The word used only with uncountable nouns

Part 2. Articles with Uncountable Nouns: Basic Rules

An uncountable noun denotes something that cannot be counted: information, health, money, music, weather. Generally, uncountable nouns are not used in the plural or with the indefinite article. If an uncountable noun is the subject of a sentence, the singular form of the verb is used.

If necessary, the definite article can be used with an uncountable noun. For example, depending on the situation you can say «water, money, information» or «the water, the money, the information», but you cannot use the indefinite article with these nouns.

Types of uncountable nouns

Several terms are used in reference to these nouns in English: uncountable nouns, noncount nouns, noncountable nouns. Some linguistic sources use the term «mass nouns» for all types of uncountable nouns.

In general, uncountable nouns include concrete mass nouns (liquids, gases, solid substances), various abstract notions, names of scientific subjects and fields of study, names of languages, names of sports and games, names of various activities, names of natural phenomena. The list below contains some commonly used uncountable nouns.

Liquids: water, tea, coffee, milk, cocoa, honey, lemonade, fruit juice, vinegar, soy sauce, vegetable oil, soup, beer, wine, champagne, vodka, whiskey (whisky), alcohol, petroleum, oil, petrol, gasoline, blood, shampoo, ink, glue.

Gases: air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, natural gas, methane, propane, ammonia, smoke, steam.

Solid substances: bread, butter, cheese, meat, beef, pork, fruit, ice, gold, silver, iron, steel, coal, glass, wood, paper, rubber, plastic, wool, cotton, silk, nylon, soap, toothpaste, dirt, mud.

Powder, grain: sugar, salt, pepper, grain, corn, wheat, barley, buckwheat, oats, rice, rye, corn, maize, flour, starch, sand, cement, dust.

Other concrete mass nouns: food, furniture, equipment, machinery, transportation, traffic, software, hardware, baggage, luggage, mail, money, clothing, jewelry, hair, grass, garbage, trash.

Various abstract notions: beauty, chaos, charity, capitalism, democracy, eternity, evidence, homelessness, individualism, faith, infinity, liberty, loyalty, luxury, misery, motivation, observation, poverty, privacy, slavery, stability, unemployment, violence, wealth, wisdom.

Frequently used abstract nouns: advice, assistance, freedom, friendship, help, honesty, humor (humour), imagination, inflation, information, justice, knowledge, luck, news, peace, permission, power, progress, reality, research, time, truth, work.

Feelings, emotions: admiration, anger, anxiety, calm, calmness, compassion, confidence, courage, curiosity, despair, determination, enthusiasm, envy, excitement, forgiveness, happiness, hatred, jealousy, joy, kindness, love, patience, pride, sadness, sensitivity, sincerity, sorrow, sympathy, tolerance, trust, uncertainty.

Various types of state: health, sleep, silence, laughter, stress, sanity, insanity, motherhood, childhood, youth, old age.

Various activities: reading, writing, studying, walking, running, driving, traveling, typing, gardening, shopping, dancing, singing, cooking, eating, drinking, smoking.

Scientific subjects and fields of study: mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, medicine, agriculture, engineering, electronics, science, art, history, economics, literature, journalism, music, education, philosophy, law, politics, accounting, advertising, linguistics, grammar, phonetics.

Names of languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Finnish, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean.

Sports and related activities: basketball, football, baseball, volleyball, soccer, tennis, gymnastics, athletics, swimming, rugby, golf, fencing, weight lifting, wrestling, hiking, hunting, fishing, chess, checkers, draughts, billiards.

Various natural phenomena: energy, light, electricity, gravity, sunshine, darkness, fire, weather, thunder, lightning, snow, sleet, frost, dew, humidity, heat, hail, rain.

Names of diseases: pneumonia, diabetes, laryngitis, diphtheria, tuberculosis, cancer, sclerosis, appendicitis, measles, mumps.

Note: Suffixes of nouns

A large number of nouns with suffixes, including many uncountable nouns, are listed in List of Nouns with Suffixes in the section Writing.

The suffixes «acy, age, ance, dom, hood, ism, ment, ness, ship, tion, ty» are often found in uncountable nouns. But there are many other cases in the list. Try to determine whether the nouns with these suffixes are countable or uncountable. It may be a difficult task even for advanced students.

Rule 1: No article

Uncountable nouns are generally used without any article. The indefinite article is used with uncountable nouns only in special cases. (See «Special cases of use» below.) The definite article depends on the situation. If you are speaking in general about something expressed by an uncountable noun, do not use the definite article.

I’d like coffee with milk, please.

She prefers green tea.

Do you play tennis?

I want to buy new furniture.

She likes classical music.

He likes history and Spanish.

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

She believes in justice.

Information gives power.

He has laryngitis.

He has no respect for old age.

Radioactivity was discovered in 1896.

Science appeared in the Stone Age.

Coal, oil, and natural gas are used to produce electricity.

Rule 2: Definite article

If it is necessary to point out an uncountable noun, use the definite article «the». Usually, some additional information is needed in the sentence in order to use the definite article, for example, the of-phrase or a subordinate clause. The context can also make the noun definite. The definite article in such cases is close in meaning to «this, that».

I am studying the history of France.

