. Very often just the verb form itself (choosing present progressive rather than present simple, for example) gives us enough information about the meaning of what is said. But sometimes – like in this case – we may also need information from the context (what we know about the situation) or from the words surrounding the example (called the cotext) in order to understand the more precise meaning.

Changing situations

We said earlier that the word “progressive” can suggest something which is changing, which brings us to the next reason to use present progressive.

• Alex is getting taller every day!
• House prices are going up.

These are changing situations. Once again there is not necessarily a clear distinction between this and the other meanings we’ve already seen. The actions of “getting taller” and “going up” are both in progress at the time of speaking and are probably temporary too. Alex will, we imagine, stop growing at some point and house prices will probably fall at some point too. But with these sentences we have the added meaning that something (Alex’s height, house prices) is changing. We didn’t get this meaning with our other examples – there was no change involved when we said “Superman is flying” and “She’s driving her husband’s car”.

Repeated actions around the time of speaking

We use present progressive to show that an action or occurrence happens repeatedly around the time of speaking. Sometimes this repeated action causes us to be surprised or curious because of a change in the other person’s normal behaviour, and sometimes it makes us irritated. Have a look at these examples:

• You’re seeing Jane a lot these days.
• Bob’s always complaining about how difficult his life is.

In the first example the speaker is surprised, or perhaps curious to know more, because “seeing Jane a lot” represents a change in the other person’s normal behaviour. In the second example the speaker is annoyed at Bob’s constant complaining. We normally use “always” before the main verb to show this irritation.

Now, saying these two sentences in the present simple also works, but again if we do this we are left with just plain facts – we lose the information about how the speaker feels about the situation:

• You see a lot of Jane these days.
• Bob always complains about how difficult his life is.

Present continuous additional points

Present continuous and stative verbs

Dynamic verbs describe an action or occurrence, and stative verbs describe a state of being. Here are some examples of dynamic and stative verbs in present continuous:

• The dog is walking down the road. (dynamic verb)
• I am building a beautiful house on this land. (dynamic verb)
• Anna is knowing Jim well. (stative verb)
• I am liking cake. (stative verb)

The two sentences with the dynamic verbs sound okay – it looks like using these verbs in the progressive form works. But the sentences with the stative verbs don’t sound quite right. And that’s because there is no action involved with these verbs. Anna either knows Jim or she doesn’t, and I either like cake or I don’t. It isn’t possible (or would at least be very strange) for Anna to know Jim or for me to like cake only at the time of speaking. As a result, we don’t normally use stative verbs in the present continuous form.

Some verbs though can be both dynamic and stative, depending on how we use them. This means that we can use the verb with its dynamic meaning in the present progressive form:

• I think France is a great place to live. (think – stative – present simple)
• Wait! Can’t you see he’s thinking about his answer? (think – dynamic – present continuous)

It’s also becoming more and more common to use verbs which were traditionally only stative verbs in continuous form. Here’s an example:

• I love your new car. (love – stative – present simple)
• I’m loving your new car! (love – stative but used in a dynamic way – present progressive)

Are present continuous and present progressive the same?

Present progressive is another name for present continuous and so they are exactly the same. Using “present progressive” gives us a better idea of its meaning – the word “progressive” suggests that something is in progress or changing.

Present continuous signal words

Signal words are words or phrases which often go hand in hand with a particular tense. They can give us clues about which tense to expect or to use. Some common signal words with present continuous are time words like “now”, “at the moment”, “this week” and “for the time being” and the words “Look!” and “Listen!”

• Look! The match is starting.
• Listen! The baby is crying.
• Sorry, I can’t come. I’m working at the moment.
• I’m staying in Manchester this week.

We have to be a bit careful with signal words though – they can just as easily signal another tense:

• Look! He knocked over the glass. (past simple)
• Listen! The baby has stopped crying. (present perfect)
• I’ve done a lot of work this week. (present perfect)

Related grammar points

Past Continuous
Present Simple
Tense and aspect

1. Fill in each space with a suitable form of a verb.
You can use some verbs more than once.

say tell speak talk

1) Tom _____ “This is great!”
2) She _____ that she might be late.
3) He _____ us the answer.
4) I’m going to _____ something to the neighbours about the noise.
5) She _____ us about her travels around North America.
6) _____ us about Africa.
7) I’m going to _____ something about my trip to Africa.
The clock _____ it’s five past ten.
9) The newspaper _____ there’s been a hijacking.
10) People _____ he’s a bit mad.
11) _____ me what you need.
12) It’s impossible to _____ the twins apart.
13) _____ we do this, what would happen?
14) Have you anything to _____ in your defence?
15) She _____ them that she might be late.
16) The policeman _____ me to go with him.
17) I _____ you the reason why I was out late.
18) I’ve never _____ a lie in my whole life.
19) Let’s _____ about the problem.
20) She often _____ about her days as a student.
21) The lecturer is going to _____ about the modern novel.
22) Let’s just _____ he doesn’t always _____ the truth.
23) The label _____ it was produced in America.
24) He _____ me to close the door.
25) “Close the door,” he _____.
26) If you have something to _____, say it now.
27) _____ her how to do it.
28) The letter _____ we’ve won first prize.
29) I didn’t do it – somebody’s been _____ tales.
30) She _____ goodbye to her parents.

