The word evidence means

Evidence for a proposition is what supports the proposition. It is usually understood as an indication that the supported proposition is true. What role evidence plays and how it is conceived varies from field to field.

In epistemology, evidence is what justifies beliefs or what makes it rational to hold a certain doxastic attitude. For example, a perceptual experience of a tree may act as evidence that justifies the belief that there is a tree. In this role, evidence is usually understood as a private mental state. Important topics in this field include the questions of what the nature of these mental states is, for example, whether they have to be propositional, and whether misleading mental states can still qualify as evidence. In phenomenology, evidence is understood in a similar sense. Here, however, it is limited to intuitive knowledge that provides immediate access to truth and is therefore indubitable. In this role, it is supposed to provide ultimate justifications for basic philosophical principles and thus turn philosophy into a rigorous science. However, it is highly controversial whether evidence can meet these requirements. Other fields, including the sciences and the law, tend to emphasize more the public nature of evidence (for example, scientists tend to focus on how the data used during statistical inference are generated).^[1] In philosophy of science, evidence is understood as that which confirms or disconfirms scientific hypotheses. Measurements of Mercury’s «anomalous» orbit, for example, are seen as evidence that confirms Einstein’s theory of general relativity. In order to play the role of neutral arbiter between competing theories, it is important that scientific evidence is public and uncontroversial, like observable physical objects or events, so that the proponents of the different theories can agree on what the evidence is. This is ensured by following the scientific method and tends to lead to an emerging scientific consensus through the gradual accumulation of evidence. Two issues for the scientific conception of evidence are the problem of underdetermination, i.e. that the available evidence may support competing theories equally well, and theory-ladenness, i.e. that what some scientists consider the evidence to be may already involve various theoretical assumptions not shared by other scientists. It is often held that there are two kinds of evidence: intellectual evidence or what is self-evident and empirical evidence or evidence accessible through the senses.

In order for something to act as evidence for a hypothesis, it has to stand in the right relation to it. In philosophy, this is referred to as the «evidential relation» and there are competing theories about what this relation has to be like. Probabilistic approaches hold that something counts as evidence if it increases the probability of the supported hypothesis. According to hypothetico-deductivism, evidence consists in observational consequences of the hypothesis. The positive-instance approach states that an observation sentence is evidence for a universal hypothesis if the sentence describes a positive instance of this hypothesis. The evidential relation can occur in various degrees of strength. These degrees range from direct proof of the truth of a hypothesis to weak evidence that is merely consistent with the hypothesis but does not rule out other, competing hypotheses, as in circumstantial evidence.

In law, rules of evidence govern the types of evidence that are admissible in a legal proceeding. Types of legal evidence include testimony, documentary evidence, and physical evidence.^[2] The parts of a legal case that are not in controversy are known, in general, as the «facts of the case.» Beyond any facts that are undisputed, a judge or jury is usually tasked with being a trier of fact for the other issues of a case. Evidence and rules are used to decide questions of fact that are disputed, some of which may be determined by the legal burden of proof relevant to the case. Evidence in certain cases (e.g. capital crimes) must be more compelling than in other situations (e.g. minor civil disputes), which drastically affects the quality and quantity of evidence necessary to decide a case.

Nature of evidence[edit]

Understood in its broadest sense, evidence for a proposition is what supports this proposition. Traditionally, the term is sometimes understood in a narrower sense: as the intuitive knowledge of facts that are considered indubitable.^[3][4][5] In this sense, only the singular form is used. This meaning is found especially in phenomenology, in which evidence is elevated to one of the basic principles of philosophy, giving philosophy the ultimate justifications that are supposed to turn it into a rigorous science.^[6][4][7] In a more modern usage, the plural form is also used. In academic discourse, evidence plays a central role in epistemology and in the philosophy of science. Reference to evidence is made in many different fields, like in science, in the legal system, in history, in journalism and in everyday discourse.^[8][9][10] A variety of different attempts have been made to conceptualize the nature of evidence. These attempts often proceed by starting with intuitions from one field or in relation to one theoretical role played by evidence and go on to generalize these intuitions, leading to a universal definition of evidence.^[8][9][11]

