The word tsunami can be 13 from japanese as big wave

К содержанию

Задание №1 (Чтение вслух)

1

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The word ‘tsunami’ can be translated from Japanese as ‘big wave’. It describes a natural process that can be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after earthquakes. Most waves are born in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where volcanoes are active. The mass of water rises from the bottom of the ocean and moves to the shore. It moves at a speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters high. The wave is very powerful and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. It hit 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Thousands of people were killed or went missing.

85CACD

Задание №15627.
Чтение текста вслух. ОГЭ по английскому

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Решение:
Речь воспринимается легко: необоснованные паузы отсутствуют; фразовое ударение и интонационные контуры, произношение слов практически без нарушений нормы; допускается не более пяти фонетических ошибок, в том числе одна-две ошибки, искажающие смысл.

Источник: ФИПИ. Открытый банк тестовых заданий

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Образцы вариантов ВПР 2023 года, демоверсии всероссийской проверочной работы для 11 класса по Английскому языку.

1. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Gorky Park is a bright spot on the entertainment map of modern Moscow. It is one of the most interesting places to

13 ______ your leisure time.

1)  comfortable

2)  cultural

3)  enjoy

4)  play

5)  popular

6)  see

7)  spend

8)  takeGorky Park

Gorky Park is a bright spot on the entertainment map of modern Moscow. It is one of the most interesting places to 13 ______ your leisure time. There are bike rental stations, a 14 ______ business area with Wi-Fi, an outdoor movie theatre in Gorky Park.

There are also several different sports options in the indoor sports centre or on the park’s grounds: you can 15 ______ volleyball, handball, football and hockey or go jogging, or cycling around the park. If you find that you are hungry, you can stop and 16 ______ a tasty break at one of Gorky Park’s many cafés. Many 17 ______ events such as exhibitions, Christmas and Easter fairs, concerts, theatre shows and environmental and charity events take place in Gorky Park. These events have become very 18 ______ among Moscow citizens.

2. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

The ninth planet of the solar system was 13 ______ not long ago.

1)  discovered

2)  long

3)  launched

4)  solved

5)  solar

6)  existed

7)  suggested

8)  farPluto

The ninth planet of the solar system was 13 ______ not long ago. It happened in 1930. Scientists had been hunting for the planet for a 14 ______time. They had calculated its probable position but there was no proof that the planet really 15 ______. It was too 16 ______ away for the telescopes of that time to find it. It’s worth mentioning that the first photos of the planet were taken by a very young researcher. He was only twenty-four and had no formal education in astronomy. However, he was deeply involved in the search for the ninth planet. The planet at the edge of the 17 ______ system was called Pluto, after the Roman god. The name for the planet was 18 ______ by an 11-year-old British girl.

3. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Nowadays solar energy is widely 13 ______ as an alternative form of power.

1)  fly

2)  electricity

3)  near

4)  used

5)  cross

6)  fast

7)  come

8)  exploreAlternative power

Nowadays solar energy is widely 13 ______ as an alternative form of power. Solar panels transform the energy from the sun into 14 ______. The first plane that does not need fuel was constructed in France, in 2015. It uses only the sun’s energy. The panels are placed on the huge wings of the plane. It doesn’t fly very 15 ______. Solar energy can make the plane move at only 140 miles an hour. However, the plane is able to travel round the world. It is safe and can successfully 16______ areas of bad weather. In the future, engineers hope to construct a model that people can 17 ______ in. Our dream of environmentally friendly transport may 18 ______ true very soon. Would you like to take a flight on the solar plane?

4. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

We are always told that we should 13 ______ our teeth regularly to keep them healthy and to have fresh breath.

1)  suitable

2)  clean

3)  appeared

4)  ancient

5)  replaced

6)  different

7)  designed

8)  startedPaste

We are always told that we should 13 ______ our teeth regularly to keep them healthy and to have fresh breath. It is believed that people 14 ______ using a kind of paste to clean their teeth around 5000 years ago. However, the ingredients of these tooth powders were very 15 ______ from ours. For example, the people of 16 ______ Egypt used salt, mint, dried flowers and pepper to create tooth powder. Later, in the 18th century, in some countries in Europe, people brushed their teeth with burnt bread. The first toothpaste 17 ______ in 1890, in Great Britain. At first it was sold in jars. Then special tubes were 18 ______ to make the toothpaste more comfortable to use.

5. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Do you know why it is 13 ______ in the summer and cold in the winter?

1)  changes

2)  reach

3)  enough

4)  replaced

5)  serious

6)  farther

7)  hot

8)  suggestTemperature

Do you know why it is 13 ______ in the summer and cold in the winter? Most people believe that it is because the Earth is closer to the Sun in the summer and 14 ______ from it in the winter. But it is not like this at all! In fact, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is largest in July and smallest in January! Scientists 15 ______ that the reason for different summer and winter temperatures is the angle of the Sun’s rays. In the summer, the rays 16 ______ the Earth almost at a right angle. Due to this, the rays are not spread out and a smaller area of the planet’s surface gets the energy. In the winter, the angle 17 ______ and the Sun’s rays are spread out over a larger area. Besides this, the long nights and short days do not give 18 ______ time for the land to warm up.

6. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word ‘robot’ 13 ______ in the 1920s and it was first used in a science fiction story.

1)  visit

2)  different

3)  appeared

4)  tired

5)  become

6)  computer

7)  accurately

8)  calledA robot

A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word ‘robot’ 13 ______ in the 1920s and it was first used in a science fiction story. In real life, the robot was invented later, in 1954. There are different kinds of robots which are used in 14 ______ industries. Most of them are operated with the help of a 15 ______ program. Instead of humans, robots do hard and boring work in unpleasant or dangerous environments. They usually work faster and more 16 ______ than people. They never get 17 ______ and do not make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for domestic needs – to clean houses or to look after sick and elderly people. Scientists say that soon robots will 18 ______ a normal part of our life, like mobiles and computers today.

7. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Nowadays people can’t 13 ______ their kitchen without a refrigerator.

1)  expensive

2)  wooden

3)  see

4)  expensive

5)  imagine

6)  keep

7)  buy

8)  similarRefrigerator

Nowadays people can’t 13 ______ their kitchen without a refrigerator. The first refrigerators appeared at the end of the 18th century. They looked different: they were just iceboxes. The refrigerators of the past were just 14 ______ boxes, sometimes lined inside with metal. People put ice into the box and then placed the food inside to 15 ______ it cool. The refrigerator, 16 ______ to the one that we have now, was produced by General Electric in 1911, in France. It was very 17 ______. In those days, with the same money you could 18 ______ two cars. Today, in developed countries almost every family has enough money to buy a refrigerator for their kitchen. It’s hard to imagine how difficult and uncomfortable our lives would be without a refrigerator.

8. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Nowadays everyone 13 ______ that the Sun is a star.

1)  seems

2)  tried

3)  believed

4)  round

5)  enough

6)  knows

7)  fartherThe Sun

Without the energy from the Sun, the Earth would have no life at all. Nowadays everyone 13 ______ that the Sun is a star. Like all stars, the Sun is a great burning ball of gases. To us, it 14 ______ large and red. The other stars look white or light blue because they are much 15 ______ from us than the Sun. In the past, many people 16 ______ that the Earth was the centre of the universe. They thought that the Sun and the stars went 17 ______ it. Only in 1543, a great Polish scientist published a book in which he 18 ______ to prove a different point of view. According to him, the Earth and the other planets moved round the Sun. Those people who supported the scientist were often imprisoned and even killed.

9. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

The carrot is a 13 ______ vegetable which consists mostly of water and sugar.

1)  selected

2)  root

3)  tasted

4)  boiled

5)  eastern

6)  natural

7)  widely

8)  brightestThe carrot

The carrot is a 13 ______ vegetable which consists mostly of water and sugar. The carrots that we eat today originated from the wild ones which grew in Europe and Asia. The vegetable 14 ______ sweet and the people began to use it as food.

There are two main types of carrots. There are 15 ______ carrots that have dark purple roots and western carrots with orange roots. In fact, orange carrots first appeared in Europe in 1721. Dutch farmers 16 ______ orange carrots because orange is the colour of the Dutch Royal Family. Now orange carrots are 17 ______ grown all over the world. In modern households carrots are cooked and eaten in different ways. The vegetable is 18 ______ , fried, baked and eaten raw. People also make juice from it.

10. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Since 2007 high-speed trains have become a 13 ______ type of transport in Europe.

1)  made

2)  common

3)  loud

4)  cover

5)  greatly

6)  make

7)  thin

8)  unofficialHigh-speed trains

Since 2007 high-speed trains have become a 13 ______ type of transport in Europe. They 14 ______ it possible to cut travel times by hours. The trains travel at 350 kilometres an hour, and this is not the limit! The only problem for the engineers is the 15 ______ noise the trains produce. People living in the areas the trains travel through suffer from the noise 16 ______ . For the passengers, the situation is different. For their comfort, all the carriages are 17 ______ sound-proof from the inside. Travelling on high-speed trains is comfortable and pleasant. In the future, a high-speed railroad network could 18 ______ most of Europe. For example, a trip from Paris to Rome could take only 3 hours!

11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Venus is one of the 13 ______ planets in the Solar system.

1)  formed

2)  selected

3)  hottest

4)  made

5)  protect

6)  unfriendly

7)  turns

8)  technicalVenus

Venus is one of the 13 ______ planets in the Solar system. The temperature on its surface is 482 degrees. This 14 ______ place looks much the same as the Earth 4 billion years ago. Both planets were 15 ______ from the same gas cloud but Venus lost most of its water and atmosphere. This happened because the planet 16 ______ very slowly. As a result, now it has no magnetic field to 17 ______ it from the Sun’s winds. The planet has turned into a lifeless desert. Most space modules that were sent to Venus, could not work on the planet more than two hours. The acidic clouds and high pressure quickly 18 ______ them absolutely useless.

12. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Studies of the atmosphere first received 13 ______ support in 1912.

1)  study

2)  loud

3)  protect

4)  regular

5)  measure

6)  raise

7)  predict

8)  technicalStudies of the atmosphere

Studies of the atmosphere first received 13 ______ support in 1912. Equipment to 14 ______ temperature and pressure was invented in Germany. But the question was how to 15 ______ it high into the air. In 1921, Russian engineers suggested using planes. The special equipment was put on planes that made 16 ______ flights. Thanks to this, scientists got a lot of new information about the structure of the atmosphere. Nowadays scientists use modern flying laboratories to 17 ______ the structure of clouds at different levels. Unlike the first planes, these laboratories can work in any weather and are able to 18 ______ climate changes.

13. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

They have become an 13 ______ symbol of the country.

1)  rises

2)  first

3)  have

4)  fresh

5)  make

6)  unofficial

7)  spend

8)  lookWombats

Wombats are exotic animals that only live in Australia. They have become an 13 ______ symbol of the country. In 1974 a wombat appeared on an Australian stamp for the 14 ______ time. Since then it has been regularly used on different Australian stamps and coins. Wombats 15 ______ like little bears and prefer grass to meat. They also love eating berries, plant roots and mushrooms. Like camels, wombats drink little water because there is enough water in 16 ______ grass. Wombats 17 ______ most of their life in holes under the ground. With their strong arms and long nails they are able to dig very long and complex tunnels. Fortunately, wombats 18 ______ few enemies in the animal world. Most wombats live around 15 years.

14. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

The word ‘tsunami’ can be 13 ______ from Japanese as ‘big wave’.

1)  natural

2)  rises

3)  translated

4)  hit

5)  loud

6)  spend

7)  powerful

8)  bornTsunami

The word ‘tsunami’ can be 13 ______ from Japanese as ‘big wave’. It describes a 14 ______ process that can be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after earthquakes. Most waves are 15 ______ in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where volcanoes are active. The mass of water 16 ______ from the bottom of the ocean and moves to the shore. It moves at the speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters high. The wave is very 17 ______ and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. It 18 ______ 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Thousands of people were killed or went missing.

15. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

It is 13 ______ in a national park.

1)  selected

2)  above

3)  feel

4)  built

5)  get

6)  formed

7)  enough

8)  locatedSnowdon

Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales. It is 13 ______ in a national park. It stands at 1085 metres 14 ______ sea level, and it is often described as the busiest mountain in Great Britain. Snowdon is very popular with tourists. If you are strong and brave 15 ______ to get to the top, you can enjoy wonderful views from there. On a clear day, you can see as far as Ireland! During the summer months there is a café at the top. There, tourists can 16 ______ a welcome cup of tea, or soup if the weather is cold. If you 17 ______ too tired to walk back, you can always take the train down the mountain. The mountain railway was 18 ______ in 1896. It is safe, and there have never been any accidents on this route.

16. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

And the 13 ______ object in the sky is the Moon.

1)  thin

2)  brightest

3)  travel

4)  see

5)  round

6)  take

7)  closest

8)  coverThe Moon

Most people enjoy watching the night sky. And the 13 ______ object in the sky is the Moon. Every night the Moon rises in the East and sets in the West. It takes about 27 days to go around the Earth, and it’s an interesting fact that we always 14 ______ the same side of the Moon. The Moon is the 15 ______ object to the Earth. It would take us only 13 hours to get to the Moon by rocket. If we were able to 16 ______ at the speed of light, it would take a bit less than two seconds.