2. Fill in each space with a suitable form of a verb.
You can use some verbs more than once.

say tell speak talk discuss persuade give convince deny turn down

1)
A: People _____ that he’s been all round the world.
B: Yes, he’s always _____ about his travels.

2)
A: He was _____ us another one of his stories.
B: Does he ever _____ the truth?

3)
A: Rose is brilliant at _____ jokes.
B: I hope we can _____ her to tell us some tonight.

4)
A: Why don’t you ask the doctor to _____ you a second opinion?
B: Yes, I ought to _____ to someone else about it.

5)
A: Doctor, they _____ it’s urgent.
B: Very well, _____ them I’m on my way.

6)
A: They _____ the Prime Minister will be _____ about a new law in Parliament today.
B: I wonder what he’s going to _____ this time.

7)
A: You _____ me you were at the pub last night.
B: What are you _____ about?

A: I believe what he _____.
B: I don’t. I am _____ he’s been _____ lies.

9)
A: You _____ him some good advice about his interview.
B: But he didn’t get the job. I wonder why he was _______?

10)
A: You can’t _____ that you _____ Kate my secret.
B: No, I didn’t. But it seems I can’t _____ you. Maybe we can _____ this later.

11) Her evidence _____ the court.
12) We finally _____ them of our innocence.
13) I finally _____ her to go out for a drink.
14) He refused to come in spite of our efforts to _____ him.
15) She _____ to help us.
16) They _____ her brother’s offer of help.
17) She _____ a second piece of cake.
18) He _____ all the rumours.
19) She _____ that she had stolen the money.
20) She _____ the children permission to play in the garden.

3. Read the text below and add the word which best fits each space.

talk, give, say, turn down, persuade, tell, discuss, deny, refuse,
convince

A Friend in Need

I can’t say when I first realised that Billy was in
trouble with the police. He had often _____(1) to me about his problems and, as his
friend, I had _____(2) him the best advice I could. I also _____(3) I’d let him come and
stay with me but he _____(4) my offer. I tried to _____(5) him to stop spending so much
money at his club and to sit down and _____(6) his problems with me but he _____(7) me to
mind my own business.
It was difficult to _____(8) to him after this, but I was _____(9) he was getting into
deeper trouble all the time. He had often _____(10) having anything to do with the local
gangs. But then the police came round and asked me to _____(11) them information about
Billy and I couldn’t _____(12), though I avoided _____(13) them anything that might do
him harm. They asked me to _____(14) them more details, but I managed to convince them
that I had _____(15) the truth.

KEYS:

1. 1. said/says; 2. said; 3. told; 4. say; 5. told; 6. Tell; 7.
say; 8. says; 9. says; 10. say; 11. Tell; 12. tell; 13. Say; 14. say; 15. told; 16. told;
17. told; 18. told; 19. talk; 20. talked;
21. speak; 22. say, tell; 23. says; 24. told; 25. said; 26. say;
27. Tell; 28. says; 29. telling; 30. said.

2. 1. A. say, B. talking; 2. A. telling, B. tell; 3. A. telling,
B. persuade; 4. A. give, B. talk; 5. A. said/say, B. tell; 6. A. say, speaking/talking, B.
say; 7. A. told, B. talking; 8. A. said/says, B. convinced, telling; 9. A. gave, B. turned
down;
10. A. deny, told, B. convince, discuss; 11. convinced; 12. convinced; 13. persuaded; 14.
persuade; 15. refused; 16. rejected/turned down; 17. refused/turned down; 18. denied; 19.
denied; 20. refused/denied.

3. 1. talked; 2. given; 3. said; 4. turned down/refused; 5.
persuade/tell; 6. discuss; 7. told; 8. talk; 9. convinced; 10. denied; 11. give; 12.
refuse; 13. telling; 14. give; 15. told.

Compiled by Elena Kisunko, Moscow, School No. 651,
Elena Muslanova, Moscow, Lyceum No. 1537

________ his
serious illness, he kept an eye on the whole business. (despite)

— the limit
on the quantity of the imported goods (quota)

. . . . . is
a kind of businessman who starts businesses and takes risks.
(Entrepreneur)

___ our
production costs have gone down by 3%, profits have not improved
significantly. Although.

_____ more
and more information is available, the number of Internet fraud
victims remains high. (Although)

________
hard all year, so I felt that

________ to
Turkey every year for your holidays? (do
you go )

_________ a
full refund (give)

__________is
just that can give businesses unlimited actions and allow them to
have fair competition. (laisser-faire)

_________ is
the word used to describe people who are clever and intelligent
(Bright)

__________
is an important part of doing business in South Korea. Drinking.

___________

is
one way to break the ice when meeting someone for the first time.
Small
talk.

