The word hospitality comes from hospice that means to provide care and

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The History of the Hospitality Industry

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Hotel and restaurant management are bundled together in the industry known as the hospitality industry. Hospitality comes from the French word hospice, meaning to take care of those travelling and provide food and shelter for the weary. The history of the hospitality industry dates back to early 40BC. Hospitality has changed dramatically through the years in response to influences of wars, economic fluctuations, and social changes. The earliest record of the hospitality industry lies with the Romans. Roman men traveled on business and were the first to travel for leisure as well. Aftre the disruption of the Roman Empire, much of the hospitality industry fell to religious orders such as monasteries who welcomed travelers. With the increased use of the stagecoach, English travelers stayed in inns, which were actually private homes that pro vided a room and meal. The Renaissance Period marked a new era of the hospitality industry with the opening of Hotel de Henry IV in 1788. This was the first actual hotel offering 60 beds to weary travelers. During this period, coffee houses also became a popular gathering place for communities. As settlers from all different parts of the world made their way to the New World (the United States), places to eat, drink and sleep began appearing throughout the colonies. The French Revolution also motivated many French to leave their home country and head to the United States. That time changed and shaped the culinary world, as we know it today. Escoffier, a world famous chef, created the hierarchy of chefs, known as the Brigade system that restaurant kitchens still follow today. During the 19th century, the explosion of the luxury hotel era began. Hotels like the Savoy built in London in 1898 and Delmonico’s in New York City catered to the rich and elite. The early 1900s is known as the Grand Period of hotels since a great number of large and luxurious hotels were built during that time. It was also the time when hotels introduced modern conveniences. In 1880 the Sagamore Hotel on Lake George in New York was the first to have electricity in all its rooms. The Victoria 7 Hotel in Kansas City offered private bathrooms in each room while the Netherland Hotel in New York City was the first to provide a telephone in each room. With the increase and ease of travel, the 20th century brought many changes and advances to the hospitality industry. Casual dining became popular and the introduction of franchising allowed such chains as White Castle, TGI Fridays and Chilis to dominate the restaurant scene. No longer were restaurants considered a place for only the rich and elite. Hotels also experienced growth due to mass tourism, higher salaries and more people living longer and being able to enjoy their retirement years. Although the hospitality industry experienced some periods of downturn its position remains considerably strong.

Управление гостиницами и ресторанами объединены в отрасль, известную как индустрия гостеприимства. Понятие «гостеприимство» происходит от французского слова hospice, означающего заботу о путешествующих и предоставление пищи и крова для усталых людей. История индустрии гостеприимства восходит к началу 40-х годов до нашей эры. За прошедшие годы индустрия гостеприимства претерпела значительные изменения под влиянием войн, экономических колебаний и социальных перемен. Самые ранние записи об индустрии гостеприимства относятся к римлянам. Римляне путешествовали по делам и были первыми, кто стал путешествовать также и для отдыха. После распада Римской империи большая часть индустрии гостеприимства перешла к религиозным орденам, таким как монастыри, которые принимали путешественников. С ростом использования дилижансов английские путешественники останавливались в трактирах, которые на самом деле были частными домами, предоставлявшими комнату и еду. Эпоха Возрождения ознаменовала новую эру в индустрии гостеприимства с открытием в 1788 году отеля Hotel de Henry IV. Это была первая настоящая гостиница, предлагавшая 60 мест для усталых путешественников. В этот период кофейни также стали популярным местом сбора общин. По мере того как переселенцы из разных уголков мира прокладывали себе путь в Новый Свет (Соединенные Штаты), в колониях стали появляться места, где можно поесть, выпить и переночевать. Французская революция также побудила многих французов покинуть свою родину и отправиться в Соединенные Штаты. Это время изменило и сформировало кулинарный мир, каким мы его знаем сегодня. Эскофье, всемирно известный шеф-повар, создал иерархию поваров, известную как бригадная система, которой ресторанные кухни следуют и сегодня. В 19 веке начался взрыв эпохи роскошных отелей. Такие отели, как » Savoy «, построенный в Лондоне в 1898 году, и » Delmonico’s » в Нью-Йорке, обслуживали богатых и элиту. Начало 1900-х годов известно, как Великий период гостиниц, поскольку в это время было построено большое количество крупных и роскошных отелей. Это также было время, когда в отелях появились современные удобства. В 1880 году отель Sagamore на озере Джордж в Нью-Йорке стал первым, где во всех номерах было проведено электричество. Отель » The Victoria 7 » в Канзас-Сити предлагал отдельные ванные комнаты в каждом номере, а отель » Netherland » в Нью-Йорке был первым, где в каждом номере был телефон. С увеличением и облегчением путешествий 20 век принес много изменений и достижений в гостиничную индустрию. Стали популярны повседневные рестораны, а введение франчайзинга позволило таким сетям, как White Castle, TGI Fridays и Chilis, занять доминирующее положение на ресторанной сцене. Рестораны больше не считались местом, предназначенным только для богатых и элиты. Гостиницы также переживали рост благодаря массовому туризму, более высоким зарплатам и тому, что все больше людей жили дольше и могли наслаждаться пенсионным возрастом. Хотя индустрия гостеприимства пережила несколько периодов спада, ее позиции остаются достаточно прочными.