The milk in this glass is sour.

The water in this well is poisoned.

The tea that she served smelled of mint.

The power that this man has is huge.

Take out the garbage, please.

Have you heard the news?

How accurate is the information that you have given in this report?

She didn’t have the courage to tell them.

The anger that she felt was mixed with despair and fear.

Thank you for the kindness that you have shown to my mother.

Note: When talking about someone’s feelings, you can use a possessive pronoun instead of the definite article in some cases. For example:

Her anger was mixed with despair and fear.

Thank you for your kindness to my mother.

Note: Expressions of quantity

Expressions of quantity are used with uncountable nouns to indicate a particular amount or a portion of something. For example: a glass of water; two cups of coffee; a pound of butter; a loaf of bread; a piece of cake; a piece of furniture; several articles of clothing; a grain of rice; a grain of truth; a game of chess.

«Some, a little, a lot of» are often used with uncountable nouns to indicate an indefinite amount of something. For example: a little water; a little milk; a little help; a little luck; a lot of furniture; a lot of information; a lot of work; a lot of snow.

«Some» with uncountable nouns indicates some indefinite amount, but not too much, and is often not translated into Russian. For example: I want to buy some bread. She drank some milk. I need some help. He found some information about it.

«Any» is used instead of «some» in negative and interrogative sentences: I don’t have any time. I don’t need any help. Have you found any information about it? But «some» is used in requests and offers in the form of questions: Could you lend me some money? Would you like some tea?

(Expressions of quantity like «a little; a lot of; a piece of» are described in Specific Use of a/an in the section Grammar, and there is a list of expressions of quantity with food products in Food Products Main List in the section Vocabulary.)

Special cases of use

There are certain cases in which some uncountable nouns may be used with the indefinite article or in the plural, without much change of their lexical meaning.

Different kinds and varieties

Some uncountable nouns, usually concrete mass nouns, may be used in the plural (with the ending s/es) to indicate different kinds and varieties. For example: the teas of India; blended teas; soft cheeses; low-fat cheeses; French wines; whole-wheat breads; hard wheats; stainless steels; iron ores; Chinese silks; various wools. Such use is quite common in scientific and special literature.

In general speech and writing, mostly the singular form of an uncountable mass noun is used in such cases. For example: different kinds of soft cheese; varieties of black tea; types of stainless steel; varieties of wool. Some uncountable mass nouns are often used in the plural to indicate different kinds in general speech and writing, for example, fruits, fruit juices, wines. Compare these examples:

This dress is made of silk.

Chinese silk is very beautiful.

The museum has a large collection of textiles, including ornamental Chinese silks and Japanese kimono silks.

Children should eat fresh fruit and vegetables and drink fruit juice every day.

Many fruits and combinations of fruits are used to make various fruit juices.

I like red wine. I’d like a glass of white wine, please.

He is a connoisseur of French wine. He is a connoisseur of French wines.

The store offers a large selection of French wines.

Indefinite article with uncountable abstract nouns

The indefinite article may be used with some uncountable abstract nouns to show a special (temporary, unusual) type (kind, character, side) of something, mostly in formal writing and in literary works. In such cases, an uncountable abstract noun usually has an attribute. The article a/an in such cases can convey the following meanings: such, certain, special, particular. For example:

The director spoke at the meeting today with an enormous enthusiasm.

She smiled at us with an unusual friendliness.

A paralyzing horror overwhelmed him.

There was a dull anger in his voice that surprised and frightened her.

A knowledge of physics is necessary for this job.

In many of such cases, especially in ordinary speech and writing, uncountable abstract nouns can be used without the indefinite article.

The director spoke at the meeting today with great enthusiasm.

He was paralyzed with horror.

She smiled at us with unusual friendliness.

Knowledge of physics is necessary for this job.

(More examples of the use of the indefinite article with uncountable nouns can be found in the subsection Messages about Grammar (Articles) in the section Messages.)

Meanings of uncountable nouns

Many uncountable nouns have meanings in which they function as countable nouns, and in such cases, they can take the indefinite article a/an or the plural ending s/es. Because there are no articles in Russian, the difference between an uncountable noun and the same noun as countable often escapes us.

The difference between an uncountable noun and a countable noun in English is very big: their meanings are different; you can or cannot use the article a/an or the ending s/es; the verb is in the singular or in the plural. That is, grammatical forms and context help to identify the meaning of a noun in such cases.

Examples of nouns that can be uncountable or countable:

beauty – a beauty

glass – a glass

paper – a paper

drawing – a drawing

observation – an observation

reason – a reason

iron – an iron

football – a football

hair – a hair; hairs

grain – a grain

crime – a crime

work – a work of art

liberty – civil liberties

difficulty – difficulties

medicine – medicines

time – several times

to study law – the laws of physics

to feel wonder – the seven wonders of the world.

Examples: Compare the use of articles

Uncountable noun:

Observation is important in research.

This patient needs careful observation.

Countable noun:

He made an observation about her report.

The observation that he made was very helpful to her.

He made several helpful observations on her report.

More examples, with explanatory notes

Science and art play an important role in human progress. (Uncountable nouns «science, art» in general; no need for article the; can’t use a/an.)

