The word neon in neon

  • 1
    neon

    neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube нео́новая ла́мпа

    ;

    neon sign нео́новая вы́веска, рекла́ма

    Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > neon

  • 2
    neon

    Персональный Сократ > neon

  • 3
    neon

    [ˈni:ən]

    neon хим. неон neon attr. неоновый; neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа; neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама neon attr. неоновый; neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа; neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама neon attr. неоновый; neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа; neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама neon attr. неоновый; neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа; neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама sign: neon neon неоновая вывеска neon neon неоновая реклама neon attr. неоновый; neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа; neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама

    English-Russian short dictionary > neon

  • 4
    neon

    ˈni:ən
    1. сущ. хим. неон
    2. прил.;
    хим. неоновый neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube ≈ неоновая лампа neon sign ≈ неоновая вывеска, реклама( химическое) неон — * lamp неоновая лампа — * sign неоновая реклама /вывеска/
    neon хим. неон ~ attr. неоновый;
    neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа;
    neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама
    ~ attr. неоновый;
    neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа;
    neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама
    ~ attr. неоновый;
    neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа;
    neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама
    ~ attr. неоновый;
    neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа;
    neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама sign: neon ~ неоновая вывеска neon ~ неоновая реклама
    ~ attr. неоновый;
    neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа;
    neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > neon

  • 5
    neon

    English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > neon

  • 6
    neon

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > neon

  • 7
    neon

    Англо-русский технический словарь > neon

  • 8
    neon

    noun

    2) (

    attr.

    ) неоновый; neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube неоновая лампа; neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама

    * * *

    1 (a) неоновый

    * * *

    1. неон 2. неоновый

    * * *

    [ne·on || ‘nɪːɑn /-ɒn]
    неон

    * * *

    неон

    неоновый

    реклама

    * * *

    1. сущ.
    хим. неон
    2. прил.; хим.
    неоновый

    Новый англо-русский словарь > neon

  • 9
    neon

    [‘niːɔn]
    1.

    ;

    хим.

    2.

    ;

    хим.

    neon lamp, neon arc, neon tube — неоновая лампа

    neon sign — неоновая вывеска, реклама

    Англо-русский современный словарь > neon

  • 10
    neon

      неон; неоновый

    ♦ neon arc, neon lamp, neon tube неоновая лампа

    ♦ neon sign неоновая вывеска, реклама

    Англо-русский словарь по рекламе > neon

  • 11
    neon

    [ʹni:ɒn]

    хим.

    неон

    neon sign — неоновая реклама /вывеска/

    НБАРС > neon

  • 12
    neon

    English-russian biological dictionary > neon

  • 13
    neon

    неон
    имя прилагательное:

    имя существительное:

    Англо-русский синонимический словарь > neon

  • 14
    neon

    English-Russian base dictionary > neon

  • 15
    neon

    Dictionary English-Interslavic > neon

  • 16
    neon

    Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > neon

  • 17
    neon

    Англо-русский металлургический словарь > neon

  • 18
    NEON

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > NEON

  • 19
    neon

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > neon

  • 20
    Neon

    Англо-русский дорожно-транспортный словарь > Neon

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См. также в других словарях:

  • néon — néon …   Dictionnaire des rimes

  • NEON — Beschreibung junges Unisex Magazin Verlag Gruner und Jahr …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • néon — [ neɔ̃ ] n. m. • 1898; gr. neos « nouveau » et suff. on; cf. argon, krypton 1 ♦ Chim. Élément atomique (Ne; no at. 10; m. at. 20,18), gaz incolore de la série des gaz rares. Le néon à basse pression émet une lumière rouge lorsqu il est traversé… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Neon — Néon Néon Fluor ← Néo …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Néon — Fluor ← Néon → Sodium He …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Neon — ? Neon Самец Neon nelli Научная классификация Царство …   Википедия

  • neon — NEÓN s.n. Element chimic, gaz nobil neinflamabil, fără miros şi fără culoare, folosit la umplerea unor lămpi electrice. [pr.: ne on] – Din fr. néon. Trimis de LauraGellner, 08.06.2004. Sursa: DEX 98  neón s. n., simb. Ne Trimis de siveco,… …   Dicționar Român

  • Neon — Sn (ein Gas, das in Leuchtröhren verwendet wird) erw. fach. (20. Jh.) Neoklassische Bildung. Entlehnt aus ne. neon, dem substantivierten Neutrum von gr. néos jung, neu . So benannt als das neuentdeckte (Gas) .    Ebenso nndl. neon, ne. neon, nfrz …   Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache

  • neon — Symbol: Ne Atomic number: 10 Atomic weight: 20.183 Colourless gaseous element of group 18 on the periodic table (noble gases). Neon occurs in the atmosphere, and comprises 0.0018% of the volume of the atmosphere. It has a distinct reddish glow… …   Elements of periodic system

  • neon — (n.) 1898, coined by its discoverers, Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers, from Gk. neon, neuter of neos new (see NEW (Cf. new)); so called because it was newly discovered. Neon sign is attested from 1927 …   Etymology dictionary

  • neon — I {{/stl 13}}{{stl 8}}rz. mnż I, D. u, Mc. neonnie {{/stl 8}}{{stl 7}} napis, rysunek zrobiony z jedno lub wielokolorowych świetlówek, zapalany w nocy w celach reklamowych lub dekoracyjnych : {{/stl 7}}{{stl 10}}Na ulicach jarzyły się barwne… …   Langenscheidt Polski wyjaśnień

Источник

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Neon (disambiguation).