___________
are paid to domestic producers to sell their goods more
cheaply.(Subsidies)

___________
plays a key role in Italian business culture. Hospitality.

____________
are taxes on imported goods.
(Tariffs)

______you
______ (change) them if they don’t improve? (Will
/change)

‘Who
________to_?’ ‘_________to get through to Helen’ (are
you phoning … I’m trying)

…manager
the complain to I’ll …-…I’ll
complain to the manager. (C)

A ___ is
money that one person, organization or country owes to another. Debt.

A
broadcasting of advertisement on TV or radio Commercial.

A buyer,
client or guest.
customer

A choice of
products may also be called a __________ of products. (range)

A date by
which you have to do something: __________ (
deadline)

A difficult
time for the economy of a country, when there is less business
activity.
Recession.

A fixed
amount of money that you earn each month or year from your job salary

A high —
level politician tells a friend in the police not to investigate the
murder of his mistress, and not to reveal the murder to journalists.
This is a ________. (cover
up)

A
m_____gn_____t_____c personality helps if you want people to follow
your ideas. (magnetic)

A man was
slightly injured in the accident but he ______ be taken to hospital.
(didn’t
have
to)

A name or
design belonging to particular company, used on its products
(trademark)

A paper with
a list of goods that have been sold, work that has been done,etc.
showing what you must pay.(invoice)

A person or
company that makes goods from raw materials. manufacturer

A person or
company who pro vides work for others. employer

A person or
organization that helps to arrange business deals between other
people. intermediary

A phenomenon
of being troubled or annoyed constantly by somebody (Harassment)

A printed
sheet of paper or a few printed pages that advertise or give
information about something. Leaflet.

A public
notice selling goods or services.
billboard

a rule or
law that limits what you can do or what can happen (restriction)

a separate
amount of money used by an organisation for illegal purposes *a
slush fund

A set of
rules for behaving correctly: __________ (
etiquette)

a short
phrase that is easy to remember and is used by an advertiser (slogan)

A short
phrase, easy to remember, that is sold to advertise a product. slogan

A summary or
record of what was said or decided at a formal meeting (minutes)

a system in
which countries agree not to charge import taxes on certain goods
they buy from each other is (fair
trade)

a tax on
goods coming into a country or going out of it (tariff)

A
trustworthy online seller will give you all the details about the
products or services. _____ , they will also provide information
about refund and cancellations. (Furthermore)

A written
promise that a company will repair something you buy from them
(guarantee)

A: It would
be ______for us to agree to anything else.
(difficult)

A: Sure. We
can take a short _____if you want to call them.
(break)

A: We’d be
prepared to increase the offer we made yesterday on the condition
that you extend the deal
to three years. If necessary, we’d even extend the service
contract.
(condition /deal)

A: We’d
like to ______ an agreement with you by the end of today.
(reach)

A: Well,
yes, it’s more than we usually ____. And as long as you guarantee
us exclusivity…(offer)

About £450.
Anyway, while I was
leaving
(leave), I realised
(realise) that I hadn’t
paid
(not pay) for a very expensive jacket. I was now in the street and
no-one in the shop knew…

According to
statistics, drivers over age of fifty have ______ accidents than
drivers under twenty- five. (fewer)

Advances in
……have revolutionized the way people communicate and do
business. Information
technology.

Advertising
done at the place where a product is sold is called ___ advertising.
Point
of sale.

Advertising
pizza on leaflets might look like not only eye-catching but also ___
. Mouth
watering.

After
________ up for a year, Susie bought a motorbike. (saving)

After a few
minutes we’d found we have loads of things in common. We just ___
like a house on fire. Got
on.

After a long
negotiation, we _____ reached an agreement. (finally)

After a lot
of difficulty he __________ to start his car. (managed)

After
extensive tests, our engineers ______ the fault. (identified)

After she
_________ hospital, she had a long holiday(left)

After the
product launch
(to launch) a few months ago, we were pleased that market feedback
said how reliable
(to rely) it was. (Launch/
reliable)

After
we
___________
all
our taxes, we ___________
very little money left for
reinvesting in the business.
(pay/will
have)

all the
people who buy a particular product or use a particular service
(niche)

All the
people who work for a company. employees

An act of
sending advertising or information to a large number of people at the
same time by mail. Mailshot

An amount of
money owed by a business to a supplier or lender. (обязательство,
задолженность)
liability

An amount of
money paid for goods or services.
Charge.

An
arrangement between a bank and a customer, allowing them to take out
more money from their account than they currently have in it.
overdraft

An
arrangement to borrow money to buy a house Mortgage.

An
arrangement with a bank to borrow money with a promise to pay it back
at a future date. loan

an attempt
to stop people from discovering the truth *a
cover up

an attempt
to stop people from discovering the truth and therefore protect
someone in authority *a
whitewash

An extra
payment or benefit that you get in your job.
perks

An idea or
plan that you offer for someone to consider: (suggestion)

an industry
that is considered to be extremely important to the economy
(strategic
industry)

An official
record of what was said and/or decided minutes

Are you
_________ in applying for the post as assistant manager? (interested)

As a gesture
of _________ , your host is likely to open your gift in your
presence. Respect.