One important intuition is that evidence is what justifies beliefs. This line of thought is usually followed in epistemology and tends to explain evidence in terms of private mental states, for example, as experiences, other beliefs or knowledge. This is closely related to the idea that how rational someone is, is determined by how they respond to evidence.^{[8][9][12][13][14]} Another intuition, which is more dominant in the philosophy of science, focuses on evidence as that which confirms scientific hypotheses and arbitrates between competing theories.^[15] On this view, it is essential that evidence is public so that different scientists can share the same evidence. This leaves publicly observable phenomena like physical objects and events as the best candidates for evidence, unlike private mental states.^[8][9][14] One problem with these approaches is that the resulting definitions of evidence, both within a field and between fields, vary a lot and are incompatible with each other. For example, it is not clear what a bloody knife and a perceptual experience have in common when both are treated as evidence in different disciplines. This suggests that there is no unitary concept corresponding to the different theoretical roles ascribed to evidence, i.e. that we do not always mean the same thing when we talk of evidence.^[8][9][11]

Important theorists of evidence include Bertrand Russell, Willard Van Orman Quine, the logical positivists, Timothy Williamson, Earl Conee and Richard Feldman.^[9] Russell, Quine and the logical positivists belong to the empiricist tradition and hold that evidence consists in sense data, stimulation of one’s sensory receptors and observation statements, respectively.^[16] According to Williamson, all and only knowledge constitute evidence.^[17] Conee and Feldman hold that only one’s current mental states should be considered evidence.^[11]

In epistemology[edit]

The guiding intuition within epistemology concerning the role of evidence is that it is what justifies beliefs.^[8][9] For example, Phoebe’s auditory experience of the music justifies her belief that the speakers are on. Evidence has to be possessed by the believer in order to play this role.^[11] So Phoebe’s own experiences can justify her own beliefs but not someone else’s beliefs. Some philosophers hold that evidence possession is restricted to conscious mental states, for example, to sense data.^[9] This view has the implausible consequence that many of simple everyday-beliefs would be unjustified. The more common view is that all kinds of mental states, including stored beliefs that are currently unconscious, can act as evidence.^[11][18] It is sometimes argued that the possession of a mental state capable of justifying another is not sufficient for the justification to happen. The idea behind this line of thought is that justified belief has to be connected to or grounded in the mental state acting as its evidence.^[11][19] So Phoebe’s belief that the speakers are on is not justified by her auditory experience if the belief is not based in this experience. This would be the case, for example, if Phoebe has both the experience and the belief but is unaware of the fact that the music is produced by the speakers.

It is sometimes held that only propositional mental states can play this role, a position known as «propositionalism».^[17][20] A mental state is propositional if it is an attitude directed at a propositional content. Such attitudes are usually expressed by verbs like «believe» together with a that-clause, as in «Robert believes that the corner shop sells milk».^[21][22] Such a view denies that sensory impressions can act as evidence. This is often held as an argument against this view since sensory impressions are commonly treated as evidence.^[8][16] Propositionalism is sometimes combined with the view that only attitudes to true propositions can count as evidence.^[17] On this view, the belief that the corner shop sells milk only constitutes evidence for the belief that the corner shop sells dairy products if the corner shop actually sells milk. Against this position, it has been argued that evidence can be misleading but still count as evidence.^[11][9]

This line of thought is often combined with the idea that evidence, propositional or otherwise, determines what it is rational for us to believe.^[9][8] But it can be rational to have a false belief.^[23][24] This is the case when we possess misleading evidence. For example, it was rational for Neo in the Matrix movie to believe that he was living in the 20th century because of all the evidence supporting his belief despite the fact that this evidence was misleading since it was part of a simulated reality. This account of evidence and rationality can also be extended to other doxastic attitudes, like disbelief and suspension of belief. So rationality does not just demand that we believe something if we have decisive evidence for it, it also demands that we disbelieve something if we have decisive evidence against it and that we suspend belief if we lack decisive evidence either way.^[9][8][11]

