The word speak in italian

che c’è di male? where’s the harm in it?

mal di testa/di denti headache/toothache

meno male! thank goodness!

* * *

1 (opposto di bene) evil: il bene e il male, right and wrong (o good and evil); il genio del male, the evil genius; lo spirito del male, the spirit of evil; non conosce il male, she doesn’t know the meaning of evil; indurre qlcu. al male, to lead s.o. astray; rendere bene per male, to return good for evil

2 (sventura) ill, evil, misfortune; (guaio) trouble: i mali della vita, the ills (o evils) of life; augurare del male a qlcu., to wish s.o. ill; raccontare i propri mali, to tell one’s troubles (o woes) // portare male, to bring bad luck // mal comune mezzo gaudio, (prov.) misery loves company // a mali estremi, estremi rimedi, (prov.) desperate ills need desperate remedies // un male tira l’altro, (prov.) it never rains but it pours (o misfortunes never come singly) // non tutto il male viene per nuocere, (prov.) every cloud has a silver lining // tra due mali bisogna scegliere il minore, (prov.) choose the lesser of two evils

3 (malattia) illness, disease, sickness; (dolore fisico) pain, ache: mal d’aria, altitude sickness; mal caduco, falling sickness; mal di cuore, heart disease; mal di denti, toothache; mal di gola, sore throat: ho mal di gola, I have a sore throat; mal di mare, seasickness; avere il mal di mare, to be seasick; mal di montagna, mountain sickness; mal di stomaco, stomach-ache; mal di testa, headache; un brutto male, cancer; i cibi pesanti mi fanno male, heavy food gives me indigestion; ti fa male?, does it hurt?; ho male alle braccia, mi fanno male le braccia, my arms ache (o hurt); mi fai male, you are hurting me; essere affetto da un male incurabile, to suffer from an incurable disease; farsi male, to hurt oneself: si è fatto male cadendo da un albero, he hurt himself falling from a tree; si è fatto male alla gamba, he hurt his leg

4 (danno, torto) harm, damage: il male che mi ha fatto, the wrongs he has done me; che male ti può fare?, what harm can it do you?; ciò farà più male che bene, it will do more harm than good; gli avete fatto del male parlando così, you have hurt him by talking like that; non c’è niente di male in ciò, there is no harm in that; non si deve fare male a nessuno, you mustn’t hurt people; poco male se non può venire, it does not matter if he cannot come; non sarà male avvisarlo, it wouldn’t hurt to tell him; la sua partenza è stato un male per tutti, his departure was bad for everyone.

◆ FRASEOLOGIA: meno male, just as well (o a good job o a good thing); (grazie a Dio) thank goodness; (almeno) at least: è arrivato con due ore di ritardo, ma meno male che ora è qui, he arrived two hours late, but at least he’s here now; ho dato l’esame di francese e ho preso 20; meno male, poteva andare peggio, I got 20 out of 30 in the French exam; not so bad!, it could have been worse; ho dimenticato il portafogli, meno male che ho un po’ di soldi in tasca, I have forgotten my wallet, it’s just as well (o it’s a good job o it’s a good thing) I have some money in my pocket; meno male che sei arrivato, ero proprio nei pasticci, thank goodness you’ve arrived, I was really in a mess // non bisogna pensare male di lui, give him the benefit of the doubt (o don’t think badly of him) // non c’è male, not too bad (o pretty well) // non pensavo a nulla di male, I did not mean anything bad // spettacolo che fa male, (doloroso), painful sight // andare a male, to go bad // aversela a male di qlco., prendere qlco. a male, to feel hurt by sthg. (o to take sthg. in bad part o to take sthg. amiss) // farsi venire un male, to pretend to faint (o to swoon) // mettere male, to foster enmity (o to sow discord) // venir male, to feel faint; mi vien male, I feel faint // voler male a qlcu., (odiarlo) to hate s.o.; (avere un rancore contro qlcu.) to have a grudge against s.o.

1 (in modo non giusto, scorrettamente) badly: riconosco di aver agito male, I admit I behaved badly; parlare male l’italiano, to speak Italian badly; trattare male qlcu., to treat s.o. badly; è un lavoro fatto male, it’s a badly done job // mi ha risposto male, he gave me a rude answer (o he answered me rudely) // fa male a prendersela tanto, he’s wrong to get so upset // ti ho fatto male?, did I hurt you?

2 (in modo sgradevole, sconveniente, sfavorevole): ho dormito male stanotte, I slept badly last night; in quel ristorante si mangia male, the food’s awful in that restaurant; quella persona veste male, that person dresses badly; ci siamo rimasti tutti molto male, we all felt bad (o we were all upset) about it; sentirsi male, to feel ill // star male, (di salute) to be ill; (essere sconveniente) to look bad; (di abito ecc.) not to suit // star male a quattrini, to be badly off // gli affari vanno male, business is bad // le cose si mettono male, things are looking bad // io la vedo male, I don’t like the look of it // finir male, (avere cattivo esito) to end badly; (prendere una brutta strada) to come to a bad end: la giornata è finita male, the day ended badly; se continua a frequentare quell’ambiente, finirà male, if he keeps in with those people, he’ll come to a bad end // non male, not (so) bad: »Come stai?» »Non male», »How are you?» »Not so bad»; »Come vanno le cose?» »Non male», »How are things going?» »Not badly» // bene o male, somehow (or other) // né bene né male, so so // di male in peggio, from bad to worse // per male che vada, at (the) worst

3 (in modo imperfetto, non completamente) not properly, poorly, badly: quella porta è chiusa male, that door isn’t properly closed; la radio funziona male, the radio isn’t working properly // hai scritto male l’indirizzo, you didn’t get the address right // la foto è riuscita male, the photo hasn’t come out well; la gita era mal organizzata, the trip was badly (o poorly) organized // la mia fiducia era mal riposta, my trust was misplaced // siete male informati, you’ve got it wrong // devo aver capito male, I must have misunderstood

4 (con valore di negazione): guardare qlcu. con mal celata antipatia, to look at s.o. with ill-concealed dislike; è un atteggiamento che mal si addice a un presidente, it’s an attitude that ill becomes a president

5 (con valore di agg.): quella ragazza non è male, that girl isn’t bad-looking; questo quadro non è male, this picture isn’t bad at all

◆ inter. (per esprimere disapprovazione o rammarico): »Non hai ancora fatto i compiti? Male!», »Haven’t you done your homework yet? That’s too bad!»; »Ho perso di nuovo le chiavi di casa» »Male!», »I’ve lost the house keys again» »Too bad!»

* * *

[‘male]

scrivere/comportarsi male — to write/behave badly

2)

sentirsi/star male — to feel/be ill

3)

la vedo male — things look bad (to me), it doesn’t look good to me

1) evil

* * *

I
1. [‘male]

1) (in modo sbagliato, scorretto, insoddisfacente) [fatto, pagato, leggere, cominciare, trattare, dormire] badly; [ illuminato] poorly, badly; [diagnosticato, indirizzato] wrongly

comportarsi male — to behave badly, to misbehave (oneself), to misconduct oneself

parlare male di qcn. — to badmouth sb., to speak evil o ill of sb.

guardare male qcn. — to frown at sb.

2.

interiezione

II [‘male]

maschile

1) (ciò che è malvagio, immorale) evil, ill

fare male — [braccio, schiena] to ache, to hurt; [ taglio] to smart, to sting

fare male a qcn. — [ persona] to hurt o injure sb.; fig. to hurt sb.

farsi male — to get hurt, to hurt o injure oneself

fare del male a qcn. — to harm sb., to do sb. harm

«come va?» — «non c’è male!» — «how are you?» — «not so bad!»

•

••

aversela o aversene a male to take something amiss, to get sore; mettere male to make o create mischief; non tutto il male vien per nuocere every cloud has a silver lining; non farebbe male a una mosca — he wouldn’t hurt o harm a fly, he wouldn’t say boo to a goose

* * *

male¹

/’male/

(compar. peggio; superl. malissimo, pessimamente)

male! that’s bad!

————————

male²

/’male/ ⇒ 7

sostantivo m.

1 (ciò che è malvagio, immorale) evil, ill; il bene e il male good and evil, right and wrong; non fare nulla di male to do nothing wrong; non c’è nulla di male a fare there is nothing wrong with o in doing; che male c’è? where is the harm (in it)? what harm is there? che cosa ha fatto di male? what has she done wrong?

4 (danno) fare del male a qcn. to harm sb., to do sb. harm; fare male alla salute [fumo, alcol] to damage health, to be bad for one’s health; troppo sole fa male alla pelle too much sun(bathing) is bad for your skin; portare male to be unlucky; [ persona] to be a jinx; «come va?» — «non c’è male!» «how are you?» — «not so bad!»; poco male! no harm done!

c’è nessuna notizia? is there any news?

hai visto nessuno? did you see anyone or anybody?

* * *

2 ( nel significato di qualche spec. in frasi interr.) any: nessuna notizia?, any news?; hai nessun suggerimento da darmi?, have you got any advice to give me?; c’è nessun inglese fra voi?, are any of you English?; dimmi se ti serve nessun aiuto, tell me if you need any help

◆ pron.indef.

