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[ rad-i-kuhl ]

/ ˈræd ɪ kəl /

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.

adjective

of or going to the root or origin; fundamental: There is a radical difference between the two interpretations of the sacred text, one justifying war and the other requiring nonviolent resistance.

extreme, especially as regards change from accepted or traditional forms: a radical change in the policy of the company.

favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms: radical ideas;radical and anarchistic ideologues.

favoring, supporting, or representing extreme forms of religious fundamentalism: radical fundamentalists and their rejection of modern science.

forming a basis or foundation: What is the radical reason for his choice?

existing inherently in a thing or person: radical defects of character.

characterized by a marked departure from prevailing methods, practices, or ideas, particularly in the arts; experimental; unorthodox:The composer’s radical approach to sound, using timbre and rhythm rather than pitch, was declared “noise” by an influential critic.

Slang. excellent; wonderful; cool; rad: You got here on an electric skateboard? That’s radical!

Grammar. of or pertaining to the root of a word.

Botany. of or arising from the root or the base of the stem.

noun

a person who holds or follows strong convictions or extreme principles; extremist.

a person who advocates fundamental political, economic, and social reforms by direct and often uncompromising methods.

Mathematics.

a quantity expressed as a root of another quantity.
the set of elements of a ring, some power of which is contained in a given ideal.
radical sign.

(in Chinese writing) one of 214 ideographic elements used in combination with phonetics to form thousands of different characters.

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Origin of radical

First recorded in 1350–1400; Middle English, from Late Latin rādīcālis “having roots, forming roots,” equivalent to Latin rādīc- (stem of rādix ) + -ālis; see origin at root¹, -al¹

synonym study for radical

2. Radical, extreme, fanatical denote that which goes beyond moderation or even to excess in opinion, belief, action, etc. Radical emphasizes the idea of going to the root of a matter, and this often seems immoderate in its thoroughness or completeness: radical ideas; radical changes or reforms. Extreme applies to excessively biased ideas, intemperate conduct, or repressive legislation: to use extreme measures. Fanatical is applied to a person who has extravagant views, especially in matters of religion or morality, which render that person incapable of sound judgments; and excessive zeal which leads them to take violent action against those who have differing views: fanatical in persecuting others.

historical usage of radical

Radical comes straight from the Late Latin adjective rādicālis “having roots, rooted,” first occurring about a.d. 400 in Contra Faustum (“Against Faustus the Manichaean”) by St. Augustine of Hippo. Rādicālis is a derivative of the noun rādix (inflectional stem rādīc- ) “root (of a plant, tooth, hair), root (of a family, stock, breed), (etymological) root.” The mathematical sense “denoting the radical sign which indicates the root of a number” dates from the late 17th century. Radical in its political sense dates from the late 18th century in England and the first half of the 19th century in the United States.
Latin rādix comes from wrād-, one of the variants of the Proto-Indo-European root wrād, werād, wred- “root, branch.” From this same variant Latin also has rāmus “branch” (the root, so to speak, of English ramify ); Greek has rhádix (stem rhádik- ) from the same variant. Another variant of the root is the possible source of Greek rhiza, source of English rhizome (Greek variants include Aeolic briza, brisda and Mycenaean wriza ). Wrād- regularly becomes wrōt- in proto-Germanic, the ultimate source of the English word root.

OTHER WORDS FROM radical

rad·i·cal·ness, nounmul·ti·rad·i·cal, adjectivenon·rad·i·cal, adjective, nounqua·si-rad·i·cal, adjective

sem·i·rad·i·cal, adjectivesub·rad·i·cal, adjectivesu·per·rad·i·cal, adjectiveul·tra·rad·i·cal, adjective, nounun·rad·i·cal, adjective

Words nearby radical

radiative capture, radiative zone, radiator, radiator grille, radiatus, radical, radical axis, radical chic, radical empiricism, radical expression, radicalism

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

Words related to radical

profound, extremist, fanatical, far-out, leftist, militant, progressive, revolutionary, sweeping, uncompromising, violent, agitator, anarchist, fanatic, firebrand, insurgent, rebel, reformer, renegade, rioter

How to use radical in a sentence

Old friends who never seemed to care about politics now seem ready to rain blows on those who disagree with their radical views.
We asked them to lay out the steps for this radical classroom transformation.
An idea born in a Swiss patent office that evolved into a mature theory in Berlin set forth a radical new picture of the cosmos, rooted in a new, deeper understanding of gravity.
The anxiety and loss of community some Q believers may feel can make them more vulnerable to believing radical ideas.