There is a very 17 ______ atmosphere on the Moon. Life is not possible there. In spite of this, the Moon can be used as a base for space exploration and even for space tourism. Some space companies say that they will be able to 18 ______ tourists to the Moon as soon as in 2020.

17. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

We have built spaceships to go to other planets and are planning to 13 ______ other galaxies one day.

1)  expensive

2)  little

3)  makes

4)  called

5)  stretches

6)  tasted

7)  lowest

8)  visitThe oceans

People have always wanted to discover new things and new worlds. We have built spaceships to go to other planets and are planning to 13 ______ other galaxies one day. Meanwhile, we know very 14 ______ about our own planet. The oceans, which cover 70 percent of the planet, are an unknown world to us. The Pacific Ocean is the largest one. The 15 ______ point on the Earth is also there. It is 16 ______ Challenger Deep and it was discovered in 1875. The Pacific Ocean 17 ______ from the Arctic Ocean to the coast of Antarctica. But most of its water is in the warm tropics, which 18 ______ it warm. A lot of fish and animals live in the Pacific Ocean. The place is still waiting for researchers to discover its secrets for us.

18. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

It covers the 13 ______ polar region of the Earth.

1)  serious

2)  northern

3)  appeared

4)  worse

5)  recorded

6)  tried

7)  breaks

8)  huntThe Arctic region

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean of the world. It covers the 13 ______ polar region of the Earth. The Arctic region is a very cold place. The lowest 14 ______ temperature there is minus 68 degrees. In spite of the cold, a lot of animals live on the Arctic ice. The polar bear is one of them. Now, due to global warming, the polar bear is in a 15 ______ trouble. The thing is that polar bears 16 ______ seals and they need ice to do this. The bears wait for seals on the ice, hunt them in the water and go back to the shore. If the ice is too thin, it 17 ______ under the bears’ heavy bodies and they may drown. The situation is getting 18 ______ and some researchers say the ocean may become ice-free as soon as 2050.

19. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

In 1642 a French student invented the first 13 ______ calculator.

1)  realized

2)  easier

3)  perform

4)  wooden

5)  was

6)  replaced

7)  farther

8)  mechanicalThe first calculator

In 1642 a French student invented the first 13 ______ calculator. He was only 18 and the counting machine was a present for his father. The father worked as a tax collector and the young man wanted to make his job 14 ______.

The talented inventor made several machines but nobody 15 ______ interested. The young man was ahead of his time. Many years passed before people 16 ______ how useful these machines could be and started mass producing them.

Today most mechanical calculators have been 17 ______ with electronic models. These small devices can 18 ______ a lot of mathematical operations. You just need to enter the numbers by pressing the keys and you’ll see the final result on the screen in no time.

20. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

One day a young man who lived 13 ______ the lake in a small American town asked himself, “Why can’t people ski on water if they can ski on snow?”

1)  hot

2)  across

3)  near

4)  constructed

5)  recognized

6)  different

7)  patent

8)  suitableWater skiing

One day a young man who lived 13 ______ the lake in a small American town asked himself, “Why can’t people ski on water if they can ski on snow?” With his brother’s help he constructed several models of skis to test his ideas. He 14 ______ on the local lake for a few days and created skis 15 ______ for the water. This happened in 1922. The young man, who was only 18 at that time, didn’t 16 ______ his invention. However, he performed a lot of shows 17 ______ the country that made him and the sport of water skiing popular. Later, he was 18 ______ as the creator of a new sport – water skiing.

Water skiing equipment has been greatly improved since that time, and the number of people who enjoy this sport is growing in many countries.

21. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

The telescope is the oldest and probably the most effective tool to 13 ______ space.

1)  serious

2)  explore

3)  fast

4)  produces

5)  solve

6)  low

7)  launched

8)  lotThe telescope

The telescope is the oldest and probably the most effective tool to 13 ______ space. It has been used by astronomers since the 16th century and it has tremendously changed our knowledge of the universe. Certainly, the telescope itself has changed a 14 ______ since that time too.

The most famous telescope nowadays, the Hubble Telescope, works in space, in 15 ______ Earth orbit. It works from above the atmosphere of the Earth and that is why it 16 ______ fantastically clear photos. The Hubble was 17 ______ into space on 24th April, 1990 from the Space Shuttle Discovery and is still in operation. Scientists say its information could help them to 18 ______ the mystery of the black holes and to understand how they form.

22. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

The Summer Garden in St. Petersburg was personally designed by Peter the Great in 1704. It is home to marble statues acquired from Europe especially for Russia’s new capital. It was a 13 ______ place for courtly life outside the palace, and balls were held here by the nobility.

1)  attraction

2)  chapter

3)  character

4)  discussed

5)  enjoyed

6)  romantic

7)  took

8)  traditional

23. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

It is one of the greatest and most 13 ______ opera and ballet theatres with its own 14 ______ and unforgettable atmosphere.

1)  countries

2)  cultural

3)  famous

4)  history

5)  natural

6)  traditions

7)  world

8)  peaceThe Bolshoi Theatre

The Bolshoi Theatre is one of the most iconic symbols of Russian culture. It is one of the greatest and most 13 ______ opera and ballet theatres with its own 14 ______ and unforgettable atmosphere. It is one of the 15 ______ treasures of Russia. The main building of the theater, rebuilt and renovated several times during its 16 ______, is a landmark of Moscow and Russia.

By the end of the 19th century the Bolshoi’s opera and ballet productions were influencing the performing arts in Europe. Today the Bolshoi artists successfully perform all over the 17 ______. They establish partnerships with the largest theatres in Italy, France, England and many other 18 ______. Each season the theater introduces from two to four new ballet or opera productions.

24. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Moscow State University is the oldest university in Russia. It was founded in 1755, and it is one of the country’s most prestigious and best universities. It is the 13 ______ university in Russia with 40 faculties and many research centres.

1)  art

2)  centre

3)  easiest

4)  free

5)  highest

6)  largest

7)  open

8)  scienceMoscow State University

Moscow State University is the oldest university in Russia. It was founded in 1755, and it is one of the country’s most prestigious and best universities. It is the 13 ______ university in Russia with 40 faculties and many research centres. It’s a symbol of Russian 14 ______.

The new building, which is located on Vorobyovy Gory near the Moskva River was completed in 1949–1953. The university’s 15 ______ section is 36 floors and 194 metres tall. There are approximately 9 million books in the university library. It also has its own publishing 16 ______. Education at MSU is 17 ______ for many students. The only condition for this is passing entrance exams in addition to getting good results in the Uniform State Exam. The university is 18 ______ to international students too.

25. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Kizhi is one of the first open-air museums of wooden constructions in Russia. It started functioning in 1951; since then a large number of 13 ______ buildings have appeared on the island.

1)  based

2)  built

3)  centuries

4)  courses

5)  historical

6)  moved

7)  natural

8)  scientificKizhi Museum

Kizhi is one of the first open-air museums of wooden constructions in Russia. It started functioning in 1951; since then a large number of 13 ______ buildings have appeared on the island. They were 14 ______ here from various parts of Karelia. The museum contains many unique items. Most of them are 17th–19th 15 ______ artifacts. The museum also contains exhibits of the 20th century.

The museum conducts a wide range of 16 ______ studies in history, archeology, ecology, and nature. It is 17 ______ in Kizhi and Petrozavodsk and has an advanced web portal and a web camera on the island. Kizhi museum also publishes the monthly «Kizhi newspaper». In summer, it runs week-long education 18 ______ at the school and university level.

26. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Lake Baikal is the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake. It is surrounded by rocky mountains, the tops of which are covered with 13 ______.

1)  clear

2)  colour

3)  dark

4)  enjoy

5)  exist

6)  popular

7)  see

8)  snowLake Baikal

Lake Baikal is the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake. It is surrounded by rocky mountains, the tops of which are covered with 13 ______. Its water is so 14 ______ that any object can be seen well at the depth of 40 meters. It contains more water than the Great lakes in North America. The 15 ______ of Baikal’s water is close to that of the sea. It is similar dark blue or blue green. In winter this lake is almost completely covered in ice. By the end of winter the ice is 1 metre thick. Two-thirds of its 1,700 species of plants and animals don’t 16 ______ anywhere else in the world.

The Baikal is one of the most beautiful lakes of the planet and one of the few that is still growing. Lake Baikal is a 17 ______ tourist attraction. Millions of people come to 18 ______ their vacations there.

27. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Lena Pillars is a long chain of steep high rocks which are like columns or pillars. They are located on the 13 ______ bank of the Lena River in Russia.

1)  enjoy

2)  house

3)  large

4)  place

5)  right

6)  spend

7)  view

8)  wrongLena Stone Pillars

Lena Pillars is a long chain of steep high rocks which are like columns or pillars. They are located on the 13 ______ bank of the Lena River in Russia. The river serves as a mirror for the pillars. They look twice as 14 ______ and majestic because of the reflection in the water. At sunrise the 15 ______ of the pillars is especially amazing! It wasn’t always possible to 16 ______ this beauty close. In the past the 17 ______ was thought to be sacred. Ordinary people were afraid to come there. It was believed that these rocks were frozen statues of people created by the unknown powers. So, only the elders and shamans had the right to approach these mysterious rocks.

The natural beauty of the place impresses everyone! Many people like to 18 ______ their holidays there.

28. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

If you are travelling to St. Petersburg, a visit you can’t miss is to Peterhof. Peterhof is about 30 km from St. Petersburg, and is located next to the Gulf of Finland. This small town was created by order of Peter the Great and is 13 ______ all over the world.

1)  beautiful

2)  became

3)  began

4)  comes

5)  famous

6)  keeps

7)  museums

8)  photosPeterhof

If you are travelling to St. Petersburg, a visit you can’t miss is to Peterhof. Peterhof is about 30 km from St. Petersburg, and is located next to the Gulf of Finland. This small town was created by order of Peter the Great and is 13 ______ all over the world. It is popular for palaces and gardens that were the residence of the czars until the Revolution of 1917.

In 1918 the Peterhof complex was transformed into a series of 14 ______. During World War II it was occupied and destroyed by German troops. After World War II it 15 ______ its restoration, which still continues.

The gardens of Peterhof are 16 ______ with many fountains and man-made canals. The water there 17 ______ from natural springs. Samson’s fountain is one of the best known in Peterhof. Visitors always take 18 ______ of it.

29. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

From late May to early July the nights are bright in St. Petersburg. The brightest period, the White Nights, normally 13 ______ from June 11th to July 2nd. St. Petersburg is а northern city.

1)  becomes

2)  begins

3)  friendly

4)  lasts

5)  popular

6)  river

7)  sky

8)  trafficThe White Nights

From late May to early July the nights are bright in St. Petersburg. The brightest period, the White Nights, normally 13 ______ from June 11th to July 2nd. St. Petersburg is а northern city. At this time of year the sun never fully sets, it does not go below the horizon enough for the 14 ______ to grow dark. In fact night 15 ______ like day.

A walk along the banks of the city’s rivers and canals in almost broad daylight any time of day or night is very romantic. One of the traditions of the White Nights is watching the Neva bridges open to let through boat

16 ______. The White Nights season is 17 ______ with tourists. They have more hours to do sightseeing and go shopping as shops stay open late. The atmosphere on the streets of St. Petersburg is very 18 ______.

30. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

The Houses of Parliament’s clock tower is one of London’s most famous landmarks. It holds the 13 ______ for being the second largest four-faced chiming clock in the world.

1)  important

2)  gives

3)  educational

4)  knows

5)  looks

6)  national

7)  picture

8)  recordBig Ben

The Houses of Parliament’s clock tower is one of London’s most famous landmarks. It holds the 13 ______ for being the second largest four-faced chiming clock in the world. The name Big Ben is often used to describe the tower, the clock and the bell, but the name was first given to the Great Bell. Nobody really 14 ______ the origin of the name, though there are many theories about it.

The clock tower has become a 15 ______ symbol of the United Kingdom. The 16 ______ of the tower often goes with a red double-decker bus in the foreground. The clock tower 17 ______ fantastic at night when the four clock faces are illuminated. Conservation works on the tower started in 2017 and Big Ben will stay silent until 2021. It will continue to chime though for 18 ______ events such as New Year’s Eve and Remembrance Sunday.

31. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Hyde Park is one of London’s eight Royal Parks. Set right in the heart of London, it 13 ______ an area of 350 acres.

1)  covers

2)  find

3)  gives

4)  offers

5)  popular

6)  regular

7)  speak

8)  traditional

Hyde Park

Hyde Park is one of London’s eight Royal Parks. Set right in the heart of London. it 13_____________an area of 350 acres. Hyde Park 14_____________both world-class events and concerts together w ith plenty of quiet places to relax and unw ind. Speaker’s Comer is a 15_____________area within Hyde Park.

In 1872, an act of parliament set aside this part of Hyde Park for public speaking. It has been a 16_____________site for public speeches and debates since the mid 1800’s. It has acquired an international reputation for demonstrations and other protests due to its tolerance of free speech. Even today, on a Sunday morning, it’s not unusual to 17_____________crowds gathering at Speakers’ Comer.

Anyone can turn up unannounced to 18_____________ on any subject, as long as the police consider their speeches lawful.

32. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Four new elements were discovered and added to the periodic table. That’s a 13 ______ deal!

1)  big

2)  each

3)  greater

4)  helps

5)  later

6)  needs

7)  organized

8)  smallImportant scientific discovery

Four new elements were discovered and added to the periodic table. That’s a 13 ______ deal! The atoms of the elements are so 14 ______ that half a million of them could line up across a single human hair. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Different atoms have different amounts of them which 15 ______ tell us what kind of element it is. An element can’t be broken down any further. And 16 ______ element has its own personality or characteristic. A Russian scientist named Mendeleev figured all of this out and 17 ______ the elements into a chart  — The Periodic Table of Elements. He even knew, in 1869, that there would be more elements discovered. And we’re still adding them nearly 150 years 18 ______! This is the first time in 5 years that any have been added.

33. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

A meteor about the size of two buses, and weighing approximately 50 tons, burned up over Chelyabinsk. It was caught on video and it’s incredible to watch! There was a 13 ______ fireball!

1)  buildings

2)  depends

3)  effects

4)  faster

5)  happens

6)  high

7)  huge

8)  tinyA meteor over Russia

A meteor about the size of two buses, and weighing approximately 50 tons, burned up over Chelyabinsk. It was caught on video and it’s incredible to watch! There was a 13 ______ fireball! It travelled 14 ______ than the speed of sound. The meteor broke up into pieces, and smaller pieces hit the ground. About a thousand people got hurt from its 15 ______  — it blasted out windows, doors, and parts of 16 ______ in general. It also set off a lot of car alarms. No crater has been found since it burned up 17 ______ in the sky. And it’s rare that it happened over land. Something like this usually 18 ______ over the oceans, since the oceans cover about 70% of the Earth. It is good, though, it didn’t hit near a big city.

34. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Flower festivals are celebrated all over the world. One of them is the Brussels’ Flower Carpet  — a special show that 13 ______ every two years.

1)  calendars

2)  comes

3)  ends

4)  final

5)  decide

6)  main

7)  plans

8)  ticketsFlower festival

Flower festivals are celebrated all over the world. One of them is the Brussels’ Flower Carpet  — a special show that 13 ______ every two years. For five short days a huge carpet of flowers (75 metres by 25 metres) is laid out on the 14 ______ square of Brussels, the Grand Place, in front of the City Hall.

15 ______ are drawn up for the Flower Carpet a year in advance. The designers 16 ______ on colours and number of flowers to be grown for the year’s festival. The Flower Carpet appears on postcards, 17 ______ and images of Brussels for years to come, but only those who visit the city in August are lucky enough to see it in person. The viewing is free, but visitors can buy 18 ______ to get a better panoramic view from the balcony of the City Hall.

35. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

The country estate «Arkhangelskoye» is a wonderful monument of Russian 13 ______ from the end of the XVIII to the beginning of the XIX century.

1)  beauty

2)  collection

3)  culture

4)  decorate

5)  destroy

6)  each

7)  family

8)  othersThe «Arkhangelskoye» estate

The country estate «Arkhangelskoye» is a wonderful monument of Russian 13 ______ from the end of the XVIII to the beginning of the XIX century. It is famous for the magnificent 14 ______ of its garden and park ensemble and its splendid 15 ______ of paintings, drawings, sculptures and pieces of applied art and apart from it the superb store of rare books. Arkhangelskoye belonged to the prince Golitsinsky’s 16 ______ until 1809 but in 1810 it was bought by the richest Russian noble the prince Yusupov, who was a collector and patron of art. It took Yusupov 50 years to build and 17 ______ the ensemble. He invited such well-known architects as Gern, Trombaro, Pettondi, Gonzago, Bove and 18 ______. The first third of the XIX century was the period of golden age for Arkhangelskoye.

36. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

The centre of St.-Petersburg, like all cities with rich history, is best seen by walking from one 13 ______ to another.

1)  beauty

2)  enjoy

3)  information

4)  popular

5)  see

6)  sight

7)  such

8)  transportWelcome to Saint Petersburg

The centre of St.-Petersburg, like all cities with rich history, is best seen by walking from one 13 ______ to another. If you’re not afraid of long walking tours, you’ll love 14 ______ a way of exploring this Venice of the North in Russia. You will 15 ______ a walking tour in the very centre of St.-Petersburg for the opportunity to explore each 16 ______ place. Just in case you’re not willing to wander around St.-Petersburg, there is a good alternative to it  — an excursion tour in a private car or a mini bus or any other 17 ______. A professional driver and a guide will show you all the main tourist attractions of the city, providing you with the latest and most interesting 18 ______ about them, which can give you a chance to choose a few of them to explore more thoroughly later on.

37. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

More than 400 years ago, Galileo Galilei built a telescope. He was an Italian 13 ______.

1)  actions

2)  big

3)  pictures

4)  red

5)  rocket

6)  scientist

7)  space

8)  viewAn Eye in the Sky

More than 400 years ago, Galileo Galilei built a telescope. He was an Italian 13 ______. He used the telescope to study space. Since then, scientists have used telescopes to make 14 ______ discoveries. The Hubble Space Telescope was sent to 15 ______ in 1990. It has sent back more than a million 16 ______. Soon, a new telescope will take over for Hubble. It is the James Webb Space Telescope. It is also called JWST, and Webb. In 2018, a 17 ______ will take JWST into space. The new telescope will explore farther into space than Hubble. It will travel a million miles from Earth. This will give scientists a better 18 ______ of the universe. «Hubble rewrote astronomy textbooks,» Maggie Masetti told TFK. She works on the Webb project. «Webb is going to do the same thing.»

38. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Texting while driving is illegal in 47 states of the USA. But what about texting while 13 ______?

1)  across

2)  against

3)  crossing

4)  important

5)  people

6)  policemen

7)  phones

8)  walkingTexting Outlawed

Texting while driving is illegal in 47 states of the USA. But what about texting while 13 ______? A law was recently passed in Honolulu, Hawaii. The law makes it illegal to text or look down at a device while 14 ______ the street. It is the first major U.S. city with a law like this. Some 15 ______ are in favour of the law. They say it will keep people safe. Others are 16 ______ it. Should more places adopt such a law? Sally Eun Bine Park from Paju, South Korea, says: «What’s more 17 ______, texting or safety? Looking at your phone while walking is not safe. You might not see a car coming. We call people who look at their 18 ______ while walking «smartphone zombies.» This law will help keep people alive! And we will see fewer zombies on the street».

39. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

The Story of Ferdinand is a popular kids’ book. It was published more than 80 years ago. Now it is also an animated 13 ______. Ferdinand hit the big screen on December 15.

1)  afraid

2)  home

3)  interest

4)  movie

5)  name

6)  return

7)  spoiled

8)  troubleBeyond Appearances

The Story of Ferdinand is a popular kids’ book. It was published more than 80 years ago. Now it is also an animated 13 ______. Ferdinand hit the big screen on December 15. The movie is part comedy, part drama. It tells the story of a kind and gentle Spanish bull. His 14 ______ is Ferdinand. Because of his size, people think Ferdinand is a beast. So he is taken from his 15 ______ and made to fight. Then the bull plots a 16 ______ to his home. Ferdinand is voiced by John Cena. He is an actor and a professional wrestler. «A lot of people think I want to cause 17 ______,» Cena told TFK Kid Reporter Gabrielle Hurd. Above all, the movie delivers an important message. «Never be 18 ______ to be who you are,» Cena says. «That’s what makes you special.»

40. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Measuring health and happiness

How do you measure happiness? Perhaps health is the best way because a famous doctor once said, “Happy people generally don’t get sick.” It’s also 13 ______ to measure how many people feel ill or unhealthy in a country.

1)  clean

2)  clear

3)  decided

4)  discussed

5)  easy

6)  else

7)  included

8)  near

Measuring health and happiness

How do you measure happiness? Perhaps health is the best way because a famous doctor once said. «Happy people generally don’t get sick.» It’s aLso 13_____________to measure how many people feel ill or unhealthy in a country. For example, one survey says Iceland is the «healthiest country in the world» because men and women live a long time there, the air is very 14_____________ and there are more doctors available per person than anywhere 15_____________ in the world.

However, there was another survey of the happiest countries in the world and Iceland was not 16_____________ the top. The questions on this survey 17____________: How much do you earn? How healthy are you? How safe do you feel? After visiting 155 different countries, the researchers 18___________that Denmark feels happier than other countries.

41. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Last days of the rickshaw

Kolkata, previously called Calcutta, is the famous capital of West Bengal in India. The traffic jams and engine fumes begin early in the morning with long lines of private cars, 13 ______ buses, taxis, etc. There aren’t many alternatives.

1.  advantages

2.  catch

3.  find

4.  job

5.  keep

6.  modern

7.  popular

8.  public

42. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Twenty-first century cowboys

What do you know about twenty-first century cowboys? Cowboys have always had a 13 ______ image.

1.  hard

2.  hobby

3.  job

4.  interesting

5.  modern

6.  romantic

7.  symbol

8.  traditional

43. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Kamchatka Project

After travelling round the world for almost half a week and moving through nineteen time zones, we 13 ______ step off the helicopter.

1.  distance

2.  exciting

3.  finally

4.  nowadays

5.  painful

6.  region

7.  strange

8.  usually

44. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Geography

Once, the traditional British holiday was a week at the seaside. It could be either in the UK or somewhere with more 13 ______ weather like the Mediterranean.

1.  cultural

2.  different

3.  doubled

4.  kept

5.  mixed

6.  reliable

7.  sold

8.  usual

45. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Holidays

Thousands of people nowadays spend their holidays travelling. They travel by train, bus, motorcycle, or in their own car. They go cruising on rivers and seas, in private yachts or 13 ______ steamers.

1.  comfortable

2.  country

3.  depend

4.  nature

5.  picturesque

6.  prefer

7.  provide

8.  wonderful

46. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Can animals talk?

People have always liked to imagine that animals could speak our language. Is it really 13 ______, though, for animals to talk?

1.  able

2.  case

3.  certain

4.  perfectly

5.  possible

6.  quickly

7.  usually

8.  way

47. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.Salt

What do you know about salt? Today we 13 ______ salt for granted, but many years ago salt was scarce, it was used as money.

1.  believe

2.  considered

3.  exchanged

4.  hold

5.  pay

6.  placed

7.  take

8.  wealth

48. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

1.  strange

2.  fashionable

3.  hidden

4.  useful

5.  new

6.  called

7.  believed

8.  protectedKuznetsky Most

Kuznеtsky Most is onе of thе oldеst strееts of Moscow. It is locatеd in thе vеry cеntеr of thе city and has always bееn a strееt with thе most 13 __________ shops in thе capital. Many of those shops belonged to French families and had French names. This was the reason why the street survived the Fire of Moscow in 1812  — Napoleon’s army 14 __________ the shops of their compatriots. Today, the name of the street, which can be translated into English as Smiths’ Bridge, may sound 15 __________ to those who do not know its history because there is no real bridge anywhere close to it, nor is there any river or lake nearby where a bridge might be 16 __________. But in reality the river exists. It is 17 __________ the Neglinka and it flows under the ground in canals that were created for it in the early 19th century. When the river was 18 __________ under the ground in 1819 and the bridge was turned into a road, many people found it funny that the street preserved its name.

49. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

1)  amazing

2)  excited

3)  got

4)  grew

5)  hard

6)  heavy

7)  spending

8)  winningAlex Ovechkin

Alex Ovechkin is one of the top ice hockey players in the world. Some of the most 13________ goals in hockey history have been scored by Ovechkin.

Alex was born in Moscow in 1985. He 14________ up in Russia in an athletic family. His dad was a professional soccer player and his mom was an Olympic Gold Medallist in basketball. At a young age Alex chose hockey as his sport. He loved playing and watching it on TV. He was working 15__________ to achieve success. Alex 16_________ up early in the morning to have a training before school. He soon became a star in the Moscow youth hockey Dynamo league. Alex was 17____________ to become the youngest ever member of Russia’s national team. Overall, Ovechkin has represented Russia at eleven World Championships and three Olympics in his career, 18_________ the World Championship three times.

50. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

1.  Already

2.  Brought

3.  Disappeared

4.  Discovered

5.  Even

6.  Moved

7.  Lived

8.  StillSaving languages

Five hundred years ago, Europeans arrived at a new continent. They 13_______ new cultures and languages to America. However, there were 14_______ people living there who had their own cultures and languages. And so terrible part of history began.

As more Europeans arrived, there was a fight for the land with the native American Indians. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Indian tribes were 15_______ to reservations. By the end of the twentieth century more than half of the Native Americans in the US 16_______ in cities. They gave up speaking their old tribal language and only used English. As a result, many Native American languages 17_______ and with them their culture.

Some American Indian languages are 18______ used today but they are usually spoken by the older members of the tribes who still live on the reservations.

51. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

What do you think of English food? I am always both amused and 13_____________ when I hear foreign people criticize English food.

1)  annoyed

2)  boring

3)  compare

4)  delicious

5)  experienced

6)  invent

7)  make

8)  pleased

English food

What do you think of English food? I am always both amused and 13_____________ when I hear foreign people criticize English food. «It’s unimaginative,» they say. «It’s 14_____________ , it’s tasteless, it’s fish and chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables.»