2 (nel significato di qualcuno, spec. in frasi interr.) anybody, anyone; ( accompagnato da un partitivo) any: c’è nessuno?, is there anybody there?; c’è nessuno che voglia venire con me?, does anyone want to come with me?; guarda se c’è nessuno in casa, see if there’s anyone at home; nessuno di voi lo sa?, do any of you know?; hai visto nessuno dei nostri amici?, have you seen any of our friends?

◆ s.m. nobody, no one: si dà tante arie, ma non è nessuno, he gives himself a lot of airs, but he’s (a) nobody.

* * *

[nes’suno]
nessuno (-a)

nessuno di — none of

non c’era nessuno — there was no-one there, there wasn’t anyone there

nessuno di loro/dei presenti — none of them/of those present

pegg : nullità) nobody, nonentity

e io chi sono, nessuno? — and who am I then, nobody?

* * *

[nes’suno]
1.

da -a parte, in nessun posto — nowhere

2.

non c’era quasi, mai nessuno — there was hardly, never anybody there

«hai ricevuto molte lettere?» — «-a!» — «did you receive many letters?» — «not one!» o «none!»

3.

maschile

* * *

nessuno

/nes’suno/

Nessuno in italiano, e i suoi equivalenti inglesi, possono essere usati come aggettivi oppure come pronomi. — Come aggettivo, nessuno si rende con no ( nessuna speranza = no hope), e con any in una frase già negativa ( non fa mai nessun errore = she never makes any mistakes) o in frase interrogativa dove nessuno ha in realtà valore positivo (nessun’idea? = qualche idea? = any ideas?). — Più numerosi sono i traducenti inglesi del pronome nessuno, poiché, oltre a nobody e al suo sinonimo no-one ( non è venuto nessuno = nobody / no-one came), si usano: anybody o anyone, se c’è già un’altra negazione ( non parlo mai con nessuno = I never talk to anybody) o in frase interrogativa dove nessuno ha in realtà valore positivo (ho dimenticato nessuno? = ho dimenticato qualcuno? = have I forgotten anybody?); none, se nessuno ha valore partitivo e relativo, non assoluto: «questi sono i miei compagni di classe» «non ne conosco nessuno» = «these are my classmates» «I know none (of them)»; «ci sono delle auto in strada?» «nessuna» = «are there any cars in the street?» «none»; any, al posto di none in presenza di un’altra negazione: non conosco nessuno dei tuoi compagni = I don’t know any of your classmates; neither, se nessuno si riferisce a due cose o persone: l’ho chiesto a entrambe, ma nessuna ha risposto = I asked them both, but neither answered; either, al posto di neither in presenza di un’altra negazione: non ho mai conosciuto nessuna (delle due) = I’ve never met either.

(for the alternation with nessun it follows the rules of the article uno)

2 (qualche) any; —a novità? is there any news?

4 (qualcuno) anybody, anyone; c’è nessuno? is anyone in? non c’è nessuno qui che parli l’italiano? does anybody here speak Italian?

III sostantivo m.

m.

understanding, grasp.

v.

1 to understand.

no te entiendo, habla más despacio I don’t understand you, could you speak more slowly?

no entiendo nada, ¿no deberían haber llegado ya? I just can’t understand it, surely they were supposed to have arrived by now

¡no hay quien te entienda! you’re impossible!

¿tú qué entiendes por “amistad”? what do you understand by “friendship”?

dar a entender que… to imply (that)…

hasta que no llegue no podemos empezar, ¿entiendes? we can’t start until she gets here, all right?

2 to think.

3 to figure out, to digest, to get clear, to get to know.

* * *

(e changes to ie in stressed syllables)

Present Indicative

Present Subjunctive

Imperative

* * *

verb

2) think, believe

•

* * *

1) to understand

¡a ti no hay quien te entienda! — you’re impossible to understand!

que no te vuelva a ver fumando ¿me has entendido? — don’t let me catch you smoking again, do you understand?

¿entiendes lo que te quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?, do you know what I’m trying to say?

es un poco rarito, tú ya me entiendes — he’s a bit odd, if you know what I mean

según él me dio a entender, no está contento en su trabajo — from what he said to me, he is not happy in his job, he gave me to understand that he is not happy in his job

si no he entendido mal, esto es lo que queréis decir — unless I’ve misunderstood what you’re saying, this is what you mean

no entendí ni jota o ni una patata de lo que decían — I didn’t have a clue what they were on about

2) to think, believe

3) to understand

¿tú qué entiendes por libertad? — what do you understand by freedom?

¿debo entender que lo niegas? — am I to understand that you deny it?

¿tú entiendes esta lavadora? — do you know how this washing machine works?, do you know how to use this washing machine?

5) to hear

1) to understand

¡ya entiendo! — now I understand!, now I get it!

la vida es así ¿entiendes? — that’s life, you know

no entender de barcos —

si le preguntas cualquier cosa, él no entiende de barcos — if you ask him something, he makes out he doesn’t know anything about anything

3)

3.

See:

* * *

I
1.

verbo transitivo

1)

a) <explicación/idioma/actitud> to understand

¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?

se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender — he makes himself understood

2) (frml)

a) (concebir, opinar)

b) (interpretar, deducir)

¿debo entender que te vas? — am I to understand that you’re leaving?

me dio a entender que… — she gave me to understand that…

2.

¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? — do you know anything about these things?

3) (Der)

3.

1)

a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? — let’s get this straight, who hit you?

2) (refl)

déjame, yo me entiendo — leave me alone, I know what I’m doing

II

masculino

a mi/tu/su entender — in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

* * *

= come to + grips with, cut through, grasp, have + some grasp, make + sense (out) of, understand, get to + grips with, make + sense of life, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], sympathise [sympathize, -USA], get + a grip on, provide + an understanding, catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift, have + a handle on, fathom, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get + a handle on.

Ex. Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.

Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library’s administration.

Ex. She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.

Ex. It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.

Ex. The resultant guiding must be clear, by being both easy to read and easy to make sense of.

Ex. They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.

Ex. The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.

Ex. This manual is an indispensable companion to all those who are keen to make sense of life in an infinitely complex and confusing Internet.

Ex. In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex. In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex. The article ‘ Getting a grip on change’ argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.

Ex. The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex. Shariel sighed and rolled her eyes a little, as Akanan clearly didn’t catch her drift.

Ex. ‘Nah,’ Kate chuckled, getting her drift, and then said ‘I would’ve just barged in there and dared them to throw me out!’.

Ex. ‘I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,’ he said.

Ex. As she ascended the staircase to the library director’s office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.

Ex. You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.

Ex. Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can’t possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.

Ex. Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

—-

* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.

* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.

* ayudar a entender mejor = lend + understanding to.

* dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.

* difícil de entender = cryptic.

* entender a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.

* entender mal = misunderstand, misconceive, mishearing, mishearing, mishear.

* entender mejor = place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.

* entenderse = interoperate [inter-operate], hit it off.

* entenderse que indica = take to + indicate.

* hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.

* hacerse entender = make + Posesivo + meaning plain.

* no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.

* no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.

* no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.

* no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.

* según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.

* * *

I
1.

verbo transitivo

1)

a) <explicación/idioma/actitud> to understand

¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?

se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender — he makes himself understood

2) (frml)

a) (concebir, opinar)

b) (interpretar, deducir)

¿debo entender que te vas? — am I to understand that you’re leaving?

me dio a entender que… — she gave me to understand that…

2.

¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? — do you know anything about these things?

3) (Der)

3.

1)

a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? — let’s get this straight, who hit you?

2) (refl)

déjame, yo me entiendo — leave me alone, I know what I’m doing

II

masculino

a mi/tu/su entender — in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

* * *

= come to + grips with, cut through, grasp, have + some grasp, make + sense (out) of, understand, get to + grips with, make + sense of life, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], sympathise [sympathize, -USA], get + a grip on, provide + an understanding, catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift, have + a handle on, fathom, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get + a handle on.

Ex: Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.

Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library’s administration.

Ex: She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.

Ex: It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.

Ex: The resultant guiding must be clear, by being both easy to read and easy to make sense of.

Ex: They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.

Ex: The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.

Ex: This manual is an indispensable companion to all those who are keen to make sense of life in an infinitely complex and confusing Internet.

Ex: In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex: In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.

Ex: The article ‘ Getting a grip on change’ argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.

Ex: The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex: Shariel sighed and rolled her eyes a little, as Akanan clearly didn’t catch her drift.

Ex: ‘Nah,’ Kate chuckled, getting her drift, and then said ‘I would’ve just barged in there and dared them to throw me out!’.

Ex: ‘I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,’ he said.

Ex: As she ascended the staircase to the library director’s office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.

Ex: You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.

Ex: Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can’t possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.

Ex: Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.

* a mi entender = to my mind.

* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.

* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.

* ayudar a entender mejor = lend + understanding to.

* dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* difícil de entender = cryptic.

* entender a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.

* entender mal = misunderstand, misconceive, mishearing, mishearing, mishear.

* entender mejor = place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.

* entenderse = interoperate [inter-operate], hit it off.

* entenderse que indica = take to + indicate.

* fácil de entender = easy to understand.

* hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.

* hacer entender = get across.

* hacerse entender = make + Posesivo + meaning plain.

* malentender = misconstrue.

* más fácil de entender para nosotros = closer to home.

* no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.

* no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.

* no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.

* no entender ni una papa de = can’t make head(s) or tail(s) of.

