The word long in latin

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English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /lɒŋ/
  • (Conservative RP) IPA^(key): /lɔːŋ/
• (General American) enPR: lông, IPA^(key): /lɔŋ/
• (cot–caught merger, Canada) enPR: läng, IPA^(key): /lɑŋ/
• (Black Country) enPR: lo͝oŋg, IPA^(key): /lʊŋɡ/
• Rhymes: -ɒŋ
• Hyphenation: long

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English long, lang, from Old English long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”). Cognate with Scots lang (“long”), North Frisian long, lung (“long”), Saterland Frisian loang (“long”), Norwegian, West Frisian, Dutch and German lang (“long”), Swedish lång (“long”), Icelandic langur (“long”), Portuguese longo (“long”), Spanish luengo (“long”), Latin longus (“long”), Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj), долго (dolgo), Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”).

The word exceptionally retains the Old English darkening of -a- before nasals. Though there are other such examples in Middle and Modern English (e.g. bond, song), the o-form may have been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.

Adjective[edit]

long (comparative longer, superlative longest)

2. Having much distance from one terminating point on an object or an area to another terminating point (usually applies to horizontal dimensions; see Usage Notes below).

   It’s a long way from the Earth to the Moon.

   How long was your newborn baby?

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.

3. Having great duration.

   The pyramids of Egypt have been around for a long time.

4. Seeming to last a lot of time, due to being boring or tedious or tiring.

   • 1877, Anna Sewell, “Chapter 23”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC:

     What I suffered with that rein for four long months in my lady’s carriage, it would be hard to describe, but I am quite sure that, had it lasted much longer, either my health or my temper would have given way.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     I had occasion […] to make a somewhat long business trip to Chicago, and on my return […] I found Farrar awaiting me in the railway station. He smiled his wonted fraction by way of greeting, […] , and finally leading me to his buggy, turned and drove out of town. I was completely mystified at such an unusual proceeding.

5. (Britain, dialect) Not short; tall.

   • The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone [the sponsor] long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it.

7. (finance) Possessing or owning stocks, bonds, commodities, or other financial instruments with the aim of benefiting from an expected rise in their value.

   Coordinate term: short

   I’m long in DuPont.

8. (cricket) Of a fielding position, close to the boundary (or closer to the boundary than the equivalent short position).
9. Passing or landing ahead of or beyond the intended target or location, as weapons fire or landing aircraft.

   The plane touched down long and overran the end of the runway.

   • 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, Guadalcanal Campaign — The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN)‎^[2], archived from the original on 7 November 2022, 28:10 from the start:

     Juneau was making good time with the other surviving U.S. Navy ships, despite her damage, when the I-26 spotted her and sent a salvo of Type 95 torpedoes in her direction. Passing between the Helena and San Francisco, some indication being they had actually been shot at the San Francisco and gone long because San Francisco was travelling significantly slower than expected, they nonetheless hit Juneau and detonated the ship’s magazine.

10. (tennis, of a ball or a shot) Landing beyond the baseline, and therefore deemed to be out.

    That forehand is long.

11. (gambling) Of betting odds, offering a very large return for a small wager.
12. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away.

    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IIII, Canto IIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 55:

      But Campbell thus did ſhut vp all in ieſt, / Braue Knights and Ladies, certes ye doe wrong / To ſtirre vp ſtrife, when moſt vs needeth reſt, / That we may vs reſerue both freſh and ſtrong, / Againſt the Turneiment which is not long.

Usage notes[edit]

• Wide is usually used instead of long when referring to a horizontal dimension (left to right).
• Tall or high are usually used instead of long when referring to positive vertical dimension (upwards), and deep when referring to negative vertical dimension (downwards).

Synonyms[edit]

• (having much distance from one point to another): deep (vertically downwards), extended, high (vertically upwards), lengthy, tall
• (having great duration): extended, lengthy, prolonged

Antonyms[edit]

• (having much distance from one point to another): low (vertically upwards), shallow (vertically upwards or downwards), short
• (having great duration): brief, short

Hyponyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

• broad
• wide

Noun[edit]

long (plural longs)

1. (linguistics) A long vowel.
   • 1877, Henry Sweet, A Handbook of Phonetics (volume 2, page 60)

     In French most vowels are half-long, and are only occasionally lengthened or shortened into full longs and shorts.