In phenomenology[edit]

The meaning of the term «evidence» in phenomenology shows many parallels to its epistemological usage, but it is understood in a narrower sense. Thus, evidence here specifically refers to intuitive knowledge, which is described as «self-given» (selbst-gegeben).^[25] This contrasts with empty intentions, in which one refers to states of affairs through a certain opinion, but without an intuitive presentation.^[26] This is why evidence is often associated with the controversial thesis that it constitutes an immediate access to truth.^[27] In this sense, the evidently given phenomenon guarantees its own truth and is therefore considered indubitable. Due to this special epistemological status of evidence, it is regarded in phenomenology as the basic principle of all philosophy.^[25][6] In this form, it represents the lowest foundation of knowledge, which consists of indubitable insights upon which all subsequent knowledge is built.^[28] This evidence-based method is meant to make it possible for philosophy to overcome many of the traditionally unresolved disagreements and thus become a rigorous science.^[29][30][6] This far-reaching claim of phenomenology, based on absolute certainty, is one of the focal points of criticism by its opponents. Thus, it has been argued that even knowledge based on self-evident intuition is fallible. This can be seen, for example, in the fact that even among phenomenologists, there is much disagreement about the basic structures of experience.^[31]

In philosophy of science[edit]

In the sciences, evidence is understood as what confirms or disconfirms scientific hypotheses.^[8][9] The term «confirmation» is sometimes used synonymously with that of «evidential support».^[15] Measurements of Mercury’s «anomalous» orbit, for example, are seen as evidence that confirms Einstein’s theory of general relativity. This is especially relevant for choosing between competing theories. So in the case above, evidence plays the role of neutral arbiter between Newton’s and Einstein’s theory of gravitation.^[9] This is only possible if scientific evidence is public and uncontroversial so that proponents of competing scientific theories agree on what evidence is available. These requirements suggest scientific evidence consists not of private mental states but of public physical objects or events.^[9][14]

It is often held that evidence is in some sense prior to the hypotheses it confirms. This was sometimes understood as temporal priority, i.e. that we come first to possess the evidence and later form the hypothesis through induction. But this temporal order is not always reflected in scientific practice, where experimental researchers may look for a specific piece of evidence in order to confirm or disconfirm a pre-existing hypothesis.^[9] Logical positivists, on the other hand, held that this priority is semantic in nature, i.e. that the meanings of the theoretical terms used in the hypothesis are determined by what would count as evidence for them. Counterexamples for this view come from the fact that our idea of what counts as evidence may change while the meanings of the corresponding theoretical terms remain constant.^[9] The most plausible view is that this priority is epistemic in nature, i.e. that our belief in a hypothesis is justified based on the evidence while the justification for the belief in the evidence does not depend on the hypothesis.^[9]

A central issue for the scientific conception of evidence is the problem of underdetermination, i.e. that the evidence available supports competing theories equally well.^[32][33] So, for example, evidence from our everyday life about how gravity works confirms Newton’s and Einstein’s theory of gravitation equally well and is therefore unable to establish consensus among scientists. But in such cases, it is often the gradual accumulation of evidence that eventually leads to an emerging consensus. This evidence-driven process towards consensus seems to be one hallmark of the sciences not shared by other fields.^[9][34]

Another problem for the conception of evidence in terms of confirmation of hypotheses is that what some scientists consider the evidence to be may already involve various theoretical assumptions not shared by other scientists. This phenomenon is known as theory-ladenness.^[9][35] Some cases of theory-ladenness are relatively uncontroversial, for example, that the numbers output by a measurement device need additional assumptions about how this device works and what was measured in order to count as meaningful evidence.^[36] Other putative cases are more controversial, for example, the idea that different people or cultures perceive the world through different, incommensurable conceptual schemes, leading them to very different impressions about what is the case and what evidence is available.^[37] Theory-ladenness threatens to impede the role of evidence as neutral arbiter since these additional assumptions may favor some theories over others. It could thereby also undermine a consensus to emerge since the different parties may be unable to agree even on what the evidence is.^[9][38] When understood in the widest sense, it is not controversial that some form of theory-ladenness exists. But it is questionable whether it constitutes a serious threat to scientific evidence when understood in this sense.^[9]