* no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.

* según nuestro entender = as far as we know.

* según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.

* * *

vt

A

1 ‹explicación/libro/idioma› to understand; ‹actitud/motivos› to understand

no hablo el alemán, pero lo entiendo I don’t speak German, but I can understand it

y que no se vuelva a repetir ¿lo has entendido bien? and don’t let it happen again, (do you) understand? o have you got that?

¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? do you know what I mean?

¿tú qué entiendes por `versátil’? what do you understand by `versatile’?

2 ‹persona› to understand

ten cuidado con ellos, tú ya me entiendes be careful with them, you know what I mean

su inglés no es perfecto pero se hace entender or ( AmL) se da a entender his English isn’t perfect but he makes himself understood

¡a ti no hay quien te entienda! you’re impossible!

1

2

(interpretar, deducir): ¿debo entender que desean prescindir de mis servicios? am I to understand o infer that you wish to dispense with my services?

no lo dijo claramente, pero lo dio a entender she did not say so in so many words, but she implied it

■ entender

vi

es que él es así ¿entiendes? it’s just that he’s like that, you see

¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? do you know anything about these things?

A

se entienden por señas they communicate (with each other) through signs, they use sign language to communicate with each other

a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién le pegó a quién? let’s get this straight, who hit whom?

déjame, yo me entiendo leave me alone, I know what I’m doing

a mi/tu/su entender in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

* * *

 

Multiple Entries:

entender    
entender algo

entender ( conjugate entender) verbo transitivo

to understand;

‹ chiste› to understand, get (colloq);

no entendí su nombre I didn’t get his name;

lo entendió todo al revés he got it all completely wrong;

tú ya me entiendes you know what I mean;

me has entendido mal you’ve misunderstood me;

se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender he makes himself understood;

me dio a entender que … she gave me to understand that …;

dar algo a entender to imply sth

verbo intransitivo

b) ( saber) entender de algo to know about sth

entenderse verbo pronominal

1

entenderse con algn to communicate with sb;

a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? let’s get this straight, who hit you?

entenderse con algn to get along o on with sb

2 ( refl):

◊ déjame, yo me entiendo leave me alone, I know what I’m doing

entender

I verbo transitivo

1 (comprender) to understand: a mi entender, está equivocado, in my opinion he’s wrong

no entendí ni papa/pío/jota de este libro, I didn’t understand a word of this book

no entiendo lo que quieres decir, I don’t know what you mean

no me entiendas mal, don’t get me wrong

nos dio a entender que no aceptaría el trabajo, he gave us to understand that he wouldn’t accept the job

2 (creer) to think: entendemos que no debiste hacerlo, we think you shouldn’t have done that

II verbo intransitivo entender de, (saber) to know about: entiende de música, he has an ear for music ➣ Ver nota en understand

‘ entender‘ also found in these entries:

Spanish:

ayunas
— cazar
— coger
— comprender
— dar
— interpretar
— mercenaria
— mercenario
— papa
— revés
— significativa
— significativo
— ver
— aclarar
— agarrar
— caer
— concebir
— difícil
— dificultad
— entendimiento
— enterarse
— entienda
— fácil
— sin

English:

appreciate
— catch
— depth
— follow
— get
— gist
— intimate
— make out
— misunderstand
— parrot-fashion
— point
— purport
— see
— sense
— thoroughly
— trouble
— understand
— wise
— work out
— beyond
— fathom
— figure
— grip
— head
— hint
— home
— imply
— knowing
— latch
— lead
— make
— message
— mishear
— ram
— still
— sympathize
— work

* * *

♦ vt

to understand;

¿es que no lo entiendes? don’t you understand?;

entiéndelo, lo hago por tu bien try to understand, it’s for your own good;

no te entiendo, habla más despacio I don’t understand you, could you speak more slowly?;

no entiendo nada, ¿no deberían haber llegado ya? I just can’t understand it, surely they were supposed to have arrived by now;

¡no hay quien te entienda! you’re impossible!;

¿tú qué entiendes por “amistad”? what do you understand by “friendship”?;

¿debo entender que no estás de acuerdo? am I to understand that you disagree?;

¿cómo le puedo hacer entender que eso no se hace? how can I make her understand get it through to her that that sort of behaviour is out?;

hasta que no llegue no podemos empezar, ¿entiendes? we can’t start until she gets here, all right?;

¿entiendes?, si no se lo decimos se va a enfadar look, if we don’t tell him, he’s going to get angry;

podríamos hacernos los despistados, ya me entiendes we could make out we didn’t really realize what was going on, you know what I mean;

dar a entender algo (a alguien): dio a entender que no le interesaba she implied (that) she wasn’t interested;

to think;

♦ vi

entender poco/algo de to know very little/a little about;

tú que entiendes de estas cosas, ¿qué es el “rafting”? you know about these things, what is “rafting”?

to be in charge of;

to be gay;

¿entiendes? are you gay?

* * *

1 understand;

ya me entiendes do you catch my drift?, do you know what I mean?;

:

entendemos que sería mejor … we believe it would be better …

1 understand;

2

:

3

:

:

* * *

to understand

to think, to believe

to mean, to intend

to infer, to deduce

to understand

¡ya entiendo!: now I understand!

* * *

du:

1.

1) 0

2) 0

3) 0

4) 0

5) hacer

6) hacer

7) hacer

servir, ir bien, ser suficiente

9) hacer, dedicarse, estudiar

10) ir

11) arreglar

12) hacer, comportarse, actuar

13) hacer

14) causar, hacer

15) visitar

2.

fiesta, evento

— doings
— done
— do-it-yourself
— to-do
— I
— he could be doing with / could do with
— do away with
— do for
— done for
— done in
— do out
— do out of
— do’s and don’ts
— do without
— to do with
— what are you doing with

how do you do?

Multiple Entries:
D.O.     do     do.

do sustantivo masculino ( nota) C;
( en solfeo) do, doh (BrE);

do sustantivo masculino Mús (de solfeo) doh, do
(de escala diatónica) C

do bemol, C-flat

do de pecho, high C

do sostenido, C-sharp
Locuciones: dar el do de pecho, to do one’s very best

‘do‘ also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrochar — acomodada — acomodado — acompañar — anda — animarse — apetecer — apostarse — aprender — arte — así — atañer — atonía — atreverse — bajeza — bastar — bastante — bastarse — bien — bola — bordar — brazo — bricolaje — broma — caballo — cacharro — cada — calaña — campar — capaz — cara — cargar — cascabel — casual — cepillarse — cerrar — colada — coletilla — comer — comandita — comecome — como — componer — componenda — compromiso — común — con — contentarse — contrapelo — corpachón
English:
about-face — about-turn — actually — advance — again — agree — aim to — all — all-out — allow — any — approachable — approve of — as — ask — aspect — associate — attempt — attribute — authorize — bankrupt — begin — best — born — bunk — burden — business — busywork — by — C — call — can — carry-on — cast — cease — cheap — chief — choose — cleaning — clear — come through — command — commit — compel — compelling — complaint — compute — conception — condescend — condition

do

tr[dʊː]

■ do you smoke? ¿fumas?

■ do you know Susan? ¿conoces a Susan?

■ what do they want? ¿qué quieren?

■ where does Neil live? ¿dónde vive Neil?

■ what film did you see? ¿qué película viste?

■ when did they leave? ¿cuándo se fueron?

■ do come with us! ¡ánimo, vente con nosotros!

■ I did post it, I swear! ¡sí que lo mandé, te lo juro!

■ do you like basketball? — yes, I do ¿te gusta el baloncesto? — sí, me gusta

■ did you see the film? — no, I didn’t ¿viste la película? — no, no la vi

■ who wears glasses? — Brian does ¿quién lleva gafas? — Brian

■ who broke the vase? — I did ¿quién rompió el florero? — yo

■ you don’t smoke, do you? no fumas, ¿verdad?

■ you like fish, don’t you? a ti te gusta el pescado, ¿verdad?

■ she lives in Madrid, doesn’t she? vive en Madrid, ¿verdad?

■ you went to their wedding, didn’t you? tú fuiste a su boda, ¿verdad?

■ they didn’t believe you, did they? no te creyeron, ¿verdad?

■ what are you doing here? ¿qué haces aquí?

■ what are you doing this weekend? ¿qué vas a hacer este fin de semana?

■ whatever you do, don’t drink alcohol hagas lo que hagas, no bebas alcohol

■ what can I do about it? ¿qué quieres que haga yo?

■ what do you do (for a living)? ¿a qué te dedicas?

■ what does he want to do when he leaves university? ¿a qué quiere dedicarse cuando deje la universidad?

3 (carry out — job, task) hacer, realizar, llevar a cabo; (- duty) cumplir con

■ I’ve got to do the cooking/cleaning tengo que cocinar/limpiar

■ have you done your homework? ¿has hecho los deberes?

■ do you do biology at school? ¿estudias biología en el instituto?

6 (produce, make — meal) preparar, hacer; (drawing, painting, translation, etc) hacer; (offer — service) servir, tener, hacer; (- discount) hacer

■ does this pub do food? ¿sirven comidas en este pub?

■ what can I do for you? ¿en qué le puedo servir?

8 (put on, produce — play, opera, etc) presentar, dar, poner en escena; (play the part of) hacer el papel de

9 (finish, complete) terminar

■ have you done moaning? ¿has terminado de protestar?