As
soon as the goods
___________
, I
___________
you.
(arrive/will
call)

As we
already represent three major brands, Siemens probably _____ offer us
an exclusive contract. (won’t)

As you know,
we are ___ a lot of difficulties at present following the recent
merger. (a verb) facing

B: ______
on. Are you saying we won’t be able to use any other supplier?
(Hang)

B: Can you
tell me a little about what you have in_____?
(mind)

B: Have I
got this______? You’re doubling your offer on yesterday.(right)

B: I’ll
have to consult my colleagues about that _____. (point).

Be in charge
_________
a
department or project. (of
)

Be involved
_________
doing
something. (in
)

Be
responsible __________
an
area of work. (for)

Because the
company had been __________, the chief executive had to resign.
Mismanage.

Bilateral
(найти
определение)
two

Business
conversations
tend to be _____ and lively in Brazil . Fast.

buying or
selling company shares using information only available to employees
of that company *insider
trading

Can you
________ us the background on this? (give)

Can you
bring us up
to date? (up)

Capital that
a company has from shares rather than loans. (акция
без фиксированного дивиденда, обыкновенная
акция) equity

CD doesn’t
this work player — This
CD player doesn’t work. (C)

Companies
are in business to__________ profits. (make)

Companies
which specialize in recruitment are called ____________.
(headhunters)

Considering
something in order to discover how good or bad it is: (evaluation)

Could you
__________ your radio, please? It’s far too loud. (turn
down)

Could you
just hang ___

a moment, please. (on)

Could you
tell me what is
your salary is? (is)

Could you
tell to
me
why she left? (to)

Could you
type up the ___ after the meeting? minutes

Cross out
the word which does not normally go with the key word “investment”
. To
pay.

Cross out
the word which normally does not go with the key word “profit”.
To
do.

Cultural
awareness seminars, _____ the company only started five years ago,
have become their most popular courses. (which)

Deal
_________
an
area of work. (with)

decided_________
down the factory in Belgium. (to
close)

Demanding
money from somebody by threatening to tell unpleasant information
about him or her (Blackmail)

Detail,
which is something I don’t like, which is something I must deal
with. — Details,
which is something I don’t like, which is something I must deal
with.

Did she talk
___ you ___ her plans to leave the company? (to/about)

Dishonest
(найти
определение)
not

Do you
happen to know if they’ve finished? Have
they
finished?

Do you know
where the interview room is? Where
is
the interview room?

Do you mind
if can
I ask what your weaknesses are? (can)

Do you mind
if we come ___
to
that later on? back

Don’t ___
Chinese visitors by introducing “difficult” topics. Embarrass.

Don’t be
late for the departmental meeting, or you will get into ___ with
your boss. Hot
water.

Don’t
worry, I ____________ the
lights before I _________
.
(will
turn off/leave)

During a
routine… check
we found a fault.

During the
_________ period our future strategy was discussed. reconsider

Each person
will receive a _____ according to their sales performance. (bonus)

Entrepreneurs
need to be _____pp_____rt_____n_____st_____c and see anything as a
way to make money. (opportunistic)

Everybody
likes him.
popular

Everything
_______can be done will be done. (that)

Exboss
(найти
определение)
former

Experts are
worried that _________ is damaging the azone layer. (pollution)

Experts
predict
that there will be a marked shift from financial and technological
capital to human capital.

Fair trade
food has become a global __________ market.
(niche)

Food
__________ have complained at new charges on their exports.
(producers)

Formal
discussion when people are trying to reach an agreement.
(negotiation)

Fortunately
we withdrew the product as soon as we heard the first complaints, so
our reputation was only__________. slightly
damaged

Free trade
is when goods come in and out of a country without any __________ or
taxes. (controls)

Give the
synonym to before:
predict.

Give the
synonym to do
badly:
mismanage.

Give the
synonym to in
favour of:
pro-European.

Giving gifts
in the UAE is more complex
_______ in
other countries.
Than.

Good gifts
for a first trip to South Korea include office items with your
__________ . Company
logo.

Have you
__________ all the risks to our staff who remain working there?
(considered
)

Have you
considered __________ your supervisor? (asking)

Have you
read the report that which I left on your desk? — Have
you read the report that I left on your desk? / Have you read the
report which I left on your desk?

He denied
accepting _ _ _ when he gave the contract to the most expensive
supplier. (a
bribe)

He explained
__________ was wrong with the car. (what)

He first
arrived in England ______May 23^rd
1990. (on)

He gave the
judge a _______ to safe his brother from prison. (bribe)

He got
….idea after talking to…..beautiful girl on a boat.
(The
/a)

He is
outgoing among people. extrovert

He
pretended__________ me, but I don’t think he knew who I was. (to
recognize)

He promised
_______my salary. (to
review)

He refused
_________ the contract until he’d spoken to his boss. (to
sign)

He tried to
cheat the bank by producing false documents, but now he has been
found guilty of ____ . (fraud)

He wanted to
be sure of getting the contract, so he offered the directors ____ .
(a
sweetener)

He was
brought ____ in the country by his grandparents. (up)

He________a
mistake every time he counts the money. (makes)

He’s
responsible ________ (
for building our product package)

He’s
wasting time ___________ to persuade her – she’ll never change
her mind. (trying)

Help is
always available with our after-sales…
service
when you purchase a new machine.