Neon, 10Ne

Neon discharge tube.jpg
Neon
Appearance colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in an electric field
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ne)
  • 20.1797±0.0006
  • 20.180±0.001 (abridged)[1]
Neon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
He
↑
Ne
↓
Ar
fluorine ← neon → sodium
Atomic number (Z) 10
Group group 18 (noble gases)
Period period 2
Block   p-block
Electron configuration [He] 2s2 2p6
Electrons per shell 2, 8
Physical properties
Phase at STP gas
Melting point 24.56 K ​(−248.59 °C, ​−415.46 °F)
Boiling point 27.104 K ​(−246.046 °C, ​−410.883 °F)
Density (at STP) 0.9002 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.) 1.207 g/cm3[2]
Triple point 24.556 K, ​43.37 kPa[3][4]
Critical point 44.4918 K, 2.7686 MPa[4]
Heat of fusion 0.335 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization 1.71 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity 20.79[5] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure

P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 12 13 15 18 21 27
Atomic properties
Oxidation states 0
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 2080.7 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 3952.3 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 6122 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius 58 pm
Van der Waals radius 154 pm

Color lines in a spectral range

Spectral lines of neon
Other properties
Natural occurrence primordial
Crystal structure ​face-centered cubic (fcc)

Face-centered cubic crystal structure for neon
Speed of sound 435 m/s (gas, at 0 °C)
Thermal conductivity 49.1×10−3 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic[6]
Molar magnetic susceptibility −6.74×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[7]
Bulk modulus 654 GPa
CAS Number 7440-01-9
History
Prediction William Ramsay (1897)
Discovery and first isolation William Ramsay & Morris Travers[8][9] (1898)
Isotopes of neon

  • v
  • e
Main isotopes[10] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
20Ne 90.5% stable
21Ne 0.27% stable
22Ne 9.25% stable
 Category: Neon

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Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is a noble gas.[11] Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. It was discovered (along with krypton and xenon) in 1898 as one of the three residual rare inert elements remaining in dry air, after nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide were removed. Neon was the second of these three rare gases to be discovered and was immediately recognized as a new element from its bright red emission spectrum. The name neon is derived from the Greek word, νέον, neuter singular form of νέος (neos), meaning ‘new’. Neon is chemically inert, and no uncharged neon compounds are known. The compounds of neon currently known include ionic molecules, molecules held together by van der Waals forces and clathrates.

During cosmic nucleogenesis of the elements, large amounts of neon are built up from the alpha-capture fusion process in stars. Although neon is a very common element in the universe and solar system (it is fifth in cosmic abundance after hydrogen, helium, oxygen and carbon), it is rare on Earth. It composes about 18.2 ppm of air by volume (this is about the same as the molecular or mole fraction) and a smaller fraction in Earth’s crust. The reason for neon’s relative scarcity on Earth and the inner (terrestrial) planets is that neon is highly volatile and forms no compounds to fix it to solids. As a result, it escaped from the planetesimals under the warmth of the newly ignited Sun in the early Solar System. Even the outer atmosphere of Jupiter is somewhat depleted of neon, although for a different reason.[12]

Neon gives a distinct reddish-orange glow when used in low-voltage neon glow lamps, high-voltage discharge tubes and neon advertising signs.[13][14] The red emission line from neon also causes the well known red light of helium–neon lasers. Neon is used in some plasma tube and refrigerant applications but has few other commercial uses. It is commercially extracted by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Since air is the only source, it is considerably more expensive than helium.

History[edit]

Neon was discovered in 1898 by the British chemists Sir William Ramsay (1852–1916) and Morris Travers (1872–1961) in London.[15] Neon was discovered when Ramsay chilled a sample of air until it became a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the gases as they boiled off. The gases nitrogen, oxygen, and argon had been identified, but the remaining gases were isolated in roughly their order of abundance, in a six-week period beginning at the end of May 1898. First to be identified was krypton. The next, after krypton had been removed, was a gas which gave a brilliant red light under spectroscopic discharge. This gas, identified in June, was named «neon», the Greek analogue of the Latin novum (‘new’)[16] suggested by Ramsay’s son. The characteristic brilliant red-orange color emitted by gaseous neon when excited electrically was noted immediately. Travers later wrote: «the blaze of crimson light from the tube told its own story and was a sight to dwell upon and never forget.»[17]

A second gas was also reported along with neon, having approximately the same density as argon but with a different spectrum – Ramsay and Travers named it metargon.[18][19] However, subsequent spectroscopic analysis revealed it to be argon contaminated with carbon monoxide. Finally, the same team discovered xenon by the same process, in September 1898.[18]