■ he’s done it! ¡lo ha conseguido!

12 (be sufficient for) ser suficiente; (be satisfactory for, acceptable to) ir bien a

■ will 6 glasses do you? ¿será suficiente con seis vasos?

■ yes, that will do me nicely sí, eso me irá perfectamente

■ you’ve been done! ¡te han timado!

1 (act, behave) hacer

■ how are you doing? ¿qué tal vas?, ¿cómo te van las cosas?

■ how are we doing for time? ¿cómo andamos de tiempo?

3 (complete, finish) terminar

■ have you done with the hairdryer? ¿has terminado con el secador?

■ will one slice do for you? ¿tendrás suficiente con una rebanada?

■ that’ll do! ¡basta!

5 (be satisfactory, suitable) servir, estar bien

■ well, I suppose it’ll have to do bueno, supongo que tendrá que servir

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

how do you do? (greeting) ¿cómo está usted? 2 (answer) mucho gusto, encantado,-a

that does it! ¡esto ya es la gota que colma el vaso!, ¡ya está bien!

to be/have to do with somebody/something tener que ver con alguien/algo

to do something for somebody (help) hacer algo por alguien 2 (flatter, suit) favorecer a alguien, quedarle bien a alguien 3 (please) atraer a alguien, decirle algo a alguien

hacer, realizar, llevar a cabo

preparar, hacer

arreglar, peinar (el pelo)

to do in estropear, arruinar

hacer

estar, ir, andar

terminar

servir, ser suficiente, alcanzar

do you speak English? yes, I do: ¿habla inglés? sí

expr.

expr.

v.

pret: hic-

I
1. duː, weak form dʊ, də

1) hacer*

to have something/nothing to do — tener* algo/no tener* nada que hacer

2) ( carry out) <<job/task>> hacer*

4) (achieve, bring about)

she’s done it: it’s a new world record — lo ha logrado: es una nueva marca mundial

he’s late again: that does it! — vuelve a llegar tarde esto ya es la gota que colma el vaso!

to do something for somebody/something: that mustache really does something for him la verdad es que le queda muy bien el bigote; what has EC membership done for Greece? — ¿en qué ha beneficiado a Grecia ser miembro de la CE?

5)

a) (fix, arrange, repair)

b) ( clean) <<dishes>> lavar; <<brass/windows>> limpiar

6) (make, produce)

a) <<meal>> preparar, hacer*

b) <<drawinganslation>> hacer*

they do a set meal for £12 — tienen un menú de 12 libras

(suffice for, suit)

the car has only done 4,000 miles — el coche sólo tiene 4.000 millas

10)

b) ( visit) (colloq) <<sights/museum>> visitar

13) (BrE colloq)

a) (catch, prosecute) agarrar

b) ( cheat) estafar, timar

14) ( use) (sl)

15) (colloq) ( finish) terminar

are o (esp BrE) have you done complaining? — ¿has terminado de quejarte?

2.

vi

1) (act, behave) hacer*

2) (get along, manage)

how do? — (colloq & dial) ¿qué tal?

how are we doing for time/cash? — ¿cómo or qué tal vamos or andamos de tiempo/dinero?

she did well/badly in her exams — le fue bien/mal en los exámenes

to do well/badly out of something — salir* bien/mal parado de algo

3) (go on, happen) (colloq) (in -ing form)

4)

a) (be suitable, acceptable)

look, this won’t do! — mira, esto no puede ser!

it’s not ideal, but it’ll do — no es lo ideal, pero sirve

I’m not going to cook, bread and cheese will do for them! — no pienso cocinar, se tendrán que conformar con pan y queso

b)

to do for o as something: this box will do for o as a table — esta caja nos servirá de mesa

5) ( be enough) ser* suficiente, alcanzar*, bastar

6) ( finish) (in past p) terminar

I’m not o (BrE) I haven’t done yet! — no he terminado todavía

7)

3.

2)

I did not o didn’t see her — no la vi

3)

a)

Ex:

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

boy, do you need a bath! — Dios mío! qué falta te hace un baño!

/Ex:

4)

a)

Ex:

you must admit, she did look ill — tienes que reconocer que tenía mala cara

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

I haven’t decided, but if I do accept… — todavía no lo he decidido, pero si aceptara…

/Ex:

not only does it cost more, it also… — no sólo cuesta más, sino que también…

5)

Ex:

do you live here? — yes, I do/no, I don’t — ¿vives aquí? — sí/no

she wanted to come, but he didn’t — ella quería venir, pero él no

she found it in your drawer — oh, did she? — lo encontró en tu cajón — ¿ah, sí?

I don’t need a haircut — yes, you do! — no necesito cortarme el pelo — cómo que no!

she says she understands, but she doesn’t — dice que comprende, pero no es así

/Ex:

6)

Ex:

you know Bob, don’t you? — conoces a Bob, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?

I told you, didn’t I? — te lo dije ¿no? or ¿no es cierto?

/Ex:

I, Charles Brown, do solemnly swear that… — yo, Charles Brown, juro solemnemente que…

•

Phrasal Verbs:

II duː

fair dos all round — a partes iguales para todos; (as interj) seamos justos!

3)

III dəʊ

I [duː]
( does)
(

pt

did)
(

pp

done)

living 2., 1)

2) hacer

Some [do] + noun combinations require a more specific Spanish verb:

3)

4) preparar; hacer, arreglar

hair 1., 1)

5) pasar

6)

that’s done it! * we’re stuck now — ¡la hemos fastidiado! * ahora no podemos salir de aquí

that does it! * that’s the last time I lend him my car — ¡es el colmo! or ¡hasta aquí hemos llegado!, es la última vez que le dejo el coche

good 2., 2)

7)

hacer, estudiar

9) (Theat) representar, poner; hacer

10) imitar

11) (Aut, Rail etc) ir a; cubrir

12)

proud

that’ll do me nicely — eso me vendrá muy bien; con eso me basta

1) hacer

well I, 1., 1)

2)

how do you do? ¿cómo está usted?, gusto en conocerlo (

LAm

); ¡mucho gusto!, ¡encantado!

3)

it’s not exactly what I wanted, but it will or it’ll do — no es exactamente lo que quería pero servirá

make 1., 4)

4) bastar

5)

«could you lend me £50?» — «nothing doing!» — -¿me podrías prestar 50 libras? -¡de ninguna manera! or -¡ni hablar!

don’t take it away, I’ve not done yet — no te lo lleves, ¡aún no he terminado or acabado!

There is no equivalent in Spanish to the use of in questions, negative statements and negative commands.

do sit down — siéntese, por favor, tome asiento, por favor frm

rarely does it happen that… — rara vez ocurre que…

a)

«did you fix the car?» — «I did» — -¿arreglaste el coche? -sí

«I love it» — «so do I» — -me encanta -a mí también

«he borrowed the car» — «oh he did, did he?» — -pidió el coche prestado -¿ah sí? ¡no me digas!

I like this colour, don’t you? — me gusta este color, ¿a ti no?

«do you speak English?» — «yes, I do/no I don’t» — -¿habla usted inglés? -sí, hablo inglés/no, no hablo inglés

«may I come in?» — «(please) do!» — -¿se puede pasar? -¡pasa (por favor)!

«who made this mess?» — «I did» — -¿quién lo ha desordenado todo? -fui yo

«shall I ring her again?» — «no, don’t!» — -¿la llamo otra vez? -¡no, no la llames!

he lives here, doesn’t he? — vive aquí, ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto? or ¿no?

I don’t know him, do I? — no lo conozco, ¿verdad?

it doesn’t matter, does it? — no importa, ¿no?

she said that, did she? — ¿eso es lo que dijo?

II

[dǝʊ]

N

(Mus) do

* * *

I
1. [duː], weak form [dʊ, də]

1) hacer*

to have something/nothing to do — tener* algo/no tener* nada que hacer

2) ( carry out) <<job/task>> hacer*

4) (achieve, bring about)

she’s done it: it’s a new world record — lo ha logrado: es una nueva marca mundial

he’s late again: that does it! — vuelve a llegar tarde esto ya es la gota que colma el vaso!

to do something for somebody/something: that mustache really does something for him la verdad es que le queda muy bien el bigote; what has EC membership done for Greece? — ¿en qué ha beneficiado a Grecia ser miembro de la CE?

5)

a) (fix, arrange, repair)

b) ( clean) <<dishes>> lavar; <<brass/windows>> limpiar

6) (make, produce)

a) <<meal>> preparar, hacer*

b) <<drawing/translation>> hacer*

they do a set meal for £12 — tienen un menú de 12 libras

(suffice for, suit)

the car has only done 4,000 miles — el coche sólo tiene 4.000 millas

10)

b) ( visit) (colloq) <<sights/museum>> visitar

13) (BrE colloq)

a) (catch, prosecute) agarrar

b) ( cheat) estafar, timar

14) ( use) (sl)

15) (colloq) ( finish) terminar

are o (esp BrE) have you done complaining? — ¿has terminado de quejarte?