2. (prosody) A long syllable.
3. (music) A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve.
4. (programming) A long integer variable, twice the size of an int, two or four times the size of a short, and half of a long long.

   A long is typically 64 bits in a 32-bit environment.

5. (finance) An entity with a long position in an asset.

   Every uptick made the longs cheer.

6. (finance) A long-term investment.

   • 1977, Jerome B. Cohen; Edward D. Zinbarg; Arthur Zeikel, Guide to Intelligent Investing, →OCLC, page 203:

     Likewise, if borrowers prefer to sell short-maturity issues at the time lenders prefer to invest in longs, as is the case when interest rates are expected to fall, longer maturity issues will tend to yield less than shorter maturity issues.

7. (UK, colloquial, dated) The long summer vacation at the English universities.

   • 1863, Reade, Charles, Hard Cash:

     « […] Did I not forbid all these nicknames and all this Oxfordish, by proclamation, last Long.»
     «Last Long?»
     «Hem! last protracted vacation.»

Verb[edit]

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

1. (transitive, finance) To take a long position in.

   • 2004, Thomas S. Y. Ho; Sang Bin Lee, Sang-bin Yi, The Oxford Guide to Financial Modeling, page 84:

     The left panel shows the profile of a portfolio consisting of longing a call and shorting a put.

Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English longe, lange, from Old English longe, lange, from the adjective (see above).

Adverb[edit]

long (comparative longer, superlative longest)

1. Over a great distance in space.

   He threw the ball long.

2. For a particular duration.

   How long is it until the next bus arrives?

   • 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

     Plant breeding is always a numbers game. […] The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

3. For a long duration.

   Will this interview take long?

   Paris has long been considered one of the most cultured cities in the world.

   She has known us as long as you

   I haven’t long to live.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 17, page 512:

     My liefe (ſayd ſhe) ye know, that long ygo, / Whileſt ye in durance dwelt, ye to me gaue / A little mayde, the which ye chylded tho ; / The ſame againe if now ye liſt to haue, / The ſame is yonder Lady, whom high God did ſaue.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 156, column 1:

     I ſtay too long ; but here my Father comes : / A double bleſſing is a double grace; / Occaſion ſmiles vpon a ſecond leaue.

   • 1991, James Melvin Washington, editor, A testament of hope: the essential writings and speeches of Martin Luther King, page 636:

     I answer by saying that I have worked too long and hard now against segregated public accommodations to end up segregating my moral concern.

   • 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     [Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

Synonyms[edit]

• (over a great distance): a long way, far
• (for a long duration): a long time

Antonyms[edit]

• (over a great distance): a short distance, a short way
• (for a long duration): an instant, a minute, a moment, a second, a short time, not long

Derived terms[edit]

• go long

Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

• far
• wide
• broad

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English longen, from Old English langian (“to long for, yearn after, grieve for, be pained, lengthen, grow longer, summon, belong”), from Proto-Germanic *langōną (“to desire, long for”), from Proto-Indo-European *lengʷʰ- (“to be easy, be quick, jump, move around, vary”). Cognate with German langen (“to reach, be sufficient”), Swedish langa (“to push, pass by hand”), Icelandic langa (“to want, desire”), Dutch, German verlangen (“to desire, want, long for”).

Verb[edit]

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

2. (intransitive) To await, aspire, desire greatly (something to occur or to be true).

   Synonyms: ache, yearn

   She longed for him to come back.

   • 1922, Margery Williams, The Velveteen Rabbit:

     The Rabbit sighed. He thought it would be a long time before this magic called Real happened to him. He longed to become Real, to know what it felt like; and yet the idea of growing shabby and losing his eyes and whiskers was rather sad.

Usage notes[edit]

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

Derived terms[edit]

• belong
• forlong
• long for
• longing

Translations[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle English long, lang, an aphetic form of Middle English ilong, ylong, from Old English ġelong, ġelang (“along, belonging, depending, consequent”); the verb later reinterpreted as an aphetic form of belong.

Adjective[edit]

long (not comparable)

1. (archaic) On account of, because of.
   • 1603, John Florio, translating Michel de Montaigne, Essays, II.8, page 224:

     I am of opinion, that in regarde of theſe debauches and lewde actions, fathers may, in ſome ſort, be blamed, and that it is onely long of them.