When I ask these visitors where they have 15_____________ English cooking, I am surprised by their reply. «In Wimpy Bars and MacDonald’s Hamburger restaurants,» they often say. Their conclusions are inexcusable.

My theory is this. Our basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that we haven’t had to 16_____________ sauces and complex recipes to disguise their natural taste. What can 17_____________ with fresh peas or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream or yoghurt and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely 18_____________ ? We complain about our wet and changeable weather, but it is the rain which gives us our rich soil and green grass.

52. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13−18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1−8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1−8 лишние.

Marco Polo is one of the greatest explorers in the world ever. He travelled to China and the Far East from Europe. Marco had to travel across the great Gobi Desert to get to China. lt 13_____________him months only to cross the desert.

1)  afraid

2)  decided

3)  depended

4)  excited

5)  imagined

6)  interesting

7)  spent

8)  took

Exploring China

Marco Polo is one of the greatest explorers in the world ever. He travelled to China and the Far East from Europe. Marco had to travel across the great Gobi Desert to get to China. lt 13_____________ him months only to cross the desert. When he came to China three years later, Marco was 14_____________ by the wealth and luxury. The capital city was large, but well-organized and clean. Wide roads and huge engineering projects like the Grand Canal were astonishing. It was much better than anything he had ever seen or 15_____________. Everything from the food to the animals, like orangutans and rhinos, was new and 16_____________. After travelling around China for several years, Marco 17_____________ to go back to Venice. He left home in 1271 and finally returned in 1295. Thus, Marco Polo 18_____________ 24 years on his adventure to China.

53. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Do you like tea? Strictly speaking, tea is not a 13_____________ at all, but a suitable occasion for social intercourse, when people often come in for a chat over their cup of tea.

1)  dinner

2)  eaten

3)  followed

4)  food

5)  include

6)  involve

7)  meal

8)  place

Tea

Do you like tea? Strictly speaking, tea is not a 13_____________ at all, but a suitable occasion for social intercourse, when people often come in for a chat over their cup of tea.

There are two kinds of tea, «afternoon tea» and «high tea». «Afternoon tea» takes 14_____________ between 3.30 and 4.30 and consists of tea, bread, butter and jam. cakes and biscuits. «High tea», howev er, is more substantial. It is 15_____________ between 5.30 and 6.30 by families which do not usually have a late 16_____________. In a well-to-do family it will 17_____________ ham or tongue and tomatoes and salad, or tinned salmon, with strong tea, bread and butter. These are 18_____________ by stewed fruit, or tinned pears, apricots or pineapple with cream or custard and cake.

54. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Vincent van Gogh is considered one of the greatest and most influential artists of his time. He 13_____________drawing from the time he was a young boy.

1)  called

2)  condition

3)  decision

4)  enjoyed

5)  interested

6)  long

7)  number

8)  well

Van Gogh’s early career

Vincent van Gogh is considered one of the greatest and most influential artists of his time. He 13_____________drawing from the time he was a young boy. However, Vincent had a 14____________ of other jobs before he started to work as an artist full time. He worked as a teacher in London and then as a minister, and as a missionary. He used to sell books as 15____________ as works of art. At around the age of 27, van Gogh made a 16____________ to devote himself completely to art.

When Vincent first started drawing he was 17____________ in drawing poor hardworking people. In this early part of his career, van Gogh used a lot of dark colours such as browns and dark greens. His pictures were often sad. His most famous early painting was 18____________ The Potato Eaters. It was a dark picture of farmers’ family eating potatoes for dinner.

55. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

Stevie Wonder achieved early success as a hit-making musician. He is 13_____________for his unusual style.

1)  already

2)  enjoyed

3)  exciting

4)  famous

5)  held

6)  interested

7)  spent

8)  still

Stevie Wonder

Stevie Wonder achieved early success as a hit-making musician. He is 13_____________for his unusual style. When Wonder was four, he 14_____________singing in the church choir and banging out rhythms on his mom’s pots and pans. A family friend gave Wonder a harmonica, which he played day and night. Everybody knew that little Wonder was really 15_____________in music. Then a neighbour let him play their piano.The boy came to the neighbour every day and 16_____________ a lot of time playing the piano.

When he was 9, self-taught Wonder would make music shows for the neighbours. It was 17_____________ to see how he switched from instrument to instrument and played with great enthusiasm and style. At just 11, Wonder released his first album. He 18_____________ remains the youngest solo singer to get to the top of the pop charts.

3

Task 3. You are going to
give a talk about TV. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for
not more than 2 minutes (10––12 sentences). Remember to say:

• whether watching TV
  is a popular pastime with teenagers, and why, or why not;
• how many hours a week
  you watch TV;
• what TV programme is
  the most popular within your family;
• what your attitude to
  TV is.

You have
to talk continuously.

Well, I’d like to share my thoughts about watching television. Television is much spoken about nowadays.  I think watching television is still a popular pastime with teenagers because watching TV  is a break from studies , movies are good fun, they can help relax As for me, I watch television about seven hours a week. Television programmes I like best are:  sports programmes and educational programmes for example Умники и умницы My parents enjoy watching  а skating show and news programmes Well, I find watching television exciting I really like it          That’s all / I wanted to say about watching television/ 4 . You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10––12 sentences). Remember to say: why most people enjoy travelling; what people like doing while travelling; what place you would like to go to, and why; what your attitude to travelling is. Well, I’d like to share my thoughts about travelling.  I think people enjoy it because travelling is a break from daily routine and it can help relax.  Actually, people enjoy sightseeing, making friends while travelling. Most people like eating tasty food while travelling. It’s fun! As for my country, I would like to make journeys to Moscow and St. Petersburg because  I haven’t been  there Well, travelling is great fun. I like it. That’s all ( I wanted to say about travelling)  Task 3. You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10–12 sentences). Remember to say: why people like travelling in Russia; what means of transport is the most popular for travelling in Russia, and why; what places in Russia you would like to visit; what your attitude to travelling is.  Well, I’d like to share my thoughts about travelling  in Russia I think people enjoy travelling in Russia since Russia is a beautiful country.  In fact, there’s a lot to see  Actually, the best is bus travel which is comfortable and  relatively  inexpensive. As for my country, I would like to make journeys to Moscow and St. Petersburg   because I haven’t been there yet Well, travelling is great fun. I like it. That’s all ( I wanted to say about travelling)

5291EC

Well, I’d like to
share my thoughts about my school.

I think School is O’K. I learn different things and meet
my friends there.  That’s what I like most about my school.

I usually have about six or seven lessons a day. You see, I have chosen IT and English for exams because I am good at these subjects

In fact, I think the number of subjects I have to learn is not so big

That’s all / I wanted to say about my school

Английский язык (Вариант 1)

Для того, чтобы было легче готовится к экзаменам, предлагаем подборку задания 1 устной части ОГЭ английского языка, которые представлены в ФИПИ.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

1.Recycling is a technology that helps protect the environment and cut down on usage of raw materials. The steel, paper and glass industries recycle a lot. The largest recycler is the steel industry. It recovers more than 70 per cent of its original materials. For example, since 1988 they have produced the majority of new metal cans from old ones. Metal parts for cars and planes are other examples of recycling steel. Fragments of waste glass are widely used in construction. For producing writing paper and pens, used packing boxes are an ideal material. They are cheap and easy to recycle. Nowadays more and more recycling centres are appearing in our towns and cities.

2. Nowadays solar energy is widely used as an alternative form of power. Solar panels transform the energy from the sun into electricity. The first plane that does not need fuel was constructed in France in 2015. It uses only the sun’s energy. The panels are placed on the huge wings of the plane. It doesn’t fly very fast. Solar energy can make the plane move at only 140 miles an hour. However, the plane is able to travel round the world. It is safe and can successfully cross areas of bad weather. In the future, engineers hope to construct a model that people can fly in. Our dream of environmentally friendly transport may come true very soon. Would you like to take a flight on the solar plane?

3. We are always told that we should clean our teeth regularly to keep them healthy and to have fresh breath. It is believed that people started using a kind of paste to clean their teeth around 5000 years ago. However, the ingredients of these tooth powders were very different from ours. For example, the people of ancient Egypt used salt, mint, dried flowers and pepper to create tooth powder. Later, in the 18th century, in some countries in Europe, people brushed their teeth with burnt bread. The first toothpaste appeared in 1890, in Great Britain. At first it was sold in jars. Then special tubes were designed to make the toothpaste more comfortable to use.

4. Do you know why it is hot in the summer and cold in the winter? Most people believe that it is because the Earth is closer to the Sun in the summer and farther from it in the winter. But it is not like this at all! In fact, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is largest in July and smallest in January! Scientists suggest that the reason for different summer and winter temperatures is the angle of the Sun’s rays. In the summer, the rays reach the Earth almost at a right angle. Due to this, the rays are not spread out and a smaller area of the planet’s surface gets the energy. In the winter, the angle changes and the Sun’s rays are spread out over a larger area. Besides this, the long nights and short days do not give enough time for the land to warm up.

5. A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word ‘robot’ appeared in the 1920s and it was first used in a science fiction story. In real life, the robot was invented later, in 1954. There are different kinds of robots which are used in different industries. Most of them are operated with the help of a computer program. Instead of humans, robots do hard and boring work in unpleasant or dangerous environments. They usually work faster and more accurately than people. They never get tired and do not make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for domestic needs – to clean houses or to look after sick and elderly people. Scientists say that soon robots will become a normal part of our life, like mobiles and computers today.

6. Nowadays people can’t imagine their kitchen without a refrigerator. The first refrigerators appeared at the end of the 18th century. They looked different: they were just iceboxes. The refrigerators of the past were just wooden boxes, sometimes lined inside with metal. People put ice into the box and then placed the food inside to keep it cool. The refrigerator, similar to the one that we have now, was produced by General Electric in 1911, in France. It was very expensive. In those days, with the same money you could buy two cars. Today, in developed countries almost every family has enough money to buy a refrigerator for their kitchen. It’s hard to imagine how difficult and uncomfortable our lives would be without a refrigerator.

7. Without the energy from the Sun, the Earth would have no life at all. Nowadays everyone knows that the Sun is a star. Like all stars, the Sun is a great burning ball of gases. To us, it seems large and red. The other stars look white or light blue because they are much farther from us than the Sun. In the past, many people believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe. They thought that the Sun and the stars went round it. Only in 1543, a great Polish scientist published a book in which he tried to prove a different point of view. According to him, the Earth and the other planets moved round the Sun. Those people who supported the scientist were often imprisoned and even killed.

8. The carrot is a root vegetable which consists mostly of water and sugar. The carrots that we eat today originated from the wild ones which grew in Europe and Asia. The vegetable tasted sweet and the people began to use it as food. There are two main types of carrots. There are eastern carrots that have dark purple roots and western carrots with orange roots. In fact, orange carrots first appeared in Europe in 1721. Dutch farmers selected orange carrots because orange is the colour of the Dutch Royal Family. Now orange carrots are widely grown all over the world. In modern households carrots are cooked and eaten in different ways. The vegetable is boiled, fried, baked and eaten raw. People also make juice from it.

9. Since 2007 high-speed trains have become a common type of transport in Europe. They make it possible to cut travel times by hours. The trains travel at 350 kilometres an hour, and this is not the limit! The only problem for the engineers is the loud noise the trains produce. People living in the areas the trains travel through suffer from the noise greatly. For the passengers, the situation is different. For their comfort, all the carriages are made sound-proof from the inside. Travelling on high-speed trains is comfortable and pleasant. In the future, a high-speed railroad network could cover most of Europe. For example, a trip from Paris to Rome could take only 3 hours!

10. Venus is one of the hottest planets in the Solar system. The temperature on its surface is 482 degrees. This unfriendly place looks much the same as the Earth 4 billion years ago. Both planets were formed from the same gas cloud, but Venus lost most of its water and atmosphere. This happened because the planet turns very slowly. As a result, now it has no magnetic field to protect it from the Sun’s winds. The planet has turned into a lifeless desert. Most space modules that were sent to Venus, could not work on the planet more than two hours. The acidic clouds and high pressure quickly made them absolutely useless.

11. Studies of the atmosphere first received technical support in 1912. Equipment to measure temperature and pressure was invented in Germany. But the question was how to raise it high into the air. In 1921, Russian engineers suggested using planes. The special equipment was put on planes that made regular flights. Thanks to this, scientists got a lot of new information about the structure of the atmosphere. Nowadays scientists use modern flying laboratories to study the structure of clouds at different levels. Unlike the first planes, these laboratories can work in any weather and are able to predict climate changes.

12. Wombats are exotic animals that only live in Australia. They have become an unofficial symbol of the country. In 1974 a wombat appeared on an Australian stamp for the first time. Since then it has been regularly used on different Australian stamps and coins. Wombats look like little bears and prefer grass to meat. They also love eating berries, plant roots and mushrooms. Like camels, wombats drink little water because there is enough water in fresh grass. Wombats spend most of their life in holes under the ground. With their strong arms and long nails they are able to dig very long and complex tunnels.

13. Fortunately, wombats have few enemies in the animal world. Most wombats live around 15 years.
The word ‘tsunami’ can be translated from Japanese as ‘big wave’. It describes a natural process that can be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after earthquakes. Most waves are born in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where volcanoes are active. The mass of water rises from the bottom of the ocean and moves to the shore. It moves at a speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters high. The wave is very powerful and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. It hit 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Thousands of people were killed or went missing.

14. Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales. It is located in a national park. It stands at 1085 metres above sea level, and it is often described as the busiest mountain in Great Britain. Snowdon is very popular with tourists. If you are strong and brave enough to get to the top, you can enjoy wonderful views from there. On a clear day, you can see as far as Ireland! During the summer months there is a café at the top. There, tourists can get a welcome cup of tea, or soup if the weather is cold. If you feel too tired to walk back, you can always take the train down the mountain. The mountain railway was built in 1896. It is safe, and there have never been any accidents on this route.

15. Most people enjoy watching the night sky. And the brightest object in the sky is the Moon. Every night the Moon rises in the East and sets in the West. It takes about 27 days to go around the Earth, and it’s an interesting fact that we always see the same side of the Moon. The Moon is the closest object to the Earth. It would take us only 13 hours to get to the Moon by rocket. If we were able to travel at the speed of light, it would take a bit less than two seconds. There is a very thin atmosphere on the Moon. Life is not possible there. In spite of this, the Moon can be used as a base for space exploration and even for space tourism. Some space companies say that they will be able to take tourists to the Moon as soon as in 2020.

16. People have always wanted to discover new things and new worlds. We have built spaceships to go to other planets and are planning to visit other galaxies one day. Meanwhile, we know very little about our own planet. The oceans, which cover 70 percent of the planet, are an unknown world to us. The Pacific Ocean is the largest one. The lowest point on the Earth is also there. It is called Challenger Deep and it was discovered in 1875. The Pacific Ocean stretches from the Arctic Ocean to the coast of Antarctica, but most of its water is in the warm tropics, which makes it warm. A lot of fish and animals live in the Pacific Ocean. The place is still waiting for researchers to discover its secrets for us.

17. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean of the world. It covers the northern polar region of the Earth. The Arctic region is a very cold place. The lowest recorded temperature there is minus 68 degrees. In spite of the cold, a lot of animals live on the Arctic ice. The polar bear is one of them. Now, due to global warming, the polar bear is in a serious trouble. The thing is that polar bears hunt seals and they need ice to do this. The bears wait for seals on the ice, hunt them in the water and go back to the shore. If the ice is too thin, it breaks under the bears’ heavy bodies and they may drown. The situation is getting worse and some researchers say the ocean may become ice-free as soon as 2050.

18. In 1642 a French student invented the first mechanical calculator. He was only 18 and the counting machine was a present for his father. The father worked as a tax collector and the young man wanted to make his job easier. The talented inventor made several machines, but nobody was interested. The young man was ahead of his time. Many years passed before people realized how useful these machines could be and started mass producing them. Today most mechanical calculators have been replaced with electronic models. These small devices can perform a lot of mathematical operations. You just need to enter the numbers by pressing the keys and you’ll see the final result on the screen in no time.

19. One day a young man who lived near the lake in a small American town asked himself, “Why can’t people ski on water if they can ski on snow?” With his brother’s help he constructed several models of skis to test his ideas. He experimented on the local lake for a few days and created skis suitable for the water. This happened in 1922. The young man, who was only 18 at that time, didn’t patent his invention. However, he performed a lot of shows across the country that made him and the sport of water skiing popular. Later, he was recognized as the creator of a new sport –water skiing. Water skiing equipment has been greatly improved since that time, and the number of people who enjoy this sport is growing in many countries.

20. The ninth planet of the solar system was discovered not long ago. It happened in 1930. Scientists had been hunting for the planet for a long time. They had calculated its probable position, but there was no proof that the planet really existed. It was too far away for the telescopes of that time to find it. It’s worth mentioning that the first photos of the planet were taken by a very young researcher. He was only twenty-four and had no formal education in astronomy. However he was deeply involved in the search for the ninth planet. The planet at the edge of the solar system was called Pluto, after the Roman god. The name for the planet was suggested by an 11-year-old British girl.

21. The first vacuum cleaner was designed in 1869. Since then, vacuum cleaners have changed a lot. Nowadays the robot vacuum cleaner is getting more and more popular. This device cleans a house automatically. Following a programme, the robot drives slowly around the house and makes it cleaner. It operates with brushes and a tube. The robot is so flexible that it can get under a table or sofa or reach dust in corners. Some advanced models can also wash floors of all kinds. These functions are provided by a complicated electronic system and sensors inside. The vacuum cleaner looks like a plate and can be kept in the corner. It is friendly to children and animals and works on electricity.

22. It’s hard to find a more popular Russian symbol than the traditional Russian doll, or Matryoshka. It is wellknown all over the world. The first set of dolls appeared in Moscow in 1890. It consisted of eight dolls. All of them were children: seven girls, one boy, and a baby. In those times, Matryoshkas were not meant as toys for children as their price was very high. Mostly, adults bought them as presents or home decorations. There was a belief that if you put a note with a wish into Matryoshka, it would come true. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia started to export their national dolls abroad.

23. Global warming is a result of human activity. In 1985 there was a big conference in Austria where 89 climate researchers from different countries took part. After long discussions the scientists declared that the climate of the planet had changed. Indeed, it is warmer now than it was years ago. It can be clearly seen in the north. In the Arctic some places are ice-free now and polar bears have lost the place where they lived. The sea level has risen as well. The situation is getting more and more serious. Global warming is a great problem which needs to be solved in the near future.

24. English is the third most-spoken language in the world after Chinese and Spanish. Over 840 million people speak English as a first or second language. It is an official language of 67 countries. 80 percent of information stored on all computers in the world is in English. The vocabulary of the English language is the biggest in the world. A new word is added into English almost every two hours. The English language is said to be one of the happiest languages in the world. The word happy is used more often than the word sad! That’s a good reason to learn this language, isn’t it?

25. The human brain is the most complex and remarkable organ of the body. It controls everything we do– thinking, learning, and even heart rate. Though the brain makes up only 2 percent of the body’s weight, it uses around 20 percent of its energy. It works 24 hours a day. Even when a person is sleeping, the brain is working hard to keep other organs functioning. Most people think that our brain is more active during the daytime because it needs to deal with a great amount of information. In fact, that’s not true. The brain is far more active when a person is sleeping! However, scientists don’t yet have any explanation for this fact.

26. We don’t realize how lucky we are to have clean water whenever we want. A lot of people around the world do not have such an opportunity. Did you know that more than 750 million people on the Earth do not have clean water to drink? Meanwhile, a lot of water is wasted and polluted. In 1993 the United Nations decided to celebrate the World Day for Water. Nowadays a lot of special events are organized in different countries. Their aim is to make people understand how important clean water is for their health, environment and agriculture. Water is essential for our life. We should think about saving it, as the fresh water supplies are limited. We need to keep it clean for ourselves and for future generations.

27. Earth Hour is an event that encourages people around the world to switch off electricity at the same time for one hour. Of course, switching off the lights for an hour makes a small difference to the amount of energy we use. But the aim of the event is not to save energy but to get people to think about the planet they live on. Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007. More and more countries join the ecological movement every year. Now, millions of people from 178 countries switch off their lights for 60 minutes at the end of March. People in Russia participate in this event too – large office buildings and small private houses go dark for Earth Hour.

28. Our planet is the only planet in the Solar System where rainbows are possible. They are not visible in big cities, due to pollution and smog. But if you are travelling after rain has fallen in the countryside or walking on the beach, you have a good chance to see a rainbow. The rainbow is a multi-coloured arc which appears in the sky. When you see a rainbow, the sun is always behind you and it is raining in front of you. It is impossible to get to the end of the rainbow and to touch it. When you move, the rainbow moves too. We have always learned that rainbows have 7 colours. However, until the 17th century, people used to think there were only 5 colours in the rainbow.

29. Though most people believe that the tomato is a vegetable, this plant is actually a fruit. Tomato is a fruit because it has seeds inside like apples, oranges, lemons, and all other types of fruit. The tomato comes from Central and South America. When tomatoes were brought to England in the 17th century, people thought that they were poisonous and refused to eat them. Only in 1820, Robert Johnson proved that tomatoes were absolutely safe and would not affect people’s health. He ate a basket of tomatoes in public. Nowadays, the tomato is widely used in all types of food. There are many different kinds of tomatoes – over 7,500! They differ in size, shape, colour and taste.

30. The Channel Tunnel is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel which links Great Britain and France. It is considered to be one of the most amazing engineering constructions in Europe. The second longest undersea tunnel in the world was opened in 1994. It is said that 13,000 workers and engineers participated in the construction project. The Channel Tunnel contains three tunnels. The south tunnel is for people who are travelling from France to the UK, the north tunnel takes passengers from the UK to France. Nowadays it takes 35 minutes to go from Paris to London in the Channel Tunnel. The third tunnel is a service tunnel. It is not used by passengers.

31. The construction of the longest and the deepest railroad tunnel was finished in Europe. The tunnel runs through the Alps and links the north and south of Europe. The length of the tunnel is 57 kilometres. It runs straight from beginning to end. It will allow passenger trains to travel more quickly through the mountains. Modern technologies ensure safety and security when the trains go through the tunnel. The great project started in 2009 and it took 17 years to complete. It is considered to be one of the most amazing engineering constructions in Europe.

32. Bicycles or bikes are an important means of transportation in many parts of the world. The first bicycles turned up in Europe in the first half of the19th century but the word ‘bicycle’ only appeared later, in 1868. There are more bicycles in the world than cars. About 100 million bicycles are produced worldwide each year. A lot of people have realized that cycling is an easy way to get around and a great way to cut down on pollution. More and more cities have special places where people can borrow a bike and ride around the city. Over the past few years, a bicycle infrastructure has been created in Moscow. Cycling in the centre of Moscow in summer is one of the most pleasant and quickest ways of seeing the city.

33. Great Britain is home to the world’s oldest school. The King’s School was established in 1567 and it is still open. It has a long history. Many famous people have been educated at this old school. Nowadays The King’s School is an independent secondary school for boys and girls from 13 to 18. More than 800 pupils study at the school. Though The King’s School is located in old buildings, it has up-to-date technical equipment and provides a full modern education. The King’s School is also famous for its festival of music, drama and arts. It is held during the last week of the summer term and attracts a lot of people from different parts of the country.

34. Human activity creates waste. The problem isn’t new and space is no exception to the rule. Dead satellites, rocket stages and other things are littering our planet’s orbit. They are getting dangerously close to space stations and there is a great possibility of an accident. Space stations could be completely destroyed by the rubbish. In 1983, a tiny piece of paint from a satellite made a big hole in the side window of a spaceship. There is a great need to “clean up” space and to take away 3,000 tons of space rubbish. To solve the problem, scientists and engineers are designing special spaceships that will collect and recycle space rubbish.

35. The mobile phone has become an important part of our everyday life. We can’t imagine our lives without it now. Thanks to the mobile phone we can keep in contact with our relatives and friends at any time. We use them to text and to send emails, to share photos and videos. We can use the Internet and listen to music and do lots of other things. However, according to surveys, mobile phone users mostly spend their time on games and social networking. Around 80 percent of the world’s population has a mobile phone. The mobile phone industry is the fastest growing industry in the world. From 1983 to 2016, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to over 7 billion.

36. Netball is played by over 20 million people in more than 70 countries of the world. It was invented in 1892 as women’s basketball. However, netball is different from basketball in many ways. For example, the ball and the basket are smaller and the court is bigger. The players cannot run with the ball. They are not allowed to touch the players who they are playing with. Netball has seven players in each team (not five as in basketball). During the 20th century, the game became very popular in English-speaking countries. Traditionally, only girls and women have played netball. Nowadays, netball is the number one women’s sport in the world but boys and men are starting to play it too.

37. Table tennis is the third most played sport in the world after football and cricket. It is considered to be an indoor version of Lawn Tennis. However, they have a lot of differences. Table tennis has a different scoring system, a smaller ball, smaller rackets, and a smaller playing area. Modern table tennis was invented at the end of the 19th century in England. Very soon the new sport became popular all over the world. In 1901, competitions with over 300 participants were already being held. According to numerous studies, table tennis has great effects on human health. It keeps the brain sharp and improves the player’s coordination. Since 1988, table tennis has been an Olympic sport.

38. A zoo, also known as a zoological park or a zoological garden, gives people the opportunity to watch animals from different continents. There are hundreds of zoos all over the world. However, most of them are located in major cities. The first zoo in Russia was opened in 1864, in Moscow. It was a small zoological garden. On the opening day, only 287 animals were on display. Nowadays, the Moscow Zoo is one of the largest in Europe. The unique collection of the Zoo includes over 8000 kinds of animals and birds. Scientists study the animals’ behavior and reproduction. They also breed rare animals there to stop them dying out.

39. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. It is also the second oldest university in the world. The University of Oxford is believed to have started in 1133. It is located in Oxford City on the Thames River, not far from London. Oxford University is one of the world’s most impressive centres of education. There are students from different countries there. In fact, there is no building in Oxford called Oxford University. The University includes 38 colleges and related buildings. Over 22,000 students study English language and literature, geography, history, law, modern languages and other subjects there.