2.

vi

1) (act, behave) hacer*

2) (get along, manage)

how do? — (colloq & dial) ¿qué tal?

how are we doing for time/cash? — ¿cómo or qué tal vamos or andamos de tiempo/dinero?

she did well/badly in her exams — le fue bien/mal en los exámenes

to do well/badly out of something — salir* bien/mal parado de algo

3) (go on, happen) (colloq) (in -ing form)

4)

a) (be suitable, acceptable)

look, this won’t do! — mira, esto no puede ser!

it’s not ideal, but it’ll do — no es lo ideal, pero sirve

I’m not going to cook, bread and cheese will do for them! — no pienso cocinar, se tendrán que conformar con pan y queso

b)

to do for o as something: this box will do for o as a table — esta caja nos servirá de mesa

5) ( be enough) ser* suficiente, alcanzar*, bastar

6) ( finish) (in past p) terminar

I’m not o (BrE) I haven’t done yet! — no he terminado todavía

7)

3.

2)

I did not o didn’t see her — no la vi

3)

a)

Ex:

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

boy, do you need a bath! — Dios mío! qué falta te hace un baño!

/Ex:

4)

a)

Ex:

you must admit, she did look ill — tienes que reconocer que tenía mala cara

/Ex:

b)

Ex:

I haven’t decided, but if I do accept… — todavía no lo he decidido, pero si aceptara…

/Ex:

not only does it cost more, it also… — no sólo cuesta más, sino que también…

5)

Ex:

do you live here? — yes, I do/no, I don’t — ¿vives aquí? — sí/no

she wanted to come, but he didn’t — ella quería venir, pero él no

she found it in your drawer — oh, did she? — lo encontró en tu cajón — ¿ah, sí?

I don’t need a haircut — yes, you do! — no necesito cortarme el pelo — cómo que no!

she says she understands, but she doesn’t — dice que comprende, pero no es así

/Ex:

6)

Ex:

you know Bob, don’t you? — conoces a Bob, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?

I told you, didn’t I? — te lo dije ¿no? or ¿no es cierto?

/Ex:

I, Charles Brown, do solemnly swear that… — yo, Charles Brown, juro solemnemente que…

•

Phrasal Verbs:

II [duː]

fair dos all round — a partes iguales para todos; (as interj) seamos justos!

3)

III [dəʊ]

Adv.

1. Intensität, Ausmaß etc.: just as; ich habe ihn ebenso gern wie du / dich I like him just ( oder every bit) as much as you (do) / as (I do) you; es ist ebenso voll wie gestern it’s (just) as full as it was yesterday; er ist ebenso fleißig wie hilfreich he’s as hard-working as he is helpful

* * *

as well; just as; alike; like this; that way; equally

* * *

eben|so [‘eːbnzoː]

adv

just as; as well

das kann doch ébenso eine Frau machen — a woman can do that just as well

die Geschäfte sind geschlossen, ébenso alle Büros — the shops are closed, as are all the offices

viele Leute haben sich ébenso wie wir beschwert — a lot of people complained just like we did or just as we did or just like us

er freute sich ébenso wie ich — he was just as pleased as I was

er hat ein ébenso großes Zimmer wie wir — he has just as big a room as we have

ich mag sie ébenso gern — I like her just as much, I like her equally well

ich esse ébenso gern Reis — I like rice just as much, I’d just as soon eat rice

ich komme ébenso gern morgen — I’d just as soon come tomorrow

ébenso gut — (just) as well

ich kann ébenso gut Französisch wie Italienisch — I can speak French (just) as well as I can speak Italian, my French is (just) as good as my Italian

ébenso lang — just as long

ébenso oft or häufig — just as often or frequently

ébenso sehr — just as much

ébenso wenig — just as little

ébenso wenig, wie man dies sagen kann, kann man behaupten,… — there is just as little ground for saying this as for claiming…

ébenso viel — just as much

* * *

likewise

* * *

eben·so

[ˈe:bn̩zo:]

ich habe eine ebenso schöne Wohnung I have just as nice a flat

ebenso gern just as well/much

meinen Vater mag ich ebenso gern wie meine Mutter I like my father just as much as my mother

ebenso gut [just] as well

ich kann ebenso gut darauf verzichten I can just as well go without it

ebenso lang[e] just as long

ebenso oft just as frequently [or often]

ebenso sehr just as much

ich habe dich ebenso sehr lieb wie du mich I’m just as much fond of you as you are of me

ebenso viel just as much

ebenso wenig:

das ist ebenso wenig angebracht this is just as inappropriate

2. (auch) also, likewise, as well

die Geschäfte sind geschlossen, ebenso alle Kinos the shops are closed, as are all the cinemas

diese Waschmaschine ist ebenso zu teuer that washing machine is too expensive as well

* * *

Adverb

1) mit Adjektiven u. Adverbien, Indefinitpromina just as

ebenso groß wie… sein — be just as big as…

ebenso gern mag ich Erdbeeren [wie…] — I like strawberries just as much [as…]

* * *

1. Intensität, Ausmaß etc: just as;

ich habe ihn ebenso gern wie du/dich I like him just ( oder every bit) as much as you (do)/as (I do) you;

2. Art: (in) the same way;

* * *

Adverb

1) mit Adjektiven u. Adverbien, Indefinitpromina just as

ebenso groß wie… sein — be just as big as…

ebenso gern mag ich Erdbeeren [wie…] — I like strawberries just as much [as…]

* * *

adj.

alike adj. adv.

also adv.

equally adv.

just as expr.

likewise adv.

I [duː]
does

3rd pers sg pres

did

pt

done

pp

1)

2)

DO tell me! — su, dimmelo!

I DO wish I could… — magari potessi…

3)

so does he — anche lui

4)

I don’t know him, do I? — non lo conosco, vero?

5)

who made this mess? — I did — chi ha fatto questo disordine? — io!, sono stato io!

1) gen) fare

I’ll do all I can — farò tutto il possibile

well done! — bravo!, benissimo!

what are you doing tonight? — che fai stasera?

what does he do for a living? — cosa fa per vivere?

what am I to do with you? — dimmi tu come devo fare con te!

what’s to be done? — che fare?

what’s done cannot be undone — quello che è fatto è fatto

2)

this room needs doing — questa stanza è ancora da fare

3)

4) fare, visitare

6) fam: be sufficient) bastare, andar bene

fam: cheat) imbrogliare, farla a, ripulire

how do you like your steak done? — come preferisci la bistecca?

well done — ben cotto (-a)

do as I do — fai come me, fai come faccio io

he did well to take your advice — ha fatto bene a seguire il tuo consiglio

2) andare

she did well at university — era molto brava all’università

3)

this room will do — questa stanza va bene

will £5 do? — bastano or vanno bene 5 sterline?;

2)

•

II [dəʊ]

n

f.

¡qué forma de llover! it’s absolutely pouring down!

de cualquier forma, de todas formas anyway, in any case

forma de ser: es su forma de ser that’s just the way he is

3 form.

6 form (formulario). (Mexican Spanish)

7 kind, form.

8 aspect, semblance, appearance.

9 cast.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: formar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: formar.

* * *

1 (modales) manners, social conventions

* * *

1) form, shape

2) manner, way

•

* * *

SF

1) shape

2) way

queremos controlar los costes y, de esta forma, evitar reducir la plantilla — we want to bring down costs and thus avoid having to downsize

forma de ser, es mi forma de ser — that’s how I am, that’s the way I am

3)

el número de socios fue creciendo cada año, de forma que en 1989 eran ya varios miles — the number of members grew every year, so that o such that by 1989 there were several thousand

su padre era italiano y su madre polaca, de tal forma que él siempre se ha sentido europeo — his father was Italian and his mother Polish, so (that) he has always felt himself to be European

4) : forma física) fitness, form

5) form

es pura forma — it’s just for the sake of form, it’s a mere formality

10) (Ling) form

11) (Tip) format

*

MANERA, FORMA, MODO

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (contorno, apariencia) shape

b) (tipo, modalidad) form

2) (Lit) (de una novela, obra) form; (Fil) form

3) (Ling) form

4) (Dep, Med)

estar/mantenerse en forma — to be/keep fit

5) (manera, modo) way

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], form, guise, means, mode, shape, way, mould [mold, -USA], shaping, complexion, manner, fashion.

Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex. It is under the chosen form of heading that the catalogue entry for a particular document is filed and hence located.

Ex. In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex. The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex. Various modes of operation are possible for such a journal, and the precise operation will depend upon the type of information being conveyed.

Ex. If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.

Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex. The two moulds, which were twins, were oblong wire sieves mounted on wooden frames, and the deckle was a removable wooden rim which could be fitted to either mould to make it into a tray-like sieve with a raised edge.

Ex. The process of shaping the scientific and technical propaganda into a legitimate specialisation is described.

Ex. These documents contain the Commission’s sentiments on how policy should be evolved in particular sectors and what complexion it should take = Estos documentos contienen el sentir de la Comisión de cómo debería desarrollarse la política en sectores concretos y qué cariz debería tomar.

Ex. City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community’s resources in a manner which will best achieve the community’s specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex. It was on the tip of his tongue to say: ‘Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?’ But he discreetly forbore.

—-

* acabar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* actuar de forma negligente = be remiss.

* adoptar forma = take + shape.

* adoptar la forma de = take + form, take + the form of, come in + the form of.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* asumir una forma = assume + form.

* buena forma física = fitness, physical fitness.

* buscar la forma de = look for + ways to.

* buscar la forma de + Infinitivo = develop + way of + Gerundio.