Verb[edit]

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

1. (archaic) To be appropriate to, to pertain or belong to.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     A goodly Armour, and full rich aray, / Which long’d to Angela, the Saxon Queene, / All fretted round with gold, and goodly wel beseene.

   • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:

     Tis well, and hold your owne in any case / With such austeritie as longeth to a father.

Etymology 5[edit]

Shortening of longitude.

Noun[edit]

long (plural longs)

2. Abbreviation of longitude.

Coordinate terms[edit]

• lat

Etymology 6[edit]

From Middle English longen, from Old English langian (“to belong, pertain”), from Old English *lang, which is of uncertain origin yet related to Old English ġelang (“dependent, attainable, present, belonging, consequent”), Old Saxon gilang (“ready, available”).

Verb[edit]

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

1. (obsolete) To belong.

   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene v:

     Now ſend Ambaſſage to thy neighbor Kinges,
     And let them know the Perſian King is chang’d:
     From one that knew not what a King ſhould doe,
     To one that can commaund what longs there to: […]

Further reading[edit]

• long at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “long”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch long, from Middle Dutch longe, also longen, longene, from Old Dutch *lungan, *lunganna, from Proto-Germanic *lunganjō.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /lɔŋ/

Noun[edit]

long (plural longe, diminutive longetjie)

1. lung

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch longe, also longen, longene, from Old Dutch *lungan, *lunganna, from Proto-Germanic *lunganjō.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /lɔŋ/
• Hyphenation: long
• Rhymes: -ɔŋ

Noun[edit]

long f or m (plural longen, diminutive longetje n)

1. lung

Usage notes[edit]

Traditionally feminine in the Netherlands, masculine in Belgium due to masculinisation.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

• Afrikaans: long
• Negerhollands: longe
• → Papiamentu: long (dated)
• → Sranan Tongo: lon
  • → Caribbean Javanese: long

References[edit]

• “long” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Franco-Provençal[edit]

Adjective[edit]

long m (feminine singular longe, masculine plural longs, feminine plural longes)

1. long

Derived terms[edit]

• longior

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French long, from longe, longue, feminine of lonc, lunc, from Latin longus, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”). Cognate with English long, origin of German Chaiselongue.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /lɔ̃/, (in liaison) /lɔ̃.k‿/

• Audio (France, Paris)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ̃
• Homophone: longs

Adjective[edit]

long (feminine longue, masculine plural longs, feminine plural longues)

1. long

   Synonyms: épais, grand, haut, large, profond

   Antonyms: bas, court, étroit, mince

   Le nez de Pinocchio mesure le matin 5 cm de long

   The nose of Pinocchio measures in the morning 5 cm long

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• “long”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Haitian Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

French long (“long”).

Adjective[edit]

long

1. long

Hlai[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Hlai *C-luŋ (“big”), from Pre-Hlai *C-luŋ (Norquest, 2015). Compare Proto-Tai *ʰluəŋᴬ (“big”) (whence Thai หลวง (lǔuang)).

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Standard Hlai, Baoding) IPA^(key): /loŋ˥˧/

Adjective[edit]

long

1. big

Synonyms[edit]

• dhuax

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Betawi [Term?], from Hokkien 烺 (lóng, lōng, “bright”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɔŋ]
• Hyphenation: long

Noun[edit]

long (first-person possessive longku, second-person possessive longmu, third-person possessive longnya)

1. large firecracker.

   Hypernym: petasan

Alternative forms[edit]

• lung

Further reading[edit]

• “long” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish long, from Latin (navis) longa (“long (ship)”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /l̪ˠɔŋ/
• (Munster) IPA^(key): /l̪ˠuːŋ(ɡ)/, [l̪ˠũːŋ(ɡ)]; /l̪ˠɔŋɡ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /l̪ˠʌŋ/

Noun[edit]

long f (genitive singular loinge, nominative plural longa)

1. ship

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

• bratlong (“flagship”)

Further reading[edit]

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “long”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 14
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 25

Malay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare Khmer លោង (loong), Cham [louŋ], Thai โลง (loong).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

long (Jawi spelling لوڠ‎, plural long—long, informal 1st possessive longku, 2nd possessive longmu, 3rd possessive longnya)

1. coffin; casket

   Synonyms: larung, keranda

Further reading[edit]

• “long” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

long

1. Nonstandard spelling of lōng.
2. Nonstandard spelling of lóng.
3. Nonstandard spelling of lǒng.
4. Nonstandard spelling of lòng.