Nature of the evidential relation[edit]

Philosophers in the 20th century started to investigate the «evidential relation», the relation between evidence and the proposition supported by it.^[1] The issue of the nature of the evidential relation concerns the question of what this relation has to be like in order for one thing to justify a belief or to confirm a hypothesis.^[15] Important theories in this field include the probabilistic approach, hypothetico-deductivism and the positive-instance approach.^[8][39]

Probabilistic approaches, also referred to as Bayesian confirmation theory, explain the evidential relation in terms of probabilities. They hold that all that is necessary is that the existence of the evidence increases the likelihood that the hypothesis is true. This can be expressed mathematically as .^[40][41] In words: a piece of evidence (E) confirms a hypothesis (H) if the conditional probability of this hypothesis relative to the evidence is higher than the unconditional probability of the hypothesis by itself.^[42] Smoke (E), for example, is evidence that there is a fire (H), because the two usually occur together, which is why the likelihood of fire given that there is smoke is higher than the likelihood of fire by itself. On this view, evidence is akin to an indicator or a symptom of the truth of the hypothesis.^[11] Against this approach, it has been argued that it is too liberal because it allows accidental generalizations as evidence. Finding a nickel in one’s pocket, for example, raises the probability of the hypothesis that «All the coins in my pockets are nickels». But, according to Alvin Goldman, it should not be considered evidence for this hypothesis since there is no lawful connection between this one nickel and the other coins in the pocket.^[9]

Hypothetico-deductivism is a non-probabilistic approach that characterizes the evidential relations in terms of deductive consequences of the hypothesis. According to this view, «evidence for a hypothesis is a true observational consequence of that hypothesis».^{[8][15][43][44]} One problem with the characterization so far is that hypotheses usually contain relatively little information and therefore have few if any deductive observational consequences. So the hypothesis by itself that there is a fire does not entail that smoke is observed. Instead, various auxiliary assumptions have to be included about the location of the smoke, the fire, the observer, the lighting conditions, the laws of chemistry, etc. In this way, the evidential relation becomes a three-place relation between evidence, hypothesis and auxiliary assumptions.^[15][45] This means that whether a thing is evidence for a hypothesis depends on the auxiliary assumptions one holds. This approach fits well with various scientific practices. For example, it is often the case that experimental scientists try to find evidence that would confirm or disconfirm a proposed theory. The hypothetico-deductive approach can be used to predict what should be observed in an experiment if the theory was true.^[45] It thereby explains the evidential relation between the experiment and the theory.^[15] One problem with this approach is that it cannot distinguish between relevant and certain irrelevant cases. So if smoke is evidence for the hypothesis «there is fire», then it is also evidence for conjunctions including this hypothesis, for example, «there is fire and Socrates was wise», despite the fact that Socrates’s wisdom is irrelevant here.^[8]

According to the positive-instance approach, an observation sentence is evidence for a universal hypothesis if the sentence describes a positive instance of this hypothesis.^[39][46][47] For example, the observation that «this swan is white» is an instance of the universal hypothesis that «all swans are white». This approach can be given a precise formulation in first-order logic: a proposition is evidence for a hypothesis if it entails the «development of the hypothesis».^[8][15] Intuitively, the development of the hypothesis is what the hypothesis states if it was restricted to only the individuals mentioned in the evidence. In the case above, we have the hypothesis «» (all swans are white) which, when restricted to the domain «{a}», containing only the one individual mentioned in the evidence, entails the evidence, i.e. «» (this swan is white).^[8][15] One important shortcoming of this approach is that it requires that the hypothesis and the evidence are formulated in the same vocabulary, i.e. use the same predicates, like «» or «» above. But many scientific theories posit theoretical objects, like electrons or strings in physics, that are not directly observable and therefore cannot show up in the evidence as conceived here.^[8][15]

Empirical evidence (in science)[edit]

In scientific research evidence is accumulated through observations of phenomena that occur in the natural world, or which are created as experiments in a laboratory or other controlled conditions. Scientists tend to focus on how the data used during statistical inference are generated.^[1] Scientific evidence usually goes towards supporting or rejecting a hypothesis.