2. Определите, какие из утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста (True), какие не соответствуют (False).

1. FALSE Hospitality comes from the French word hospice, meaning to take care of those travelling and provide for the wealthy. (Гостеприимство происходит от французского слова hospice, означающего заботу о путешествующих и обеспечение состоятельных людей)

2. TRUE The history of this industry began at the beginning of 40BC. (История этой отрасли началась в начале 40 года до н.э.)

3. TRUE The Renaissance Period marked a new era for the hospitality industry with the opening of Hotel de Henry VI in 1788. (Эпоха Возрождения ознаменовала новую эру в индустрии гостеприимства с открытием в 1788 году отеля Hotel de Henry VI.)

4. TRUE As settlers from all different parts of the world made their way to Ameri ca, places to eat, drink and sleep began appearing throughout the colo nies. (По мере того как переселенцы из разных уголков мира прокладывали себе путь в Америку, по всей территории колоний стали появляться места, где можно поесть, выпить и переночевать.)

5. TRUE In the 19th century, the outburst of the luxury hotel era began. (В 19 веке начался всплеск эры роскошных отелей.)

6. FALSE In 1880, the Sagamore Hotel on Lake George in New York was the last to have electricity in all its rooms. (В 1880 году отель Sagamore на озере Джордж в Нью-Йорке стал последним, где во всех номерах было электричество.)

7. TRUE The increase and ease of travel in the 20th century led to many changes in the hospitality industry. (Увеличение и облегчение путешествий в 20 веке привело к многочисленным изменениям в индустрии гостеприимства.)

3. Дайте развернутые ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the hospitality industry?

Hospitality industry is the industry that bundled together Hotel and restaurant management.

2. What does the French word “hospice” mean?

“Hospice” mean to provide care/shelter for travelers или to take care of those travelling and provide food and shelter for the weary

3. What factors lead to the changes of the industry?

influences of wars, economic fluctuations, and social changes.

4. When did it all start?

The history of the hospitality industry dates back to early 40BC. The earliest record of the hospitality industry lies with the Romans. Roman men traveled on business and were the first to travel for leisure as well. Aftre the disruption of the Roman Empire, much of the hospitality industry fell to religious orders such as monasteries who welcomed travelers.

5. Who were the first travelers?

The earliest record of the hospitality industry lies with the Romans. Roman men traveled on business and were the first to travel for leisure as well. Aftre the disruption of the Roman Empire, much of the hospitality industry fell to religious orders such as monasteries who welcomed travelers.

6. What is the importance of the Renaissance Period?

The Renaissance Period marked a new era of the hospitality industry with the opening of Hotel de Henry IV in 1788. This was the first actual hotel offering 60 beds to weary travelers. During this period, coffee houses also became a popular gathering place for communities.

7. Where did first travelers stay?

Aftre the disruption of the Roman Empire, much of the hospitality industry fell to religious orders such as monasteries who welcomed travelers. With the increased use of the stagecoach, English travelers stayed in inns, which were actually private homes that provided a room and meal. Than — Hotel de Henry IV in 1788. This was the first actual hotel offering 60 beds to weary travelers.

8. When did the era of luxury hotels begin?

During the 19th century, the explosion of the luxury hotel era began.

9. What modern conveniences appeared in the 19 century?

During the 19th century, the explosion of the luxury hotel era began. The early 1900s is known as the Grand Period of hotels since a great number of large and luxurious hotels were built during that time. It was also the time when hotels introduced modern conveniences. In 1880 the Sagamore Hotel on Lake George in New York was the first to have electricity in all its rooms. The Victoria 7 Hotel in Kansas City offered private bathrooms in each room while the Netherland Hotel in New York City was the first to provide a telephone in each room.