Usage notes[edit]

• Transcriptions of Mandarin speech into the Roman alphabet often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• longe, longue, lang, lange, langhe

Etymology[edit]

From Old English lang, from Proto-West Germanic *lang.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /lɔnɡ/, /lɔːnɡ/

Adjective[edit]

long

1. long

Descendants[edit]

• English: long
  • Northumbrian: lang
• Scots: lang
• Yola: lhaung, long

References[edit]

• “lō̆ng, adj.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Mizo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *looŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ.

Noun[edit]

long

1. boat

References[edit]

• Grammar and Dictionary of the Lushai Language by J.H. Lorrain, Shillong 1898

Naga Pidgin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Assamese লং (loṅ), from Sanskrit लवंग (lavaṃga).

Noun[edit]

long (plural longkhan)

1. clove

Norman[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• laong (Guernsey)

Etymology[edit]

From Old French long, a back-formation from longe, longue, the feminine form of Early Old French lonc, from Latin longus.

Adjective[edit]

long m

1. (Jersey) long

Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin longus.

Adjective[edit]

long m (feminine singular longa, masculine plural longs, feminine plural longas)

1. long

[edit]

• alongar

Old English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /lonɡ/, [loŋɡ]

Adjective[edit]

long

1. Alternative form of lang

Declension[edit]

Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• lonc (early Old French)
• lunc (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology[edit]

Backformation from longe, longue, the feminine form of lonc.

Adjective[edit]

long m (oblique and nominative feminine singular longe)

1. long (length, duration)

Declension[edit]

Descendants[edit]

• French: long
• Norman: long (Jersey), laong (Guernsey)

Old Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos. Cognates include Old English lang, Old Saxon lang and Old Dutch *lang.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈloŋɡ/

Adjective[edit]

long

1. long

Descendants[edit]

• North Frisian: long, lung
• Saterland Frisian: loang
• West Frisian: lang

References[edit]

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Generally assumed to be a Latin loan, from (navis) longa, but Joseph Loth believed it to be from Proto-Celtic; either way, cognate to Welsh llong.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /l͈oŋɡ/

Noun[edit]

long f (genitive lungae, nominative plural longa)

1. boat
2. ship

Inflection[edit]

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	longL	loingL, luing	longaH
Vocative	longL	loingL, luing	longaH
Accusative	loingN, luing	loingL, luing	longaH
Genitive	lungaeH	longL	longN
Dative	loingL, luing	longaib	longaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms[edit]

• bárc
• cnairr
• laídeng
• scib

Descendants[edit]

• Irish: long
• Manx: lhong
• Scottish Gaelic: long

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
long also llong after a proclitic	long pronounced with /l(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Pijin[edit]

Preposition[edit]

long

1. to; toward; into
2. in; at; near

   • 1988, Geoffrey Miles White, Bikfala faet: olketa Solomon Aelanda rimembarem Wol Wo Tu‎^[3], page 75:

     Bihaen hemi finisim skul blong hem, hemi go minista long sios long ples blong hem long ‘Areo.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish long. Compare Welsh llong.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /l̪ˠɔuŋk/

Noun[edit]

long f (genitive singular luinge, plural longan)

1. ship

Derived terms[edit]

Tok Pisin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English along.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /loŋ/, [lɔŋ], [lɔ(ː)]

Preposition[edit]

long

1. Used to mark spatial direct objects that something is oriented in the manner of, where English would use to, toward, into, or onto

   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:

     • These lights must rise in the sky to cast light toward the ground.
2. Used to mark spatial direct objects that something is oriented in the location of, where English would use in, at, on, or near

   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:

     • These lights must rise in the sky to cast light toward the ground.
3. Used to mark indirect objects, or direct objects of intransitive verbs, where English would use to

   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:22:

     Na God i mekim gutpela tok bilong givim strong long ol. Em i tokim ol olsem, “Yupela ol kain kain samting bilong solwara, yupela i mas kamap planti na pulapim olgeta hap bilong solwara. Na yupela ol pisin, yupela i mas kamap planti long graun.”

