radio broadcast — перевод на русский
/ˈreɪdɪəʊ ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/
Radio broadcasts, leaflets, things like that.
Радиотрансляции, листовки, таки штуки.
You think Iraqi insurgents came to New Orleans to get revenge for classified radio broadcasts?
Думаете, иракские повстанцы приехали в Новый Орлеан, чтобы отомстить за засекреченные радиотрансляции?
This is the very first radio broadcasting of a sports event please have understanding if there are any difficulties.
Он чуть не в облака улетел. Ещё раз напоминаю, это первая радиотрансляция спортивного события. Надеемся на ваше понимание, если возникнут непредвиденные проблемы.
Radio broadcasts.
Радиотрансляцию.
We’ve got all the major networks, over a dozen live radio broadcasts and reporters from newspapers all waiting for the next shoe to drop.
У нас все главные сети, более дюжины радиопередач и репортеров из газет как государственный так и бульварных…все ждут, когда же сбудется самый страшный кошмар.
You do know that radio broadcast was a hoax?
А вы знаете, что эта радиопередача — просто шутка?
I’m trying to find a connection between him and a man that he pranked on a recent radio broadcast…
Я пытаюсь найти связь между ним и мужчиной, которого он разыграл на недавней радиопередаче..
Luis Ortega, the announcer we caught, was picking up his radio broadcasts from a drainage pipe that runs from the flats right up to here.
Луис Ортега, диктор, которого мы поймали, брал сценарии радиопередачи из дренажной трубы, которая идет от здешних квартир.
I moved us from the blockade, I set the radio broadcasting and I promised them women.
Я увел их с поста, наладил радио, и пообещал им женщин.
From the somewhat incoherent ravings of a maniac, both interceptions of a clandestine nature and interceptions of an open radio broadcast or whatever, as well as other sources, quotations of his, one can assemble a neatly-put-together package demonstrating that the man had violent interests against the United States and its European allies.
Из каких-то бессвязных бредов маньяка, перехватов подпольного характера перехватов открытого радио или типа того, а также других источников, его цитат, можно собрать аккуратно-сложенный пакет, демонстрирующий агрессивные намерения человека против Соединенных Штатов и их европейских союзников.
Ellen, didn’t you hear the radio broadcast?
Эллен, ты разве не слышала новости по радио?
This is Alak Tarr on Raider Radio broadcasting from the top of the Arch.
С вами Алак Тарр на Рейдер Радио, с верхушки арки.
This is Raider Radio broadcasting from the top of the Arch, riding out the razor rain.
Это Рейдер Радио с верхушки арки. мы благополучно пережили режущий дождь.
This has been an ORTF French radio broadcast.
Это был прямой эфир французского радио ОРТФ.
Also mother, it would be best if the partisan radio broadcast of lullabies is stopped.
И еще. Мама, хватит транслировать колыбельные в партизанской радиосети.
He probably wants to discuss my 1,000th radio broadcast.
Наверно он хочет обсудить 1000-й выпуск моего шоу.
she also thinks there are doctors stationed under the pacific ocean, listening to a radio broadcast of her private conversations.
Она также думает, что есть доктора под Тихим океаном, Слушающие радиопередачи её разговоров.
Then you’ve made your last radio broadcast!
Значит это было в последний раз!
Показать ещё примеры…
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Radio broadcasting is the broadcasting of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radio waves are broadcast by a land-based radio station, while in satellite radio the radio waves are broadcast by a satellite in Earth orbit. To receive the content the listener must have a broadcast radio receiver (radio). Stations are often affiliated with a radio network that provides content in a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast, or both. Radio stations broadcast with several different types of modulation: AM radio stations transmit in AM (amplitude modulation), FM radio stations transmit in FM (frequency modulation), which are older analog audio standards, while newer digital radio stations transmit in several digital audio standards: DAB (digital audio broadcasting), HD radio, DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale). Television broadcasting is a separate service that also uses radio frequencies to broadcast television (video) signals.
History[edit]
Advertisement placed on November 5, 1919, Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant announcing PCGG’s debut broadcast scheduled for the next evening.[1]
The earliest radio stations were radiotelegraphy systems and did not carry audio. For audio broadcasts to be possible, electronic detection and amplification devices had to be incorporated.
The thermionic valve (a kind of vacuum tube) was invented in 1904 by the English physicist John Ambrose Fleming. He developed a device he called an «oscillation valve» (because it passes current in only one direction). The heated filament, or cathode, was capable of thermionic emission of electrons that would flow to the plate (or anode) when it was at a higher voltage. Electrons, however, could not pass in the reverse direction because the plate was not heated and thus not capable of thermionic emission of electrons. Later known as the Fleming valve, it could be used as a rectifier of alternating current and as a radio wave detector.[2] This greatly improved the crystal set which rectified the radio signal using an early solid-state diode based on a crystal and a so-called cat’s whisker. However, what was still required was an amplifier.
The triode (mercury-vapor filled with a control grid) was created on March 4, 1906, by the Austrian Robert von Lieben[3][4][5] independent from that, on October 25, 1906,[6][7] Lee De Forest patented his three-element Audion. It wasn’t put to practical use until 1912 when its amplifying ability became recognized by researchers.[8]
By about 1920, valve technology had matured to the point where radio broadcasting was quickly becoming viable.[9][10] However, an early audio transmission that could be termed a broadcast may have occurred on Christmas Eve in 1906 by Reginald Fessenden, although this is disputed.[11] While many early experimenters attempted to create systems similar to radiotelephone devices by which only two parties were meant to communicate, there were others who intended to transmit to larger audiences. Charles Herrold started broadcasting in California in 1909 and was carrying audio by the next year. (Herrold’s station eventually became KCBS).