Do you think mathematics is a science, an art, a tool, a language, or a game? (Countable nouns «science, art»; singular, one of sciences / arts, article a/an.)

The art of painting is an important part of Chinese culture. (Uncountable noun «art»; specific, of-phrase, article the.)

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Beauty lies in lover’s eyes. (proverb) (Uncountable noun «beauty» in general; no need for article the; can’t use a/an.)

She is a beauty in this costume. (Countable noun «beauty»; singular, one / one of, indefinite article.)

The beauty of this engineering solution is in its simplicity. (Uncountable noun «beauty»; specific, of-phrase, article the.)

She believes in liberty. (Uncountable noun «liberty» in general; no need for article the; can’t use a/an.)

Civil liberties and civil rights are the same thing. (Countable noun «liberties» in general; plural, can’t use a/an; no need for article the.)

A piano is a musical instrument. (Countable noun «piano»; singular, one / any piano, indefinite article.)

The piano that he has at home is very old. (Countable noun «piano»; singular, specific, of-phrase, article the.)

He makes toy pianos. (Countable noun «pianos» in general; plural, can’t use a/an; no need for article the.)

The pianos that he made last year were sold very quickly. (Countable noun «pianos»; plural, specific, article the.)

He teaches piano. (Uncountable noun «piano» as a field of study; no need for article the; can’t use a/an.)

He can play the piano. (Set expression. See Specific Use of THE, Musical instruments.)

Часть 2. Артикли с неисчисляемыми существительными: Основные правила

Неисчисляемое существительное обозначает что-то, что нельзя посчитать: information, health, money, music, weather. Обычно, неисчисляемые существительные не употребляются во множественном числе или с неопределённым артиклем. Если неисчисляемое существительное является подлежащим, глагол-сказуемое употребляется в форме единственного числа.

Если нужно, определённый артикль может быть употреблён с неисчисляемым существительным. Например, в зависимости от ситуации можно сказать «water, money, information» или «the water, the money, the information», но нельзя употребить неопределённый артикль с этими существительными.

Типы неисчисляемых существительных

Несколько терминов употребляются в отношении этих существительных в английском языке: uncountable nouns, noncount nouns, noncountable nouns. Некоторые лингвистические источники употребляют термин «mass nouns» для всех типов неисчисляемых существительных.

В целом, неисчисляемые существительные включают в себя вещественные существительные массы (жидкости, газы, твёрдые вещества), различные абстрактные понятия, названия научных предметов и областей изучения, названия языков, видов спорта и игр, названия различных занятий, названия природных явлений. Список ниже содержит некоторые употребительные неисчисляемые существительные.

Жидкости: вода, чай, кофе, молоко, какао, мёд, лимонад, фруктовый сок, уксус, соевый соус, растительное масло, суп, пиво, вино, шампанское, водка, виски, алкоголь, нефть, нефть, бензин, бензин, кровь, шампунь, чернила, клей.

Газы: воздух, кислород, водород, азот, гелий, углекислый газ, угарный газ, природный газ, метан, пропан, аммиак, дым, пар.

Твёрдые вещества: хлеб, сливочное масло, сыр, мясо, говядина, свинина, фрукты, лёд, золото, серебро, железо, сталь, уголь, стекло, дерево, бумага, резина, пластмасса, шерсть, хлопок, шёлк, нейлон, мыло, зубная паста, грязь, грязь.

Порошок, зерно: сахар, соль, перец, зерно, зерно, пшеница, ячмень, гречка, овёс, рис, рожь, кукуруза, кукуруза, мука, крахмал, песок, цемент, пыль.

Другие существительные массы: еда, мебель, оборудование, оборудование, транспорт, транспортный поток, программное обеспечение, аппаратное оборудование, багаж, багаж, почта, деньги, одежда, драгоценности, волосы, трава, мусор, мусор.

Различные абстрактные понятия: красота, хаос, благотворительность, капитализм, демократия, вечность, очевидность, бездомность, индивидуализм, вера, бесконечность, свобода, верность, роскошь, страдание, мотивация, наблюдение, нищета, уединенность, рабство, стабильность, безработица, насилие, богатство, мудрость.

Часто употребляемые абстрактные существительные: совет, помощь, свобода, дружба, помощь, честность, юмор, воображение, инфляция, информация, справедливость, знание, удача, новость, мир, разрешение, власть, прогресс, реальность, исследование, время, правда, работа.

Чувства, эмоции: восхищение, гнев, беспокойство, спокойствие, спокойствие, сострадание, уверенность, храбрость, любопытство, отчаяние, решимость, энтузиазм, зависть, волнение, прощение, счастье, ненависть, ревность, радость, доброта, любовь, терпение, гордость, печаль, чувствительность, искренность, горе, сочувствие, терпимость, доверие, неуверенность.

Различные виды состояния: здоровье, сон, молчание, смех, стресс, здравомыслие, безумие, материнство, детство, юность, старость.

Различные занятия: чтение, письмо, изучение, ходьба, бег, вождение, путешествие, печатание, садоводство, совершение покупок, танцы, пение, приготовление пищи, еда, питьё, курение.