Hiding the
origin of money (money
laundering)

High quality
leads to customer . . . . . . (satisfaction)

His driving
test is ___ Wednesday morning. (on)

His parents
__________ him study for three hours every evening. (made)

Hold ___
.
We need to look at this in more detail. (on)

How about
__________ for that job? (applying)

How do you
feel about
that? (about)

However,
….differences between….two are enormous. The,the.

hypercritical
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определение)
very

I ______
have taken the airport bus, but the last one had left so I got a
taxi. would

I ______, on
balance, we should… (think)

I _________
one of my special desserts for dinner if you like (’ll
make)

I ________a
good night’s sleep since last week. (haven’t
had)

I …. you
as soon as I get to my hotel this evening. Will
call.

I admire our
chairman. He’s a man of his word and is greatly respected for his
____ . (integrity)

I always find that a quick
______with my staff raises morale.
pep talk

I am afraid
I haven’t got ______ change – only a $10 note. (any)

I am
wonder
whether they’ll apply? (am)

I assume
that you’re fully aware______their history. (of)

I believe
that the benefits western farmers have enjoyed have resulted in
widespread___________.
(poverty)

I deserved a
holiday (I’d
worked)

I don’t
agree with
that at all. (with)

I don’t
like my boss. He gets so _____ggr_____ss_____v_____ whenever I ask a
question. (aggressive)

I don’t
think he did it. He has *integrity
and would never tell anyone anything.

I don’t
think that book is worth __________ . (reading)

I had to
listen___ dozens of customers complaining ___the price increase.
(to/about)

I have just
started a new job and have been thrown in the ___ end. Deep.

I have no
idea who she is. Who
is she?

I imagine
I’ll
get
a pay rise in January. (prediction, often with I think,
etc.)

I must
apologise _______being late. (for)

I really
felt ___ at the reception. Very few people spoke English, and those
who did, didn’t have much to say. Like
a fish outer water.

I returned
the faulty goods to the wholesalers and they gave me a full ___ .
refund

I spent
(spend) a fortune yesterday at a clothes shop.

I think
managers can be too th_____ _____ghtf_____l. Sometimes they need to
be impulsive. (thoughtful)

I think
there’s a mistake in these figures. We will have to _______ the
calculation again (do)

I think we
can compete__ them. It depends __ the success of our new range.
(with/on)

I think we
should move on
now to the next point on the agenda. (On)

I totally
__________. (disagree)

I want
people who don’t just work nine to five but are p_____ss_____
_____n_____t_____ about their work.(passionate)

I was very
uncomfortable
when I first started managing this department. like
a fish out of water

I won’t
lend you the money _________ you promise to pay it back. (unless)

I work as a
________. I have to find the best person for the job. head
hunter

I would be
grateful if you would advise your staff as soon as possible. Request.

I wouldn’t
do that if I were you. Advice.

I__________
(not/sign) if I were you.
(wouldn’t sign)

I_________I
can’t see as well as I used to (admit)

I’d like
to know how would
your current boss would describe you? (would)

I’ll do
all my packing tonight ________ I don’t have time in the morning.
(in
case)

I’ll join
you later. I need to finish __________this report. (writing)

I’m
________ to get a job in television when I _________ university.
(hoping/leave)

I’m
_________ a doctor when I grow up. (going
to be )

I’m going
to put you _______ to my supervisor. (through)

I’m not
sure about
that. (about)

I’m not
sure when does
the interview finishes. (does)

I’m on a ___________scheme so
I should be promoted soon.
fast-track

I’m sorry
but we can’t afford ______mistakes like that.(to
make)

I’m sorry,
I can’t _____ his behaviour any longer. (put
up with)

I’ve lived
near the airport for so long that I’ve got _______ to the noise of
the planes. (used
)

If a
celebrity ___ a product, they say how good it is in advertisements.
Endorses.

If an
activity or action is_____, it is dangerous or likely to fail. (an
adjective)
risky

If I _____
you, I’d ask the teacher for help. (were)

If I ______
on the board of directors, I’d argue against the merger. (were)

If I
___________you, I would turn to a professional website designer.
(were)

If Jack
phones I ________ you know (
‘ll let )

If the
computer _________ you ________ someone from the IT department.
(crashes/call)

If the
council ________ all cars from the city centre, there _______ so much
pollution. (banned/wouldn’t)

If the jury
find him guilty, he’ll be sent _______. (
to prison)

If the
order_______ made on-line to a US-based computer and paid in dollars,
the transaction is not subject to French tax. (is)

If
we________ on the Internet, we’d find it. (looked)

If you
______ (give) us a 10% discount, we’ll place an order of over 1000.
(give)

If you
_________ about your employees’ health and safety, make sure all
relevant regulations are respected. Care.

If you
__________ (not deliver) by Thursday, we’ll find somebody who can.(
don’t deliver)

If you
___________ online, you’ll get a better discount. (order)

If you ……..
your price by 8%, we’ll increase our order substantially.
Reduce.