40. The rainforest can be described as a thick and very tall jungle. The term rain comes from the great quantity of water that these forests get throughout the year. The rainforests are the world’s greatest natural resources. They are called the lungs of our planet. Half of all the kinds of plants and animals that exist on the planet live in the rainforests. Unfortunately, the area with rainforests is being reduced due to global warming. 100 years ago, the rainforests covered 14 per cent of the earth’s surface. Now, it is only 6 per cent. Scientists say that if the process continues at this rate, the rainforests will have disappeared in 40 years.

41. The Caspian Sea is one of the world’s natural wonders. It shares the characteristics of both a sea and a lake. In the past it was called a sea because of its great size and salty water. However, the Caspian Sea is listed as the largest lake in the world. There are about 130 rivers which bring their water to the Caspian Sea. But it is not a freshwater lake – its water is very salty. The Caspian Sea is famous for its wildlife. More than 850 kinds of animals and 500 different plants can be found in this unique sea. The Caspian Sea region is also one of the oldest oil-producing areas in the world. It is also rich in other natural resources.

The telescope

The telescope is the oldest and probably the most effective tool to 13 ______ space. It has been used by astronomers since the 16th century and it has tremendously changed our knowledge of the universe. Certainly, the telescope itself has changed a 14 ______ since that time too.

The most famous telescope nowadays, the Hubble Telescope, works in space, in 15 ______ Earth orbit. It works from above the atmosphere of the Earth and that is why it 16 ______ fantastically clear photos. The Hubble was 17 ______ into space on 24th April, 1990 from the Space Shuttle Discovery and is still in operation. Scientists say its information could help them to 18 ______ the mystery of the black holes and to understand how they form.

1) serious            2) explore       3) fast     4) produces       5) solve        6) low    7) launched           lot

Water skiing

One day a young man who lived 13 ______ the lake in a small American town asked himself, “Why can’t people ski on water if they can ski on snow?” With his brother’s help he constructed several models of skis to test his ideas. He 14 ______ on the local lake for a few days and created skis 15 ______ for the water. This happened in 1922. The young man, who was only 18 at that time, didn’t 16 ______ his invention. However, he performed a lot of shows 17 ______ the country that made him and the sport of water skiing popular. Later, he was 18 ______ as the creator of a new sport – water skiing.

Water skiing equipment has been greatly improved since that time, and the number of people who enjoy this sport is growing in many countries.

1) hot       2) across       3) near   4) constructed      5) recognized    6) different     7) patent     suitable

The Arctic region

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean of the world. It covers the 13 ______ polar region of the Earth. The Arctic region is a very cold place. The lowest 14 ______ temperature there is minus 68 degrees. In spite of the cold, a lot of animals live on the Arctic ice. The polar bear is one of them. Now, due to global warming, the polar bear is in a 15 ______ trouble. The thing is that polar bears 16 ______ seals and they need ice to do this. The bears wait for seals on the ice, hunt them in the water and go back to the shore. If the ice is too thin, it 17 ______ under the bears’ heavy bodies and they may drown. The situation is getting 18 ______ and some researchers say the ocean may become ice-free as soon as 2050.

1) serious     2) northern    3) appeared    4) worse   5) recorded   6) tried    7) breaks       hunt

Tsunami

The word ‘tsunami’ can be 13 ______ from Japanese as ‘big wave’. It describes a 14 ______ process that can be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after earthquakes. Most waves are 15 ______ in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where volcanoes are active. The mass of water 16 ______ from the bottom of the ocean and moves to the shore. It moves at the speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters high. The wave is very 17 ______ and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. It 18 ______ 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Thousands of people were killed or went missing.

1) natural          2) rises    3) translated            4) hit       5) loud         6) spend      7) powerful         born

Wombats

Wombats are exotic animals that only live in Australia. They have become an 13 ______ symbol of the country. In 1974 a wombat appeared on an Australian stamp for the 14 ______ time. Since then it has been regularly used on different Australian stamps and coins. Wombats 15 ______ like little bears and prefer grass to meat. They also love eating berries, plant roots and mushrooms. Like camels, wombats drink little water because there is enough water in 16 ______ grass. Wombats 17 ______ most of their life in holes under the ground. With their strong arms and long nails they are able to dig very long and complex tunnels. Fortunately, wombats 18 ______ few enemies in the animal world. Most wombats live around 15 years.

1) rises         2) first           3) have   4) fresh           5) make        6) unofficial      7) spend         look

Venus

Venus is one of the 13 ______ planets in the Solar system. The temperature on its surface is 482 degrees. This 14 ______ place looks much the same as the Earth 4 billion years ago. Both planets were 15 ______ from the same gas cloud but Venus lost most of its water and atmosphere. This happened because the planet 16 ______ very slowly. As a result, now it has no magnetic field to 17 ______ it from the Sun’s winds. The planet has turned into a lifeless desert. Most space modules that were sent to Venus, could not work on the planet more than two hours. The acidic clouds and high pressure quickly 18 ______ them absolutely useless.

1) formed   2) selected    3) hottest    4) made    5) protect    6) unfriendly   7) turns       technical

Studies of the atmosphere

Studies of the atmosphere first received 13 ______ support in 1912. Equipment to 14 ______ temperature and pressure was invented in Germany. But the question was how to 15 ______ it high into the air. In 1921, Russian engineers suggested using planes. The special equipment was put on planes that made 16 ______ flights. Thanks to this, scientists got a lot of new information about the structure of the atmosphere. Nowadays scientists use modern flying laboratories to 17 ______ the structure of clouds at different levels. Unlike the first planes, these laboratories can work in any weather and are able to 18 ______ climate changes.

1) study         2) loud        3) protect    4) regular       5) measure      6) raise    7) predict           technical

A robot

A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word ‘robot’ 13 ______ in the 1920s and it was first used in a science fiction story. In real life, the robot was invented later, in 1954. There are different kinds of robots which are used in 14 ______ industries. Most of them are operated with the help of a 15 ______ program. Instead of humans, robots do hard and boring work in unpleasant or dangerous environments. They usually work faster and more 16 ______ than people. They never get 17 ______ and do not make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for domestic needs – to clean houses or to look after sick and elderly people. Scientists say that soon robots will 18 ______ a normal part of our life, like mobiles and computers today.

1) visit        2) different      3) appeared  4) tired      5) become      6) computer   7) accurately         called

High-speed trains

Since 2007 high-speed trains have become a 13 ______ type of transport in Europe. They 14 ______ it possible to cut travel times by hours. The trains travel at 350 kilometres an hour, and this is not the limit! The only problem for the engineers is the 15 ______ noise the trains produce. People living in the areas the trains travel through suffer from the noise 16 ______ . For the passengers, the situation is different. For their comfort, all the carriages are 17 ______ sound-proof from the inside. Travelling on high-speed trains is comfortable and pleasant. In the future, a high-speed railroad network could 18 ______ most of Europe. For example, a trip from Paris to Rome could take only 3 hours!

1) made  2) common    3) loud    4) cover    5) greatly    6) make     7) thin       unofficial

Alternative power

Nowadays solar energy is widely 13 ______ as an alternative form of power. Solar panels transform the energy from the sun into 14 ______. The first plane that does not need fuel was constructed in France, in 2015. It uses only the sun’s energy. The panels are placed on the huge wings of the plane. It doesn’t fly very 15 ______. Solar energy can make the plane move at only 140 miles an hour. However, the plane is able to travel round the world. It is safe and can successfully 16______ areas of bad weather. In the future, engineers hope to construct a model that people can 17 ______ in. Our dream of environmentally friendly transport may 18 ______ true very soon. Would you like to take a flight on the solar plane?

1) fly    2) electricity   3) near    4) used    5) cross    6) fast    7) come     explore

Refrigerator

Nowadays people can’t 13 ______ their kitchen without a refrigerator. The first refrigerators appeared at the end of the 18th century. They looked different: they were just iceboxes. The refrigerators of the past were just 14 ______ boxes, sometimes lined inside with metal. People put ice into the box and then placed the food inside to 15 ______ it cool. The refrigerator, 16 ______ to the one that we have now, was produced by General Electric in 1911, in France. It was very 17 ______. In those days, with the same money you could 18 ______ two cars. Today, in developed countries almost every family has enough money to buy a refrigerator for their kitchen. It’s hard to imagine how difficult and uncomfortable our lives would be without a refrigerator.

1) expensive   2) wooden   3) see   4) expensive   5) imagine   6) keep  7) buy   similar

The carrot

The carrot is a 13 ______ vegetable which consists mostly of water and sugar. The carrots that we eat today originated from the wild ones which grew in Europe and Asia. The vegetable 14 ______ sweet and the people began to use it as food.

There are two main types of carrots. There are 15 ______ carrots that have dark purple roots and western carrots with orange roots. In fact, orange carrots first appeared in Europe in 1721. Dutch farmers 16 ______ orange carrots because orange is the colour of the Dutch Royal Family. Now orange carrots are 17 ______ grown all over the world. In modern households carrots are cooked and eaten in different ways. The vegetable is 18 ______ , fried, baked and eaten raw. People also make juice from it.

1) selected     2) root    3) tasted    4) boiled    5) eastern     6) natural    7) widely       brightest

Snowdon

Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales. It is 13 ______ in a national park. It stands at 1085 metres 14 ______ sea level, and it is often described as the busiest mountain in Great Britain. Snowdon is very popular with tourists. If you are strong and brave 15 ______ to get to the top, you can enjoy wonderful views from there. On a clear day, you can see as far as Ireland! During the summer months there is a café at the top. There, tourists can 16 ______ a welcome cup of tea, or soup if the weather is cold. If you 17 ______ too tired to walk back, you can always take the train down the mountain. The mountain railway was 18 ______ in 1896. It is safe, and there have never been any accidents on this route.

1) selected   2) above   3) feel   4) built    5) get    6) formed   7) enough     located

The oceans

People have always wanted to discover new things and new worlds. We have built spaceships to go to other planets and are planning to 13 ______ other galaxies one day. Meanwhile, we know very 14 ______ about our own planet. The oceans, which cover 70 percent of the planet, are an unknown world to us. The Pacific Ocean is the largest one. The 15 ______ point on the Earth is also there. It is 16 ______ Challenger Deep and it was discovered in 1875. The Pacific Ocean 17 ______ from the Arctic Ocean to the coast of Antarctica. But most of its water is in the warm tropics, which 18 ______ it warm. A lot of fish and animals live in the Pacific Ocean. The place is still waiting for researchers to discover its secrets for us.

1) expensive    2) little    3) makes   4) called    5) stretches    6) tasted   7) lowest     visit

The first calculator

In 1642 a French student invented the first 13 ______ calculator. He was only 18 and the counting machine was a present for his father. The father worked as a tax collector and the young man wanted to make his job 14 ______.

The talented inventor made several machines but nobody 15 ______ interested. The young man was ahead of his time. Many years passed before people 16 ______ how useful these machines could be and started mass producing them.

Today most mechanical calculators have been 17 ______ with electronic models. These small devices can 18 ______ a lot of mathematical operations. You just need to enter the numbers by pressing the keys and you’ll see the final result on the screen in no time.

1) realized    2) easier    3) perform    4) wooden    5) was    6) replaced    7) farther     mechanical

The Moon

Most people enjoy watching the night sky. And the 13 ______ object in the sky is the Moon. Every night the Moon rises in the East and sets in the West. It takes about 27 days to go around the Earth, and it’s an interesting fact that we always 14 ______ the same side of the Moon. The Moon is the 15 ______ object to the Earth. It would take us only 13 hours to get to the Moon by rocket. If we were able to 16 ______ at the speed of light, it would take a bit less than two seconds.

There is a very 17 ______ atmosphere on the Moon. Life is not possible there. In spite of this, the Moon can be used as a base for space exploration and even for space tourism. Some space companies say that they will be able to 18 ______ tourists to the Moon as soon as in 2020.

1) thin   2) brightest    3) travel    4) see    5) round     6) take    7) closest     cover

Venus

Venus is one of the 13 ______ planets in the Solar system. The temperature on its surface is 482 degrees. This 14 ______ place looks much the same as the Earth 4 billion years ago. Both planets were 15 ______ from the same gas cloud but Venus lost most of its water and atmosphere. This happened because the planet 16 ______ very slowly. As a result, now it has no magnetic field to 17 ______ it from the Sun’s winds. The planet has turned into a lifeless desert. Most space modules that were sent to Venus, could not work on the planet more than two hours. The acidic clouds and high pressure quickly 18 ______ them absolutely useless.

1) formed

2) selected

3) hottest

4) made

5) protect

6) unfriendly

7) turns

technical

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 13–18 словами, напечатанными в правой колонке под цифрами 1–8. Каждое из этих слов может быть использовано только один раз. В ответе укажите цифры, под которыми значатся выбранные Вами слова. Два слова в этом списке 1–8 лишние.

№1

Gorky Park

Gorky Park is a bright spot on the entertainment map of modern Moscow. It is one of the most interesting places to 13 ______ your leisure time. There are bike rental stations, a 14 ______ business area with Wi-Fi, an outdoor movie theatre in Gorky Park.

There are also several different sports options in the indoor sports centre or on the park’s grounds: you can 15 ______ volleyball, handball, football and hockey or go jogging, or cycling around the park. If you find that you are hungry, you can stop and 16 ______ a tasty break at one of Gorky Park’s many cafés. Many 17 ______ events such as exhibitions, Christmas and Easter fairs, concerts, theatre shows and environmental and charity events take place in Gorky Park. These events have become very 18 ______ among Moscow citizens.