Научные предметы и области изучения: математика, физика, химия, география, биология, медицина, сельское хозяйство, инженерное дело, электроника, наука, искусство, история, экономика, литература, журналистика, музыка, образование, философия, право, политика, бухгалтерский учет, реклама, лингвистика, грамматика, фонетика.

Названия языков: английский язык, немецкий язык, французский, испанский, итальянский, голландский, финский, польский, русский, украинский, арабский, китайский, японский, корейский.

Виды спорта и похожие занятия: баскетбол, футбол, бейсбол, волейбол, футбол, теннис, гимнастика, атлетика, плавание, регби, гольф, фехтование, тяжёлая атлетика, борьба, пеший туризм, охота, рыбная ловля, шахматы, шашки, шашки, бильярд.

Различные природные явления: энергия, свет, электричество, притяжение, солнечный свет, темнота, огонь, погода, гром, молния, снег, дождь со снегом, мороз, роса, влажность, жара, град, дождь.

Названия болезней: пневмония, диабет, ларингит, дифтерия, туберкулез, рак, склероз, аппендицит, корь, свинка.

Примечание: Суффиксы существительных

Большое число существительных с суффиксами, включая многие неисчисляемые существительные, даны в списке List of Nouns with Suffixes в разделе Writing.

Суффиксы «acy, age, ance, dom, hood, ism, ment, ness, ship, tion, ty» часто встречаются в неисчисляемых существительных. Но в списке есть много других случаев. Попробуйте определить, являются ли существительные с этими суффиксами исчисляемыми или неисчисляемыми. Это может быть трудным заданием даже для продвинутых студентов.

Правило 1: Без артикля

Неисчисляемые существительные обычно употребляются без артикля. Неопределённый артикль употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными только в особых случаях. (См. «Special cases of use» ниже.) Определённый артикль зависит от ситуации. Если вы говорите в общем о чём-то, выраженном неисчисляемым существительным, не употребляйте определённый артикль.

Я хотел бы кофе с молоком, пожалуйста.

Она предпочитает зелёный чай.

Вы играете в теннис?

Я хочу купить новую мебель.

Она любит классическую музыку.

Он любит историю и испанский язык.

Вода состоит из водорода и кислорода.

Она верит в справедливость.

Информация даёт власть.

У него ларингит.

У него нет уважения к старости.

Радиоактивность была открыта в 1896 году.

Наука появилась в Каменном веке.

Уголь, нефть и природный газ используются для производства электричества.

Правило 2: Определенный артикль

Если необходимо выделить неисчисляемое существительное, употребите определённый артикль «the». Обычно требуется дополнительная информация в предложении, чтобы употребить артикль «the», например, фраза of-phrase или придаточное предложение. Контекст тоже может сделать существительное определённым. Определённый артикль в таких случаях близок по значению к «this, that» (этот, тот).

Я изучаю историю Франции.

Молоко в этом стакане прокисшее.

Вода в этом колодце отравлена.

Чай, который она подала, пах мятой.

Власть, которую имеет этот человек, огромна.

Вынесите мусор, пожалуйста.

Вы слышали новости (новость)?

Насколько точна информация, которую вы дали в этом докладе?

У неё не хватило храбрости сказать им.

Гнев, который она чувствовала, был смешан с отчаянием и страхом.

Спасибо вам за ту доброту, которую вы проявили к моей матери.

Примечание: Говоря о чьих-то чувствах, вы можете употребить притяжательное местоимение вместо определённого артикля в некоторых случаях. Например:

Её гнев был смешан с отчаянием и страхом.

Спасибо вам за вашу доброту к моей матери.

Примечание: Выражения количества

Выражения количества употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными для указания определённого количества или порции чего-то. Например: стакан воды; две чашки кофе; фунт масла; батон хлеба; кусок торта; предмет мебели; несколько предметов одежды; зёрнышко риса; крупица правды; партия в шахматы.

«Some, a little, a lot of» часто употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными для указания неопределённого количества чего-то. Например: немного воды; немного молока; немного помощи; немного удачи; очень много мебели; очень много информации; очень много работы; очень много снега.

«Some» с неисчисляемыми существительными указывает некоторое / какое-то количество, но не очень много, и часто не переводится на русский язык. Например: Я хочу купить хлеба. Она выпила (немного) молока. Мне нужна помощь. Он нашёл (некоторую) информацию об этом.

«Any» употребляется вместо «some» в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях: У меня (совсем) нет времени. Мне не нужна (никакая) помощь. Вы нашли (какую-нибудь) информацию об этом? Но «some» употребляется в просьбах и предложениях чего-то в форме вопросов: Не могли бы вы одолжить мне денег? Не хотите ли чаю?

(Выражения количества типа «a little; a lot of; a piece of» описаны в статье Specific Use of a/an в разделе Grammar, а список выражений количества с пищевыми продуктами есть в статье Food Products Main List в разделе Vocabulary.)

Особые случаи употребления

Есть определённые случаи, в которых некоторые неисчисляемые существительные могут употребляться с неопределённым артиклем или во мн. числе, без значительного изменения своего лексического значения.