If you care
about
your employees’ health and safety, make sure all relevant
regulations are respected. (a verb)

If you don’t
hear from me, you ______ (know) I’m OK.
(‘ll know)

If you have
any questions, I________ deal with them after my presentation. (will)

If you hear
about a new product from a friend or relative, this is called ___
advertising. World
of mouth.

If you
minimize
a risk, you reduce it to the lowest possible level.

If you order
by the end of the month we can give you a discount. Promise.

If you
reduced your price by 8%, we’d increase our order substantially.
(вид
договора)
bargaining

If you want
to get_________ in your career, you have to have clear short- and
long-term goals. (ahead)

In many
countries, people make a comment about the weather to ___ the ice and
start a conversation. Break.

In most
cases, people ask _______ establish a rapport. In
order to.

In most
European countries, you ___ have an identity card on you at all
times. Have
to.

In my first
job I was really given
no help.
thrown
in at the deep end

In some
cases we paid compensation
(to compensate) but most customers understood.

In some
countries, motorists are lucky: they ___ pay a toll to use motorways.
Don’t
have to.

In the end
he bought the computer _____ brother had recommended. (his)

In the
morning, she ……. new plans with her colleagues. (discusses)

Ingvar
Kamprad, is no ordinary billionaire who, founded IKEA. — Ingvar
Kamprad, who is no ordinary billionaire, founded IKEA.

Is
Mr.Messier busy? OK, I don’t mind _______ for a few minutes.
(waiting)

isn’t good
enough it really — It
really isn’t good enough. (C)

It is
business etiquette in Brazil to ____ hands with everyone in your
company. To
shake.

It is his
ideas that, have made the company so successful. — It
is his ideas that have made the company so successful. (no comma)

It is
important that your gift is the _____ you can afford. Best.

It is not
enough just to_______ your best; you need to have ambitions as well.
(do)

It is usual
to ask your previous employer for a reference
when you apply for a job.

it look
right I’ll away into — I’ll
look into it right away. (S)

It might be
worth considering
the benefits.

It only
…..our laboratory half an hour to test all ingredients. Takes.

It was
(be) clear that someone had
transferred
(transfer) last month’s salaries as normal but that 10% had
disappeared
(disappear). But where to? He couldn’t find it.

It was a
great eye ___ doing business in Japan. opener

It was an
expensive mistake but avoided bad publicity.(compensation)

It was
extremely generous______you to let us use your cottage last weekend.
(of)

It was
foolish to risk so much money on the new dotcom company; we _______
have lost everything. Could.

It was
scary! I had to sit in front of an ________ of six people. interview
panel

It_____ and
the ground was still white. (had
been snowing)

It’s a big
factory. Five hundred people ________ there. (are
employed)

It’s a
good idea __________ your supervisor. (to
ask)

It’s no
use ____________lies. They’ll find out the truth in the end.
(telling)

It’s not
worth_________ anymore time on this. (spending)

It’s getting
late. I’ll
give
you a lift to the station. (offer,
or willingness)

Jane
_________me that you are thinking of emigrating (told)

Just tell us
what you want and we________ it for you. (‘ll
get)

Kathy
_______ a few minuets ago (left)

Keep your
receipt _____ you need to return the goods. (in
case)

Lack of
consumer…confidence
was caused by bad publicity.

Leo’s been
to Nigeria many times. He knows the culture inside ___ . out.

Let me show
you an example _______ (what I mean). (of)

Let’s
discuss the advantages and
disadvantages.

Let’s look
at the pros and
cons.

Let’s look
at this from
another angle

Let’s
start ________ (Touch Screen Command). (with)

Management
had __________ the staff mood on the new regulations and certainly
did not expect a strike. badly
misjudged

Manufacturers
of toiletries and cosmetics frequently offer free ___ for customers
to try out their new products. Samples.

Many
business people agree that a good . . . . . is just as important as
the product itself. (after-sales
service)

Many corner
shops were unable to cope______ the competition from supermarkets and
had to close down. (with)

Many jobs
involve ______the things you don’t enjoy. (doing)

Many people
______ about the bad behaviour of soccer fans in the town centre
after the match. (complained)

Many
pseudo-companies use the Internet for dishonest “business”. _____
, consumer protection agencies receive thousands of complaints.
(Owing
to)

Market
……involves obtaining information about what consumers want or
need. Researching.

Match the
correct words to make partnership “price”
Pressure

Match the
verb “to capture” with the correct phrase. Somebody’s
attention/imagination

Match the
verb “to launch” with the correct phrase. An
advertising campaign/product

Match these
sentence halves:
Sales
went up beyond expectations, and Kernel Computers made a…Record
profit of 150 million euros.

mismanage
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определение)
do
badly

money given
to someone to help you do something dishonest *a
bribe

Money lent
to someone so that they can start a new business. Venture
capital./ start up

Money paid
by a government or organisation to make something cheaper to produce
or to buy. Subsidy.