1) comfortable

2) cultural

3) enjoy

4) play

5) popular

6) see

7) spend

take

№2

Pluto

The ninth planet of the solar system was 13 ______ not long ago. It happened in 1930. Scientists had been hunting for the planet for a 14 ______time. They had calculated its probable position but there was no proof that the planet really 15 ______. It was too 16 ______ away for the telescopes of that time to find it. It’s worth mentioning that the first photos of the planet were taken by a very young researcher. He was only twenty-four and had no formal education in astronomy. However, he was deeply involved in the search for the ninth planet. The planet at the edge of the 17 ______ system was called Pluto, after the Roman god. The name for the planet was 18 ______ by an 11-year-old British girl.

1) discovered

2) long

3) launched

4) solved

5) solar

6) existed

7) suggested

far

№3

Alternative power

Nowadays solar energy is widely 13 ______ as an alternative form of power. Solar panels transform the energy from the sun into 14 ______. The first plane that does not need fuel was constructed in France, in 2015. It uses only the sun’s energy. The panels are placed on the huge wings of the plane. It doesn’t fly very 15 ______. Solar energy can make the plane move at only 140 miles an hour. However, the plane is able to travel round the world. It is safe and can successfully 16______ areas of bad weather. In the future, engineers hope to construct a model that people can 17 ______ in. Our dream of environmentally friendly transport may 18 ______ true very soon. Would you like to take a flight on the solar plane?

1) fly

2) electricity

3) near

4) used

5) cross

6) fast

7) come

explore

№4

Paste

We are always told that we should 13 ______ our teeth regularly to keep them healthy and to have fresh breath. It is believed that people 14 ______ using a kind of paste to clean their teeth around 5000 years ago. However, the ingredients of these tooth powders were very 15 ______ from ours. For example, the people of 16 ______ Egypt used salt, mint, dried flowers and pepper to create tooth powder. Later, in the 18th century, in some countries in Europe, people brushed their teeth with burnt bread. The first toothpaste 17 ______ in 1890, in Great Britain. At first it was sold in jars. Then special tubes were 18 ______ to make the toothpaste more comfortable to use.

1) suitable

2) clean

3) appeared

4) ancient

5) replaced

6) different

7) designed

started

№5

Temperature

Do you know why it is 13 ______ in the summer and cold in the winter? Most people believe that it is because the Earth is closer to the Sun in the summer and 14 ______ from it in the winter. But it is not like this at all! In fact, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is largest in July and smallest in January! Scientists 15 ______ that the reason for different summer and winter temperatures is the angle of the Sun’s rays. In the summer, the rays 16 ______ the Earth almost at a right angle. Due to this, the rays are not spread out and a smaller area of the planet’s surface gets the energy. In the winter, the angle 17 ______ and the Sun’s rays are spread out over a larger area. Besides this, the long nights and short days do not give 18 ______ time for the land to warm up.

1) changes

2) reach

3) enough

4) replaced

5) serious

6) farther

7) hot

suggest

№6

A robot

A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word ‘robot’ 13 ______ in the 1920s and it was first used in a science fiction story. In real life, the robot was invented later, in 1954. There are different kinds of robots which are used in 14 ______ industries. Most of them are operated with the help of a 15 ______ program. Instead of humans, robots do hard and boring work in unpleasant or dangerous environments. They usually work faster and more 16 ______ than people. They never get 17 ______ and do not make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for domestic needs – to clean houses or to look after sick and elderly people. Scientists say that soon robots will 18 ______ a normal part of our life, like mobiles and computers today.

1) visit

2) different

3) appeared

4) tired

5) become

6) computer

7) accurately

called

№7

Refrigerator

Nowadays people can’t 13 ______ their kitchen without a refrigerator. The first refrigerators appeared at the end of the 18th century. They looked different: they were just iceboxes. The refrigerators of the past were just 14 ______ boxes, sometimes lined inside with metal. People put ice into the box and then placed the food inside to 15 ______ it cool. The refrigerator, 16 ______ to the one that we have now, was produced by General Electric in 1911, in France. It was very 17 ______. In those days, with the same money you could 18 ______ two cars. Today, in developed countries almost every family has enough money to buy a refrigerator for their kitchen. It’s hard to imagine how difficult and uncomfortable our lives would be without a refrigerator.

1) expensive

2) wooden

3) see

4) expensive

5) imagine

6) keep

7) buy

similar

№8

The Sun

Without the energy from the Sun, the Earth would have no life at all. Nowadays everyone 13 ______ that the Sun is a star. Like all stars, the Sun is a great burning ball of gases. To us, it 14 ______ large and red. The other stars look white or light blue because they are much 15 ______ from us than the Sun. In the past, many people 16 ______ that the Earth was the centre of the universe. They thought that the Sun and the stars went 17 ______ it. Only in 1543, a great Polish scientist published a book in which he 18 ______ to prove a different point of view. According to him, the Earth and the other planets moved round the Sun. Those people who supported the scientist were often imprisoned and even killed.

1) seems

2) tried

3) believed

4) round

5) enough

6) knows

7) farther

№9

The carrot

The carrot is a 13 ______ vegetable which consists mostly of water and sugar. The carrots that we eat today originated from the wild ones which grew in Europe and Asia. The vegetable 14 ______ sweet and the people began to use it as food.

There are two main types of carrots. There are 15 ______ carrots that have dark purple roots and western carrots with orange roots. In fact, orange carrots first appeared in Europe in 1721. Dutch farmers 16 ______ orange carrots because orange is the colour of the Dutch Royal Family. Now orange carrots are 17 ______ grown all over the world. In modern households carrots are cooked and eaten in different ways. The vegetable is 18 ______ , fried, baked and eaten raw. People also make juice from it.

1) selected

2) root

3) tasted

4) boiled

5) eastern

6) natural

7) widely

brightest

№10

High-speed trains

Since 2007 high-speed trains have become a 13 ______ type of transport in Europe. They 14 ______ it possible to cut travel times by hours. The trains travel at 350 kilometres an hour, and this is not the limit! The only problem for the engineers is the 15 ______ noise the trains produce. People living in the areas the trains travel through suffer from the noise 16 ______ . For the passengers, the situation is different. For their comfort, all the carriages are 17 ______ sound-proof from the inside. Travelling on high-speed trains is comfortable and pleasant. In the future, a high-speed railroad network could 18 ______ most of Europe. For example, a trip from Paris to Rome could take only 3 hours!

1) made

2) common

3) loud

4) cover

5) greatly

6) make

7) thin

unofficial

№11

Venus

Venus is one of the 13 ______ planets in the Solar system. The temperature on its surface is 482 degrees. This 14 ______ place looks much the same as the Earth 4 billion years ago. Both planets were 15 ______ from the same gas cloud but Venus lost most of its water and atmosphere. This happened because the planet 16 ______ very slowly. As a result, now it has no magnetic field to 17 ______ it from the Sun’s winds. The planet has turned into a lifeless desert. Most space modules that were sent to Venus, could not work on the planet more than two hours. The acidic clouds and high pressure quickly 18 ______ them absolutely useless.

1) formed

2) selected

3) hottest

4) made

5) protect

6) unfriendly

7) turns

technical

№12

Studies of the atmosphere

Studies of the atmosphere first received 13 ______ support in 1912. Equipment to 14 ______ temperature and pressure was invented in Germany. But the question was how to 15 ______ it high into the air. In 1921, Russian engineers suggested using planes. The special equipment was put on planes that made 16 ______ flights. Thanks to this, scientists got a lot of new information about the structure of the atmosphere. Nowadays scientists use modern flying laboratories to 17 ______ the structure of clouds at different levels. Unlike the first planes, these laboratories can work in any weather and are able to 18 ______ climate changes.

1) study

2) loud

3) protect

4) regular

5) measure

6) raise

7) predict

technical

№13

Wombats

Wombats are exotic animals that only live in Australia. They have become an 13 ______ symbol of the country. In 1974 a wombat appeared on an Australian stamp for the 14 ______ time. Since then it has been regularly used on different Australian stamps and coins. Wombats 15 ______ like little bears and prefer grass to meat. They also love eating berries, plant roots and mushrooms. Like camels, wombats drink little water because there is enough water in 16 ______ grass. Wombats 17 ______ most of their life in holes under the ground. With their strong arms and long nails they are able to dig very long and complex tunnels. Fortunately, wombats 18 ______ few enemies in the animal world. Most wombats live around 15 years.

1) rises

2) first

3) have

4) fresh

5) make

6) unofficial

7) spend

look

№14

Tsunami

The word ‘tsunami’ can be 13 ______ from Japanese as ‘big wave’. It describes a 14 ______ process that can be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after earthquakes. Most waves are 15 ______ in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where volcanoes are active. The mass of water 16 ______ from the bottom of the ocean and moves to the shore. It moves at the speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters high. The wave is very 17 ______ and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. It 18 ______ 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Thousands of people were killed or went missing.

1) natural

2) rises

3) translated

4) hit

5) loud

6) spend

7) powerful

born

№15

Snowdon

Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales. It is 13 ______ in a national park. It stands at 1085 metres 14 ______ sea level, and it is often described as the busiest mountain in Great Britain. Snowdon is very popular with tourists. If you are strong and brave 15 ______ to get to the top, you can enjoy wonderful views from there. On a clear day, you can see as far as Ireland! During the summer months there is a café at the top. There, tourists can 16 ______ a welcome cup of tea, or soup if the weather is cold. If you 17 ______ too tired to walk back, you can always take the train down the mountain. The mountain railway was 18 ______ in 1896. It is safe, and there have never been any accidents on this route.

1) selected

2) above

3) feel

4) built

5) get

6) formed

7) enough

located

№16

The Moon

Most people enjoy watching the night sky. And the 13 ______ object in the sky is the Moon. Every night the Moon rises in the East and sets in the West. It takes about 27 days to go around the Earth, and it’s an interesting fact that we always 14 ______ the same side of the Moon. The Moon is the 15 ______ object to the Earth. It would take us only 13 hours to get to the Moon by rocket. If we were able to 16 ______ at the speed of light, it would take a bit less than two seconds.

There is a very 17 ______ atmosphere on the Moon. Life is not possible there. In spite of this, the Moon can be used as a base for space exploration and even for space tourism. Some space companies say that they will be able to 18 ______ tourists to the Moon as soon as in 2020.

1) thin

2) brightest

3) travel

4) see

5) round

6) take

7) closest

cover

№17

The oceans

People have always wanted to discover new things and new worlds. We have built spaceships to go to other planets and are planning to 13 ______ other galaxies one day. Meanwhile, we know very 14 ______ about our own planet. The oceans, which cover 70 percent of the planet, are an unknown world to us. The Pacific Ocean is the largest one. The 15 ______ point on the Earth is also there. It is 16 ______ Challenger Deep and it was discovered in 1875. The Pacific Ocean 17 ______ from the Arctic Ocean to the coast of Antarctica. But most of its water is in the warm tropics, which 18 ______ it warm. A lot of fish and animals live in the Pacific Ocean. The place is still waiting for researchers to discover its secrets for us.

1) expensive

2) little

3) makes

4) called

5) stretches

6) tasted

7) lowest

visit

№18

The Arctic region

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean of the world. It covers the 13 ______ polar region of the Earth. The Arctic region is a very cold place. The lowest 14 ______ temperature there is minus 68 degrees. In spite of the cold, a lot of animals live on the Arctic ice. The polar bear is one of them. Now, due to global warming, the polar bear is in a 15 ______ trouble. The thing is that polar bears 16 ______ seals and they need ice to do this. The bears wait for seals on the ice, hunt them in the water and go back to the shore. If the ice is too thin, it 17 ______ under the bears’ heavy bodies and they may drown. The situation is getting 18 ______ and some researchers say the ocean may become ice-free as soon as 2050.

1) serious

2) northern

3) appeared

4) worse

5) recorded

6) tried

7) breaks

hunt

№19

The first calculator

In 1642 a French student invented the first 13 ______ calculator. He was only 18 and the counting machine was a present for his father. The father worked as a tax collector and the young man wanted to make his job 14 ______.

The talented inventor made several machines but nobody 15 ______ interested. The young man was ahead of his time. Many years passed before people 16 ______ how useful these machines could be and started mass producing them.

Today most mechanical calculators have been 17 ______ with electronic models. These small devices can 18 ______ a lot of mathematical operations. You just need to enter the numbers by pressing the keys and you’ll see the final result on the screen in no time.

1) realized

2) easier

3) perform

4) wooden

5) was

6) replaced

7) farther

mechanical

№20

Water skiing

One day a young man who lived 13 ______ the lake in a small American town asked himself, “Why can’t people ski on water if they can ski on snow?” With his brother’s help he constructed several models of skis to test his ideas. He 14 ______ on the local lake for a few days and created skis 15 ______ for the water. This happened in 1922. The young man, who was only 18 at that time, didn’t 16 ______ his invention. However, he performed a lot of shows 17 ______ the country that made him and the sport of water skiing popular. Later, he was 18 ______ as the creator of a new sport – water skiing.