In The Hague, the Netherlands, PCGG started broadcasting on November 6, 1919, making it, arguably the first commercial broadcasting station. In 1916, Frank Conrad, an electrical engineer employed at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, began broadcasting from his Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania garage with the call letters 8XK. Later, the station was moved to the top of the Westinghouse factory building in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Westinghouse relaunched the station as KDKA on November 2, 1920, as the first commercially licensed radio station in the United States.[12] The commercial broadcasting designation came from the type of broadcast license; advertisements did not air until years later. The first licensed broadcast in the United States came from KDKA itself: the results of the Harding/Cox Presidential Election. The Montreal station that became CFCF began broadcast programming on May 20, 1920, and the Detroit station that became WWJ began program broadcasts beginning on August 20, 1920, although neither held a license at the time.
In 1920, wireless broadcasts for entertainment began in the UK from the Marconi Research Centre 2MT at Writtle near Chelmsford, England. A famous broadcast from Marconi’s New Street Works factory in Chelmsford was made by the famous soprano Dame Nellie Melba on June 15, 1920, where she sang two arias and her famous trill. She was the first artist of international renown to participate in direct radio broadcasts. The 2MT station began to broadcast regular entertainment in 1922. The BBC was amalgamated in 1922 and received a Royal Charter in 1926, making it the first national broadcaster in the world,[13][14] followed by Czech Radio and other European broadcasters in 1923.
Radio Argentina began regularly scheduled transmissions from the Teatro Coliseo in Buenos Aires on August 27, 1920, making its own priority claim. The station got its license on November 19, 1923. The delay was due to the lack of official Argentine licensing procedures before that date. This station continued regular broadcasting of entertainment and cultural fare for several decades.[15]
Radio in education soon followed and colleges across the U.S. began adding radio broadcasting courses to their curricula. Curry College in Milton, Massachusetts introduced one of the first broadcasting majors in 1932 when the college teamed up with WLOE in Boston to have students broadcast programs.[16] By 1931, a majority of U.S. households owned at least one radio receiver.[17]
Use of a sound broadcasting station
In line to ITU Radio Regulations (article1.61) each broadcasting station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily.
Types[edit]
Transmission diagram of sound broadcasting (AM and FM)
Broadcasting by radio takes several forms. These include AM and FM stations. There are several subtypes, namely commercial broadcasting, non-commercial educational (NCE) public broadcasting and non-profit varieties as well as community radio, student-run campus radio stations, and hospital radio stations can be found throughout the world. Many stations broadcast on shortwave bands using AM technology that can be received over thousands of miles (especially at night). For example, the BBC, VOA, VOR, and Deutsche Welle have transmitted via shortwave to Africa and Asia. These broadcasts are very sensitive to atmospheric conditions and solar activity.
Nielsen Audio, formerly known as Arbitron, the United States-based company that reports on radio audiences, defines a «radio station» as a government-licensed AM or FM station; an HD Radio (primary or multicast) station; an internet stream of an existing government-licensed station; one of the satellite radio channels from XM Satellite Radio or Sirius Satellite Radio; or, potentially, a station that is not government licensed.[18]
AM[edit]
AM broadcasting stations in 2006
AM stations were the earliest broadcasting stations to be developed. AM refers to amplitude modulation, a mode of broadcasting radio waves by varying the amplitude of the carrier signal in response to the amplitude of the signal to be transmitted. The medium-wave band is used worldwide for AM broadcasting. Europe also uses the long wave band. In response to the growing popularity of FM stereo radio stations in the late 1980s and early 1990s, some North American stations began broadcasting in AM stereo, though this never gained popularity and very few receivers were ever sold.
The signal is subject to interference from electrical storms (lightning) and other electromagnetic interference (EMI).[19] One advantage of AM radio signal is that it can be detected (turned into sound) with simple equipment. If a signal is strong enough, not even a power source is needed; building an unpowered crystal radio receiver was a common childhood project in the early decades of AM broadcasting.
AM broadcasts occur on North American airwaves in the medium wave frequency range of 525 to 1,705 kHz (known as the «standard broadcast band»). The band was expanded in the 1990s by adding nine channels from 1,605 to 1,705 kHz. Channels are spaced every 10 kHz in the Americas, and generally every 9 kHz everywhere else.
AM transmissions cannot be ionospheric propagated during the day due to strong absorption in the D-layer of the ionosphere. In a crowded channel environment, this means that the power of regional channels which share a frequency must be reduced at night or directionally beamed in order to avoid interference, which reduces the potential nighttime audience. Some stations have frequencies unshared with other stations in North America; these are called clear-channel stations. Many of them can be heard across much of the country at night. During the night, absorption largely disappears and permits signals to travel to much more distant locations via ionospheric reflections. However, fading of the signal can be severe at night.