10. What makes the industry remain strong?

Hotels experienced growth due to mass tourism, higher salaries and more people living longer and being able to enjoy their retirement years. Although the hospitality industry experienced some periods of downturn its position remains considerably strong.

4. Переведите на русский язык следующие выражения:

1) date back to – относится к /восходит к

2) change dramatically through the years — претерпевать значительные изменения

3) in response to – в связи с

4) travel on business – деловые поездки/командировки

5) travel for leisure – путешествие для досуга/отдыха

6) welcome travelers – принимать туристов/встречать туристов

7) provide a room and meal – обеспечат/предоставят проживание и питание

cater to the rich and elite – обслуживать элиту

9) introduce modern conveniences – внедрить современные удобства

10) bring many changes – приносить много измнений

Hotel Services

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Hotels operate 24 hours a day providing their guests with accommodation, catering, entertainment and some other services. For this operation to be successful, departments must communicate and work together to provide high quality customer service to the hotel guests. What goes on behind the scenes should be invisible to hotel visitors, so that they could enjoy a pleasant stay. Excellent customer service is to be a hotel business. The two primary goals of hotels are to make guests comfortable as well as to keep them safe. Hotels need to implement safety and security measures without making guests feel uneasy. In fact, most standard hotels are located in the immediate vicinity of some tourist attractions so that the guests will have an opportunity to visit them. If the hotel is located in a city, it should be located near the public transportation. In addition, the hotel should have a safe and secure parking lot for the hotel guests to put their cars at overnight. If the hotel is not located near any local attractions, it will usually provide a shuttle service to the places which guests might be interested in, for example malls, restaurants, movie theatres, etc. Standard hotel rooms are to be clean and safe. Before guests arrive at the hotel, their rooms should be thoroughly cleaned: linens should be changed, the bathroom cleaned and the floor vacuumed. The cleanliness of the room is something that travellers will notice as soon as they walk into the room. The door of the hotel room is to be solid and have a good locking system. It acts as a barrier for both noise from the other guests and potential intruders. The room door should also have a peephole so that the guests will be able to see who is outside the door in case somebody knocks. Standard hotels will provide guests with many small amenities that are designed to make their stay as pleasant as possible. Such items as an ironing board, coffee maker, and refrigerator are available in a standard room to add some convenience to the staying in the hotel room. 16 Standard rooms will also have a television set with satellite TV to maximize the level of relaxation as well as a telephone and an alarm clock next to the bed for ease of access. According to Dimensions Guide, a standard hotel room at an economy hotel is between 300 and 400 square feet. Hotel guests will appreciate catering service of the hotel establishments, which is represented by a number of restaurants and bars that are ready to satisfy a great variety of customers’ tastes. Other hotel services often include a fitness centre, laundry and dry cleaning service,concierge service, car rental, room service, souvenir shop, resident doctor, beauty salon, babysitting etc. Some hotels offer organization of business meetings and business services, the Internet, free Wi Fi, photocopying, fax etc. Hotel guests usually expect a certain level of the hotel service and often will become disgruntled if they feel they are treated as being unimportant. When provided with excellent customer service, they will be made to feel special and sure, they want to stay in this hotel again. Thus, maintaining good client relations is an important part of running a hotel business. Treating guests like old friends can add a level of comfort to their stay with you. Listen and speak to your guests. The best way to assess how well the hotel is handling hotel services and how the hotel guests are perceiving them is to speak to the guests.Remember that providing quality products and services along with excellent customer service and support, you turn a one time customer into a lifelong guest. If there is ever a glitch in the interactions with a client, you can retain that customer by solving the problem to their satisfaction as quickly as possible. Keeping hotel guests satisfied with the quality of services provided is a key to running a successful business