Neon’s scarcity precluded its prompt application for lighting along the lines of Moore tubes, which used nitrogen and which were commercialized in the early 1900s. After 1902, Georges Claude’s company Air Liquide produced industrial quantities of neon as a byproduct of his air-liquefaction business. In December 1910 Claude demonstrated modern neon lighting based on a sealed tube of neon. Claude tried briefly to sell neon tubes for indoor domestic lighting, due to their intensity, but the market failed because homeowners objected to the color. In 1912, Claude’s associate began selling neon discharge tubes as eye-catching advertising signs and was instantly more successful. Neon tubes were introduced to the U.S. in 1923 with two large neon signs bought by a Los Angeles Packard car dealership. The glow and arresting red color made neon advertising completely different from the competition.[20] The intense color and vibrancy of neon equated with American society at the time, suggesting a «century of progress» and transforming cities into sensational new environments filled with radiating advertisements and «electro-graphic architecture».[21][22]

Neon played a role in the basic understanding of the nature of atoms in 1913, when J. J. Thomson, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays, channeled streams of neon ions through a magnetic and an electric field and measured the deflection of the streams with a photographic plate. Thomson observed two separate patches of light on the photographic plate (see image), which suggested two different parabolas of deflection. Thomson eventually concluded that some of the atoms in the neon gas were of higher mass than the rest. Though not understood at the time by Thomson, this was the first discovery of isotopes of stable atoms. Thomson’s device was a crude version of the instrument we now term a mass spectrometer.

Isotopes[edit]

The first evidence for isotopes of a stable element was provided in 1913 by experiments on neon plasma. In the bottom right corner of J. J. Thomson’s photographic plate are the separate impact marks for the two isotopes neon-20 and neon-22.

Neon has three stable isotopes: 20Ne (90.48%), 21Ne (0.27%) and 22Ne (9.25%).[23]

21Ne and 22Ne are partly primordial and partly nucleogenic (i.e. made by nuclear reactions of other nuclides with neutrons or other particles in the environment) and their variations in natural abundance are well understood. In contrast, 20Ne (the chief primordial isotope made in stellar nucleosynthesis) is not known to be nucleogenic or radiogenic, except from the decay of oxygen-20, which is produced in very rare cases of cluster decay by thorium-228. The causes of the variation of 20Ne in the Earth have thus been hotly debated.[24][25]

The principal nuclear reactions generating nucleogenic neon isotopes start from 24Mg and 25Mg, which produce 21Ne and 22Ne respectively, after neutron capture and immediate emission of an alpha particle. The neutrons that produce the reactions are mostly produced by secondary spallation reactions from alpha particles, in turn derived from uranium-series decay chains. The net result yields a trend towards lower 20Ne/22Ne and higher 21Ne/22Ne ratios observed in uranium-rich rocks such as granites.[25]

In addition, isotopic analysis of exposed terrestrial rocks has demonstrated the cosmogenic (cosmic ray) production of 21Ne. This isotope is generated by spallation reactions on magnesium, sodium, silicon, and aluminium. By analyzing all three isotopes, the cosmogenic component can be resolved from magmatic neon and nucleogenic neon. This suggests that neon will be a useful tool in determining cosmic exposure ages of surface rocks and meteorites.[26]

Neon in solar wind contains a higher proportion of 20Ne than nucleogenic and cosmogenic sources.[25] Neon content observed in samples of volcanic gases and diamonds is also enriched in 20Ne, suggesting a primordial, possibly solar origin.[27]

Characteristics[edit]

Neon is the second-lightest noble gas, after helium. It glows reddish-orange in a vacuum discharge tube. It has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity (per unit volume) of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen.[2] In most applications it is a less expensive refrigerant than helium.[28][29]

Spectrum of neon with ultraviolet (at left) and infrared (at right) lines shown in white

Neon plasma has the most intense light discharge at normal voltages and currents of all the noble gases. The average color of this light to the human eye is red-orange due to many lines in this range; it also contains a strong green line, which is hidden, unless the visual components are dispersed by a spectroscope.[30]

Two quite different kinds of neon lighting are in common use. Neon glow lamps are generally tiny, with most operating between 100 and 250 volts.[31] They have been widely used as power-on indicators and in circuit-testing equipment, but light-emitting diodes (LEDs) now dominate in those applications. These simple neon devices were the forerunners of plasma displays and plasma television screens.[32][33] Neon signs typically operate at much higher voltages (2–15 kilovolts), and the luminous tubes are commonly meters long.[34] The glass tubing is often formed into shapes and letters for signage, as well as architectural and artistic applications.

Occurrence[edit]

Stable isotopes of neon are produced in stars. Neon’s most abundant isotope 20Ne (90.48%) is created by the nuclear fusion of carbon and carbon in the carbon-burning process of stellar nucleosynthesis. This requires temperatures above 500 megakelvins, which occur in the cores of stars of more than 8 solar masses.[35][36]

Neon is abundant on a universal scale; it is the fifth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon (see chemical element).[37] Its relative rarity on Earth, like that of helium, is due to its relative lightness, high vapor pressure at very low temperatures, and chemical inertness, all properties which tend to keep it from being trapped in the condensing gas and dust clouds that formed the smaller and warmer solid planets like Earth.
Neon is monatomic, making it lighter than the molecules of diatomic nitrogen and oxygen which form the bulk of Earth’s atmosphere; a balloon filled with neon will rise in air, albeit more slowly than a helium balloon.[38]