     →New International Version translation

     • And God made a good speech to give strength to them. He said to them: «You varied things of the ocean, you must multiply and fill every part of the sea. And you birds, you must multiply on earth.
4. Used to mark spatial direct objects that something is oriented in the manner opposite of, extracted from, or away from, where English would use from or out of

   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:22:

     • Then God made a woman out of that bone he had taken from the man, and later he brought the woman to go to the man.
5. Used to mark temporal direct objects in which a condition lasts for a certain duration of time, where English would use for

   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:14:

     Na God, Bikpela i tokim snek olsem, “Yu bin mekim dispela pasin nogut, olsem na nau mi gat strongpela tok bilong daunim yu. Bai yu gat bikpela hevi. Hevi yu karim bai i winim hevi bilong olgeta arapela animal. Nau na long olgeta taim bihain bai yu wokabaut long bel bilong yu tasol. Na bai yu kaikai das bilong graun.

     →New International Version translation

     • And the Lord God said to the snake: «You did a bad deed, and so I have a powerful curse for you. You will have a great weight. The wight you carry will exceed that of any all animals. Now, and for all times, you will only walk on your stomach. And you will eat the dirt of the earth.
6. Used to mark a verb whose subject is the direct object of another verb, where English would use to or from

   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:17:

     Na God i tokim Adam olsem, “Yu bin harim tok bilong meri bilong yu, na yu bin kaikai pikinini bilong dispela diwai mi bin tambuim yu long kaikai. Olsem na nau bai mi bagarapim graun, na ol kaikai bai i no inap kamap gut long en. Oltaim bai yu wok hat tru bilong mekim kaikai i kamap long graun.

     →New International Version translation

     • And God said to Adam: «You listened to what your woman said, and you ate a fruit of this tree which I have forbidden you from eating. And so I will now corrupt the earth, and food will not grow well enough. You will work very hard forever to make food grow in the ground.

Derived terms[edit]

• long wanem

Vietnamese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [lawŋ͡m˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [lawŋ͡m˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [lawŋ͡m˧˧]

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare lung as in lung lay.

Adjective[edit]

long

1. loose

   răng long ― loose tooth

Etymology 2[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 龍 (“dragon”).

Noun[edit]

long

1. (only in compounds) dragon

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /lɔŋ/

Noun[edit]

long

1. Soft mutation of llong.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
llong	long	unchanged	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Yola[edit]

Adjective[edit]

long

1. Alternative form of lhaung

   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, line 12:

     praie var long an happie zins, shorne o’lournagh an ee-vilt wi benisons,

     implore long and happy days, free from melancholy and full of blessings,

References[edit]

• Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 116

Even longer than honorificabilitudinitas and attested in antiquity is subductisupercilicarptor (24 letters). If you want to compare it to a dative/ablative plural, then in fairness the word form you should compare would of course be subductisupercilicarptoribus (28 letters).

It is a word for an overly discerning critic and may perhaps be translated as raised-eyebrow carver (from subducere = raise [actually a rare meaning], supercilium = eyebrow, carptor = food carver).

OK, it’s a bit of a joke word that was never in common use. It occurs in one place only, and then it is not really used either, just quoted.

The word was presumably coined by the somewhat mysterious poet Laevius from the second century BC, of whom only scant fragements have survived, but the actual source is Aulus Gellius: Noctes Atticae, book 19, where A. G. reports on the style of Laevius and his proclivity for coining original expressions. For he had attended a reading of Laevius in the house of one Julius Paulus together with his companion Julius Celsinus, and on their way back the two reminisced on the various “Laevian” coinages they had heard, and pondered which of these they might adopt for their own use. After giving a number of examples, Aulus Gellius concludes:

Cetera [verba] enim, quae uidebantur nimium poetica, ex prosae orationis usu alieniora praetermisimus; ueluti fuit, quod de Nestore ait ‘trisaeclisenex’ et ‘dulciorelocus’, item quod <de> tumidis magnisque fluctibus ‘<fluctibus>’ inquit ‘multigrumis’ et flumina gelu concreta ‘tegmine’ esse ‘onychino’ dixit et quae multiplica ludens conposuit, quale illud est, quod uituperones suos ‘subductisupercilicarptores’ appellauit.

Other words namely, that seemed too poetical and inappropriate for use in prose, we passed over; one example was that he called Nestor “trisaeclisenex” and “dulciorelocus,” likewise that for high-rising and great rivers he spoke of “fluctibus multigrumis,” and said that rivers that are frozen solid are “tegmine onychino,” and what multi-part words he playfully put together, such as that he called his critics “subductisupercilicarptores.”