Различные виды и разновидности

Некоторые неисчисляемые существительные массы могут употребляться во мн. числе (с окончанием s/es) для указания различных видов и разновидностей. Например: виды индийского чая; купажи чая; мягкие сыры; сыры с пониженным содержанием жира; французские вина; виды хлеба из цельного зерна; твердые сорта пшеницы; виды нержавеющей стали; железные руды; китайские шелка; различные виды шерсти. Такое употребление часто встречается в научной и специальной литературе.

В обычной устной и письменной речи в основном употребляется форма ед. числа неисчисляемого существительного массы в таких случаях. Например: различные виды мягкого сыра; разновидности чёрного чая; типы нержавеющей стали; виды шерсти. Некоторые существительные массы часто употребляются во мн. числе для указания различных видов в обычной устной и письменной речи, например, фрукты, фруктовые соки, вина. Сравните эти примеры:

Это платье сделано из шёлка.

Китайский шёлк очень красивый.

Музей имеет большую коллекцию текстиля, включая декоративные китайские шелка и японские шелка для кимоно.

Дети должны есть свежие фрукты и овощи и пить фруктовый сок каждый день.

Многие фрукты и сочетания фруктов используются для производства разнообразных фруктовых соков.

Я люблю красное вино. Я хотел бы бокал белого вина, пожалуйста.

Он знаток французского вина. Он знаток французских вин.

Этот магазин предлагает большой выбор французских вин.

Неопределенный артикль с неисчисляемыми абстрактными существительными

Неопределённый артикль может употребляться с некоторыми неисчисляемыми абстрактными существительными, чтобы показать особый (временный, необычный) тип (вид, характер, сторону) чего-то, в основном официальной письменной речи и в литературных произведениях. В таких случаях, неисчисляемое абстрактное существительное обычно имеет определение. Артикль a/an в таких случаях может передавать следующие значения: такой, некоторый, особый, особенный. Например:

Директор говорил на собрании сегодня с (таким) громадным энтузиазмом.

Она улыбнулась нам с (каким-то) необычным дружелюбием.

(Какой-то) Парализующий ужас охватил его.

В его голосе был притупленный гнев, который удивил и испугал её.

(Некоторое) Знание физики необходимо для этой работы.

Во многих таких случаях, особенно в обычной устной и письменной речи, неисчисляемые абстрактные существительные могут употребляться без неопределённого артикля.

Директор говорил на собрании сегодня с огромным энтузиазмом.

Он был парализован ужасом.

Она улыбнулась нам с необычным дружелюбием.

Знание физики необходимо для этой работы.

(Ещё примеры употребления неопределённого артикля с неисчисляемыми существительными можно найти в подразделе Messages about Grammar (Articles) в разделе Messages.)

Значения неисчисляемых существительных

Многие неисчисляемые существительные имеют значения, в которых они действуют как исчисляемые существительные, и в таких случаях, они могут принимать неопределённый артикль a/an или окончание мн. числа s/es. Из-за того, что в русском языке нет артиклей, разница между неисчисляемым существительным и тем же существительным как исчисляемым часто ускользает от нас.

Разница между неисчисляемым и исчисляемым существительным в английском языке очень большая: их значения разные; можно или нельзя употребить артикль a/an или окончание s/es; глагол стоит в единственном или во множественном числе. То есть, грамматические формы и контекст помогают выявить значение существительного в таких случаях.

Примеры существительных, которые могут быть неисчисляемыми или исчисляемыми:

красота – красавица

стекло – стакан

бумага – доклад, статья

рисование – рисунок

наблюдение – наблюдение, замечание

разум, здравый смысл – причина

железо – утюг

футбол – футбольный мяч

волосы – волосок; волоски

зерно (как урожай) – зёрнышко

преступность – преступление

работа – произведение искусства

свобода – гражданские свободы

трудность, затруднение – трудности, проблемы

медицина – лекарства

время – несколько раз

изучать право – законы физики

чувствовать изумление – семь чудес света.

Примеры: Сравните употребление артиклей

Неисчисляемое существительное:

Наблюдение важно в исследовании.

Этот пациент нуждается в тщательном наблюдении.

Исчисляемое существительное:

Он сделал наблюдение / замечание по её докладу.

Замечание, которое он сделал, было очень полезным для неё.

Он сделал несколько полезных замечаний по её докладу.

Еще примеры, с пояснительными заметками

Наука и искусство играют важную роль в прогрессе человечества. (Неисчисляемые сущ. science, art (наука, искусство) в общем; не нужен артикль the; нельзя a/an.)

Как вы думаете, математика – это наука, искусство, инструмент, язык или игра? (Исчисляемые сущ. science, art (наука, искусство); ед. число, одна из наук / искусств, артикль a/an.)

Искусство живописи – важная часть китайской культуры. (Неисчисляемое сущ. art (искусство); определённое, фраза of-phrase, артикль the.)

Красота в глазах смотрящего. Красота в глазах любящего. (пословица) (Неисчисляемое сущ. beauty (красота) в общем; не нужен артикль the; нельзя a/an.)

Она красавица в этом костюме. (Исчисляемое сущ. beauty (красавица); ед. ч., одна / одна из, неопределённый артикль.)

Красота этого конструкторского решения в его простоте. (Неисчисляемое сущ. beauty (красота); определённое, фраза of-phrase, артикль the.)