Neon’s abundance in the universe is about 1 part in 750; in the Sun and presumably in the proto-solar system nebula, about 1 part in 600. The Galileo spacecraft atmospheric entry probe found that even in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, the abundance of neon is reduced (depleted) by about a factor of 10, to a level of 1 part in 6,000 by mass. This may indicate that even the ice-planetesimals, which brought neon into Jupiter from the outer solar system, formed in a region which was too warm to retain the neon atmospheric component (abundances of heavier inert gases on Jupiter are several times that found in the Sun).[39]

Neon comprises 1 part in 55,000 in the Earth’s atmosphere, or 18.2 ppm by volume (this is about the same as the molecule or mole fraction), or 1 part in 79,000 of air by mass. It comprises a smaller fraction in the crust. It is industrially produced by cryogenic fractional distillation of liquefied air.[2]

On 17 August 2015, based on studies with the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft, NASA scientists reported the detection of neon in the exosphere of the moon.[40]

Chemistry[edit]

Neon is the first p-block noble gas, and the first element with a true octet of electrons. It is inert: as is the case with its lighter analogue, helium, no strongly bound neutral molecules containing neon have been identified. The ions [NeAr]+, [NeH]+, and [HeNe]+ have been observed from optical and mass spectrometric studies.[2] Solid neon clathrate hydrate was produced from water ice and neon gas at pressures 350–480 MPa and temperatures about −30 °C.[42] Ne atoms are not bonded to water and can freely move through this material. They can be extracted by placing the clathrate into a vacuum chamber for several days, yielding ice XVI, the least dense crystalline form of water.[41]

The familiar Pauling electronegativity scale relies upon chemical bond energies, but such values have obviously not been measured for inert helium and neon. The Allen electronegativity scale, which relies only upon (measurable) atomic energies, identifies neon as the most electronegative element, closely followed by fluorine and helium.[43]

The triple point temperature of neon (24.5561 K) is a defining fixed point in the International Temperature Scale of 1990.[44]

Production[edit]

Neon is produced from air in cryogenic air-separation plants. A gas-phase mixture mainly of nitrogen, neon, and helium is withdrawn from the main condenser at the top of the high-pressure air-separation column and fed to the bottom of a side column for rectification of the neon.[45] It can then be further purified from helium.

About 70% of the global neon supply is produced in Ukraine[46] as a by-product of steel production in Russia.[47] As of 2020, the company Iceblick, with plants in Odesa and Moscow, supplies 65% of the world’s production of neon, as well as 15% of the krypton and xenon.[48][49]

2022 shortage[edit]

Global neon prices jumped by about 600% after the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea,[50] spurring some chip manufacturers to start shifting away from Russian and Ukrainian suppliers[51] and toward suppliers in China.[49] The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine also shut down two companies in Ukraine: LLC «Cryoin engineering» (Ukrainian: ТОВ «Кріоін Інжинірінг») and LLC «Inhaz» (Ukrainian: ТОВ «ІНГАЗ») located in Odesa and Mariupol respectively; that produced about half of the global supply.[50] The closure was predicted to likely exacerbate COVID-19 chip shortage,[49][48] which may further shift neon production to China.[51]

Applications[edit]

Neon is often used in signs and produces an unmistakable bright reddish-orange light. Although tube lights with other colors are often called «neon», they use different noble gases or varied colors of fluorescent lighting.

Neon is used in vacuum tubes, high-voltage indicators, lightning arresters, wavemeter tubes, television tubes, and helium–neon lasers. Liquefied neon is commercially used as a cryogenic refrigerant in applications not requiring the lower temperature range attainable with more extreme liquid-helium refrigeration.

Neon, as liquid or gas, is relatively expensive – for small quantities, the price of liquid neon can be more than 55 times that of liquid helium. Driving neon’s expense is the rarity of neon, which, unlike helium, can only be obtained in usable quantities by filtering it out of the atmosphere.

Semiconductor industry[edit]

As of 2022 gas mixtures that include neon are used to power lasers for EUV lithography.[50]

See also[edit]

  • Expansion ratio
  • Neon sign
  • Neon lamp

References[edit]