Money paid
by the government to local producers (subsidies)

Money risked
or invested in a business. (заинтересованность
в
какомлибо
деле)
stake

Money that a
company, organization or government receives from people. Revenues.

Money that
you give or offer to somebody to persuade them to help you,
especially by doing something dishonest
(Bribe)

Money that
you have to pay to the government is (tax)

Money which
people or organizations put into a business in order to make a
profit. (investment)

Most of us
were _________ , we liked the idea of expanding into Europe.
Pro-European.

My _________
is out of date. It doesn’t include details of my most recent job.
curriculum
vitae

My
boyfriend……me as soon as he…. Will
call, lands.

My
brother…..all over the world. Has
traveled.

My first
meeting with our overseas clients was a real eye-opener. I _______
that style of negotiation before. Had
not seen.

My first
meeting with our oversees clients was a real _eyeopener__
. I had not seen that style of negotiation before.

My first
visit to China was a real learning
experience.
eyeopener

My parents
don’t approve ____ young people who smoke. (of)

My role is
________ (
to manage Marketing & Sales.)

My team
leader is so ch_____r_____sm_____t_____c. I’d follow her anywhere.
(charismatic)

Next Tuesday
I_______ on a beach in the south of France. (will
be lying)

Next year it
will
be
the 25th anniversary of our company. (simple
fact about the future)

No-one can
say they don’t get value…for
money with our company.

Not paying
enough tax (tax
evasion)

not with
satisfied it I’m — I’m
not satisfied with it. (C)

OK. Let’s
get ___
to
business. down

OK. Let’s
go over
what we’ve agreed. (over)

On the one
hand it’s a good idea but on
the other hand it’s…

One aim of
all companies which sell goods or services is to increase their
__________. (market
share)

one topic on
the list — heading

Organisations
what are flat are more flexible than hierarchical structures. —
Organisations
which/that are flat are more flexible than hierarchical structures.

Organization
formed in 1995 to set rules on international trade (WTO)

Our company
does nothing illegal. We are very _ _ _ . (law-abiding)

Our company
is ________ even greater risks from global competition. (facing)

Our
engineers carry out extensive…
tests
before it leaves the factory.

Our new
briefing pack is _________ and contains key information about the
risks involved when working in certain locations. incredibly
wellprepared

Outdoor
advertising is growing rapidly because the cost of TV ___ has risen
dramatically. Commercials.

Overseas
companies are ____________ their goods and ruining our domestic
markets.(dumping)

People _____
trust their staff are often good leaders. (that)

People are
increasing their spending _______ the rise in unemployment. (in
spite of)

people or
companies that make or grow goods, food, material (producers)

Perhaps we
could get back
to the main point. (back)

Please could you fill in this
___________before the interview.
application form

Please could
you submit the ___ form by 22 August. application

Please hold
_______ a moment while I find your records on our database. (on)

Please send
a covering
letter
together with your CV.

Police are
looking for a *con
artist who is robbing old people out of their pensions.

postmerger
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after

Practical
examples, illustrations and graphs can all be more useful, than words
when you are trying to ________ something complex. (explain)

predict
(найти
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before

Production
slowed down _____ staff shortages. (owing
to)

proEuropean
(найти
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in
favour of

Profits
continues to rise ___ a slight increase in production costs.
Despite.

reconsider
(найти
определение)
again

Refusing to
______ is considered bad manners in South Korea.
Sing.

Report
directly __________
somebody.
(to)

Right, to
sum up
then… (up)

Robert was
arguing __ his boss __ taxation. (with/about)

Sales will
increase if we _____ the product under a different name. ___
(relaunch)

Sam is
gifted with many skills. talented

Sarah’s
very keen ___ Spanish. (on
learning)

selling
goods in another country at very low prices, so that local companies
cannot compete fairly (dumping)

September
can be a difficult month ___ sales often fall after the summer
holiday. Because.

Sharing a
meal is considered _________ way for people to get to know one
another. The
best.

She ________
have gone home already- it’s only 3 p.m.. Can’t.

She agreed
__________ some figures before the next meeting. (to
prepare)

She also
looks ________department. (after
finance)

She always
gets very good ________in her exams. (marks)

She asked
the clerk if the bank__________for lunch. (closed)

She claimed
she ___ ____at work.(was
harassing)

She got into
trouble
for not wearing her uniform. hot
water

She had
mentioned ________ as a customer care supervisor before. (working)

She is
conscientious and works long hours. hardworking

She is keen
to get on in her career.
ambitious

She is not
very talkative.
quiet

She is very
lively, but her moods are rather changeable. unpredictable

She seems
nice when you first meet her, but she can be utterly
r_____thl_____ss. (ruthless)

She works
too ______ . She needs a rest. (hard)

Should you
wish to leave, please_________ us four-weeks’ notice. (give)

Since I
first began
(begin) working here I ‘ve
taken
(take) some of the office paper and pens home for the kids.

Six months is the standard
_________. probationary
period.

Slogans do
not have to contain ___ information. They must be clear, ordinary and
short. Brain
teasing.

slowly
bringing to an end (phase
out)

Small talk
is one way to break the _ice__
when meeting someone for the first time.