Water skiing equipment has been greatly improved since that time, and the number of people who enjoy this sport is growing in many countries.

1) hot

2) across

3) near

4) constructed

5) recognized

6) different

7) patent

suitable

№21

The telescope

The telescope is the oldest and probably the most effective tool to 13 ______ space. It has been used by astronomers since the 16th century and it has tremendously changed our knowledge of the universe. Certainly, the telescope itself has changed a 14 ______ since that time too.

The most famous telescope nowadays, the Hubble Telescope, works in space, in 15 ______ Earth orbit. It works from above the atmosphere of the Earth and that is why it 16 ______ fantastically clear photos. The Hubble was 17 ______ into space on 24th April, 1990 from the Space Shuttle Discovery and is still in operation. Scientists say its information could help them to 18 ______ the mystery of the black holes and to understand how they form.

1) serious

2) explore

3) fast

4) produces

5) solve

6) low

7) launched

lot

№22

The Bolshoi Theatre

The Bolshoi Theatre is one of the most iconic symbols of Russian culture. It is one of the greatest and most 13 ______ opera and ballet theatres with its own 14 ______ and unforgettable atmosphere. It is one of the 15 ______ treasures of Russia. The main building of the theater, rebuilt and renovated several times during its 16 ______, is a landmark of Moscow and Russia.

By the end of the 19th century the Bolshoi’s opera and ballet productions were influencing the performing arts in Europe. Today the Bolshoi artists successfully perform all over the 17 ______. They establish partnerships with the largest theatres in Italy, France, England and many other 18 ______. Each season the theater introduces from two to four new ballet or opera productions.

1) countries

2) cultural

3) famous

4) history

5) natural

6) traditions

7) world

peace

№23

Moscow State University

Moscow State University is the oldest university in Russia. It was founded in 1755, and it is one of the country’s most prestigious and best universities. It is the 13 ______ university in Russia with 40 faculties and many research centres. It’s a symbol of Russian 14 ______.

The new building, which is located on Vorobyovy Gory near the Moskva River was completed in 1949–1953. The university’s 15 ______ section is 36 floors and 194 metres tall. There are approximately 9 million books in the university library. It also has its own publishing 16 ______. Education at MSU is 17 ______ for many students. The only condition for this is passing entrance exams in addition to getting good results in the Uniform State Exam. The university is 18 ______ to international students too.

1) art

2) centre

3) easiest

4) free

5) highest

6) largest

7) open

science

№24

Kizhi Museum

Kizhi is one of the first open-air museums of wooden constructions in Russia. It started functioning in 1951; since then a large number of 13 ______ buildings have appeared on the island. They were 14 ______ here from various parts of Karelia. The museum contains many unique items. Most of them are 17th–19th 15 ______ artifacts. The museum also contains exhibits of the 20th century.

The museum conducts a wide range of 16 ______ studies in history, archeology, ecology, and nature. It is 17 ______ in Kizhi and Petrozavodsk and has an advanced web portal and a web camera on the island. Kizhi museum also publishes the monthly «Kizhi newspaper». In summer, it runs week-long education 18 ______ at the school and university level.

1) based

2) built

3) centuries

4) courses

5) historical

6) moved

7) natural

scientific

№25

Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal is the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake. It is surrounded by rocky mountains, the tops of which are covered with 13 ______. Its water is so 14 ______ that any object can be seen well at the depth of 40 meters. It contains more water than the Great lakes in North America. The 15 ______ of Baikal’s water is close to that of the sea. It is similar dark blue or blue green. In winter this lake is almost completely covered in ice. By the end of winter the ice is 1 metre thick. Two-thirds of its 1,700 species of plants and animals don’t 16 ______ anywhere else in the world.

The Baikal is one of the most beautiful lakes of the planet and one of the few that is still growing. Lake Baikal is a 17 ______ tourist attraction. Millions of people come to 18 ______ their vacations there.

1) clear

2) colour

3) dark

4) enjoy

5) exist

6) popular

7) see

snow

№26

Lena Stone Pillars

Lena Pillars is a long chain of steep high rocks which are like columns or pillars. They are located on the 13 ______ bank of the Lena River in Russia. The river serves as a mirror for the pillars. They look twice as 14 ______ and majestic because of the reflection in the water. At sunrise the 15 ______ of the pillars is especially amazing! It wasn’t always possible to 16 ______ this beauty close. In the past the 17 ______ was thought to be sacred. Ordinary people were afraid to come there. It was believed that these rocks were frozen statues of people created by the unknown powers. So, only the elders and shamans had the right to approach these mysterious rocks.

The natural beauty of the place impresses everyone! Many people like to 18 ______ their holidays there.

1) enjoy

2) house

3) large

4) place

5) right

6) spend

7) view

wrong

№27

Peterhof

If you are travelling to St. Petersburg, a visit you can’t miss is to Peterhof. Peterhof is about 30 km from St. Petersburg, and is located next to the Gulf of Finland. This small town was created by order of Peter the Great and is 13 ______ all over the world. It is popular for palaces and gardens that were the residence of the czars until the Revolution of 1917.

In 1918 the Peterhof complex was transformed into a series of 14 ______. During World War II it was occupied and destroyed by German troops. After World War II it 15 ______ its restoration, which still continues.

The gardens of Peterhof are 16 ______ with many fountains and man-made canals. The water there 17 ______ from natural springs. Samson’s fountain is one of the best known in Peterhof. Visitors always take 18 ______ of it.

1) beautiful

2) became

3) began

4) comes

5) famous

6) keeps

7) museums

photos

№28

The White Nights

From late May to early July the nights are bright in St. Petersburg. The brightest period, the White Nights, normally 13 ______ from June 11th to July 2nd. St. Petersburg is а northern city. At this time of year the sun never fully sets, it does not go below the horizon enough for the 14 ______ to grow dark. In fact night 15 ______ like day.

A walk along the banks of the city’s rivers and canals in almost broad daylight any time of day or night is very romantic. One of the traditions of the White Nights is watching the Neva bridges open to let through boat

16 ______. The White Nights season is 17 ______ with tourists. They have more hours to do sightseeing and go shopping as shops stay open late. The atmosphere on the streets of St. Petersburg is very 18 ______.

1) becomes

2) begins

3) friendly

4) lasts

5) popular

6) river

7) sky

traffic

№29

Big Ben

The Houses of Parliament’s clock tower is one of London’s most famous landmarks. It holds the 13 ______ for being the second largest four-faced chiming clock in the world. The name Big Ben is often used to describe the tower, the clock and the bell, but the name was first given to the Great Bell. Nobody really 14 ______ the origin of the name, though there are many theories about it.

The clock tower has become a 15 ______ symbol of the United Kingdom. The 16 ______ of the tower often goes with a red double-decker bus in the foreground. The clock tower 17 ______ fantastic at night when the four clock faces are illuminated. Conservation works on the tower started in 2017 and Big Ben will stay silent until 2021. It will continue to chime though for 18 ______ events such as New Year’s Eve and Remembrance Sunday.

1) important

2) gives

3) educational

4) knows

5) looks

6) national

7) picture

record

№30

Important scientific discovery

Four new elements were discovered and added to the periodic table. That’s a 13 ______ deal! The atoms of the elements are so 14 ______ that half a million of them could line up across a single human hair. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Different atoms have different amounts of them which 15 ______ tell us what kind of element it is. An element can’t be broken down any further. And 16 ______ element has its own personality or characteristic. A Russian scientist named Mendeleev figured all of this out and 17 ______ the elements into a chart — The Periodic Table of Elements. He even knew, in 1869, that there would be more elements discovered. And we’re still adding them nearly 150 years 18 ______! This is the first time in 5 years that any have been added.

1) big

2) each

3) greater

4) helps

5) later

6) needs

7) organized

small

№31

A meteor over Russia

A meteor about the size of two buses, and weighing approximately 50 tons, burned up over Chelyabinsk. It was caught on video and it’s incredible to watch! There was a 13 ______ fireball! It travelled 14 ______ than the speed of sound. The meteor broke up into pieces, and smaller pieces hit the ground. About a thousand people got hurt from its 15 ______ — it blasted out windows, doors, and parts of 16 ______ in general. It also set off a lot of car alarms. No crater has been found since it burned up 17 ______ in the sky. And it’s rare that it happened over land. Something like this usually 18 ______ over the oceans, since the oceans cover about 70% of the Earth. It is good, though, it didn’t hit near a big city.

1) buildings

2) depends

3) effects

4) faster

5) happens

6) high

7) huge

tiny

№32

Flower festival

Flower festivals are celebrated all over the world. One of them is the Brussels’ Flower Carpet — a special show that 13 ______ every two years. For five short days a huge carpet of flowers (75 metres by 25 metres) is laid out on the 14 ______ square of Brussels, the Grand Place, in front of the City Hall.

15 ______ are drawn up for the Flower Carpet a year in advance. The designers 16 ______ on colours and number of flowers to be grown for the year’s festival. The Flower Carpet appears on postcards, 17 ______ and images of Brussels for years to come, but only those who visit the city in August are lucky enough to see it in person. The viewing is free, but visitors can buy 18 ______ to get a better panoramic view from the balcony of the City Hall.

1) calendars

2) comes

3) ends

4) final

5) decide

6) main

7) plans

tickets

№33

The «Arkhangelskoye» estate

The country estate «Arkhangelskoye» is a wonderful monument of Russian 13 ______ from the end of the XVIII to the beginning of the XIX century. It is famous for the magnificent 14 ______ of its garden and park ensemble and its splendid 15 ______ of paintings, drawings, sculptures and pieces of applied art and apart from it the superb store of rare books. Arkhangelskoye belonged to the prince Golitsinsky’s 16 ______ until 1809 but in 1810 it was bought by the richest Russian noble the prince Yusupov, who was a collector and patron of art. It took Yusupov 50 years to build and 17 ______ the ensemble. He invited such well-known architects as Gern, Trombaro, Pettondi, Gonzago, Bove and 18 ______. The first third of the XIX century was the period of golden age for Arkhangelskoye.

1) beauty

2) collection

3) culture

4) decorate

5) destroy

6) each

7) family

others

№34

Welcome to Saint Petersburg

The centre of St.-Petersburg, like all cities with rich history, is best seen by walking from one 13 ______ to another. If you’re not afraid of long walking tours, you’ll love 14 ______ a way of exploring this Venice of the North in Russia. You will 15 ______ a walking tour in the very centre of St.-Petersburg for the opportunity to explore each 16 ______ place. Just in case you’re not willing to wander around St.-Petersburg, there is a good alternative to it — an excursion tour in a private car or a mini bus or any other 17 ______. A professional driver and a guide will show you all the main tourist attractions of the city, providing you with the latest and most interesting 18 ______ about them, which can give you a chance to choose a few of them to explore more thoroughly later on.

1) beauty

2) enjoy

3) information

4) popular

5) see

6) sight

7) such

transport

№35

An Eye in the Sky

More than 400 years ago, Galileo Galilei built a telescope. He was an Italian 13 ______. He used the telescope to study space. Since then, scientists have used telescopes to make 14 ______ discoveries. The Hubble Space Telescope was sent to 15 ______ in 1990. It has sent back more than a million 16 ______. Soon, a new telescope will take over for Hubble. It is the James Webb Space Telescope. It is also called JWST, and Webb. In 2018, a 17 ______ will take JWST into space. The new telescope will explore farther into space than Hubble. It will travel a million miles from Earth. This will give scientists a better 18 ______ of the universe. «Hubble rewrote astronomy textbooks,» Maggie Masetti told TFK. She works on the Webb project. «Webb is going to do the same thing.»

1) actions

2) big

3) pictures

4) red

5) rocket

6) scientist

7) space

view

№36

Texting Outlawed

Texting while driving is illegal in 47 states of the USA. But what about texting while 13 ______? A law was recently passed in Honolulu, Hawaii. The law makes it illegal to text or look down at a device while 14 ______ the street. It is the first major U.S. city with a law like this. Some 15 ______ are in favour of the law. They say it will keep people safe. Others are 16 ______ it. Should more places adopt such a law? Sally Eun Bine Park from Paju, South Korea, says: «What’s more 17 ______, texting or safety? Looking at your phone while walking is not safe. You might not see a car coming. We call people who look at their 18 ______ while walking «smartphone zombies.» This law will help keep people alive! And we will see fewer zombies on the street».

1) across

2) against

3) crossing

4) important

5) people

6) policemen

7) phones

walking

№37

Beyond Appearances

The Story of Ferdinand is a popular kids’ book. It was published more than 80 years ago. Now it is also an animated 13 ______. Ferdinand hit the big screen on December 15. The movie is part comedy, part drama. It tells the story of a kind and gentle Spanish bull. His 14 ______ is Ferdinand. Because of his size, people think Ferdinand is a beast. So he is taken from his 15 ______ and made to fight. Then the bull plots a 16 ______ to his home. Ferdinand is voiced by John Cena. He is an actor and a professional wrestler. «A lot of people think I want to cause 17 ______,» Cena told TFK Kid Reporter Gabrielle Hurd. Above all, the movie delivers an important message. «Never be 18 ______ to be who you are,» Cena says. «That’s what makes you special.»

1) afraid

2) home

3) interest

4) movie

5) name

6) return

7) spoiled

trouble