  1. ^ «Standard Atomic Weights: Neon». CIAAW. 1985.
  2. ^ a b c d Hammond, C. R. (2000). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition (PDF). CRC press. p. 19. ISBN 0849304814.
  3. ^ Preston-Thomas, H. (1990). «The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)». Metrologia. 27 (1): 3–10. Bibcode:1990Metro..27….3P. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002.
  4. ^ a b Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
  5. ^ Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). «Noble Gases». in Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, pages 343–383. Wiley. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.pub2
  6. ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  7. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  8. ^ Ramsay, William; Travers, Morris W. (1898). «On the Companions of Argon». Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 63 (1): 437–440. doi:10.1098/rspl.1898.0057.
  9. ^ «Neon: History». Softciências. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  10. ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). «The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties» (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  11. ^ Group 18 refers to the modern numbering of the periodic table. Older numberings described the rare gases as Group 0 or Group VIIIA (sometimes shortened to 8). See also Group (periodic table).
  12. ^ Wilson, Hugh F.; Militzer, Burkhard (March 2010), «Sequestration of Noble Gases in Giant Planet Interiors», Physical Review Letters, 104 (12): 121101, arXiv:1003.5940, Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104l1101W, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.121101, PMID 20366523, S2CID 9850759, 121101.
  13. ^ Coyle, Harold P. (2001). Project STAR: The Universe in Your Hands. Kendall Hunt. p. 464. ISBN 978-0-7872-6763-6.
  14. ^ Kohmoto, Kohtaro (1999). «Phosphors for lamps». In Shionoya, Shigeo; Yen, William M. (eds.). Phosphor Handbook. CRC Press. p. 940. ISBN 978-0-8493-7560-6.
  15. ^ Ramsay, William; Travers, Morris W. (1898). «On the Companions of Argon». Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 63 (1): 437–440. doi:10.1098/rspl.1898.0057. S2CID 98818445.
  16. ^ «Neon: History». Softciências. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  17. ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (2003). Discovery of the Elements: Third Edition (reprint). Kessinger Publishing. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-7661-3872-8. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015.
  18. ^ a b
    Ramsay, Sir William (12 December 1904). «Nobel Lecture – The Rare Gases of the Atmosphere». nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  19. ^ Ramsay, William; Travers, Morris W. (1898). «On the Companions of Argon». Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 63 (1): 437–440. doi:10.1098/rspl.1898.0057. ISSN 0370-1662. S2CID 98818445.
  20. ^ Mangum, Aja (8 December 2007). «Neon: A Brief History». New York Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  21. ^ Golec, Michael J. (2010). «Logo/Local Intensities: Lacan, the Discourse of the Other, and the Solicitation to «Enjoy»«. Design and Culture. 2 (2): 167–181. doi:10.2752/175470710X12696138525622. S2CID 144257608.
  22. ^ Wolfe, Tom (October 1968). «Electro-Graphic Architecture». Architecture Canada.
  23. ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). «The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties» (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  24. ^ Dickin, Alan P (2005). «Neon». Radiogenic isotope geology. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-521-82316-6.
  25. ^ a b c Resources on Isotopes Periodic Table—Neon at the U.S. Geological Survey, by Eric Caldwell, posted January 2004, retrieved 10 February 2011
  26. ^ «Neon: Isotopes». Softciências. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  27. ^ Anderson, Don L. «Helium, Neon & Argon». Mantleplumes.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2006. Retrieved 2 July 2006.
  28. ^ «NASSMC: News Bulletin». 30 December 2005. Archived from the original on 13 February 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2007.
  29. ^ Mukhopadhyay, Mamata (2012). Fundamentals of Cryogenic Engineering. p. 195. ISBN 9788120330573. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017.
  30. ^ «Plasma». Archived from the original on 7 March 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2007.
  31. ^ Baumann, Edward (1966). Applications of Neon Lamps and Gas Discharge Tubes. Carlton Press.
  32. ^ Myers, Robert L. (2002). Display interfaces: fundamentals and standards. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 69–71. ISBN 978-0-471-49946-6. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Plasma displays are closely related to the simple neon lamp.
  33. ^ Weber, Larry F. (April 2006). «History of the plasma display panel». IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 34 (2): 268–278. Bibcode:2006ITPS…34..268W. doi:10.1109/TPS.2006.872440. S2CID 20290119. Paid access.
  34. ^ «ANSI Luminous Tube Footage Chart» (PDF). American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010. Reproduction of a chart in the catalog of a lighting company in Toronto; the original ANSI specification is not given.
  35. ^ Clayton, Donald (2003). Handbook of Isotopes in the Cosmos: Hydrogen to Gallium. Cambridge University Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0521823814.
  36. ^ Ryan, Sean G.; Norton, Andrew J. (2010). Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis. Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-521-13320-3.
  37. ^ Asplund, Martin; Grevesse, Nicolas; Sauval, A. Jacques; Scott, Pat (2009). «The Chemical Composition of the Sun». Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 47 (1): 481–522. arXiv:0909.0948. Bibcode:2009ARA&A..47..481A. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222. S2CID 17921922.
  38. ^ Gallagher, R.; Ingram, P. (19 July 2001). Chemistry for Higher Tier. University Press. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-19-914817-2.
  39. ^ Morse, David (26 January 1996). «Galileo Probe Science Result». Galileo Project. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  40. ^ Steigerwald, William (17 August 2015). «NASA’s LADEE Spacecraft Finds Neon in Lunar Atmosphere». NASA. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  41. ^ a b Falenty, Andrzej; Hansen, Thomas C.; Kuhs, Werner F. (2014). «Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate». Nature. 516 (7530): 231–3. Bibcode:2014Natur.516..231F. doi:10.1038/nature14014. PMID 25503235. S2CID 4464711.
  42. ^ Yu, X.; Zhu, J.; Du, S.; Xu, H.; Vogel, S. C.; Han, J.; Germann, T. C.; Zhang, J.; Jin, C.; Francisco, J. S.; Zhao, Y. (2014). «Crystal structure and encapsulation dynamics of ice II-structured neon hydrate». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (29): 10456–61. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11110456Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1410690111. PMC 4115495. PMID 25002464.
  43. ^ Allen, Leland C. (1989). «Electronegativity is the average one-electron energy of the valence-shell electrons in ground-state free atoms». Journal of the American Chemical Society. 111 (25): 9003–9014. doi:10.1021/ja00207a003.
  44. ^ «The Internet resource for the International Temperature Scale of 1990». Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  45. ^ Shreve, R. Norris; Brink, Joseph (1977). Chemical Process Industries (4th ed.). p. 113. ISBN 0-07-057145-7.
  46. ^ Mukul, Pranav (29 March 2022). «Explained: Why the Russia-Ukraine crisis may lead to a shortage in semiconductors». MSN. The Indian Express.
  47. ^ Alper, Alexandra (11 March 2022). «Exclusive: Russia’s attack on Ukraine halts half of world’s neon output for chips». Reuters. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  48. ^ a b «Rare Gasses Supplier Known for Innovation». The European Times. 2020.
  49. ^ a b c Ukraine war flashes neon warning lights for chips, Reuters, 25 February 2022
  50. ^ a b c Times, Financial (4 March 2022). «Low on gas: Ukraine invasion chokes supply of neon needed for chipmaking». Ars Technica. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  51. ^ a b «Chipmakers see limited impact for now, as Russia invades Ukraine». CNBC. 24 February 2022.