AM radio transmitters can transmit audio frequencies up to 15 kHz (now limited to 10 kHz in the US due to FCC rules designed to reduce interference), but most receivers are only capable of reproducing frequencies up to 5 kHz or less. At the time that AM broadcasting began in the 1920s, this provided adequate fidelity for existing microphones, 78 rpm recordings, and loudspeakers. The fidelity of sound equipment subsequently improved considerably, but the receivers did not. Reducing the bandwidth of the receivers reduces the cost of manufacturing and makes them less prone to interference. AM stations are never assigned adjacent channels in the same service area. This prevents the sideband power generated by two stations from interfering with each other.[20] Bob Carver created an AM stereo tuner employing notch filtering that demonstrated that an AM broadcast can meet or exceed the 15 kHz baseband bandwidth allotted to FM stations without objectionable interference. After several years, the tuner was discontinued. Bob Carver had left the company and the Carver Corporation later cut the number of models produced before discontinuing production completely.[citation needed]
As well as on the medium wave bands, amplitude modulation (AM) is also used on the shortwave and long wave bands. Shortwave is used largely for national broadcasters, international propaganda, or religious broadcasting organizations. Shortwave transmissions can have international or inter-continental range depending on atmospheric conditions. [21] Long-wave AM broadcasting occurs in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The ground wave propagation at these frequencies is little affected by daily changes in the ionosphere, so broadcasters need not reduce power at night to avoid interference with other transmitters.
FM[edit]
FM refers to frequency modulation, and occurs on VHF airwaves in the frequency range of 88 to 108 MHz everywhere except Japan and Russia. Russia, like the former Soviet Union, uses 65.9 to 74 MHz frequencies in addition to the world standard. Japan uses the 76 to 90 MHz frequency band.
Edwin Howard Armstrong invented wide-band FM radio in the early 1930s to overcome the problem of radio-frequency interference (RFI), which plagued AM radio reception. At the same time, greater fidelity was made possible by spacing stations further apart in the radio frequency spectrum. Instead of 10 kHz apart, as on the AM band in the US, FM channels are 200 kHz (0.2 MHz) apart. In other countries, greater spacing is sometimes mandatory, such as in New Zealand, which uses 700 kHz spacing (previously 800 kHz). The improved fidelity made available was far in advance of the audio equipment of the 1940s, but wide interchannel spacing was chosen to take advantage of the noise-suppressing feature of wideband FM.
Bandwidth of 200 kHz is not needed to accommodate an audio signal — 20 kHz to 30 kHz is all that is necessary for a narrowband FM signal. The 200 kHz bandwidth allowed room for ±75 kHz signal deviation from the assigned frequency, plus guard bands to reduce or eliminate adjacent channel interference. The larger bandwidth allows for broadcasting a 15 kHz bandwidth audio signal plus a 38 kHz stereo «subcarrier»—a piggyback signal that rides on the main signal. Additional unused capacity is used by some broadcasters to transmit utility functions such as background music for public areas, GPS auxiliary signals, or financial market data.
The AM radio problem of interference at night was addressed in a different way. At the time FM was set up, the available frequencies were far higher in the spectrum than those used for AM radio — by a factor of approximately 100. Using these frequencies meant that even at far higher power, the range of a given FM signal was much shorter; thus its market was more local than for AM radio. The reception range at night is the same as in the daytime. All FM broadcast transmissions are line-of-sight, and ionospheric bounce is not viable. The much larger bandwidths, compared to AM and SSB, are more susceptible to phase dispersion. Propagation speeds are fastest in the ionosphere at the lowest sideband frequency. The celerity difference between the highest and lowest sidebands is quite apparent to the listener. Such distortion occurs up to frequencies of approximately 50 MHz. Higher frequencies do not reflect from the ionosphere, nor from storm clouds. Moon reflections have been used in some experiments, but require impractical power levels.
The original FM radio service in the U.S. was the Yankee Network, located in New England.[22][23][24] Regular FM broadcasting began in 1939 but did not pose a significant threat to the AM broadcasting industry. It required purchase of a special receiver. The frequencies used, 42 to 50 MHz, were not those used today. The change to the current frequencies, 88 to 108 MHz, began after the end of World War II and was to some extent imposed by AM broadcasters as an attempt to cripple what was by now realized to be a potentially serious threat.
FM radio on the new band had to begin from the ground floor. As a commercial venture, it remained a little-used audio enthusiasts’ medium until the 1960s. The more prosperous AM stations, or their owners, acquired FM licenses and often broadcast the same programming on the FM station as on the AM station («simulcasting»). The FCC limited this practice in the 1960s. By the 1980s, since almost all new radios included both AM and FM tuners, FM became the dominant medium, especially in cities. Because of its greater range, AM remained more common in rural environments.
Pirate radio[edit]
Pirate radio is illegal or non-regulated radio transmission. It is most commonly used to describe illegal broadcasting for entertainment or political purposes. Sometimes it is used for illegal two-way radio operation. Its history can be traced back to the unlicensed nature of the transmission, but historically there has been occasional use of sea vessels—fitting the most common perception of a pirate—as broadcasting bases.
Rules and regulations vary largely from country to country, but often the term pirate radio describes the unlicensed broadcast of FM radio, AM radio, or shortwave signals over a wide range. In some places, radio stations are legal where the signal is transmitted, but illegal where the signals are received—especially when the signals cross a national boundary. In other cases, a broadcast may be considered «pirate» due to the type of content, its transmission format, or the transmitting power (wattage) of the station, even if the transmission is not technically illegal (such as a webcast or an amateur radio transmission). Pirate radio stations are sometimes referred to as bootleg radio or clandestine stations.