Она верит в свободу. (Неисчисляемое сущ. liberty (свобода) в общем; не нужен артикль the; нельзя a/an.)

Гражданские свободы и гражданские права – это одно и то же. (Исчисляемое сущ. liberties (свободы) в общем; мн. ч., нельзя a/an; не нужен артикль the.)

Пианино – музыкальный инструмент. (Исчисляемое сущ. piano (пианино); ед. ч., одно / любое пианино, неопределённый артикль.)

Пианино, которое у него дома, очень старое. (Исчисляемое сущ. piano (пианино); ед. ч., определённое, фраза of-phrase, артикль the.)

Он делает игрушечные пианино. (Исчисляемое сущ. pianos (пианино) в общем; мн. ч., нельзя a/an; не нужен артикль the.)

Пианино, которые он сделал в прошлом году, были проданы очень быстро. (Исчисляемое сущ. pianos (пианино); мн. ч., определённое, артикль the.)

Он преподает (игру на) пианино. (Неисчисляемое сущ. piano (пианино) как область изучения; не нужен артикль the, нельзя a/an.)

Он умеет играть на пианино. (Устойчивое выражение. См. Specific Use of THE, часть Musical instruments.)

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Quantifiers Countable and Uncountable, Example Sentences

Quantifiers Countable and Uncountable, Example Sentences

Quantifiers In English

When you have finished this reading, you will be able to understand what are quantifiers. However, before going through all of them per one per, we think it would be helpful to clarify one point:

These quantifiers are used with both countable and uncountable nouns. However, when used in countable, it is only used with plurals. We need quantifiers when we do not know the exact number or when the exact amount is not that important.

Some

Let’s reinforce what we know with examples, we’d like to start by “some”.

While we use the word “some” in positive sentences, we cannot use it in negative sentences. When we use it in question sentences, we can only use it in offer and demand situations. Let’s examine the examples:

  • I need some cash, would you mind lending me some? – Uncountable
  • She’s organizing a dinner tonight, that’s why she needs you to buy some – Countable plural
  • Can I get some milk with my coffee? – Demand
  • Would you like to have some sandwiches? I made them! – Demand

A friendly reminder: When using “there is and there are” pay attention that you can use “is” with uncountables, and “are” with countable plurals. For example:

  • There is some
  • There are some apples at the counter, eat them!

Any

It means “nothing”. It is used with plural countable and uncountable nouns. Also, it’s used only in negative and interrogative sentences.

  • I don’t have any cash, sorry. –Uncountable
  • There aren’t any tomatoes in the shopping basket. -Countable plural
  • Do you remember at least any words that we talked about yesterday? – Countable plural
  • Is there any food at home? –Uncountable

Again, a friendly reminder: When used with “there is and there are”, “is” is used with uncountable and “are” is used with countable plurals.

  • There isn’t any cash.
  • There aren’t any tomatoes.

Much and Many

Much is only used with uncountable nouns and in negative and interrogative sentences:

  • Look, this bar doesn’t have much sugar.

It has two different uses in interrogative sentences: questions where the answer is yes and no, and “how much?” questions.

  • Do you have much salt at home?
  • How much data do you have to prove that?

To give short answers to these questions, use one of the following: a lot, a little, not much.

While many can only be used with countable plural nouns, many also can be used in all positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.

  • I travel a lot that’s why I can speak many languages.
  • I haven’t found a chance to take courses so I can’t speak as many languages as you.

It has two different uses in interrogative sentences: questions where the answer is yes and no, and “how much?” questions.

  • Are you able to speak many languages as natives?
  • How many languages can you speak at the level of above C1?

A lot of / A few / A little

A lot of is used with countable plural nouns and uncountable nouns. It can be used in all positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.

  • I have a lot of money.
  • I don’t have a lot of money.
  • Do you have a lot of money?

“A few” is used only with countable plural nouns, affirmative and interrogative sentences.

If you say “I have a few apples if you want.”, you’re saying you have a couple of apples. But, if you say “I have few apples.”, you’re saying you have only one or two apples.

A little is used only with uncountable nouns, positive and interrogative sentences.

  • I have a little cash. / I have little cash.

From: www.engvid.com
By: Rebecca
.

countable uncountable

In English grammar, words that refer to people, places, or things are called nouns. They can be classified in many ways.

One way to classify nouns is according to whether they can be counted or not. Many English mistakes are related to this point. By reading through this page, you will understand:

  • what countable and uncountable nouns are
  • how to use them correctly in a sentence

Countable (or count) nouns are words which can be counted. They have a singular form and a plural form. They usually refer to things. Most countable nouns become plural by adding an ‘s’ at the end of the word.

For example:

studentstudents

Singular Plural
chair chairs
bottle bottles

Uncountable (or non-count) nouns are words which cannot be counted. Therefore, they only have a singular form. They have no plural forms. These words are thought of as wholes rather than as parts. They usually refer to abstractions (such as confidence or advice) or collectives (such as equipment or luggage).

For example:

Singular
money
furniture
information

Using Countable & Uncountable Nouns

When using countable or uncountable nouns, pay attention to articles and adjectives! Some articles and adjectives can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. However, others can be used with only countable or only uncountable nouns.