* buscar una forma de hacer (algo) = develop + way + to make + Nombre.

* caer en forma de cascada = cascade.

* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* catálogo en forma de libro = bookform catalogue, book catalogue.

* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.

* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.

* dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.

* dar forma = become + cast, give + shape, shape, mould [mold, -USA], inform.

* dar nueva forma = reformat [re-format].

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, appropriately.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma inesperada = like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.

* describir de forma general = outline.

* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.

* de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.

* de una forma + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + manner.

* de una forma deplorable = execrably.

* de una forma fácil = easily.

* de una forma hábil = skilfully [skillfully, -USA].

* de una forma rápida = quickly.

* de una forma relativamente + Nombre = relatively + Adverbio.

* de una forma simple = in a simple manner, simply.

* de una forma u otra = in some form or other, in one way or another, one way or another, in one form or another.

* dispuesto de forma uniforme = regimented.

* encontrar la forma de = devise + ways.

* en forma = fit [fitter -comp., fittest -sup.], toned.

* en forma de = in the form of, in the shape of.

* en forma de arco = arched, bowed.

* en forma de cúpula = dome-shaped, domed.

* en forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* en plena forma = in peak condition, in tip-top form, in tip-top condition.

* entintar la forma = beat + the forme.

* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.

* forma de comportamiento = mode of behaviour, way of conduct.

* forma de conducta = mode of conduct, way of conduct.

* forma de conseguir algo = lever.

* forma de evitar Algo = way round + Algo.

* forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.

* forma de evitar un problema = way round + problem.

* forma de expresión = way of expression, mode of expression.

* forma de impresión = composing frame, forme, plate, frame.

* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.

* forma de pensar = thinking, belief system, set of opinions, mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* forma de trabajar = working practice, work practice, business model.

* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.

* forma física = physical form, physical condition, physical shape.

* forma geométrica = geometric shape, geometric pattern.

* forma impresa = hard copy [hardcopy].

* forma para papel verjurado = laid mould.

* ganar de forma abrumadora = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.

* ganar de forma aplastante = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down, win by + a landslide.

* ganar de forma arrolladora = win by + a landslide.

* guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.

* indicar las formas (de/en que) = point to + ways (of/in which).

* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.

* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).

* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.

* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.

* no haber forma de = there + be + no way.

* ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* participar de forma activa = involve.

* participar de forma activa en = engage in.

* participar de una forma activa = become + involved.

* pensar de forma creativa = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* ponerse en forma = get + fit.

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.

* red en forma de estrella = star network [star-network].

* sentirse en plena forma = feel + tip-top.

* ser mirado de forma extraña = get + some funny looks.

* ser una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* sin forma = bodilessly, formless.

* sugerir la forma de = suggest + way in which.

* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.

* terminar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* tomar forma = take + form, take + shape, assume + form, shape up.

* volver a dar forma = reshape [re-shape].

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (contorno, apariencia) shape

b) (tipo, modalidad) form

2) (Lit) (de una novela, obra) form; (Fil) form

3) (Ling) form

4) (Dep, Med)

estar/mantenerse en forma — to be/keep fit

5) (manera, modo) way

* * *

= approach [approaches, -pl.], form, guise, means, mode, shape, way, mould [mold, -USA], shaping, complexion, manner, fashion.

Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

Ex: It is under the chosen form of heading that the catalogue entry for a particular document is filed and hence located.

Ex: In various guises, the basic concepts have found application in the design of a number of special classification schemes.

Ex: The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.

Ex: Various modes of operation are possible for such a journal, and the precise operation will depend upon the type of information being conveyed.

Ex: If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.

Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex: The two moulds, which were twins, were oblong wire sieves mounted on wooden frames, and the deckle was a removable wooden rim which could be fitted to either mould to make it into a tray-like sieve with a raised edge.

Ex: The process of shaping the scientific and technical propaganda into a legitimate specialisation is described.

Ex: These documents contain the Commission’s sentiments on how policy should be evolved in particular sectors and what complexion it should take = Estos documentos contienen el sentir de la Comisión de cómo debería desarrollarse la política en sectores concretos y qué cariz debería tomar.

Ex: City planning is a body of techniques and theories for co-ordinative decision-making which tries to distribute the community’s resources in a manner which will best achieve the community’s specific goals, whatever they may be = El urbanismo es un conjunto de técnicas y teorías para la toma coordinada de decisiones que intenta distribuir los recursos de la comunidad de tal forma que se consigan mejor los objetivos específicos de ésta, sean cuales sean.

Ex: It was on the tip of his tongue to say: ‘Must you speak to me in this uncivilized fashion?’ But he discreetly forbore.

* acabar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* actuar de forma negligente = be remiss.

* adoptar forma = take + shape.

* adoptar la forma de = take + form, take + the form of, come in + the form of.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* asumir una forma = assume + form.

* botón en forma de palo = toggle fastener.

* buena forma física = fitness, physical fitness.

* buscar la forma de = look for + ways to.

* buscar la forma de + Infinitivo = develop + way of + Gerundio.

* buscar una forma de hacer (algo) = develop + way + to make + Nombre.

* caer en forma de cascada = cascade.

* cambiar de forma = shape-shift.

* cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* catálogo encuadernado en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de álbum = guard (book) catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de libro = bookform catalogue, book catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de libro encuadernado = bound book form catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de listado = computer print-out catalogue.

* catálogo en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form catalogue.

* catálogo impreso en forma de libro = printed book catalogue.

* como forma de vida = as a way of life.

* como una forma de = as a means of.

* concepto de forma = form concept.

* con forma de castillo = castellated.

* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* con forma de pelo = hair-like.

* con forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.

* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.

* con forma de U = U-shaped.

* con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.

* dar forma = become + cast, give + shape, shape, mould [mold, -USA], inform.

* dar nueva forma = reformat [re-format].

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complementaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma regular = regularly.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.

* de la otra forma = the other way (a)round.

* de muchas formas = in more ways than one.

* de ninguna forma = in any way at all.

* de ninguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de nuevas formas = in new ways.

* de otra forma = in any other way.

* describir de forma general = outline.

* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.

* de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.

* de todas las formas posibles = in any and all ways.

* de una forma = in a fashion.

* de una forma + Adjetivo = in + Adjetivo + manner.

* de una forma ambigua = ambiguously.

* de una forma brillante = brilliantly.

* de una forma deplorable = execrably.

* de una forma fácil = easily.

* de una forma hábil = skilfully [skillfully, -USA].

* de una forma intangible = intangibly.

* de una forma lógica = logically.

* de una forma monstruosa = monstrously.

* de una forma organizada = in an organised fashion.

* de una forma rápida = quickly.

* de una forma relativamente + Nombre = relatively + Adverbio.

* de una forma simple = in a simple manner, simply.

* de una forma tautológica = tautologically.

* de una forma u otra = in some form or other, in one way or another, one way or another, in one form or another.

* de una nueva forma = in a new way.

* dispuesto de forma uniforme = regimented.

* división de forma = form division.

* edificio en forma de cubo = cubic building.

* en buena forma = in good nick.

* encabezamiento de forma = form heading.

* encontrar la forma de = devise + ways.

* en forma = fit [fitter -comp., fittest -sup.], toned.

* en forma de = in the form of, in the shape of.

* en forma de A = A-shaped.

* en forma de arco = arched, bowed.

* en forma de capa = cape-like.

* en forma de cruz = cross-shaped.

* en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.

* en forma de cuña = wedge-shaped.

* en forma de cúpula = dome-shaped, domed.

* en forma de D = d-shaped.

* en forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* en forma de libro = in book form.

* en forma de medialuna = crescent-shaped.

* en forma de parásito = parasitically.

* en forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* en forma de pirámide = pyramidal-shaped.

* en forma de trompeta = trumpet-shaped.

* en forma de U = U-shaped.

* en forma de V = V-shaped.

* en forma física = physically fit.

* en forma física y mental = physically and mentally fit.

* en forma ovalada = oval-shaped.

* en forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* en mala forma = in bad nick.

* en plena forma = in peak condition, in tip-top form, in tip-top condition.

* en su forma más básica = at its most basic.

* entintar la forma = beat + the forme.

* entrada de forma = form entry.

* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.

* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.

* faceta de forma = Form facet.

* forma adjetival = adjectival form.

* forma artística = art form.

* forma de actuar = discourse.

* forma de comportamiento = mode of behaviour, way of conduct.

* forma de conducta = mode of conduct, way of conduct.

* forma de conseguir algo = lever.

* forma de doble fondo = double-faced mould.

* forma de escribir = writing style.

* forma de evitar Algo = way round + Algo.

* forma de evitar una dificultad = way (a)round + difficulty.

* forma de evitar un problema = way round + problem.

* forma de expresión = way of expression, mode of expression.

* forma de funcionar = business model.

* forma de hablar = manner of speaking.

* forma de hacer papel = paper mould.

* forma de impresión = composing frame, forme, plate, frame.

* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.

* forma de pago = form of payment.

* forma de papel vitela = wove mould.

* forma de pensar = thinking, belief system, set of opinions, mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* forma de presentación = form of presentation.

* forma de trabajar = working practice, work practice, business model.

* forma de un solo fondo = single-faced mould.

* forma de un solo fondo para papel verjurado = single-faced laid mould.