Terrestrial digital radio[edit]
Digital radio broadcasting has emerged, first in Europe (the UK in 1995 and Germany in 1999), and later in the United States, France, the Netherlands, South Africa, and many other countries worldwide. The simplest system is named DAB Digital Radio, for Digital Audio Broadcasting, and uses the public domain EUREKA 147 (Band III) system. DAB is used mainly in the UK and South Africa. Germany and the Netherlands use the DAB and DAB+ systems, and France uses the L-Band system of DAB Digital Radio.
The broadcasting regulators of the United States and Canada have chosen to use HD radio, an in-band on-channel system that puts digital broadcasts at frequencies adjacent to the analog broadcast. HD Radio is owned by a consortium of private companies that is called iBiquity. An international non-profit consortium Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), has introduced the public domain DRM system, which is used by a relatively small number of broadcasters worldwide.
International broadcasting[edit]
Broadcasters in one country have several reasons to reach out to an audience in other countries. Commercial broadcasters may simply see a business opportunity to sell advertising or subscriptions to a broader audience. This is more efficient than broadcasting to a single country, because domestic entertainment programs and information gathered by domestic news staff can be cheaply repackaged for non-domestic audiences.
Governments typically have different motivations for funding international broadcasting. One clear reason is for ideological, or propaganda reasons. Many government-owned stations portray their nation in a positive, non-threatening way. This could be to encourage business investment in or tourism to the nation. Another reason is to combat a negative image produced by other nations or internal dissidents, or insurgents. Radio RSA, the broadcasting arm of the apartheid South African government, is an example of this. A third reason is to promote the ideology of the broadcaster. For example, a program on Radio Moscow from the 1960s to the 1980s was What is Communism?
A second reason is to advance a nation’s foreign policy interests and agenda by disseminating its views on international affairs or on the events in particular parts of the world. During the Cold War the American Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty and Indian Radio AIR were founded to broadcast news from «behind the Iron Curtain» that was otherwise being censored and promote dissent and occasionally, to disseminate disinformation. Currently, the US operates similar services aimed at Cuba (Radio y Televisión Martí) and the People’s Republic of China, Vietnam, Laos and North Korea (Radio Free Asia).
Besides ideological reasons, many stations are run by religious broadcasters and are used to provide religious education, religious music, or worship service programs. For example, Vatican Radio, established in 1931, broadcasts such programs. Another station, such as HCJB or Trans World Radio will carry brokered programming from evangelists. In the case of the Broadcasting Services of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, both governmental and religious programming is provided.
Extensions[edit]
Extensions of traditional radio-wave broadcasting for audio broadcasting in general include cable radio, local wire television networks, DTV radio, satellite radio, and Internet radio via streaming media on the Internet.
Satellite[edit]
The enormous entry costs of space-based satellite transmitters and restrictions on available radio spectrum licenses has restricted growth of Satellite radio broadcasts. In the US and Canada, just two services, XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio exist. Both XM and Sirius are owned by Sirius XM Satellite Radio, which was formed by the merger of XM and Sirius on July 29, 2008, whereas in Canada, XM Radio Canada and Sirius Canada remained separate companies until 2010. Worldspace in Africa and Asia, and MobaHO! in Japan and the ROK were two unsuccessful satellite radio operators which have gone out of business.
Program formats[edit]
Radio program formats differ by country, regulation, and markets. For instance, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission designates the 88–92 megahertz band in the U.S. for non-profit or educational programming, with advertising prohibited.
In addition, formats change in popularity as time passes and technology improves. Early radio equipment only allowed program material to be broadcast in real time, known as live broadcasting. As technology for sound recording improved, an increasing proportion of broadcast programming used pre-recorded material. A current trend is the automation of radio stations. Some stations now operate without direct human intervention by using entirely pre-recorded material sequenced by computer control.
See also[edit]
- Broadcasting construction permit
- Call sign
- Disc jockey (DJ)
- History of broadcasting
- International broadcasting
- List of radio topics
- Low power radio station
- Radio
- Radio antenna
- Radio network
- Radio personality
- RF modulation
- Sports commentator
- Television station
References[edit]
- ^ «Vintage Radio Web: Philips» Archived February 7, 2020, at the Wayback Machine (vintageradio.nl)
- ^ Guarnieri, M. (2012). «The age of vacuum tubes: Early devices and the rise of radio communications». IEEE Ind. Electron. M.: 41–43. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2182822. S2CID 23351454.
- ^ Schmidt, Hans-Thomas. «Die Liebenröhre». Umleitung zur Homepage von H.-T. Schmidt (in German). Retrieved August 10, 2019. DRP 179807
- ^ Tapan K. Sarkar (ed.) «History of wireless», John Wiley and Sons, 2006. ISBN 0-471-71814-9, p.335
- ^ Sōgo Okamura (ed), History of Electron Tubes, IOS Press, 1994 ISBN 90-5199-145-2 page 20
- ^ «US841387A — Device for amplifying feeble electrical currents». Google Patents. October 25, 1906. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
- ^ «US879532A — Space telegraphy». Google Patents. January 29, 1907. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
- ^ Nebeker, Frederik (2009). Dawn of the Electronic Age: Electrical Technologies in the Shaping of the Modern World, 1914 to 1945. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0470409749.