External links[edit]

  • Neon at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
  • WebElements.com – Neon.
  • It’s Elemental – Neon
  • USGS Periodic Table – Neon
  • Atomic Spectrum of Neon
  • Neon Museum, Las Vegas
Источник

неоновый, неон

существительное ↓

- неон

neon lamp — неоновая лампа 
neon sign — неоновая реклама /вывеска/ 

Мои примеры

Словосочетания

the neon lights of Las Vegas — неоновые огни Лас-Вегаса  
a noble gas such as helium or neon — инертный / благородный газ, например, гелий или неон  
neon-digital display — цифровой неоновый указатель  
neon flying squid — кальмар-бартраме  
neon indicating light — неоновая индикаторная лампа  
neon indicator tube — неоновый индикаторный прибор; неоновая индикаторная лампа  
neon indicator wavemeter — волномер с неоновым индикатором  
neon indicator — индикатор на неоновой лампе; неоновый указатель; неоновый индикатор  
neon inks — флюоресцирующие чернила  
neon laser — неоновый лазер  
neon-neon heat exchanger — неон-неоновый теплообменник  
satellites in the neon atom — сателлиты в атоме неона  

Примеры с переводом

Many shops in Japan now carry neon signs with Romanized names. 

Теперь на многих магазинах в Японии есть неоновые вывески с названиями, написанными латинскими буквами.

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

A neon sign flashed on and off above the door.  

…flaring neon signs advertising all manner of amusement for tourists at the beach town…  

Для того чтобы добавить вариант перевода, кликните по иконке ☰, напротив примера.

Возможные однокоренные слова

neonate  — новорожденный

Источник

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I’m not one for neon colors.

Ashley Wagner

section

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD NEON

Via New Latin from Greek neon new.

info

Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.

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PRONUNCIATION OF NEON

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF NEON

Neon is a noun.

A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES NEON MEAN IN ENGLISH?

neon

Neon

Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. It was discovered in 1898 as one of the three residual rare inert elements remaining in dry air, after nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide are removed. Neon was the second of these three rare gases to be discovered, and was immediately recognized as a new element from its bright red emission spectrum. The name neon is derived from the Greek word, νέον, neuter singular form of νέος, meaning new. Neon is chemically inert and forms no uncharged chemical compounds. During cosmic nucleogenesis of the elements, large amounts of neon are built up from the alpha-capture fusion process in stars. Although neon is a very common element in the universe and solar system, it is very rare on Earth. It composes about 18.2 ppm of air by volume, and a smaller fraction in Earth’s crust.


Definition of neon in the English dictionary

The definition of neon in the dictionary is a colourless odourless rare gaseous element, an inert gas occurring in trace amounts in the atmosphere: used in illuminated signs and lights. Symbol: Ne; atomic no: 10; atomic wt: 20.1797; valency: 0; density: 0.899 90 kg/m³; melting pt: –248.59°C; boiling pt: –246.08°C. Other definition of neon is of or illuminated by neon or neon lamps.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH NEON

Synonyms and antonyms of neon in the English dictionary of synonyms

Translation of «neon» into 25 languages

online translator

TRANSLATION OF NEON

Find out the translation of neon to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

The translations of neon from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «neon» in English.

Translator English — Chinese


霓虹灯

1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English — Spanish


neón

570 millions of speakers

English


neon

510 millions of speakers

Translator English — Hindi


नीयन

380 millions of speakers

Translator English — Arabic


غَازُ الْنِيُون

280 millions of speakers

Translator English — Russian


неон

278 millions of speakers

Translator English — Portuguese


néon

270 millions of speakers

Translator English — Bengali


neomycin

260 millions of speakers

Translator English — French


néon

220 millions of speakers

Translator English — Malay


Neomycin

190 millions of speakers

Translator English — German


Neon

180 millions of speakers

Translator English — Japanese


ネオン

130 millions of speakers

Translator English — Korean


네온

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Javanese


Neomycin

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Vietnamese


nê ông

80 millions of speakers

Translator English — Tamil


நியோமைசினால்

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Marathi


नेमोसायन

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Turkish


neomisin

70 millions of speakers

Translator English — Italian


neon

65 millions of speakers

Translator English — Polish


neon

50 millions of speakers

Translator English — Ukrainian


неон

40 millions of speakers

Translator English — Romanian


neon

30 millions of speakers

Translator English — Greek


νέον

15 millions of speakers

Translator English — Afrikaans


neon

14 millions of speakers

Translator English — Swedish


neon

10 millions of speakers

Translator English — Norwegian


neon

5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of neon

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «NEON»

The term «neon» is very widely used and occupies the 7.325 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Trends

FREQUENCY

Very widely used

The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «neon» in the different countries.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of neon

List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «neon».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «NEON» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «neon» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «neon» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about neon

8 QUOTES WITH «NEON»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word neon.

Miami Beach is where neon goes to die.