Developing radical new technology is inherently risky, but that doesn’t make breaking this news any easier.
But Brooke was out of step with the New Left and its notion of radical chic.
Too moderate and the more radical groups call you a snitch, jeopardizing your standing and authority at demonstrations.
He has become the most radical pope in modern memory for his economic populism.
He branded it a fifth-column invasion into popular culture, normalizing radical, even communist ambitions.
Two hostages are dead and 15 others free after an Islamic radical took them hostage before police killed him.
This letter indirectly points out two long-standing radical errors in engineering phraseology.
Decandolle’s observations regarding the radical excretions of plants have not been confirmed by subsequent observers.
But if this reincarnation was quite ordinary in its process, it was the more radical and decisive.
There are two radical differences between Humanism and Christianity.
If the Collier were a Radical, how coal-black the portraits would come out!

British Dictionary definitions for radical

adjective

of, relating to, or characteristic of the basic or inherent constitution of a person or thing; fundamentala radical fault

concerned with or tending to concentrate on fundamental aspects of a matter; searching or thoroughgoingradical thought; a radical re-examination

favouring or tending to produce extreme or fundamental changes in political, economic, or social conditions, institutions, habits of mind, etca radical party

med (of treatment) aimed at removing the source of a diseaseradical surgery

slang, mainly US very good; excellent

of, relating to, or arising from the root or the base of the stem of a plantradical leaves

maths of, relating to, or containing roots of numbers or quantities

linguistics of or relating to the root of a word

noun

a person who favours extreme or fundamental change in existing institutions or in political, social, or economic conditions

maths a root of a number or quantity, such as ³√5, √ x

(in logographic writing systems such as that used for Chinese) a part of a character conveying lexical meaning

Derived forms of radical

radicalness, noun

Word Origin for radical

C14: from Late Latin rādīcālis having roots, from Latin rādix a root

Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Scientific definitions for radical

A root, such as √2, especially as indicated by a radical sign (√).

A group of atoms that behaves as a unit in chemical reactions and is often not stable except as part of a molecule. The hydroxyl, ethyl, and phenyl radicals are examples. Radicals are unchanged by chemical reactions.

The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2011. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Cultural definitions for radical (1 of 2)

In politics, someone who demands substantial or extreme changes in the existing system.

Cultural definitions for radical (2 of 2)

notes for radical

In general, radicals are associated with chemical reactions that proceed rapidly.

The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Источник

Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.

rad·i·cal

(răd′ĭ-kəl)

adj.

1. Arising from or going to a root or source; basic: proposed a radical solution to the problem.

2. Departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme or drastic: a radical change in diet.

3. Relating to or advocating fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions: radical politics; a radical political theorist.

4. Medicine Relating to or being surgery that is extreme or drastic in an effort to eradicate all existing or potential disease: radical hysterectomy.

5. Linguistics Of or being a root: a radical form.

6. Botany

a. Of, relating to, or arising from a root: radical hairs.

b. Arising from the base of a stem or from a below-ground stem or rhizome: radical leaves.

7. Slang Excellent; wonderful.

1. One who advocates fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions: radicals seeking to overthrow the social order.

2. Mathematics The root of a quantity as indicated by the radical sign.

3. Symbol R An atom or a group of atoms with one unpaired electron.

4. Linguistics See root¹.

a. Any of the basic Chinese characters that are combined to form more complex characters.

b. Any of the traditional set of basic strokes or groups of strokes that make up Chinese characters and are used to classify and organize them in dictionaries.

[Middle English, of a root, from Late Latin rādīcālis, having roots, from Latin rādīx, rādīc-, root; see wrād- in Indo-European roots.]

rad′i·cal·ly adv.

rad′i·cal·ness n.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

radical

(ˈrædɪkəl)

adj

1. of, relating to, or characteristic of the basic or inherent constitution of a person or thing; fundamental: a radical fault.

2. concerned with or tending to concentrate on fundamental aspects of a matter; searching or thoroughgoing: radical thought; a radical re-examination.

3. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) favouring or tending to produce extreme or fundamental changes in political, economic, or social conditions, institutions, habits of mind, etc: a radical party.

4. (Medicine) med (of treatment) aimed at removing the source of a disease: radical surgery.

5. slang chiefly US very good; excellent

6. (Botany) of, relating to, or arising from the root or the base of the stem of a plant: radical leaves.