The burden of proof is on the person making a contentious claim. Within science, this translates to the burden resting on presenters of a paper, in which the presenters argue for their specific findings. This paper is placed before a panel of judges where the presenter must defend the thesis against all challenges.

When evidence is contradictory to predicted expectations, the evidence and the ways of making it are often closely scrutinized (see experimenter’s regress) and only at the end of this process is the hypothesis rejected: this can be referred to as ‘refutation of the hypothesis’. The rules for evidence used by science are collected systematically in an attempt to avoid the bias inherent to anecdotal evidence.

Law[edit]

In law, the production and presentation of evidence depend first on establishing on whom the burden of proof lies. Admissible evidence is that which a court receives and considers for the purposes of deciding a particular case. Two primary burden-of-proof considerations exist in law. The first is on whom the burden rests. In many, especially Western, courts, the burden of proof is placed on the prosecution in criminal cases and the plaintiff in civil cases. The second consideration is the degree of certitude proof must reach, depending on both the quantity and quality of evidence. These degrees are different for criminal and civil cases, the former requiring evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, the latter considering only which side has the preponderance of evidence, or whether the proposition is more likely true or false. The decision-maker, often a jury, but sometimes a judge decides whether the burden of proof has been fulfilled.

After deciding who will carry the burden of proof, the evidence is first gathered and then presented before the court:

Collection[edit]

In a criminal investigation, rather than attempting to prove an abstract or hypothetical point, the evidence gatherers attempt to determine who is responsible for a criminal act. The focus of criminal evidence is to connect physical evidence and reports of witnesses to a specific person.^[48]

Presentation[edit]

The path that physical evidence takes from the scene of a crime or the arrest of a suspect to the courtroom is called the chain of custody. In a criminal case, this path must be clearly documented or attested to by those who handled the evidence. If the chain of evidence is broken, a defendant may be able to persuade the judge to declare the evidence inadmissible.

Presenting evidence before the court differs from the gathering of evidence in important ways. Gathering evidence may take many forms; presenting evidence that tends to prove or disprove the point at issue is strictly governed by rules. Failure to follow these rules leads to any number of consequences. In law, certain policies allow (or require) evidence to be excluded from consideration based either on indicia relating to reliability, or broader social concerns. Testimony (which tells) and exhibits (which show) are the two main categories of evidence presented at a trial or hearing. In the United States, evidence in federal court is admitted or excluded under the Federal Rules of Evidence.^[49]

Burden of proof[edit]

The burden of proof is the obligation of a party in an argument or dispute to provide sufficient evidence to shift the other party’s or a third party’s belief from their initial position. The burden of proof must be fulfilled by both establishing confirming evidence and negating oppositional evidence. Conclusions drawn from evidence may be subject to criticism based on a perceived failure to fulfill the burden of proof.

Two principal considerations are:

1. On whom does the burden of proof rest?
2. To what degree of certitude must the assertion be supported?

The latter question depends on the nature of the point under contention and determines the quantity and quality of evidence required to meet the burden of proof.

In a criminal trial in the United States, for example, the prosecution carries the burden of proof since the defendant is presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Similarly, in most civil procedures, the plaintiff carries the burden of proof and must convince a judge or jury that the preponderance of the evidence is on their side. Other legal standards of proof include «reasonable suspicion», «probable cause» (as for arrest), «prima facie evidence», «credible evidence», «substantial evidence», and «clear and convincing evidence».