I’m obsessed with neon sneakers.

My hair is such a statement that it’s like a neon sign asking for trouble.

I feel weird without lipstick. Even after the first time I wore a really neon pink or a really bright red, I felt really strange without it there. My lips are a main feature, so I feel naked without them.

The first thing that matters: I am a child of the eighties. I grew up in a neon wonderland of talking horses, compassionate bears, hair that didn’t move in a stiff wind, and the constant threat of nuclear war.

Like the skyscraper, the automobile, and the motion-picture palace, neon signs once symbolized popular hopes for a new era of technological achievement and commercial abundance. From the 1920s to the 1950s, neon-lit streets pulsed with visual excitement from Vancouver to Miami.

It’s funny because I want my teeth to be, like, neon ‘Real Housewives’ white, but mine have stopped taking to teeth whitening. When I talk to my dentist, I’m like, ‘They can be that white,’ and he’s like, ‘Veneers can be that white.’

I’m not one for neon colors.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «NEON»

Discover the use of neon in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to neon and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

This volume is a treasure for all who have been captured by the spell of vintage neon.

Explains the characteristics of neon, where it is found, how it is used by humans, and its relationship to other elements found in the periodic table.

John Kennedy Toole—who won a posthumous Pulitzer Prize for his best-selling comic masterpiece A Confederacy of Dunces—wroteThe Neon Bible for a literary contest at the age of sixteen.

4

High-Performance Dodge Neon Builder’s Handbook

A helpful chapter on how and where to go racing is also included, as well as a handy source guide. If you want to make your Neon the hottest sport compact on the street, this is the book for you.

5

Beneath the Neon: Life and Death in the Tunnels of Las Vegas

Beneath the Neon: Life and Death in the Tunnels of Las Vegas chronicles O’Brien’s adventures in subterranean Las Vegas.

6

Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Unofficial Guide

Answers many of the questions this animated story has raised, from the material world of New Tokyo 3 and the mechanics of the Evas to the spiritual significance of the battle to destroy the angels.

Cocoro Books, Martin Foster, 2004

7

The Noble Gases: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

Introduces the Noble Gases and teaches how these elements are connected, found, used, and structured.

8

Neon Metropolis: How Las Vegas Started the Twenty-first Century

First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

‘Algren’s short stories are now generally acknowledged to be literary triumphs’ — NY Times ‘Since the publication of The Neon Wilderness.

10

The Neon Rain: A Dave Robicheaux Novel

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLING AUTHOR JAMES LEE BURKE THE NEON RAIN Detective Dave Robicheaux has fought too many battles: in Vietnam, with killers and hustlers, with police brass, and with the bottle.

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «NEON»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term neon is used in the context of the following news items.

VIDEO: Neon Trees Perform ‘Songs I Can’t Listen To’ on LATE NIGHT

On last night’s LATE NIGHT, music guest Neon Trees performed «Songs I Can’t Listen To.» Watch the appearance below! About LATE NIGHT … «Broadway World, Jul 15»

Go bold and brighter: Tips for using wild neon colors of makeup

Spring and summer bloom with a vibrant array of indulgent color: a fanfare of fuchsia, sunshine-yellow, neon-orange and bright purple in … «Los Angeles Times, Jul 15»

Neon Trees represent BYU, Fight the New Drug on ‘Late Night with …

Two members of the Provo band Neon Trees, bassist Branden Campbell and drummer Elaine Bradley, sported T-shirts supporting Brigham … «Deseret News, Jul 15»

Past Meets Present Wit This Nike Air Max Tavas «Neon

The Nike Air Max 95 will be releasing in the much beloved OG Neon colorway this weekend and many people are hyped about being able to … «KicksOnFire.com, Jul 15»

Jenna Dewan-Tatum Stuns In A Neon Orange Dress And Matching …

Channing Tatum’s wife has pretty much got it all — an insanely gorgeous husband, the most adorable baby girl I ever did see, and a sense of … «Bustle, Jul 15»

NetEnt releases Sparks, a new neon-themed slot

A neon-themed range of color schemes provide a distinctive feel to each playing option. Sparks is a 5-reel, 3-row, 20-line video slot featuring … «Casino City Times, Jul 15»

The Jordan Future Gives Props To The Neon 95

The Jordan Future Low hasn’t come armed with the hype when the model was first introduced last year, but the lowtop Air Jordan … «Sneaker News, Jul 15»

Neon Museum crowdfunding Desert Rose sign restoration

Las Vegas’ Neon Museum on Tuesday announced it has launched a crowdfunding campaign in order to restore and preserve the Desert Rose … «KVVU Las Vegas, Jul 15»

DYMO Introduces Limited Edition Neon Labels

ATLANTA, July 21, 2015 /PRNewswire/ — DYMO, provider of innovative labeling solutions, today announced a line of limited edition Neon Labels. The new … «PR Newswire, Jul 15»

Property owners displaced by Project Neon hold out for more …

An industrially zoned dirt lot next to the noisy I-15 may not seem like prime real estate, but in the context of Project Neon, a multibillion-dollar … «Las Vegas Sun, Jul 15»

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Neon [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/neon>. Apr 2023 ».