7. (Mathematics) maths of, relating to, or containing roots of numbers or quantities

8. (Linguistics) linguistics of or relating to the root of a word

9. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a person who favours extreme or fundamental change in existing institutions or in political, social, or economic conditions

10. (Mathematics) maths a root of a number or quantity, such as ³√5, √x

11. (Chemistry) chem

b. another name for group¹⁰

12. (Linguistics) linguistics another word for root¹⁹

13. (Linguistics) (in logographic writing systems such as that used for Chinese) a part of a character conveying lexical meaning

[C14: from Late Latin rādīcālis having roots, from Latin rādix a root]

ˈradicalness n

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

rad•i•cal

(ˈræd ɪ kəl)

adj.

1. of or going to the root or origin; fundamental.

2. thoroughgoing or extreme: a radical change in company policy.

3. favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms.

4. existing inherently in a thing or person: radical defects of character.

5. Math.

a. pertaining to or forming a root.

b. denoting or pertaining to the radical sign.

6. of or pertaining to the root of a word.

7. Bot. of or arising from the root or the base of the stem.

8. Slang. great; marvelous; wonderful.

9. a person who holds or follows strong convictions or extreme principles; extremist.

10. a person who advocates fundamental political, economic, and social reforms by direct and often uncompromising methods.

11. Math.

a. a quantity expressed as a root of another quantity.

[1350–1400; Middle English < Late Latin rādīcālis having roots < Latin rādīc- (s. of rādīx) root¹]

rad·i·cal

(răd′ĭ-kəl)

1. A root, such as √2, especially as indicated by a radical sign (√).

2. A group of atoms that behaves as a unit in chemical reactions and is often not stable except as part of a molecule. The hydroxyl, ethyl, and phenyl radicals are examples. Radicals are unchanged by chemical reactions.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

radical

A group of atoms forming part of many molecules. They are very reactive as they have an incomplete electron structure.

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

Noun	1.	radical — (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule chemical group, group chemical science, chemistry — the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions building block, unit — a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; «units of nucleic acids» acyl, acyl group — any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group; «an example of the acyl group is the acetyl group» alcohol group, alcohol radical — the chemical group -OH aldehyde group, aldehyde radical — the chemical group -CHO alkyl, alkyl group, alkyl radical — any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons allyl, allyl group, allyl radical — the univalent unsaturated organic radical C3H5; derived from propylene amino, amino group — the radical -NH2 amyl — a hydrocarbon radical that occurs in many organic compounds azido group, azido radical — the univalent group N3- derived from hydrazoic acid azo group, azo radical — the bivalent group -N=N- united to two hydrocarbon groups benzyl, benzyl group, benzyl radical — the univalent radical derived from toluene benzoyl group, benzoyl radical — the univalent radical derived from benzoic acid molecule — (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound arsenic group, cacodyl group, cacodyl radical, cacodyl — the univalent group derived from arsine carbonyl group — the bivalent radical CO carboxyl, carboxyl group — the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids chromophore — the chemical group that gives color to a molecule cyanide group, cyanide radical, cyano group, cyano radical — the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound glyceryl — a trivalent radical derived from glycerol by removing the three hydroxyl radicals hydrazo group, hydrazo radical — the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine hydroxyl, hydroxyl group, hydroxyl radical — the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols ketone group — a group having the characteristic properties of ketones methylene, methylene group, methylene radical — the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane propyl, propyl group, propyl radical — the monovalent organic group C3H7- obtained from propane butyl — a hydrocarbon radical (C4H9) nitro group — the group -NO3 nitrite — the radical -NO2 or any compound containing it (such as a salt or ester of nitrous acid) uranyl, uranyl group, uranyl radical — the bivalent radical UO2 which forms salts with acids vinyl, vinyl group, vinyl radical — a univalent chemical radical derived from ethylene
	2.	radical — an atom or group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron; in the body it is usually an oxygen molecule that has lost an electron and will stabilize itself by stealing an electron from a nearby molecule; «in the body free radicals are high-energy particles that ricochet wildly and damage cells» free radical atom — (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
	3.	radical — a person who has radical ideas or opinions individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul — a human being; «there was too much for one person to do» anarchist, syndicalist, nihilist — an advocate of anarchism Bolshevik, bolshie, bolshy, Marxist, red — emotionally charged terms used to refer to extreme radicals or revolutionaries extremist — a person who holds extreme views leveler, leveller — a radical who advocates the abolition of social distinctions revolutionary, revolutionist, subversive, subverter — a radical supporter of political or social revolution terrorist — a radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities Trotskyist, Trotskyite, Trot — radicals who support Trotsky’s theory that socialism must be established throughout the world by continuing revolution Wobbly — a member of the Industrial Workers of the World young Turk — a young radical who agitates for reform
	4.	radical — (mathematics) a quantity expressed as the root of another quantity quantity, measure, amount — how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify math, mathematics, maths — a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
	5.	radical — a character conveying the lexical meaning of a logogram grapheme, graphic symbol, character — a written symbol that is used to represent speech; «the Greek alphabet has 24 characters» ideogram, ideograph — a graphic character that indicates the meaning of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it; «Chinese characters are ideograms»
	6.	radical — (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; «thematic vowels are part of the stem» root word, stem, root, theme, base linguistics — the scientific study of language descriptor, form, signifier, word form — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something; «the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached»
Adj.	1.	radical — (used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm; «extremist political views»; «radical opinions on education»; «an ultra conservative» extremist, ultra immoderate — beyond reasonable limits; «immoderate laughter»; «immoderate spending»
	2.	radical — markedly new or introducing radical change; «a revolutionary discovery»; «radical political views» revolutionary new — not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered; «a new law»; «new cars»; «a new comet»; «a new friend»; «a new year»; «the New World»
	3.	radical — arising from or going to the root or source; «a radical flaw in the plan» basic — pertaining to or constituting a base or basis; «a basic fact»; «the basic ingredients»; «basic changes in public opinion occur because of changes in priorities»
	4.	radical — of or relating to or constituting a linguistic root; «a radical verb form» linguistics — the scientific study of language
	5.	radical — especially of leaves; located at the base of a plant or stem; especially arising directly from the root or rootstock or a root-like stem; «basal placentation»; «radical leaves» basal phytology, botany — the branch of biology that studies plants cauline — especially of leaves; growing on a stem especially on the upper part of a stem; «cauline leaves»