In a philosophical debate, there is an implicit burden of proof on the party asserting a claim, since the default position is generally one of neutrality or unbelief. Each party in a debate will therefore carry the burden of proof for any assertion they make in the argument, although some assertions may be granted by the other party without further evidence. If the debate is set up as a resolution to be supported by one side and refuted by another, the overall burden of proof is on the side supporting the resolution.

Specific types of evidence[edit]

• Digital evidence
• Personal experience
• Physical evidence
• Relationship evidence
• Scientific evidence
• Testimonial evidence
• Trace evidence

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Evidence at PhilPapers
• Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). «Evidence». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• «Evidence». Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• Evidence at the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project
• ASTM E141 Standard Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
• «Evidence» . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English evidence, from Old French [Term?], from Latin evidentia (“clearness, in Late Latin a proof”), from evidens (“clear, evident”); see evident.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛvɪdəns/, /ˈɛvədəns/
• (US) IPA^(key): [ˈɛvəɾɪns]
• Hyphenation: ev‧i‧dence

Noun[edit]

evidence (usually uncountable, plural evidences)

1. Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.
   • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 18:

     We find material evidences of magical practices in the European caves of the Palæolithic age[.]

   • 2012 March 1, Brian Hayes, “Pixels or Perish”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 106:

     Drawings and pictures are more than mere ornaments in scientific discourse. Blackboard sketches, geological maps, diagrams of molecular structure, astronomical photographs, MRI images, the many varieties of statistical charts and graphs: These pictorial devices are indispensable tools for presenting evidence, for explaining a theory, for telling a story.

   There is no evidence that anyone was here earlier.

   We have enough cold hard evidence in that presentation which will make a world of pain for our parasitic friends at Antarctica.

2. (law) Anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial.

   • 2004 April 15, “Morning swoop in hunt for Jodi’s killer”, in The Scotsman:

     For Lothian and Borders Police, the early-morning raid had come at the end one of biggest investigations carried out by the force, which had originally presented a dossier of evidence on the murder of Jodi Jones to the Edinburgh procurator-fiscal, William Gallagher, on 25 November last year.

3. One who bears witness.
   • 1820, [Charles Robert Maturin], Melmoth the Wanderer: A Tale. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Company, and Hurst, Robinson, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 53:

     He recapitulated the Sybil’s story word by word, with the air of a man who is cross-examining an evidence, and trying to make him contradict himself.

4. A body of objectively verifiable facts that are positively indicative of, and/or exclusively concordant with, that one conclusion over any other.

Usage notes[edit]

As a noun, the word evidence is usually treated as uncountable. Thus, enumeration would generally follow a formulation such as, «Five pieces of evidence were submitted. That evidence was highly convincing.» It would rarely be expressed as, «Five evidences were submitted. Those evidences were highly convincing.»

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

• evident
• evidential

Collocations[edit]

Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

evidence (third-person singular simple present evidences, present participle evidencing, simple past and past participle evidenced)

1. (transitive) To provide evidence for, or suggest the truth of.

   She was furious, as evidenced by her slamming the door.

   • 1941 May, “Notes and News: William Stroudley”, in Railway Magazine, page 234:

     That he was a great locomotive engineer, it would be foolish to deny or even to qualify; that he was also extremely pig-headed is fairly evidenced by David Joy, who in his ‘Diaries’ said that Stroudley always wanted his way ‘to the last nut and bolt.’

   • 1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, pages 250-251:

     Elegant brick and stone buildings, with iron and glass canopies and decorative wooden scalloping and fencing—all evidencing care on the part of the architect to produce a pleasing, well-planned building—were submerged beneath a profusion of ill-conceived additions and camouflaged by vulgar paint schemes; and the original conception was lost.

   • 2022 April 6, Conrad Landin, “ScotRail in the public eye…”, in RAIL, number 954, page 39:

     «And I think we can do better, and we have to do better, because we need to evidence why public ownership of the railways is going to work for the people who use it.

Usage notes[edit]

To be distinguished from evince.

Translations[edit]

Quotations[edit]

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:evidence.