- ^ «Making the Modern World — Mass consumption». webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
- ^ Guarnieri, M. (2012). «The age of vacuum tubes: the conquest of analog communications». IEEE Ind. Electron. M.: 52–54. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2193274. S2CID 42357863.
- ^ O’Neal, James (December 23, 2008). «Fessenden — The Next Chapter». Radio World. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
- ^ Baudino, Joseph E; John M. Kittross (Winter 1977). «Broadcasting’s Oldest Stations: An Examination of Four Claimants». Journal of Broadcasting. 21: 61–82. doi:10.1080/08838157709363817. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ^ «CARS — Marconi Hall Street, New Street and 2MT callsign». www.g0mwt.org.uk.
- ^ «BBC History – The BBC takes to the Airwaves». BBC News.
- ^ Atgelt, Carlos A. «Early History of Radio Broadcasting in Argentina.» Archived April 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine The Broadcast Archive (Oldradio.com).
- ^ «Curry College — Home». www.curry.edu. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
- ^ Craig, Steve (2004). «How America Adopted Radio: Demographic Differences in Set Ownership Reported in the 1930–1950 U.S. Censuses». Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. Routledge. 48 (2): 179–195. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4802_2. S2CID 145186571.
- ^ «What is a Radio Station?». Radio World. p. 6.
- ^ Based on the «interference» entry of The Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th edition, online
- ^ «Types of Technology, FM vs AM». kwarner.bravehost.com. July 13, 2012. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
- ^ Grodkowski, Paul (August 24, 2015). Beginning Shortwave Radio Listening. Booktango. ISBN 9781468964240.
- ^ Halper, Donna L. «John Shepard’s FM Stations—America’s first FM network.» Archived February 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Boston Radio Archives (BostonRadio.org).
- ^ «The Yankee Network in 1936». The Archives @ BostonRadio.org. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
- ^ «FM Broadcasting Chronology». Jeff Miller Pages. June 23, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
External links[edit]
- Federal Communications Commission website Archived February 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine — fcc.gov
- DXing.info Archived January 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine — Information about radio stations worldwide
- Radio-Locator.com Archived August 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine- Links to 13,000 radio stations worldwide
- BBC reception advice Archived January 16, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- DXradio.50webs.com Archived June 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine «The SWDXER» — with general SWL information and radio antenna tips
- RadioStationZone.com Archived June 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine — 10.000+ radio stations worldwide with ratings, comments and listen live links
- Online-Radio-Stations.org Archived August 10, 2020, at the Wayback Machine — The Web Radio Tuner has a comprehensive list of over 50.000 radio stations
- UnwantedEmissions.com Archived September 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine — A general reference to radio spectrum allocations
- Radio stanice Archived September 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine — Search for radio stations throughout the Europe
- Radio Emisoras Latinas Archived April 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine — has a directory with thousands of Latin America Radio Stations
Перевод и значение RADIO BROADCAST в английском и русском языках
transcription, транскрипция: [ ʹreıdıə(ʋ)͵brɔ:dkɑ:st ]
радиопередача
Англо-Русско-Английский словарь общей лексики, сборник из лучших словарей.
English-Russian-English dictionary of general lexis, the collection of the best dictionaries.
2012
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PRONUNCIATION OF RADIO BROADCAST
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF RADIO BROADCAST
Radio broadcast is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.
WHAT DOES RADIO BROADCAST MEAN IN ENGLISH?
Radio broadcasting
Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both. Audio broadcasting also can be done via cable radio, local wire television networks, satellite radio, and internet radio via streaming media on the Internet. The signal types can be either analog audio or digital audio. In 2009, there were 3,494 radio broadcasting stations in the United States.
Definition of radio broadcast in the English dictionary
The definition of radio broadcast in the dictionary is a programme, bulletin, etc, which is broadcast on the radio.
WORDS THAT RHYME WITH RADIO BROADCAST
Synonyms and antonyms of radio broadcast in the English dictionary of synonyms
Translation of «radio broadcast» into 25 languages
TRANSLATION OF RADIO BROADCAST
Find out the translation of radio broadcast to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of radio broadcast from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «radio broadcast» in English.
Translator English — Chinese
电台广播
1,325 millions of speakers
Translator English — Spanish
emisión de radio
570 millions of speakers
Translator English — Hindi
रेडियो प्रसारण
380 millions of speakers
Translator English — Arabic
البث الإذاعي
280 millions of speakers
Translator English — Russian
радиовещание
278 millions of speakers
Translator English — Portuguese
transmissão de rádio
270 millions of speakers
Translator English — Bengali
বেতার সম্প্রচার
260 millions of speakers
Translator English — French
émission de radio
220 millions of speakers
Translator English — Malay
Siaran radio
190 millions of speakers
Translator English — Japanese
ラジオ放送
130 millions of speakers
Translator English — Korean
라디오 방송
85 millions of speakers
Translator English — Javanese
Siaran radio
85 millions of speakers
Translator English — Vietnamese
phát thanh
80 millions of speakers
Translator English — Tamil
வானொலி ஒலிபரப்பு
75 millions of speakers
Translator English — Marathi
रेडिओ प्रसारण
75 millions of speakers
Translator English — Turkish
Radyo yayını
70 millions of speakers
Translator English — Italian
trasmissione radiofonica
65 millions of speakers
Translator English — Polish
audycja
50 millions of speakers
Translator English — Ukrainian
радіомовлення
40 millions of speakers
Translator English — Romanian
post de radio
30 millions of speakers
Translator English — Greek
ραδιοφωνική εκπομπή
15 millions of speakers
Translator English — Afrikaans
radio-uitsending
14 millions of speakers
Translator English — Swedish
radiosändningar
10 millions of speakers
Translator English — Norwegian
radiosendinger
5 millions of speakers
Trends of use of radio broadcast
TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «RADIO BROADCAST»
The term «radio broadcast» is regularly used and occupies the 66.993 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «radio broadcast» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of radio broadcast
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «radio broadcast».
FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «RADIO BROADCAST» OVER TIME
The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «radio broadcast» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «radio broadcast» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.
Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about radio broadcast
10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «RADIO BROADCAST»
Discover the use of radio broadcast in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to radio broadcast and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
1
Manipulating the Ether: The Power of Broadcast Radio in …
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first politician to recognize the power of radio.
2
African Broadcast Cultures: Radio in Transition
This text examines a number of African radio broadcast cultures.
Richard Fardon, Graham Furniss, 2000
3
The Radio Station: Broadcast, Satellite & Internet
Guide to the internal workings of radio stations and the radio industry.
Provides the true account of the Orson Welles’ 1938 War of the Worlds radio broadcast through excerpts from the actual broadcast, reviewing the events that took place during this national prank and the broadcasting rules that were forever …
5
The Papers of Will Rogers: The final years, August …
For a published record of some of Rogers’s other Gulf shows, see the following
documents elsewhere in this volume: Transcript of Radio Broadcast, Gulf
Headliners, 7 May 1933; Transcript of Radio Broadcast, Gulf Headliners, 14 May
1933; …
Will Rogers, Arthur Frank Wertheim, Steven K. Gragert, 2006
6
Waging The War of the Worlds: A History of the 1938 Radio …
This book examines the historic broadcast in-depth.
7
Pepper Adams’ Joy Road: An Annotated Discography
Taylor, Billy, 375 Taylor, Creed, 259 Taylor, Evon, 267 Taylor, Jerry, 99 Teatro
Romano radio broadcast, 313—14 Teatro Sportivo radio broadcast, 325—26
television advertisement, 411 10 t0 4At The Five Spot (Adams), 62—64 “Tensions
,” 77 …
8
Baseball Over the Air: The National Pastime on the Radio and …
Radio broadcast. France Laux. Ted Husing. ¡934 All Star Game—Hubbell. ¡934.
Hubbell “The Baseball Experience” Recorded from Tape 2/03 (mislabeled?) ¡934
All-Star Game. NBC. ¡934 July ¡0. Radio broadcast. Tom Manning. Ford Bond.
9
Julian Bream: The Foundations of a Musical Career
… Music Radio broadcast Radio broadcast Radio broadcast Radio broadcast
Radio broadcast December 20 Radio broadcast 1950 January 31 Radio
broadcast March 6 Radio broadcast March 9 Radio broadcast April 2 Radio
broadcast May …
10
Radio Cultures: The Sound Medium in American Life
Several months earlier, a record store owner had written a letter to the editors of
Radio Broadcast saying announcing was not a good job for women, since
women needed to be seen to be appreciated, and just hearing them would not be
…
9 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «RADIO BROADCAST»
Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term radio broadcast is used in the context of the following news items.
Beats 1 Radio Broadcast Begins June 30th At 8 AM PT
Apple announced its new music streaming service called Apple Music at the Worldwide Developers Conference earlier this month and back then it revealed that … «Ubergizmo, Jun 15»
Rabbit killed during live radio broadcast to expose ‘hypocrisy’
(CNN) A 9-week-old rabbit was killed during a live radio show in Denmark to highlight the «vast hypocrisy» of people when it comes to animal welfare, … «CNN, May 15»
Norway to cease FM radio broadcasts in 2017
FM radio has been around for decades and it has always been the type of broadcast you wanted for the highest quality music. Many countries are now working … «SlashGear, Apr 15»
Bucknell University Expels 3 For Racist Radio Broadcast
HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) — A private Pennsylvania college expelled three students over a campus radio broadcast in which they made racist comments and … «Huffington Post, Mar 15»
Cubs ink radio broadcast deal with all-news WBBM-AM
For 90 years, WGN-AM (720) has been ready to broadcast a Cubs World … Whether they like it or not, Chicago Cubs fans will have a new radio home for the … «Chicago Business Journal, Jun 14»
“The War of the Worlds” Broadcast, 75 Years Ago
It was the hysterical newspaper headlines the next morning, however, that turned the program into the most notorious radio broadcast in American history. «History, Oct 13»
How KPCC got the rights to the 75th birthday broadcast of ‘The War …
How KPCC got the rights to the 75th birthday broadcast of ‘The War of the Worlds’ … back “The War of the Worlds,” the most famous radio broadcast of all time. «89.3 KPCC, Oct 13»
Chris Cooley retires, joins Washington Redskins’ radio broadcast team
Chris Cooley joined the Washington Redskins’ radio broadcasting team Tuesday, effectively ending his career as an NFL player but preserving the link between … «Washington Post, Jul 13»
Pandora to buy radio station to piggyback onto cheaper costs
The company agreed to purchase KXMZ-FM, a Rapid City, S.D., terrestrial radio station. Its first foray into traditional radio broadcasting, the move has little to do … «CNET, Jun 13»
REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Radio broadcast [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/radio-broadcast>. Apr 2023 ».