radical

adjective

1. extreme, complete, entire, sweeping, violent, severe, extensive, wide-ranging, excessive, thorough, drastic, rigorous, far-reaching, draconian periods of radical change

3. fundamental, natural, basic, essential, native, constitutional, organic, profound, innate, deep-seated, thoroughgoing, hard-wired the radical differences between them
fundamental minor, token, trivial, superficial, insignificant

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

radical

adjective

1. Arising from or going to the root or source:

2. Holding especially political views that deviate drastically and fundamentally from conventional or traditional beliefs:

noun

One who holds extreme views or advocates extreme measures:

Translations

أساسيشامِل، جَذْريشَخْص راديكالي: مُتَطَرِّفمُتَطَرِّف

extrémníradikálradikálnízákladnízásadní

ekstremistgennemgribendegrundlæggenderadikalyderliggående

juurimullistavaperusperusteellinenradikaali

gyökeresradikális

djúptækur, róttækurgrundvallar-róttæklingurróttækur

部首

radikalas

būtiskskrasspamatīgs

extrémnyzásadný

radical

[ˈrædɪkəl]

A. ADJ

2. (= extreme, major) [change, measures, surgery, reduction] → radical; [advance] → innovador

B. N (Pol) → radical mf (Bot, Chem, Ling, Math) → radical m

Collins Spanish Dictionary — Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

radical

[ˈrædɪk^əl]

adj

[change, reform, overhaul] → radical(e)

[plan, proposal, concept, measure, idea] → radical(e)

[politician, party, wing, group, feminist] → radical(e)

(US) (= excellent) → d’enfer

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

radical

radical fundamentalist

adj → radikalfundamentalistisch

radical Islamic

adj → radikalislamisch

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

radical

(ˈrӕdikəl) adjective

1. relating to the basic nature of something. radical faults in the design.

2. thorough; complete. radical changes.

3. wanting or involving great or extreme political, social or economic changes.

noun

a person who wants radical political changes.

ˈradically adverb

Источник

Other forms: radicals

If something is considered extremist or very different from anything that has come before it, call it radical.

The noun, radical, comes from the Latin radix «root,» and in fact, radical and root are synonymous as technical terms in fields such as math and linguistics. In more everyday language, a radical is someone who has very extreme views, so you could say that their views are different from the root up. Similarly, a radical flaw or change is a fundamental one whereas a radical design or idea is very new and innovative.