Further reading[edit]

• evidence in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• “evidence”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛvɪdɛnt͡sɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛntsɛ

Noun[edit]

evidence f

1. records
2. registry, repository

Declension[edit]

[edit]

• See vize

See also[edit]

• záznamy
• databáze
• registr

Further reading[edit]

• evidence in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• evidence in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• evidence in Internetová jazyková příručka

Friulian[edit]

Noun[edit]

evidence f (plural evidencis)

1. evidence

Middle French[edit]

Noun[edit]

evidence f (plural evidences)

1. evidence

Descendants[edit]

• French: évidence

types:

show 117 types…

hide 117 types…

probable cause

(law) evidence sufficient to warrant an arrest or search and seizure

cogent evidence, proof

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

disproof, falsification, refutation

any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something

lead, track, trail

evidence pointing to a possible solution

symptom

(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease

sign

(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease

reductio, reductio ad absurdum

(reduction to the absurd) a disproof by showing that the consequences of the proposition are absurd; or a proof of a proposition by showing that its negation leads to a contradiction

check, confirmation, substantiation, verification

additional proof that something that was believed (some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct

establishment, validation

the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof

confutation

evidence that refutes conclusively

counterexample

refutation by example

crepitation rale

the crackling sound heard on auscultation when patients with respiratory diseases inhale; associated with tuberculosis and pneumonia and congestive heart failure

hypermenorrhea, menorrhagia

abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged

alkalinuria, alkaluria

a condition in which the urine (which is normally slightly acidic) is alkaline

eosinopenia

a decrease in the number of eosinophils in the blood

haemoglobinemia, hemoglobinemia

presence of excessive hemoglobin in the blood plasma

haemoptysis, hemoptysis

coughing up blood from the respiratory tract; usually indicates a severe infection of the bronchi or lungs

hyperlipaemia, hyperlipemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoidaemia, hyperlipoidemia, lipaemia, lipemia, lipidaemia, lipidemia, lipoidaemia, lipoidemia

presence of excess lipids in the blood

albuminuria, proteinuria

the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin) in the urine; usually a symptom of kidney disorder

aminoaciduria

abnormal presence of amino acids in the urine; usually a symptom of metabolic defects

ammoniuria

excessive ammonia in the urine

Jacquemier’s sign

a purplish discoloration of the mucous membrane of the vagina that occurs early in pregnancy

Kayser-Fleischer ring

a pigmented ring at the outer edge of the cornea of the eye; a symptom of Wilson’s disease

keratomalacia

softening and drying and ulceration of the cornea resulting from vitamin A deficiency; symptom of cystic fibrosis or sprue

Kernig’s sign

symptom of meningitis; patient cannot extend the leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed because of stiffness in the hamstrings

acetonemia, ketonemia, ketosis

an abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the blood as in diabetes mellitus

Koplik’s spots

small red spots with white centers found on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue; symptom of measles that appears one or two days before the measles rash appears

glycosuria

the presence of abnormally high levels of sugar in the urine

lymphuria

the presence of lymph in the urine

monocytosis

increase in the number of monocytes in the blood; symptom of monocytic leukemia

thrombocytosis

increase in the number of platelets in the blood which tends to cause clots to form; associated with many neoplasms and chronic infections and other diseases

ochronosis

an accumulation of dark pigment in cartilage and other connective tissue; usually a symptom of alkaptonuria or phenol poisoning

hypercalcaemia, hypercalcemia

the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or Paget’s disease

hypocalcaemia, hypocalcemia

abnormally low level of calcium in the blood; associated with hypoparathyroidism or kidney malfunction or vitamin D deficiency

hypercalcinuria, hypercalciuria

the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the urine; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or osteoporosis

hypercholesteremia, hypercholesterolemia

the presence of an abnormal amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the blood; associated with the risk of atherosclerosis

hyperkalemia

higher than normal levels of potassium in the circulating blood; associated with kidney failure or sometimes with the use of diuretic drugs