* forma de ver las cosas = way of putting things together, bent of mind.

* forma de vida = way of life.

* forma excelente = commanding form.

* forma física = physical form, physical condition, physical shape.

* forma flexionada = inflected form.

* forma geométrica = geometric shape, geometric pattern.

* forma impresa = hard copy [hardcopy].

* forma intelectual = intellectual form.

* forma manual = hand mould.

* forma nominal = noun form.

* forma para papel verjurado = laid mould.

* ganar de forma abrumadora = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.

* ganar de forma aplastante = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down, win by + a landslide.

* ganar de forma arrolladora = win by + a landslide.

* guardar las formas = keep up + appearances.

* indicar las formas (de/en que) = point to + ways (of/in which).

* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.

* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).

* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.

* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.

* no haber forma de = there + be + no way.

* no hay forma de que = for the life of me.

* ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* orientado hacia la forma = form-oriented.

* participar de forma activa = involve.

* participar de forma activa en = engage in.

* participar de una forma activa = become + involved.

* pensar de forma creativa = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* poner en forma = buff up.

* ponerse en forma = get + fit.

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* por la forma = by the way.

* presentar en forma de tabla = tabulate.

* red en forma de estrella = star network [star-network].

* sentirse en plena forma = feel + tip-top.

* ser la forma abreviada de = be short for.

* ser la forma de = be a recipe for.

* ser mirado de forma extraña = get + some funny looks.

* ser una forma de = provide + a way of/to.

* sin forma = bodilessly, formless.

* sugerir la forma de = suggest + way in which.

* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.

* terminar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* tomar forma = take + form, take + shape, assume + form, shape up.

* una buena forma de empezar = a good way to start.

* volver a dar forma = reshape [re-shape].

* * *

A

1 (contorno, apariencia) shape

la escultura/el proyecto está empezando a tomar forma the sculpture/plan is beginning to take shape

2 (tipo, modalidad) form

B

1 ( Lit) (de una novela, obra) form

3 ( Fil) form

estar/mantenerse en forma to be/keep fit

E (manera, modo) way

¡qué forma de gritar, ni que estuviese sorda! there’s no need to shout, I’m not deaf!

Compuesto:

form o method of payment

en público siempre guardan or cubren las formas they always keep up appearances in public

* * *

 

Del verbo formar: ( conjugate formar)

forma es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:

forma    
formar

forma sustantivo femenino

1

a) (contorno, apariencia) shape;

tiene la forma de un platillo it’s the shape of a saucer;

dar forma a algo ( al barro) to shape sth;

( a proyecto) to give shape to sth

b) (tipo, modalidad) form;

forma de pago form o method of payment

2 (Dep, Med):

está en baja forma he’s not on form;

en plena forma on top form;

en forma: nos divertimos en forma we had a really good time

3 (manera, modo) way;

¡vaya forma de conducir! what a way to drive!;

forma de vida way of life;

de forma distinta differently;

de cualquier forma or de todas formas anyway, in any case

4

◊ formas sustantivo femenino plural

5 (Méx) ( formulario) form

formar ( conjugate formar) verbo transitivo

1

‹asociación/gobierno› to form, set up;

‹ barricada› to set up;

◊ ¡formen parejas! ( en clase) get into pairs o twos!;

( en baile) take your partners!

c) (Mil) ‹ tropas› to have … fall in

2 ( componer) to make up;

forma parte de algo to be part of sth, to belong to sth

3 ‹carácter/espíritu› to form, shape

4 ( educar) to bring up;

( para trabajo) to train

verbo intransitivo (Mil) to fall in

formarse verbo pronominal

1

a) (hacerse, crearse) [grupo/organismo] to form;

2 ( educarse) to be educated;

( para trabajo) to be trained

forma sustantivo femenino

1 form, shape: una vasija en forma de campana, a bell-shaped vessel

2 (modo) way: hazlo de otra forma do it another way

no hay forma de probarlo, there’s no way to prove it

forma de pago, method of payment

3 Dep form: está en baja forma, she’s off form

me mantengo en forma, I keep fit 4 formas, (modales) manners

guardar las formas, to keep up appearances

♦ Locuciones: de forma que, so that

de todas formas, anyway, in any case

formar verbo transitivo

1 to form

2 (criar) to bring up

(instruir) to educate, train

‘ forma‘ also found in these entries:

Spanish:

A
— acento
— aerodinámica
— aerodinámico
— amorfa
— amorfo
— anacrónica
— anacrónico
— borla
— cerrada
— cerrado
— circular
— congruente
— cónica
— cónico
— corpórea
— corpóreo
— defraudar
— diferente
— ser
— escribano
— estrafalaria
— estrafalario
— estrechamiento
— estrellada
— estrellado
— formalmente
— herida
— histriónica
— histriónico
— imitar
— inicua
— inicuo
— ladrón
— ladrona
— mercenaria
— mercenario
— modo
— óptica
— oscurecer
— pequeña
— pequeño
— política
— redonda
— redondo
— sambenito
— tallar
— tela
— tener
— Tiro

English:

A
— agenda
— agree
— alternately
— amusing
— an
— and
— angular
— anyhow
— arrange
— as
— attuned to
— be
— begin
— best
— blend
— circle
— crescent
— cupcake
— day
— deny
— diamond
— disgusting
— do
— enjoy
— expect
— expedient
— faint
— figure
— fish
— fit
— fitness
— form
— freeware
— from
— go
— heart-shaped
— hexagon
— jelly baby
— jelly bean
— Jerkily
— keep
— kidney shaped
— lack
— lie
— manner
— mister
— must
— parcel
— pear-shaped

* * *

shape, form;

¿qué forma tiene? what shape is it?;

way, manner;

lo siento, es mi forma de ser I’m sorry, that’s just the way I am that’s just my way;

¡qué forma de llover! it’s absolutely pouring down!;

de cualquier forma, de todas formas anyway, in any case;

si lo hacemos de esta forma, acabaremos antes if we do it this way, we’ll finish earlier;

viajaremos en segunda, de esta forma recortaremos gastos we can travel second class, that way we’ll keep the cost down;

han organizado las conferencias de forma que haya diez minutos de intervalo entre ellas they’ve arranged the speeches in such a way that there’s a ten-minute break between each one;

llegaremos a las ocho, de forma que podamos comenzar temprano we’ll be there by eight so (that) we can start early;

forma de pago method of payment

form;

fitness;

estar en baja/plena forma to be in poor/top shape;

mantenerse/ponerse en forma to keep/get fit

forma física physical fitness;

form;

estar en baja/plena forma to be off form/on top form

mould

form;

form

* * *

f

1 form

de alguna forma, en cierta forma in a way;

no hay forma de que coma/estudie nothing will make him eat/study, it’s impossible to get him to eat/study

4

:

5

:

* * *

form, shape

manner, way

fitness

estar en forma: to be fit, to be in shape

appearances, conventions

* * *

* * *

1 (in minor quantità o grado) less; not so… (as); not as… (as): dovresti lavorare (di) meno e riposare di più, you should work less and rest more; il viaggio di ritorno mi è sembrato meno lungo, the journey back didn’t seem so long (to me); quest’anno ha piovuto (di) meno, it hasn’t rained so much this year; non per questo è meno intelligente, he is no less intelligent for that // più o meno, poco più poco meno, more or less // chi più chi meno, more or less (o some more some less): tutti hanno contribuito, chi più chi meno, al buon esito dell’iniziativa, everyone more or less contributed to the success of the venture (o everyone contributed to the success of the venture, some more some less) // né più né meno, just, exactly: gli ho detto né più né meno come la pensavo, I told him just (o exactly) how I felt about it; le cose sono andate né più né meno così, that’s exactly what happened

2 (nel compar. di minoranza) less… (than); not so… (as), not as… (as): l’argento è meno prezioso dell’oro, silver is less precious than gold (o silver isn’t as precious as gold); lui non è meno studioso di te, he studies just as much as you do (o he studies no less than you do); oggi è meno freddo di ieri, it isn’t as cold today as it was yesterday (form. it is less cold than yesterday); il traffico era meno intenso del solito, the traffic wasn’t as heavy as usual (o was less heavy than usual); è andata meno bene del previsto, it didn’t go as well as expected

3 (correl.) (quanto) meno… (tanto) meno: the less… the less: meno si lavora, meno si lavorerebbe, the less you work, the less you feel like working; meno studi, meno impari, the less you study, the less you learn

4 (nel superl. di minoranza) the least; (fra due) the less: tra tutte le conferenze, questa è stata la meno interessante, of all the lectures, this was the least interesting; la meno preparata delle due squadre, the less fit of the (two) teams; ho intenzione di scegliere la macchina che costa meno, I’m going to choose the car that costs the least (o the cheapest car); cerca di affaticarti il meno possibile, try to tire yourself as little as possible

5 (con valore di no) not: fammi sapere se verrai o meno, let me know whether or not you’re coming; mi domando se valga la pena o meno di accettare, I wonder whether or not it’s worth accepting; mi hanno accreditato mille euro, meno le spese bancarie, my account was credited with one thousand euros, minus bank charges