Definitions of radical

adjective

(used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm

“radical opinions on education”

synonyms:

extremist, ultra

immoderate

beyond reasonable limits
adjective

markedly new or introducing radical change

“radical political views”

synonyms:

revolutionary

new

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
noun

a person who has radical ideas or opinions

see moresee less

types:

show 18 types…

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anarchist, nihilist, syndicalist

an advocate of anarchism

Bolshevik, Marxist, bolshie, bolshy, red

emotionally charged terms used to refer to extreme radicals or revolutionaries

extremist

a person who holds extreme views

leveler, leveller

a radical who advocates the abolition of social distinctions

revolutionary, revolutionist, subversive, subverter

a radical supporter of political or social revolution

terrorist

a radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities

Trot, Trotskyist, Trotskyite

radicals who support Trotsky’s theory that socialism must be established throughout the world by continuing revolution

Wobbly

a member of the Industrial Workers of the World

young Turk

a young radical who agitates for reform

counter-revolutionist, counterrevolutionary, counterrevolutionist

a revolutionary whose aim is to reverse the changes introduced by an earlier revolution

dynamiter, dynamitist

a person who uses dynamite in a revolutionary cause

Girondin, Girondist

a member of the moderate republican party that was in power during the French Revolution; the Girondists were overthrown by their more radical rivals the Jacobins

cyber-terrorist, cyberpunk, hacker

a programmer who breaks into computer systems in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism

freedom fighter, insurgent, insurrectionist, rebel

a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)

Jacobin

a member of the radical movement that instituted the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution

sleeper

a spy or saboteur or terrorist planted in an enemy country who lives there as a law-abiding citizen until activated by a prearranged signal

suicide bomber

a terrorist who blows himself up in order to kill or injure other people

sans-culotte

an extreme revolutionary or republican

type of:

individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul

a human being
noun

a character conveying the lexical meaning of a logogram
noun

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed
adjective

of or relating to or constituting a linguistic root
noun

an atom or group of atoms with at least one unpaired electron; in the body it is usually an oxygen molecule that has lost an electron and will stabilize itself by stealing an electron from a nearby molecule

synonyms:

free radical

see moresee less

type of:

atom

(physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
noun

(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule

synonyms:

chemical group, group

see moresee less

types:

show 33 types…

hide 33 types…

acyl, acyl group

any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group

alcohol group, alcohol radical

the chemical group -OH

aldehyde group, aldehyde radical

the chemical group -CHO

alkyl, alkyl group, alkyl radical

any of a series of univalent groups of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons

allyl, allyl group, allyl radical

the univalent unsaturated organic radical C3H5; derived from propylene

amino, amino group

the radical -NH2

amyl

a hydrocarbon radical that occurs in many organic compounds

azido group, azido radical

the univalent group N3- derived from hydrazoic acid

azo group, azo radical

the bivalent group -N=N- united to two hydrocarbon groups

benzyl, benzyl group, benzyl radical

the univalent radical derived from toluene

benzoyl group, benzoyl radical

the univalent radical derived from benzoic acid

arsenic group, cacodyl, cacodyl group, cacodyl radical

the univalent group derived from arsine

carbonyl group

the bivalent radical CO

carboxyl, carboxyl group

the univalent radical -COOH; present in and characteristic of organic acids

chromophore

the chemical group that gives color to a molecule

cyanide group, cyanide radical, cyano group, cyano radical

the monovalent group -CN in a chemical compound

glyceryl

a trivalent radical derived from glycerol by removing the three hydroxyl radicals

hydrazo group, hydrazo radical

the bivalent group -HNNH- derived from hydrazine

hydroxyl, hydroxyl group, hydroxyl radical

the monovalent group -OH in such compounds as bases and some acids and alcohols

ketone group

a group having the characteristic properties of ketones

methylene, methylene group, methylene radical

the bivalent radical CH2 derived from methane

propyl, propyl group, propyl radical

the monovalent organic group C3H7- obtained from propane

butyl

a hydrocarbon radical (C4H9)

nitro group

the group -NO3

nitrite

the radical -NO2 or any compound containing it (such as a salt or ester of nitrous acid)

uranyl, uranyl group, uranyl radical

the bivalent radical UO2 which forms salts with acids

vinyl, vinyl group, vinyl radical

a univalent chemical radical derived from ethylene

acetyl, acetyl group, acetyl radical, ethanoyl group, ethanoyl radical

the organic group of acetic acid (CH3CO-)

ethyl, ethyl group, ethyl radical

the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom

glucosamine

an amino derivative of glucose that is a component of many polysaccharides

foryml

(chemistry) the negative univalent acyl radical CHO that occurs in aldehydes

methyl, methyl group, methyl radical

the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane

sodium nitrite

nitrite used to preserve and color food especially in meat and fish products; implicated in the formation of suspected carcinogens

type of:

building block, unit

a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else
noun

(mathematics) a quantity expressed as the root of another quantity
adjective

arising from or going to the root or source

“a
radical flaw in the plan”