So it was
surprising when some models were sent back. We made some
modifications
(to modify) and, as a result, we recalled
(to recall) all products. (Modifications/
recalled)

Soft drinks
advertising look like ___ and enjoyable drinks. Thirst
quenching.

Some
businesses are finding it difficult to adapt _______ such a volatile
market. (to)

Some people
saying being c_____ _____t_____ _____ _____s is a weakness but I
think it’s a strength. (cautious)

Some
vitamins that athletes used to take ___ (have
now become illegal.)

Someone who
a business sells to: (customer)-

someone who
obtains money from other people by tricking them (fraudster)

Something
that is given to somebody to persuade them to do something
(Sweetener)

Sometimes it
______ really matter if you don’t know the culture. Doesn’t.

Sometimes it
doesn’t really matter if you don’t know the culture. You just
need to maintain a goodnatured attitude and go with the flow
.

state of
continuing to live or exist (survival)

Subvertising
is ….combination of…. words subvert and advertising. A,the.

t’s high
time he__________ a job. (found)

taking
secret company information to help a competitor *industrial
espionage

Tanya is
someone you can always depend on.
reliable

Target
yesterday said it saw continued price _______ form rival Wal-Mart.
Pressure.

That
business trip to Thailand was a real eye-opener
for me. That’s when I began to understand the culture. (idiom)
eye-opener

That’s the
________ difficult textbook I’ve ever read. (most)

That’s the
businessman __________ company is so successful. (whose)

The _____________includes a
pension and an annual bonus.
financial package

The
advertising campaign will ___ younger consumers.
target

The
assistant to the Head of Finance was
working
(work) late when he came across the accounts which didn’t add up.

The
authorities are going to look ______ the problem. (into)

The ball is
in your court
.

The campaign
set out to make the juices look as ___ as possible. Mouth
watering.

The CEO was
arrested because she sold all her shares just before the price
plummeted. (insider
trading)

The CEO’s
speeches are so m_____t_____v_____t_____ng. I always feel so positive
afterwards. (motivating)

The company
can’t pay its debts – I think it’s going ___ . Bankrupt.

The company
can’t pay its debts – I think it’s heading for ___ . bankruptcy

The company
was unable to pay its debts and went__________. (bankrupt)

The company,
where is known throughout the world, has plans to grow further still.
— The
company, which is known throughout the world, has plans to grow
further still.

the delay
sorry about I’m — I’m
sorry about the delay. (S)

The
difference between the selling price of a product and the cost of
producing it is called the ___ margin. Gross.

The dollar,
the euro and the yen are all types of money. Currency

The
economy’s still doing badly. The country’s been in a ___ for
years and I can’t see the situation improving. Recession.

The Gatcombe
Hotel, which is just outside the city is under new management.- The
Gatcombe Hotel, which is just outside the city, is under new
management. (extra comma needed)

The goods
were poor quality ___ we returned them.
.
(so)

the
government department that gives permission for goods to be imported
and charges taxes on them (customs)

The
government provided the victims of the flood______food and shelter.
(with)

The holiday
was more expensive than I _____ expected. (had)

the idea
that government should do as little to the economy as possible and
allow private business to develop without the state controlling or
influencing them (laisser-faire)

The
interview panel will draw up a shortlist
of only five candidates.

the last
topic on the list — conclusion,
final, title.

The local
import agent hands a customs official $100 in a brown envelope and
the goods are let through the border. The money is a _____ or a
______. (bribe/sweetener)

The machine
broke _______ after only a few days. (down)

The manager
asked her to_______ with complaints. (deal)

The manager
before you never said
(say) anything.

The money
that a business makes.
Profit.

The new
_______ campaign on the buses and underground is really imaginative.
poster

The new boss
has a really _____nf_____rm_____l and open management
style.(informal)

the new
industry in its early stages of development (infant
industry)

The new
policy of ____________ means consumers will be offered a wider range
of high quality products.
(deregulation)

The
newspapers have printed everything and the police are here! There
must be a *whistleblower
in the organisation.

The next
train to Newcastle ___________ at 3:45 today (leaves)

The
participants will enjoy the ___________ of the countryside after a
hectic week. peace
and quiet

The people
______
work
for us are all qualified. (who)

The people
which work for us are all qualified. — The
people who work for us are all qualified.

The person
who buys a particular product for his or her own use. End
user

The place
where a product is sold. point
of order

the
principle or practice of protecting a country’s own industry by
taxing foreign goods(protectionism)

The
prizegiving _____ held every year. (is)

The process
of people telling each other about something. word
of mouth

The public
was_________ by the pharmaceutical company’s arrogant attitude and
its refusal to admit its fatal mistake. deeply
disappointed

The purpose
of subvertisers is usually to encourage people to think, not only
about …products they buy, but also about the nature of …society
they live in. The,the.

The results
from our annual consumer…satisfaction
questionnaire were interesting.

The seminar
on “Motivation at work” was cancelled through ….. of interest.
Leg
of interest.

The shop
assistant refused to give me my money back________ I showed her my
receipt. (unless)