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Discover all that is hidden in the words on 
- The Word (radio)
-
«The Word» is a weekly radio programme on the BBC World Service about books and writers. Once a month it becomes «World Book Club» in which listeners send in questions to a famous writer. Both programmes are presented by Harriett Gilbert.
The Word
«The Word» emerged from an earlier World Service book programme «Meridian Books» (which had several presenters including Michael Rosen, [http://www.michaelrosen.co.uk/news_archive3.html Michael Rosen website] ] Verity Sharp, [ [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/presenters/verity_sharp.shtml Verity Sharp Radio 3 presenter biography] ] and Rosemary Hartill [ [http://www.barterbooks.co.uk/bb/barterstaticpages.nsf/web/staticpages/events Rosemary Hartill] ] ) as well as a poetry request programme, «Poems by Post».
Each week the programme will typically feature an author interview and a report on a topic such as ‘new Malaysian writing’.
Each edition is broadcast on the BBC World Service several times during the week. [ [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/worldservice/psims/ScheduleSDT.cgi World Service Schedule] ] It can also be heard online anytime during the week of transmission on the BBCwebsite. [ [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/the_word.shtml «The Word» homepage] ]
In Harriett Gilbert’s absences, the programme has been presented by, amongst others, Bidisha and Nii Ayikwei Parkes.
World Book Club
On the last Tuesday of each month «World Book Club» takes over the slot of «The Word». It features a famous writer who answers questions submitted by the public about one of his or her books. It is recorded in front of a live studio audience. [ [http://er.bsysmail.com/go.asp?/.pages.071101.meetthepresenter/bBBC001/xUJ4G51 BBC World Service Meet the Presenter Harriett Gilbert] ] Listeners around the world can submit questions before the recording.
«World Book Club» was launched at the Edinburgh Festival in 2002. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/presenters/harriett_gilbert.shtml World Service profile] ] The first book featured was «Lake Wobegon Days» by Garrison Keillor [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2195287.stm] . Its fifth anniversary programme in November 2007 featured «The English Patient» by Michael Ondaatje.
Four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature have taken part: Doris Lessing (laureate 2007), V. S. Naipaul (laureate 2001), Orhan Pamuk (laureate 2006) and Wole Soyinka (laureate 1986).
As well as ‘live’ radio transmissions and online ‘listen again’ streaming, current programmes are also podcast. Previous programmes can be listened to online. [ [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/133_wbc_archive_new/index.shtml World Book Club Archive] ]
Writers and books
Announced upcoming programmes are (with date of first broadcast):
*Alice Walker — «The Colour Purple» (28 October 2008)
*Derek Walcott — «Omeros» (recording 10 September 2008, broadcast TBA)
*David Guterson — «Snow Falling on Cedars» (recording 14th October 2008, broadcast TBA)
*Toni Morrison — «Beloved» (recording 27th October 2008, broadcast TBA)Among the writers who have taken part on «World Book Club» (with the books that were the focus of discussion and date of first broadcast) are:
*E. Annie Proulx — «The Shipping News» and «Brokeback Mountain» (30 September 2008)
*David Lodge — «Nice Work» (26 August 2008)
*Chinua Achebe — «Things Fall Apart» (29 July 2008 repeat from June 2006)
*John Irving — «The World According to Garp» (24 June 2008)
*Khaled Hosseini — «The Kite Runner» (27 May 2008)
*Sebastian Faulks — «Birdsong» (29 April 2008)
*Jane Smiley — «A Thousand Acres» (25 March 2008)
*Patricia Cornwell — «Postmortem» (26 February 2008)
*Edna O’Brien — «The Country Girls» (29 January 2008)
*Umberto Eco — «The Name of the Rose» (25 December 2007)
*Sara Paretsky — «Indemnity Only» (November 2007)
*Michael Ondaatje — «The English Patient» (October 2007)
*Armistead Maupin — «Tales of the City» (September 2007)
*Irvine Welsh — «Trainspotting» (August 2007)
*Richard Dawkins — «The Selfish Gene» (July 2007)
*Thomas Keneally — «Schindler’s Ark» (June 2007)
*Wole Soyinka — «» (May 2007)
*Mario Vargas Llosa — «Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter» (April 2007)
*Iain Banks — «The Wasp Factory» (March 2007)
*Rose Tremain — «Restoration» (February 2007)
*Yann Martel — «Life of Pi» (January 2007)
*John Le Carre — «A Perfect Spy» (December 2006)
*William Boyd — «Brazzaville Beach» (November 2006)
*Frank McCourt — «Angela’s Ashes» (October 2006)
*Arnold Wesker — «Chicken Soup with Barley» (September 2006)
*Ian Rankin — «Black and Blue» (August 2006)
*Joanna Trollope — «The Rector’s Wife» (July 2006)
*Chinua Achebe — «Things Fall Apart» (June 2006)
*Kurt Vonnegut — «Slaughterhouse-Five» (May 2006)
*Orhan Pamuk — «My Name is Red» (April 2006)
*Alexander McCall Smith — «The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency» (March 2006)
*Scott Turow — «Presumed Innocent» (February 2006)
*Louis de Bernieres — «Captain Corelli’s Mandolin» (January 2006)
*Philip Pullman — «Northern Lights» (December 2005)
*Vikram Seth — «A Suitable Boy» (November 2005)
*Maya Angelou — «I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings» (October 2005)
*Salman Rushdie — «Midnight’s Children» (September 2005)
*André Brink — «A Dry White Season» (August 2005)
*Joyce Carol Oates — «Blonde» (July 2005)