Synonyms:

basic

pertaining to or constituting a base or basis
adjective

especially of leaves; located at the base of a plant or stem; especially arising directly from the root or rootstock or a root-like stem

“radical leaves”

synonyms:

basal

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Источник

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Look up radical in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Radical may refer to:

Politics and ideology[edit]

Politics[edit]

Radical politics, the political intent of fundamental societal change
Radicalism (historical), the Radical Movement that began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe and Latin America in the 19th century
Radical Party (disambiguation), several political parties
Radicals (UK), a British and Irish grouping in the early to mid-19th century
Radicalization

Ideologies[edit]

Radical chic, a term coined by Tom Wolfe to describe the pretentious adoption of radical causes
Radical feminism, a perspective within feminism that focuses on patriarchy
Radical Islam, or Islamic extremism
Radical veganism, a radical interpretation of veganism, usually combined with anarchism
Radical Reformation, an Anabaptist movement concurrent with the Protestant Reformation

Science and mathematics[edit]

Science[edit]

Radical (chemistry), an atom, molecule, or ion with unpaired valence electron(s)
Radical surgery, where diseased tissue or lymph nodes are removed from a diseased organ

Mathematics[edit]

Radical expression involving roots, also known as an nth root
Radical symbol (√), used to indicate the square root and other roots
Radical of an algebraic group, a concept in algebraic group theory
Radical of an ideal, an important concept in abstract algebra
Radical of a ring, an ideal of «bad» elements of a ring
- Jacobson radical, consisting of those elements in a ring R that annihilate all simple right R-modules
- Nilradical of a ring, a nilpotent ideal which is as large as possible
Radical of a module, a component in the theory of structure and classification
Radical of an integer, in number theory, the product of the primes which divide an integer
Radical of a Lie algebra, a concept in Lie theory
- Nilradical of a Lie algebra, a nilpotent ideal which is as large as possible
Left (or right) radical of a bilinear form, the subspace of all vectors left (or right) orthogonal to every vector

Linguistics[edit]

Root (linguistics), also called a «radical», the form of a word after any prefixes and suffixes are removed
Radical (Chinese characters), part of a Chinese character
Radical consonant, a pharyngeal consonant
Radical, one of the three consonants in a Semitic root

Arts and entertainment[edit]

Music[edit]

Radical (mixtape), by Odd Future, 2010
Radical (Every Time I Die album), 2021
Radical (Smack album), 1988
«Radicals», a song by Tyler, The Creator from the 2011 album Goblin

Architecture and design[edit]

Radical period (design), a period in late 1960s Italian design
Radical Baroque, an architectural style

Literature[edit]

Radical: My Journey out of Islamist Extremism, by Maajid Nawaz, 2013
Radical (book), by David Platt, 2010

Film[edit]

Radical (film), a 2023 Spanish language film

Other uses[edit]

Murphy Radical, a Canadian light aircraft design
Radical, Missouri, U.S., a ghost town
Radical, North Carolina, U.S.
Radical Sportscars, a British sports car maker
Radical Entertainment, a Canadian video game developer
Radical.fm, a digital music streaming service

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Middle English radical, from Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈɹædɪkəl/
Homophone: radicle

Adjective[edit]

radical (comparative more radical, superlative most radical)

Favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.

His beliefs are radical.
(botany, not comparable) Pertaining to a root (of a plant).
Pertaining to the basic or intrinsic nature of something.
Synonym: fundamental

Antonyms: ignorable, trivial
Thoroughgoing; far-reaching.
- 2012 January 1, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 26 January 2012, page 70:
  
  Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
The spread of the cancer required radical surgery, and the entire organ was removed.
(lexicography, not comparable) Of or pertaining to the root of a word.
(phonology, phonetics, not comparable, of a sound) Produced using the root of the tongue.

Coordinate terms: coronal, dorsal, labial, laryngeal
(chemistry, not comparable) Involving free radicals.
(mathematics) Relating to a radix or mathematical root.

a radical quantity; a radical sign
(slang, 1980s & 1990s) Excellent; awesome.