Гостиницы работают 24 часа в сутки, предоставляя своим гостям проживание, питание, развлечения и некоторые другие услуги. Для того чтобы эта деятельность была успешной, отделы должны общаться и работать вместе, чтобы обеспечить высокое качество обслуживания гостей отеля. То, что происходит за кулисами, должно быть незаметно для посетителей отеля, чтобы они могли наслаждаться приятным отдыхом. Отличное обслуживание клиентов — это и есть гостиничный бизнес. Две основные цели гостиниц — сделать гостей комфортными, а также обеспечить их безопасность. Гостиницы должны применять меры безопасности и охраны, не заставляя гостей чувствовать себя неловко. На самом деле, большинство стандартных гостиниц расположены в непосредственной близости от некоторых туристических достопримечательностей, чтобы у гостей была возможность их посетить. Если гостиница находится в городе, она должна быть расположена вблизи остановок общественного транспорта. Кроме того, у отеля должна быть безопасная и охраняемая парковка, чтобы гости отеля могли ставить свои автомобили на ночь. Если гостиница не расположена рядом с какими-либо местными достопримечательностями, она обычно предоставляет трансфер до мест, которые могут заинтересовать гостей, например, торговых центров, ресторанов, кинотеатров и т.д. Стандартные гостиничные номера должны быть чистыми и безопасными. Перед прибытием гостей в отель их номера должны быть тщательно убраны: постельное белье должно быть заменено, ванная комната вымыта, а пол пропылесосен. Чистота номера — это то, на что путешественники обратят внимание, как только войдут в номер. Дверь гостиничного номера должна быть прочной и иметь хорошую систему запирания. Она служит барьером как для шума от других гостей, так и для потенциальных злоумышленников. В двери номера также должен быть глазок, чтобы гости могли видеть, кто находится за дверью, если кто-то постучит. Стандартные гостиницы предоставляют гостям множество мелких удобств, которые призваны сделать их пребывание в номере как можно более приятным. Такие предметы, как гладильная доска, кофеварка и холодильник, доступны в стандартном номере, чтобы добавить некоторые удобства к пребыванию в гостиничном номере. 16 В стандартных номерах также есть телевизор со спутниковым телевидением для максимального расслабления, а также телефон и будильник рядом с кроватью для удобства. По данным Dimensions Guide, площадь стандартного номера в гостинице эконом-класса составляет от 300 до 400 квадратных футов. Гости отеля по достоинству оценят кейтеринговое обслуживание гостиничных заведений, которое представлено рядом c ресторанами и барами, готовых удовлетворить самые разнообразные вкусы клиентов. Среди прочих гостиничных услуг часто встречаются фитнес-центр, услуги прачечной и химчистки, услуги консьержа, прокат автомобилей, обслуживание номеров, сувенирный магазин, услуги врача-резидента, салона красоты, няни и т.д. Некоторые отели предлагают организацию деловых встреч и бизнес-услуги, Интернет, бесплатный Wi Fi, ксерокопирование, факс и т.д. Гости отеля обычно ожидают определенного уровня гостиничного обслуживания и часто становятся недовольными, если им кажется, что с ними обращаются неважно. При отличном обслуживании клиентов им дадут почувствовать себя особенными, и они обязательно захотят остановиться в этом отеле снова. Таким образом, поддержание хороших отношений с клиентами является важной частью ведения гостиничного бизнеса. Отношение к гостям как к старым друзьям может добавить уровень комфорта к их пребыванию у вас. Слушайте и разговаривайте со своими гостями. Лучший способ оценить, насколько хорошо отель работает с гостиничными услугами и как гости воспринимают их, — это поговорить с гостями. Помните, что предоставляя качественные продукты и услуги наряду с отличным обслуживанием и поддержкой клиентов, вы превращаете одноразового клиента в гостя на всю жизнь. Если во взаимодействии с клиентом произойдет какая-либо заминка, вы сможете удержать его, решив проблему к его удовлетворению как можно быстрее. Удовлетворенность гостей отеля качеством предоставляемых услуг — залог успешного ведения бизнеса

2. Определите в каждой из четырех групп предложение, соответствующее со­держанию текста.

1. a

a. The Hotel industry provides its guests with bedrooms, meals and lei sure activities.

b. The Hotel industry provides its customers with accommodation and business services.

c. The Hotel industry provides its guests with bedrooms, quality products and business services.

2. c

a. Hotel visitors can enjoy a pleasant stay if there are no invisible scenes in the hotel.

b. Hotel visitors should see everything what is going on behind the scenes, so that they can enjoy a pleasant stay.

c. Hotel visitors can enjoy a pleasant stay in the hotel because they do not see what is going on behind the scenes.

3. b

a. Catering is an important aspect of hotel business.

b. Catering is a beneficial part of hotel services.

c. Caring is an essential part of hotel services.

4. b

a. Keeping guests unsatisfied is a key to running a successful busi ness.

b. Keeping customers pleased is a key to running a successful business.

c. Keeping guests satisfied is a key to ruining a successful business.

3. Дайте развернутые ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What does the Hotel industry provide its customers with?