Used with Countable Nouns Only
a a doctor, a pen, a meal, a class, a college
many many cups, many books, many libraries, many flights
few few questions, few tables, few apples, few holidays, few countries
a few a few questions, a few problems, a few issues, a few issues
Used with Uncountable Nouns Only
much much money, much time, much food, much water, much energy
little little trouble, little equipment, little meat, little patience
a little bit of a little bit of confidence, a little bit of sleep, a little bit of snow
Used with Countable & Uncountable Nouns
the countable the monkeys, the schools, the teachers, the boats, the bananas
uncountable the cheese, the machinery, the luggage, the grass, the knowledge
some countable some tables, some stores, some grapes, some cities, some nurses
uncountable some time, some news, some bread, some salt, some mail
any countable any forks, any socks, any bathrooms, any waiters, any beliefs
uncountable any advice, any soap, any transportation, any gold, any homework
no countable no magazines, no chocolates, no pilots, no rings, no markers
uncountable no trouble, no grass, no scenery, no money, no furniture
a lot of countable a lot of animals, a lot of coins, a lot of immigrants, a lot of babies
uncountable a lot of help, a lot of aggravation, a lot of happiness, a lot of fun
lots of countable lots of computers, lots of buses, lots of parties, lots of colleges
uncountable lots of cake, lots of ice cream, lots of energy, lots of laughter
enough countable enough plates, enough onions, enough restaurants, enough worries
uncountable enough courage, enough wisdom, enough spaghetti, enough time
plenty of countable plenty of houses, plenty of concerts, plenty of guitars, plenty of
uncountable plenty of oil, plenty of sugar, plenty of cheese, plenty of space

List of Uncountable Nouns (These are sample uncountable nouns only! There are many more.)

.

General

Food

Weather

Languages

Subjects

Activities

homeworkequipment

luggage

clothing

furniture

machinery

gold

silver

cotton

glass

jewelery

perfume

soap

paper

wood

petrol

gasoline

baggage

hair

traffic

foodflour

meat

rice

cake

bread

ice cream

cheese

toast

pasta

spaghetti

butter

oil

honey

soup

fish

fruit

salt

tea

coffee

thunderlightning

snow

rain

sleet

ice

heat

humidity

hail

wind

light

darkness

EnglishPortuguese

Hindi

Arabic

Japanese

Korean

Spanish

French

Russian

Italian

Hebrew

Chinese

mathematicseconomics

physics

ethics

civics

art

architecture

music

photography

grammar

chemistry

history

commerce

engineering

politics

sociology

psychology

vocabulary

archaeology

poetry

swimmingwalking

driving

jogging

reading

writing

listening

speaking

cooking

sleeping

studying

working

Abstract

Sports

advicehelp

fun

recreation

enjoyment

information

knowledge

news

patience

happiness

progress

confidence

courage

education

intelligence

space

energy

laughter

peace

pride

golftennis

baseball

basketball

soccer

football

cricket

hockey

rugby

chess

poker

bridge

First things first: Why do we need to worry about countable and uncountable nouns?

Because whether some of the quantity words can be used with a noun is dependent on whether the noun is countable, and such usage is tested on GMAT.

So, without further ado, let’s get to understand the two kinds of nouns and the correct and incorrect uses of the different words with them.

What is a countable noun?

A countable noun is a noun that can be counted. Generally, these nouns have plural forms.

For example: cars, radios, bats, bananas, men, ideas

Words that can be used only with countable nouns are: Few, Fewer, Many, Number, and Numerous.

These words cannot be used with uncountable nouns.

1

What is an uncountable noun?

An uncountable noun is a noun that cannot be counted. These nouns do not have a plural form (since they cannot be counted).

For example: excellence, understanding, crisp, knowledge, sleep

Words that can be used only with uncountable nouns are: Amount, Equal, Great, Greater, Less, Little, and Much.

2

Words that can be used with both

The words listed in the table can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.

3

How to determine whether a noun is countable?

A noun is countable if and only if you can count it. For example: you can say one car, two cars, three cars. So, “car” is countable.

However, you cannot say one information or two informations. Therefore, “information” is an uncountable noun.

Also, remember that countable nouns generally have plural forms while uncountable nouns never have plural forms. Therefore, if a plural form of a noun exists, it means that it is indeed a countable noun. (The below section lists out exceptions to this rule)

Exceptions

“What would be a language without exceptions to its rules!”. I heard this statement somewhere, and it makes so much (not many! – uncountable noun) sense. Most, or rather almost all, rules in English have exceptions. And it’s important to know these exceptions; otherwise, we may get tripped by GMAT!

OK! So, we have already touched on one kind of exception.

Exception – 1

Sense – Is it countable or uncountable?

We do have plural “senses”. But I just used “much” with sense. Was I wrong?

No. I wasn’t. Some nouns can act as both countable and uncountable, depending on the context of a sentence.

For example:

  1. He makes so much sense.
  2. Your senses are working superbly.

Both the above sentences are correct.

  1. In the first sentence, “sense” is used in an uncountable way. Here, we are focused on the “extent” of sense – or reasonableness – not on the number of senses.
  2. In the second sentence, “senses” is used in a countable way. Here, we are focused not on the extent of the sense but on the “number” of senses or faculties of perception.