That was a radical jump!

Synonyms[edit]

(linguistics, in reference to words): primitive

Antonyms[edit]

(linguistics, in reference to words): derivative, derived

Derived terms[edit]

radical empiricism
radical feminism
radical Islam
radical left
radical pluralism
radical reform
radical right
radical vinegar
radicality
radicalize
radically
radicalness

[edit]

radix
root

Translations[edit]

thoroughgoing

Czech: radikální (cs)
Finnish: perusteellinen (fi), mullistava (fi), radikaalinen (fi) (med.)
French: radical (fr)
German: radikal (de)
Japanese: 徹底的な (てっていてきな, tetteiteki na)
Polish: radykalny (pl)

favouring fundamental change

Bulgarian: радикален (bg) (radikalen), фундаментален (bg) (fundamentalen)
Catalan: radical (ca)
Finnish: radikaali (fi)
French: radical (fr)
German: radikal (de)
Greek: ριζοσπαστικός (el) (rizospastikós)
Hebrew: רָדִיקָלִי‎ m, רָדִיקָלִית‎ f
Hindi: उग्रवादी (hi) (ugravādī), चरमपंथी (carampanthī), अतिवादी (hi) (ativādī), इंतहापसंद (inthāpsand)
Indonesian: radikal (id)
Japanese: 抜本的な (ばっぽんてきな, bapponteki na)
Kazakh: радикалдық (radikaldyq)
Maori: wāwāhi tahā, whakawhana
Norwegian:

Bokmål: radikal (no)

Nynorsk: radikal
Persian: رادیکال‎ (fa) (râdikâl)
Polish: radykalny (pl)
Portuguese: radical (pt)
Russian: радика́льный (ru) (radikálʹnyj), коренной (ru) (korennoj)
Ukrainian: радика́льний (radykálʹnyj)

mathematics: involving roots

Estonian: please add this translation if you can
Finnish: juuri- (fi)
German: Wurzel- (de) (compound)
Italian: irrazionale (it)
Latvian: iracionāls
Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
Russian: please add this translation if you can
Swedish: radikal (sv)

Noun[edit]

radical (plural radicals)

(historical, 19th-century Britain) A member of the most progressive wing of the Liberal Party; someone favouring social reform (but generally stopping short of socialism).
(historical, early 20th-century France) A member of an influential, centrist political party favouring moderate social reform, a republican constitution, and secular politics.
A person with radical opinions.
(arithmetic) A root (of a number or quantity).
(linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic.
(linguistics) In Celtic languages, refers to the basic, underlying form of an initial consonant which can be further mutated under the Celtic initial consonant mutations.
(linguistics) In Semitic languages, any one of the set of consonants (typically three) that make up a root.
(chemistry) A group of atoms, joined by covalent bonds, that take part in reactions as a single unit.
(organic chemistry) A free radical.
(algebra, commutative algebra, ring theory, of an ideal) Given an ideal I in a commutative ring R, another ideal, denoted Rad(I) or , such that an element x ∈ R is in Rad(I) if, for some positive integer n, xⁿ ∈ I; equivalently, the intersection of all prime ideals containing I.
(algebra, ring theory, of a ring) Given a ring R, an ideal containing elements of R that share a property considered, in some sense, «not good».
(algebra, ring theory, of a module) The intersection of maximal submodules of a given module.
(number theory) The product of the distinct prime factors of a given positive integer.

Derived terms[edit]

Artinian radical
Baer radical
Brown–McCoy radical
free radical
Jacobson radical
Köthe radical
Levitzki radical
lower radical
lower radical operator
radical class
radical ideal
radical sign
singular radical
strong radical
upper nil radical

[edit]

nilradical

Translations[edit]

person with radical opinions

Arabic: رَادِيكَالِيّ‎ m (rādīkāliyy)
Belarusian: радыка́л m (radykál), радыка́лка f (radykálka)
Bulgarian: радикал m (radikal)
Catalan: radical (ca) m or f
Chinese:

Mandarin: 激进分子 (jījìn fènzǐ), 急進派／急进派 (zh) (jíjìnpài)
Czech: radikál (cs) m
Finnish: radikaali (fi)
German: Radikaler (de) m, Radikale (de) f
Greek: ριζοσπάστης (el) m (rizospástis)
Hindi: उग्रवादी (hi) m (ugravādī), चरमपंथी m (carampanthī), अतिवादी (hi) m (ativādī), इंतहापसंद m (inthāpsand)
Italian: radicale (it) m or f
Japanese: 急進派 (きゅうしんは, kyūshinha)
Kazakh: радикал (radikal)
Korean: 급진파(急進派) (ko) (geupjinpa)
Maori: kaiwhakatuma
Polish: radykał (pl) m
Portuguese: radical (pt) m or f
Russian: радика́л (ru) m (radikál), радика́лка (ru) f (radikálka)
Ukrainian: радика́л m (radykál), радика́лка f (radykálka)

ring theory: ideal of elements of a ring sharing a certain given property

Italian: radicale (it) m

ring theory: intersection of maximal submodules of a module

Italian: radicale (it) m

number theory: product of the distinct prime factors of a given positive integer

Italian: radicale (it) m

References[edit]

radical in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
“radical”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
«radical» in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 251.

Anagrams[edit]

aldaric, cardial

Catalan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /rə.diˈkal/
(Valencian) IPA^(key): /ra.diˈkal/

Adjective[edit]

radical (masculine and feminine plural radicals)

radical

Derived terms[edit]

radicalment
radicalisme
radicalitzar

Noun[edit]

radical m or f (plural radicals)

radical

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Late Latin rādīcālis.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ʁa.di.kal/
Rhymes: -al
Homophones: radicale, radicales
Audio (France, Paris) (file)

Adjective[edit]

radical (feminine radicale, masculine plural radicaux, feminine plural radicales)

radical

L’idéologie islamiste radicale de Boko Haram a provoqué le déplacement de plus de deux millions de personnes dans le nord du Nigeria.

The radical Islamist ideology of Boko Haram caused more than two million persons to be displaced in northern Nigeria.

Noun[edit]

radical m (plural radicaux)

(linguistics, grammar) radical, root

Galician[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun[edit]

radical m (plural radicais)

radical (in various senses)

Derived terms[edit]

radicalismo
radicalizar
radicalmente

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁa.d͡ʒiˈkaw/ [ha.d͡ʒiˈkaʊ̯]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁa.d͡ʒiˈkaw/ [χa.d͡ʒiˈkaʊ̯]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɐ.diˈkal/ [ʁɐ.ðiˈkaɫ]

Rhymes: -al, -aw
Hyphenation: ra‧di‧cal

Noun[edit]

radical m (plural radicais)

(linguistic morphology) root (primary lexical unit of a word)

Synonym: raiz

Noun[edit]

radical m or f by sense (plural radicais)

radical (person holding unorthodox views)

Synonym: extremista

Adjective[edit]

radical m or f (plural radicais)

radical (favouring fundamental change)
drastic; extreme
(Brazil, slang) excellent; awesome; thrilling
(sports) extreme (dangerous)

Derived terms[edit]

radicalismo
radicalizar
radicalmente

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French radical or German Radikal.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ra.diˈkal/

Adjective[edit]

radical m or n (feminine singular radicală, masculine plural radicali, feminine and neuter plural radicale)

radical

Declension[edit]

[edit]

radicalist
radicaliza

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin rādīcālis.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /radiˈkal/ [ra.ð̞iˈkal]
Rhymes: -al
Syllabification: ra‧di‧cal

Adjective[edit]

radical (plural radicales)

radical, seismic

Derived terms[edit]

feminismo radical
radicalismo
radicalizar
radicalmente

Noun[edit]

radical m (plural radicales)

radical

Derived terms[edit]

radical libre

VIDEO FOR RADICAL

Do You Remember This Radical 80s Slang?

Origin of radical

synonym study for radical

historical usage of radical

OTHER WORDS FROM radical

Words nearby radical

Words related to radical

How to use radical in a sentence

British Dictionary definitions for radical

Derived forms of radical

Word Origin for radical

Scientific definitions for radical

Cultural definitions for radical (1 of 2)

Cultural definitions for radical (2 of 2)

notes for radical

rad·i·cal

radical

rad•i•cal

rad·i·cal

radical

radical

radical

radical

radical

radical

radical

radical

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Politics and ideology[edit]

Politics[edit]

Ideologies[edit]

Science and mathematics[edit]

Science[edit]

Mathematics[edit]

Linguistics[edit]

Arts and entertainment[edit]

Music[edit]

Architecture and design[edit]

Literature[edit]

Film[edit]

Other uses[edit]

See also[edit]

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

Translations[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

Translations[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

Further reading[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Noun[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Galician[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]