*Carlos Fuentes — «The Death of Artemio Cruz» (June 2005)
*Nick Hornby — «Fever Pitch» (May 2005)
*Wilbur Smith — «When the Lion Feeds» (April 2005)
*Ian McEwan — «Atonement» (March 2005)
*Zadie Smith — «White Teeth» (February 2005)
*P. D. James — «Original Sin» (January 2005)
*Paulo Coelho — «The Alchemist» (December 2004)
*Kazuo Ishiguro — «The Remains of the Day» (November 2004)
*Roddy Doyle — «The Commitments» (October 2004)
*Anita Desai — «Fasting, Feasting» (September 2004)
*Amos Oz — «My Michael» (August 2004)
*Gillian Slovo — «Red Dust» (July 2004)
*Ken Follett — «Eye of the Needle» (June 2004)
*Tracy Chevalier — «Girl with a Pearl Earring» (May 2004)
*Germaine Greer — «The Female Eunuch» (April 2004)
*A. S. Byatt — «» (March 2004)
*Martin Cruz Smith — «Gorky Park» (February 2004)
*Amy Tan — «The Joy Luck Club» (January 2004)
*V. S. Naipaul — «A House for Mr Biswas» (December 2003)
*Isabel Allende — «The House of Spirits» (November 2003)
*Peter Carey — «Oscar and Lucinda» (September 2003)
*Frederick Forsyth — «Day of the Jackal» (October 2003)
*Ruth Rendell — «A Judgement in Stone» (August 2003)
*Julian Barnes — «Flaubert’s Parrot» (July 2003)
*Terry Pratchett — «The Colour of Magic» (May 2003)
*Margaret Atwood — «The Handmaid’s Tale» (April 2003)
*Jung Chang — «Wild Swans» (March 2003)
*Doris Lessing — «The Grass is Singing» (February 2003)
*Hanif Kureishi — «The Buddha of Suburbia» (January 2003)
*Ben Okri — «The Famished Road» (December 2002)
*Arundhati Roy — «The God of Small Things» (November 2002)
*Martin Amis — «Money» (October 2002)
*Garrison Keillor — «Lake Wobegon Days» (September 2002)Quote
Harriett Gilbert has said about the programmes,
«For a book addict, I have the dream job. On «The Word», I get to talk about their work with writers I admire and enjoy. On «World Book Club», I introduce those writers to their readers, all around the world and sit back while they enjoy themselves. If only Charles Dickens were still alive!»
External links
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/the_word.shtml «The Word» homepage — including the listen again facility]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/world_book_club.shtml «World Book Club» homepage — including the listen again facility]References
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
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The Word — may mean:*The Word (band), a blues/jam rock group * The Word (film) or Ordet , a 1955 Danish film * The Word (novel), a novel by Irving Wallace * The Word (radio), a weekly BBC World Service book programme * The Word (song), a song by The Beatles … Wikipedia
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The War of the Worlds (radio) — The War of the Worlds was an episode of the American radio drama anthology series Mercury Theatre on the Air . It was performed as a Halloween episode of the series on October 30, 1938 and aired over the WABC Radio network. Directed and narrated… … Wikipedia
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The Word In Praise — is a radio format programmed and produced by Salem Radio Networks. It targets the 35 54 adult Christian listener demographic. This radio format has a blend of Soft Christian Contemporary music from artists such as Amy Grant, Steven Curtis Chapman … Wikipedia
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The Word (TV series) — The Word was a 1990s Channel 4 television programme in the United Kingdom. Its presenters included Mancunian radio presenter Terry Christian, comedian Mark Lamarr, Dani Behr, Katie Puckrik, Alan Connor, Amanda de Cadenet and Hufty . Originally… … Wikipedia
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The Word Is Live — Infobox Album Name = The Word is Live Type = Box set Artist = Yes Released = August 23 2005 Recorded = March 12 1970 – February 19 1988 Genre = Progressive rock Length = 3:49:40 Label = Rhino Records Producer = Steve Woolard Reviews = * Allmusic… … Wikipedia
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The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (radio series) — Infobox Radio Show show name = The Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy imagesize = 210px caption = The cover of the booklet included with the Collector s Edition CD set release of the first two Hitchhiker s radio series. format = Comic science… … Wikipedia
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The Breeze (radio station) — This article is about the former Surrey and Essex radio stations. For the current network of radio stations, see The Breeze (radio network). The Breeze was the name of two easy listening radio stations in Essex and Surrey.[1] The stations are… … Wikipedia
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Radio — is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of… … Wikipedia
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History of the word ‘fuck’ — In the modern English speaking world, the word fuck is often considered highly offensive. Most English speaking countries censor it on television and radio. A study of the attitudes of the British public found that fuck was considered the third… … Wikipedia
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Walk in the Word — is the listener supported, ministry outreach of Harvest Bible Chapel in Rolling Meadows, Illinois. This daily radio program airs on more than 650 outlets in North America and around the world. Walk in the Word is a ministry of James McDonald but… … Wikipedia