Let’s take another example:

  1. There’s so much truth in this statement.
  2. The fundamental truths of life can be discovered by anyone.

Again, both the above sentences are correct.

  1. In the first sentence, “truth” is used in an uncountable way. Here, we are focused on the “extent” of truth – or correctness – not on the number of truths.
  2. In the second sentence, “truths” is used in a countable way. Here, we are focused not on the extent of truth but on the “number” of truths – or facts.

Take Away:

  1. If we are concerned about the “extent” of the noun, then the noun is being used in an uncountable way, and words corresponding to uncountable nouns should be used in the sentence.
  2. If we want to talk about the “number” of the noun, then the noun is being used in a countable way, and words corresponding to countable nouns should be used in the sentence.

Exception – 2

Let’s look at the below two sentences:

  1. A movie ticket costs less than 3 dollars.
  2. The journey will need as much as 2 gallons of diesel.

Are the above sentences correct?

Yes. They are. Both the above sentences are correct.

Why can we use “less” or “much” with a countable noun “dollars” or “gallons”?

The reason is that in the first sentence, the number of dollars represents the quantity of money, which is uncountable. Similarly, in the second sentence, the number of gallons represents the quantity of diesel, which is uncountable. Therefore, we can use words corresponding to uncountable nouns with these units of measurement. (dollars is a unit of measurement of money, and gallons is a unit of measurement of diesel)

So, even though these units are countable (you can say one dollar, 2 dollars or one gallon, two gallons), they are representing something uncountable (money or diesel). Therefore, the context of the sentence dictates that we use uncountable quantity words here.

Please also note that we can use also countable quantity words with these units if the context of the sentence requires. For example: we can say “We have fewer than 10 dollars”. In this case, it seems we are referring to the number of dollar bills we have rather than the amount of money. Even though this sentence is also correct, there is indeed some change in meaning.

Unlike countable nouns, uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot «count» them. For example, we cannot count «milk». We can count «bottles of milk» or «litres of milk», but we cannot count «milk» itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:

  • music, art, love, happiness
  • advice, information, news
  • furniture, luggage
  • rice, sugar, butter, water
  • electricity, gas, power
  • money, currency

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:

  • This news is very important.
  • Your luggage looks heavy.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say «an information» or «a music». But we can say a «something» of:

  • a piece of news
  • a bottle of water
  • a grain of rice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:

  • I’ve got some money.
  • Have you got any rice?

We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:

  • I’ve got a little money.
  • I haven’t got much rice.

Uncountable nouns are also called «mass nouns».

Here are some more examples of countable and uncountable nouns:

Countable Uncountable
dollar money
song music
suitcase luggage
table furniture
battery electricity
bottle wine
report information
tip advice
journey travel
job work
view scenery

When you learn a new word, it’s a good idea to learn whether it’s countable or uncountable.

Partitive Structure with Uncountable Nouns

To count or quantify an uncountable noun we use a unit of measurement — a measure word. For example, we cannot usually say “two breads” because “bread” is uncountable. So, if we want to specify a quantity of bread we use a measure word such as “loaf” or “slice” in a structure like “two loaves of bread” or “two slices of bread”. We call this structure a partitive structure.

partitive structure: quantity measure word of uncountable noun
examples: two cups of coffee
several games of tennis
a drop of water

We can use the same uncountable noun in different partitive expressions with different meanings. For example, a loaf of bread and a slice of bread are partitive expressions with different meanings. A loaf of bread is what we call a whole unit of bread that we buy from a baker. A slice of bread is what we call a smaller unit of bread after it has been cut from a loaf. 

Here are some more examples:

  • Don’t forget to buy a bag of rice when you go shopping.
  • Can I have one cup of coffee and two cups of tea.
  • The police found some items of clothing scattered around the floor.
  • I need a truck that will take at least three pieces of furniture.
  • You’d think a tablespoon of honey would be more than enough.

The word «partitive» indicates that only «part» of a whole is being referred to. The partitive structure using a measure word is common with uncountable nouns, but it can also be used with countable nouns, for example: a series of accidents, two boxes of matches, a can of worms.

  • List of common measure words
  • List of partitive expressions with example sentences

Nouns that can be Countable and Uncountable

Sometimes, the same noun can be countable and uncountable, often with a change of meaning.

Countable Uncountable
The US dollar and pound sterling are important currencies. currency The expression gained wider currency after 2001.
There are two hairs in my coffee! hair I don’t have much hair.
There are two lights in our bedroom. light Close the curtain. There’s too much light!
Shhhhh! I thought I heard a noise.
There are so many different noises in the city.
noise It’s difficult to work when there is so much noise.
Have you got a paper to read? (newspaper)
Hand me those student papers.
paper I want to draw a picture. Have you got some paper?
Our house has seven rooms. room Is there room for me to sit here?
We had a great time at the party.
How many times have I told you no?
time Have you got time for a cup of coffee?
Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest works. work I have no money. I need work!

Drinks (coffee, water, orange juice) are usually uncountable. But if we are thinking of a cup or a glass, we can say (in a restaurant, for example):
Two teas and one coffee please.

See also this list of nouns that are count and noncount, with example sentences, notes and quizzes

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