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Источник

yand2

Неоновые надписи всегда необычны и атмосферны, пробуждают фантазии и мысли о будущем, киберпанке, о развлечениях и не только. Неоновые надписи мотивируют, призывают к действию, их размещают у себя дома на стене, в кафе, баре или офисе. Применений светящимся буквам множество, используют их даже в веб-дизайне или иных печатных проектах. Важно не столько анимация переливов, сколько характерный шрифт, яркость и свечение красок.

Мы подобрали для вас несколько характерных неоновых шрифтов с поддержкой русского алфавита, а также и неоновые стили .PSD, которые позволят вам настроить или вдохновиться неоновыми надписями.

О том, как воспользоваться новыми шрифтами в Photoshop и как их правильно установить, можно ознакомиться в нашей Инструкции «Как установить шрифт в Photoshop»

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Источник

Tea Addict


  • #1

Hello everyone. I would like to know what «in neon lighting» means in the following sentences:

There was a binnacle-top with the compass light just visible, there was an order shouted, hung up there for all heaven and earth to see

in neon lighting

.
“Hard a-starboard, for Christ’s sake!”
Water washed into his mouth and he jerked into consciousness with a sound that was half a snore and half a choke. The day was inexorably present in green and grey.

— William Golding, Pincher Martin, Chapter 1

This is a novel published in the United Kingdom in 1956. The novel mainly follows the state of mind of a sailor called Christopher «Pincher» Martin, a temporary naval lieutenant who is apparently desperately fighting for his life in the Atlantic after the military ship has sunk. Here, he is struggling in the sea. He remembers inside his mind that, before his ship was hit by a torpedo, he gave the right order from the bridge («Hard a-starboard»).

In this part, I wonder what the underlined expression would mean.
I assume that the words of the order («Hard a-starboard») are scribbled in the air very visibly…
But would «neon lighting» mean that the words are illuminated by the neon light projected from some other light bulb? Or would that mean that the words themselves were in neon colours…?

I would very much appreciate your help. :)

    • #2

    The words written in neon.

    Tea Addict


    • #3

    Dear AutumnOwl,

    Thank you very much for the explanation.
    So «neon» here might have the following meaning in our WRD!

    neon — WordReference.com Dictionary of English
    2. Chemistrya sign or advertising sign formed from a type of electrical lamp containing neon:His name was in neon everywhere in the theater district.

    In that case, would it be okay to understand that «lighting» in «neon lighting» means «the illuminating device such as light bulbs» rather than «the act of lighting itself» or «the light from the illuminating device»…?

    • #4

    Neon light (tubes) shine in the dark, they have been used for signs for theatres and advertising. PM most likely imagined seeing the words shine like an advertising in front of his eyes.
    Neon lighting — Wikipedia

    Tea Addict


    • #5

    Dear AutumnOwl,

    Thank you very much for the explanation and the link!
    So «neon lighting» itself means «neon tubes» that shine in the dark. Then «lighting» means «lighting devices» rather than the light itself!

    And the words here are made into lighted neon tubes, like this:

    GettyImages-874541852-5c4aad0146e0fb0001f8bbe4.jpg

    I sincerely appreciate your help, for letting me understand. :)

    • #6

    Neon lighting means both the tubes, and the light emitted from them. PM would not have seen the words in the darkness unless they were lit.

    • #7

    There was a binnacle-top with the compass light just visible, there was an order shouted, hung up there for all heaven and earth to see

    in neon lighting

    .

    It wasn’t mentioned yet but I trust you realize that this is used as a figure of speech, right?
    The special property of neon light is that it is prominent, it stands out from standard lighting. The author is saying that the «shouted order stood out (maybe from the silence of the night) as though it was hung up there in the sky in neon lighting».

    Tea Addict


    • #8

    Dear AutumnOwl and manfy,

    Thank you very much for the explanations!
    So «lighting» both means the light tubes as well as the light emanating from the tubes.

    And the narrator is saying that the words of the order is very visible, stands out, as if the order is written in neon tubes/lit in neon light.

    I sincerely appreciate your help, for letting me understand. :)

    • #9

    And the narrator is saying that the words of the order is very visible, stands out, as if the order is written in neon tubes/lit in neon light.

    Yes, the «as if» is the important thing here. There is no actual neon lighting. The «for Christ’s sake» part of the order indicates the urgency or desperation that lies in the voice. If the order to turn right is not carried out immediately, something terrible is going to happen. Perhaps the ship is going to hit something. Is he perhaps remembering the incident that led to the ship

    actually

    hitting something, and then sinking as a result?

    Tea Addict


    • #10

    Dear Edinburgher,

    Thank you very much for the explanation.
    So the important point here is «as if» it was in neon lighting!

    Is he perhaps remembering the incident that led to the ship

    actually

    hitting something, and then sinking as a result?

    I guess he is remembering the past incident of shipwreck, because he is now floating in the seawater because of that shipwreck… His naval ship was torpedoed, and he is now struggling in the water.

    I sincerely appreciate your help, for letting me understand. :)

    • #11

    I see. The person giving the order must have seen the torpedo coming, and was trying to get the ship to turn and move out of its path, but it was too late.

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