Hotels operate 24 hours a day providing their guests with accommodation, catering, entertainment and some other services.

2. What are the guests’ expectations?

Hotel guests usually expect a certain level of the hotel service and often will become disgruntled if they feel they are treated as being unimportant. When provided with excellent customer service, they will be made to feel special and sure, they want to stay in this hotel again.

3. What does a successful operation of the hotel depend on?

For successful operation the hotel’s departments must communicate and work together to provide high quality customer service to the hotel guests. Also, keeping hotel guests satisfied with the quality of services provided is a key to running a successful business.

4. Why are most of standard hotels located in the city centers?

Most standard hotels are located in the city centers and in the immediate vicinity of some tourist attractions so that the guests will have an opportunity to visit them.

5. What are standard room requirements?

Standard hotel rooms are to be clean and safe. Before guests arrive at the hotel, their rooms should be thoroughly cleaned: linens should be changed, the bathroom cleaned and the floor vacuumed. The cleanliness of the room is something that travellers will notice as soon as they walk into the room. The door of the hotel room is to be solid and have a good locking system. It acts as a barrier for both noise from the other guests and potential intruders. The room door should also have a peephole so that the guests will be able to see who is outside the door in case somebody knocks.

6. What amenities are available in standard hotels?

Standard hotels will provide guests with many small amenities that are designed to make their stay as pleasant as possible. Such items as an ironing board, coffee maker, and refrigerator are available in a standard room to add some convenience to the staying in the hotel room. Standard rooms will also have a television set with satellite TV to maximize the level of relaxation as well as a telephone and an alarm clock next to the bed for ease of access.

7. What are the two primary goals of hotels?

The two primary goals of hotels are to make guests comfortable as well as to keep them safe.

8. What is the best way to maintain good client relations?

Treating guests like old friends can add a level of comfort to their stay with you. Listen and speak to your guests.

9. What helps the hotel to turn a one time customer into a lifelong one?

Providing quality products and services along with excellent customer service and support, you turn a one time customer into a lifelong guest.

10. What services make staying at the hotel comfortable?

When provided with excellent customer service, they will be made to feel special and sure, they want to stay in this hotel again. And also treating guests like old friends can add a level of comfort to their stay with you. Listen and speak to your guests.

4. Переведите на русский язык следующие выражения:

1) provide customers with accommodation – предоставить проживание

2) expect a certain level of service – ожидать определённого уровня обслуживания

3) enjoy a pleasant stay – насладиться приятным отдыхом

4) have an opportunity to do smth. – иметь возможность сделать что-либо

5) shuttle service — трансфер

6) change linen – менять постельное белье

7) vacuum the floor – пропылесосить пол

be available for – быть доступным для

9) make guests comfortable – чтобы посетителям было комфортно

10) treat guests like old friends — относиться к гостям как к старым друзьям

Text 1

Hospitality industry is
a current term to refer to a wide range of businesses, dedicated to
the service of people away from home. The industry is concerned with
their accommodation (provision
of places to stay), provision of fare
(food at table), transportation
(travelling and tours), and recreation
(relaxation and entertainment).

The institutions which provide these services have
undergone long evolution from the Roman and Greek taverns
to the modern restaurants
(the term was coined by the Parisian
cook Boulanger who called his famous soups «restoratives»),
from the Medieval inns to the modern five-star
palace hotels, from the Persian khans
(combination of stables for camels and
sleeping places for people) to modern motels
(hotels which provide accommodations
for motorists).

Service at these establishments has also undergone
changes from discriminatory
feeding (different
meals served to the guests of different rank),
the table d’hote («table
of the host» at which the guests had to eat with the landlord
and his family at a nominal cost) to the ordinaries
(eating places that served a fixed menu
at a fixed price). The nineteenth century
established a custom of eating
out (having
a good meal at a res­taurant as a treat) and created concepts
such as a
la carte (dishes
cooked to order and priced
individually), catering (arranging
food and drink functions for big groups of people at a restaurant),
institutional food service (serving
members of particular societal institutions, such as schools,
offices, industrial enterprises, etc.).

1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian
words and word combinations:

Индустрия гостеприимства, относить,
ряд, касаться, проживание, режим питания,
путешествие, поездка, отдых, развлечение,
претерпевать, жилье, дворец, караван-сарай,
предоставлять, селективный, владелец
дома, ничтожный, столовая, удовольствие,
понятие, определенный.