6 (mat.) minus: sette meno tre è uguale a quattro, seven minus three is four (o three from seven leaves four) // la temperatura è meno due, the temperature is two degrees below zero // ci sono cinque euro in meno, di meno, (mancano cinque euro) there’s five euros missing; ho speso dieci euro in meno, I spent ten euros less; uno di meno!, one less!; non eravamo in meno di otto, there were no less than eight of us // se avessi vent’anni di meno!, if only I were twenty years younger! // sono le otto meno cinque, it’s five to eight

◆ prep. (tranne) but, except: c’erano tutti meno loro, everyone was there except (o but) them; il museo è aperto tutti i giorni meno il lunedì, the museum is open every day but (o except) Monday; ho pensato a tutto meno che a fare i biglietti, I saw to everything except the tickets.

meno agg.compar.invar. less; not so much, not as much; (con s. pl.) fewer; not so many, not as many: c’è meno traffico sulle strade rispetto a ieri, there’s less traffic on the roads than yesterday (o there isn’t as much traffic on the roads as yesterday); oggi c’è meno gente in giro, there are fewer people (o there aren’t so many people) about today; se prendi l’autostrada impiegherai meno tempo, it will take you less time (o it won’t take you so long) if you use the motorway; c’erano meno italiani e più stranieri, there were fewer Italians and more foreigners; ha meno amici che nemici, he has fewer friends than enemies; loro hanno meno preoccupazioni di noi, they have fewer worries than we have (o they haven’t so many worries as we have); questa volta hai fatto meno errori, this time you made fewer mistakes (o you didn’t make so many mistakes) // meno storie!, stop making a fuss! // meno male, thank goodness; just as well; it’s a good job (o a good thing); not so bad: meno male che non si è fatto niente, thank goodness he wasn’t hurt; meno male che siete arrivati in tempo, it’s a good job you arrived in time; meno male, poteva andar peggio!, not so bad, things could have been worse!

◆ s.m.

1 (con valore di compar.) less, not as much: ho fatto meno di quanto avrei voluto, I did less than (o I didn’t do as much as) I would have liked; ha mangiato meno del solito, he ate less than usual (o he didn’t eat as much as usual); meno di così non si poteva dare, you couldn’t give less than that; si accontenterebbe di molto meno, he would be satisfied with much less; oggi ho dovuto aspettare molto meno, today I didn’t have nearly so long to wait (o I had much less to wait); ci vorranno non meno di tre ore per arrivare, it will take no less than three hours to get there; finirò il lavoro in meno di un mese, I shall finish the job in less than a month; arriverà tra non meno di due settimane, he won’t be here for a fortnight // a meno, per meno, (a minor prezzo) for less (o cheaper): vendere, acquistare per meno, to sell, to purchase for less // in men che non si dica, in less than no time

2 (con valore di superl.) the least; as little as: questo è il meno che tu possa fare, that’s the least you can do; era il meno che gli potesse capitare, it was the least that could happen to him; vorrei spendere il meno possibile, I’d like to spend as little as possible // parlare del più e del meno, to talk of this and that // quando meno ci si pensa…, when you least expect…

3 (mat.) minus: il segno del meno, the minus sign

4 pl.: i meno, (la minoranza) the minority; i deputati che votarono a favore della proposta di legge erano i meno, the MP s who voted in favour of the bill were in the minority.

* * *

[‘meno]

meno caro — less expensive, cheaper

è meno alto di suo fratello/di quel che pensavo — he is not as tall as his brother/as I thought, he is less tall than his brother/than I thought

dovresti mangiare meno — you should eat less, you shouldn’t eat so much

meno ne discutiamo, meglio è — the less we talk about it, the better

deve avere non meno di trent’anni — he must be at least thirty

meno fumo più mangio — the less I smoke the more I eat

ho speso (di) meno — I spent less

arrivo tra meno di un’ora — I’ll be there in less than o in under an hour

5 meno 2 — 5 minus 2, 5 take away 2

eh, se avessi dieci anni di meno! — oh, if only I were ten years younger!

ci sono meno 25° — it’s minus 25°, it is 25° below (zero)

4)

fare a meno di — to do o manage without

potresti fare a meno di fumare in macchina? — would you mind not smoking in the car?

in men che non si dica — in less than no time, quick as a flash

meno male! — good!, thank goodness!, just as well!

meno male che sei arrivato — it’s a good job that you have come

men che meno gli inglesi — least of all the English

quanto meno poteva avvertire — he could at least have let us know

less, fewer

meno bambini ci sono, meglio è — the fewer children there are the better

1)

era il meno che ti potesse capitare — you were asking for it

except (for)

a meno che non faccia caldo — unless it is hot

a meno di prendere un giorno di ferie — unless I (o you ecc) take a day off

ci siamo tutti meno lui — we are all here except (for) him

tutti meno uno — all but one

* * *

[‘meno]
1.

avverbio

guadagno meno di lei — I earn less than she does, I don’t earn as much as she does

meno se ne parla, meglio è — the less said about that, the better

meno esco, meno ho voglia di uscire — the less I go out, the less I feel like going out

(il) meno, (la) meno, (i) meno, (le) meno — the least

6) (in correlazione con «più»)

né più, né meno — neither more, nor less

centimetro più, centimetro meno — give or take an inch (or two)

14) quanto meno, per lo meno at least

non l’ho mai visto, tanto meno gli ho parlato — I’ve never seen him, much less spoken to him

era troppo malata per stare in piedi, tanto meno per camminare — she was too ill to stand let alone walk

16) più o meno more or less, about, roughly, round about

«ti è piaciuto il film?» — «più o meno» — «did you enjoy the film?» — «sort of»

2.

invariabile

3.

preposizione

20 meno 5 fa 15 — 5 from 20 leaves 15, 20 minus 5 is 15, 20 take away 5 is 15

2) (tranne, eccetto) but, besides, except

4.

maschile invariabile

1) (la cosa, quantità minore) least

••

in men che non si dica — before you could say knife, in the bat o wink of an eye, in (less than) no time

••

Note:

Meno è usato principalmente come avverbio e come aggettivo, anche con valore pronominale. — Come avverbio, si rende con less quando introduce un comparativo di minoranza e con (the) least quando introduce un superlativo di minoranza: less è seguito da than, the least è seguito da of oppure in (se ci si riferisce a un luogo o un gruppo). Gli esempi nella voce mostrano anche che il comparativo di minoranza è spesso sostituito in inglese dalla variante negativa di un comparativo di uguaglianza: ho meno esperienza di te = I have less experience than you, oppure: I don’t have as much experience as you; la mia stanza è meno grande della tua = my bedroom isn’t as big as yours. — Come aggettivo, in inglese standard meno si traduce con less davanti e al posto di sostantivi non numerabili ( meno denaro = less money; ne ho meno di ieri = I have less than yesterday), mentre davanti e al posto di sostantivi plurali si usa fewer con valore comparativo ( meno studenti = fewer students; non meno di = no fewer than) e (the) fewest con valore superlativo ( ho fatto meno errori di tutti = I made the fewest mistakes; ne ha dati meno di tutti = he gave the fewest); tuttavia, nel linguaggio parlato less tende a sostituire fewer anche con riferimento plurale: meno persone = less people. — Per altri esempi e per l’uso di meno come preposizione e sostantivo, si veda la voce qui sotto

* * *

meno

/’meno/

Meno è usato principalmente come avverbio e come aggettivo, anche con valore pronominale. — Come avverbio, si rende con less quando introduce un comparativo di minoranza e con (the) least quando introduce un superlativo di minoranza: less è seguito da than, the least è seguito da of oppure in (se ci si riferisce a un luogo o un gruppo). Gli esempi nella voce mostrano anche che il comparativo di minoranza è spesso sostituito in inglese dalla variante negativa di un comparativo di uguaglianza: ho meno esperienza di te = I have less experience than you, oppure: I don’t have as much experience as you; la mia stanza è meno grande della tua = my bedroom isn’t as big as yours. — Come aggettivo, in inglese standard meno si traduce con less davanti e al posto di sostantivi non numerabili ( meno denaro = less money; ne ho meno di ieri = I have less than yesterday), mentre davanti e al posto di sostantivi plurali si usa fewer con valore comparativo ( meno studenti = fewer students; non meno di = no fewer than) e (the) fewest con valore superlativo ( ho fatto meno errori di tutti = I made the fewest mistakes; ne ha dati meno di tutti = he gave the fewest); tuttavia, nel linguaggio parlato less tende a sostituire fewer anche con riferimento plurale: meno persone = less people. — Per altri esempi e per l’uso di meno come preposizione e sostantivo, si veda la voce qui sotto.

6 (in correlazione con «più») né più, né meno neither more, nor less; centimetro più, centimetro meno give or take an inch (or two); né più né meno che nothing less than

13 meno male thank goodness; meno male che it’s a good thing that; meno male che è impermeabile! it’s just as well it’s waterproof! meno male che ci sono andato! it was lucky for me that I went!

14 quanto meno, per lo meno at least

15 tanto meno non l’ho mai visto, tanto meno gli ho parlato I’ve never seen him, much less spoken to him; era troppo malata per stare in piedi, tanto meno per camminare she was too ill to stand let alone walk

1 (in una sottrazione) from, minus; quanto fa 20 meno 8? what is 20 minus 8? 20 meno 5 fa 15 5 from 20 leaves 15, 20 minus 5 is 15, 20 take away 5 is 15

2 (tranne, eccetto) but, besides, except

IV m.inv.

2 mat. minus (sign)