2. Match the adjectives in (a) with the nouns in (b).

1. Hospitality, nominal, industrial, different, sleeping, long.
   discriminatory;

2. Enterprise, rank, feeding, cost, industry, places, evolution.

3. Complete the sentences using words from the text:

… industry concerns a wide … of businesses.

The …which provide these … have undergone long
evolution.

Motels are … which provide … for motorists.

… is different meals served to the guests of different rank.

Ordinaries were eating places that served a … … at a … …

4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1. Слово «Ресторан» придумал парижский
повар Буланже, назвавший свои супы
«восстанавливающими силы».

2. Индустрия гостеприимства организует
проживание туристов, питание, транспорт
и развлечения.

3. Институты, оказывающие эти услуги,
претерпели долгую эволюцию.

Text 2

Advanced technology of the twentieth century has
brought great changes
in hospitality industry. People expect a wide range of accommodations
and rates: B&B (bed
and breakfast) (a
rate that combines a night’s accommodation
with a breakfast the following day), American
plan (a
rate that includes three meals a
day), and European plan (an
accommo­dation-only
rate that includes no meal). People also expect a wide range of
dining choices from full-service
restaurants (restaurants
that cook to order more than a dozen
main-course items) to cafeterias
(self-service restaurants
where food is displayed on a counter and the guests can pick what
they like). The institutional food service establishments of this
type are
usually called canteens.
The
fast-paced century created fast
food in­dustry
(quick-service restaurants that offer
limited menus) and a great variety
of tourist and leisure facilities, both commercial
(which
compete for their customers in the
open market) and non-commercial
(financed from the state budget).

1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian
   words and word combinations:

Передовая технология, включать, на
заказ, основное блюдо, самообслуживание,
прилавок, столовая, быстрое питание,
ограниченное меню, конкурировать,
свободный рынок, финансировать,
государственный бюджет.

1. Explain the following terms in English:

B&B

American plan

European plan

Full-service restaurant

Cafeteria

Canteen

1. Find in the text synonyms to the following words:

Progressive, big, to wait for, broad, feed,
alternative, to show, to choose, to produce, visitor.

Text 3

The word hospitality
comes from «hospice», an old
French word meaning «to provide care and shelter». The
first institutions of this kind, taverns,
had existed long before the word was
coined. In Ancient Rome they were located on the main roads, to
provide food and fresh horses and overnight accommodation for
officials and couriers of the government with special documents. The
contemporaries proclaimed these inns to be «fit for a king».
That is why such documents became a symbol of status and were subject
to thefts and forgeries.

Some wealthy
landowners built their own taverns on the edges of their estates.
Nearer the cities, inns and taverns were run by freemen or by retired
gladiators who would invest their savings in this business in the
same way that many of today’s
retired athletes open restaurants. Inn­keepers,
as a whole, were hardly the Conrad Hiltons of their day. Inns for
common folk were regarded as dens of vice and often served as houses
of pleasure. The owners were required to report any customers who
planned crimes in their taverns. The
penalty for not doing so was death. The death penalty could be
imposed merely for watering the beer!

1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian
words:

Гостеприимство, забота, убежище,
заведение, существовать, задолго до,
дорога, пища, свежие лошади, ночлег,
должностное лицо, курьер, современник,
провозглашать, воровство, подделка,
богатый, поместье, отставной, сбережения,
хозяин трактира, клиент, преступление,
штраф.

2. Match the adjectives (a) and the nouns (b). Translate the word
combinations formed.

a) Old, main, special, fresh, overnight, wealthy, retired;

b) landowner, document, word, accommodation, horses, road, gladiator.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the origin of the word “hospitality”?

2. What were the first hospitality institutions?

3. Where were the first taverns built?

4. What did the taverns provide?

5. Who built taverns?

6. What were inns for common folk regarded as?

7. What penalties are mentioned in the text?

Text 4

After the fall of the Roman Empire, public hospitality for the
ordi­nary travelers became the province of religious orders. In
these days, the main purpose of travelling was pilgrimage to the holy
places. The pilgrims preferred to stay in the inns located close to
religious sites or even on the premises of the monasteries. Monks
raised their own provisions on their own grounds, kitchens were
cleaner and better organized than in private households. So the food
was often of a quality superior to that found elsewhere on the road.

As travel increased during the Middle Ages, so did
the number of wayside
inns. In England, the stagecoach became the favored method of
transportation.
A journey from London to a city like Bath took three days, with
several stopovers at inns or taverns that were also called «post
houses».
Guests often slept on mattresses put in what would be called the
lobby,
ate what they had brought with them or what they could purchase from
the house. The fare was usually bread, meat, and beer, varied
occa­sionally
with fish. Frequently, the main dish served was a long-cooked, highly
seasoned meat-and-vegetable stew. But the diners who were
fre­quenters were not choosy,
neither did they often question what they were eating.

1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian
words:

Общественный, паломничество, святой,
предпочитать, религиозное место,
владения, монах, продовольствие, земли,
кухня, частное хозяйство, лучший, где-то
еще, придорожный, дилижанс, остановка
в пути, вестибюль, приобретать,
приправленный, обедающий, завсегдатай,
привередливый.

2. Fill in the words from the text.

1. The main purpose of travelling was … to the … places.

2. The pilgrims preferred to stay in the … located close to… ….

3. Monks raised their own … on their own ….

4. The kitchens were better organized than in … ….

5. The number of … … increased during the Middle Ages.

6. The … became the favoured method of transportation.

3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1) Основной целью путешествий было
паломничество к святым местам.

2) Путешествие из Лондона в Бат занимало
три дня.

3) Завсегдатаи были не привередливы.

4) Число трактиров в средневековье
возросло.

Text 5

Modern concept of hospitality began to develop in
the nineteenth century, which saw more innovations in hospitality
than in all previous history. The famed Cesar Ritz, whose name has
entered the vocabulary as a synonym for luxury, made restaurant
dining at London’s Savoy almost a must for the aristocracy of both
sexes. He revolutionized hotel restaurants by offering a list (carte
in French) of suggestions available
from the kitchen. This was the beginning of the a
la carte menu. The Americans used their
special brand of ingenuity to create something for everyone.
In 1848, a hierarchy of eateries existed in New York City. At the
bottom was Sweeney’s «sixpenny eating house» on Ann Street,
whose owner, Daniel Sweeney, achieved questionable fame as the
fa­ther of the greasy spoon. Sweeney’s less-than-appetizing fare
was lite­rally thrown down to his hungry customers, who cared
little for the social amenities of dining. At the top of the list was
the famous Del-monico’s.
This restaurant was known as the most expensive in the country.

In the
nineteenth century, better methods of preserving food through canning
and vacuum packing made out-of-season culinary delights com­monplace.
There was also an enormous growth in mass feeding. In schools, until
the nineteenth century, no one had ever considered lunches for
schoolchildren,
because there were so few children who went to school. Canteens
for schoolchildren started in France in 1849. The cafeteria concept
originated in the California Gold Rush, when prospectors, eager to
return to their claims, preferred to stand in line to be served from
big communal bowls and pots rather than wait their turn at table.

1. Find the English equivalents to the following Russian words:

Понятие, развиваться, новшество,
предыдущий, роскошь, необходимость,
предложение, изобретательность,
закусочная, сомнительная слава, прелести,
дорогостоящий, консервирование,
кулинарные изыски, очередь.

2. Find in the text synonyms to the following
words:

Present-day, to improve, novelty, preceding,
necessity, suggest, to reach, feed, pleasure, trivial, huge, think.

3. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) В ХIХ веке начала
развиваться современная концепция
гостеприимства.

2) Имя Сезара Рица стало символом роскоши.

3) В Нью-Йорке существовала иерархия
закусочных.

4) Наблюдался быстрый рост в сфере
общественного питания.

5) Концепция кафетериев появилась в
Калифорнии в период Золотой Лихорадки.

Text 6

The twentieth century brought fast food industry.
In 1921, Walter Anderson and Billy Ingram began the White Castle
hamburger chains. These eye-catching restaurants were nothing more
than a griddle and a few chairs, but people came in droves to these
eye-catching restaurants, and within ten years the White Castle had
expanded to 115 units. Mar­riott’s Hot Shoppe drive-in roadside
restaurant opened in 1927, and the
word «a carhopper» was coined because as an order taker
approached a car, he or she would
hop onto its running board. The first motel was opened in San Luis
Obispo, not far from Los Angeles, in 1925.

After the stock market crash of 1929 and the
Depression, America rebounded with the elegance and deluxe dining of
the 1930. By the end of the decade, every city had a deluxe supper
club or a night club. The first elegant American restaurant that was
not French in style was the Four Seasons. It offered seasonal menus
(summer, autumn, winter, spring).
Its developer understood why people go to restaurants
— to be together and to connect with one another. Modern restaurant
exists to create pleasure, and how well it meets this expecta­tion
is a measure of its success. The exclusive restaurant of yesterday
may be
still exclusive restaurant of today, but the less affluent people can
choose
from great many cheap eating places. Nowadays people have freedom of
choice, and they expect to have affordable accommodation, food, and
entertainment — things of which hospitality industry is made.

1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian
words.

Привлекающий
внимание, богатый, общаться, ожидание,
по средствам, толпами, в течение,
придорожный, удовольствие, развлечение,
дешевый.

2. Match the
adjectives (a) with the nouns (b). Translate the word combinations
formed.

(a) Fast,
hamburger, eye-catching, roadside, deluxe, seasonal, affluent,
affordable.

(b) food, accommodation, people, menu, restaurant, club, restaurant,
chain.

3. Complete the sentences.

1) The first
motel was opened in….

2) Nowadays people expect to have…

3) Modern restaurant exists to ….

4) The first American restaurant was…

5) The word “carhopper” was coined because…

THE
STRUCTURE OF INDUSTRY

Being dedicated to the service of people away
from home, hospitality industry is
concerned with their accommodation, provision of food and drink,
their transportation and entertainment. That is why the institutions,
which provide these services, are divided into three branches:
hotel business (provision
of places to stay), restaurant
business (provision
of food and drink), and tourist
business (provision of transport and
entertainment).

The HOTELS may be classified according to
location, prices, and type of services offered. By virtue of their
location, hotels may be central
(situated
in the city center), resort
(in
exotic locations), airport
(for
air passengers), and freeway
(on the highways). By virtue of prices,
hotels can be classified into luxury,
upscale, mid-scale, and budget.
And by virtue of services offered,
hotels may be classified into full-service
(with all sorts of services), economy
(offering clean, reasonably sized and
furnished rooms), residential
(for
long-term guests), all-suite
hotels (rooms with adjacent
lounge and kitchenette area).

Classification of RESTAURANTS may be based on two
factors: menu and services offered. According to the menu, there are
two main categories:
full-service
and
specialty
restaurants.
Restaurants of the first type have
more than a dozen main-course items that are cooked
to order. Specialty restaurants
specialize in one dish (pizza, hamburger, chicken, steak, seafood,
etc.). According to the services, the restaurants are classified into
occasion (also
called luxury) and
casual restaurants.
Two types of services are used in occasion restaurants: French
service (the food arranged on platters
and presented to guests, after which the preparation is completed on
a trolley-like side table with a gas burner), and Russian
service (the food is cooked in the
kitchen, placed onto a serving dish, and served to the guests
individually with a serving spoon and fork). Casual dining is
characterized by relaxed atmosphere, where not
only Russian service is typical, but also its simplified version
called American service (the
food is prepared and put into individual plates in the kitchen before
being carried into the dining room), and even buffet-type
service (self-service).

The TOURIST BUSINESS deals with promoting,
transportation and accommodation. Among the promoters are tour
wholesalers (who design and package
tours), tour operators (who
sell tour packages to tourists
and act as escorts
(guides),
travel
agencies (who
sell on behalf of airlines, rail and
bus companies). The transportation businesses are air­lines,
cruise lines, rental auto and bus companies. The
accommodation businesses
are motels
(hotels
for motorists), resort
hotels (hotels
in exotic places
for people on holiday), destination-management
companies (or­ganizations
in charge of developing and implementing tourist programs in the
areas attractive to tourists). The tourist market is divided into
segments (user-groups)
according to the buying possibilities of the cli­ents: mass,
middle and luxury
markets. People who travel with a group
make a group inclusive tour, and
those who prefer to travel alone are called independent.
When the people are taught to deal with
ecology of the region they are visiting, they are called ecotourists.

1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following Russian
words and word combinations:

Предназначенный, связана, обеспечение,
организация, сфера, местоположение, на
основании, курорт, магистраль, полный
комплекс обслуживания, меблированный,
смежный, гостиная, большое плоское
блюдо, оптовик, в интересах, осуществлять,
привлекательный, покупательная
способность.

2. Give your explanation for the following terms:

Hotel business, restaurant business, tourist
business, central hotel, resort hotel, airport hotel, freeway hotel,
full-service hotel, economy hotel, residential hotel, all-suite
hotel, full-service restaurant, specialty restaurant, French service,
Russian service, American service, tour wholesaler, tour operator,
travel agency, destination-management companies.