hypokalemia

abnormally low level of potassium in the circulating blood leading to weakness and heart abnormalities; associated with adrenal tumors or starvation or taking diuretics

kaliuresis, kaluresis

the presence of excess potassium in the urine

natriuresis

the presence of abnormally large amounts of sodium in the urine

hypoproteinemia

abnormally low level of protein in the blood; can indicate inadequate diet or intestinal or renal disorders

hypernatremia

excessive amounts of sodium in the blood; possibly indicating diabetes insipidus

hyponatremia

abnormally low level of sodium in the blood; associated with dehydration

hypersplenism

enlarged spleen and a decrease in one or more types of blood cells; associated with many disorders

acetonuria, ketoaciduria, ketonuria

excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine as in diabetes mellitus or starvation

vital sign

sign of life; usually an indicator of a person’s general physical condition

amenia, amenorrhea, amenorrhoea

absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow

aura

a sensation (as of a cold breeze or bright light) that precedes the onset of certain disorders such as a migraine attack or epileptic seizure

chloasma, mask of pregnancy, melasma

a tan discoloration of a woman’s face that is associated with pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives

clubbing

a condition in which the ends of toes and fingers become wide and thick; a symptom of heart or lung disease

cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; a sign that oxygen in the blood is dangerously diminished (as in carbon monoxide poisoning)

diuresis

increased secretion of urine; if not due to increased liquid intake or to the action of a diuretic drug it can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus

prodroma, prodrome

an early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is about to occur

syndrome

a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease

effect

a symptom caused by an illness or a medication

abscess

symptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

purulence, purulency

symptom of being purulent (containing or forming pus)

exophthalmos

protrusion of the eyeball from the socket

festination

involuntary shortening of stride and quickening of gait that occurs in some diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease)

furring

a furlike coating of matter as on the tongue

haematuria, hematuria

the presence of blood in the urine; often a symptom of urinary tract disease

haemoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria

presence of hemoglobin in the urine

haemosiderosis, hemosiderosis

abnormal deposit of hemosiderin; often a symptom of thalassemia or hemochromatosis

nebula

cloudiness of the urine

sneeze, sneezing, sternutation

a symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose

lump, puffiness, swelling

an abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement

bubo

a lymph node that is inflamed and swollen because of plague or gonorrhea or tuberculosis

palsy

a condition marked by uncontrollable tremor

pyuria

presence of white blood cells in the urine; symptom of urinary tract infection

hyperglycaemia, hyperglycemia

abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes

hypoglycaemia, hypoglycemia

abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet

icterus, jaundice

yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia

congestion

excessive accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part

eruption

symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible

numbness

partial or total lack of sensation in a part of the body; a symptom of nerve damage or dysfunction

hurting, pain

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

paraesthesia, paresthesia

abnormal skin sensations (as tingling or tickling or itching or burning) usually associated with peripheral nerve damage

postnasal drip

chronic secretion of mucus from the rear of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx

cardiomegaly, enlarged heart, megacardia, megalocardia

an abnormal enlargement of the heart

cardiac murmur, heart murmur, murmur

an abnormal sound of the heart; sometimes a sign of abnormal function of the heart valves

palpitation

a rapid and irregular heart beat

heartburn, pyrosis

a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder

flush, hot flash

sudden brief sensation of heat (associated with menopause and some mental disorders)

dyspepsia, indigestion, stomach upset, upset stomach

a disorder of digestive function characterized by discomfort or heartburn or nausea

inflammation, redness, rubor

a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat

chill, shivering

a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever

ague, chills and fever

successive stages of chills and fever that is a symptom of malaria

cough, coughing

a sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis

hiccough, hiccup, singultus

(usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion

meningism

symptoms that mimic those of meningitis but without inflammation of the meninges

nausea, sickness

the state that precedes vomiting

cramp, muscle spasm, spasm

a painful and involuntary muscular contraction

cicatrice, cicatrix, scar

a mark left (usually on the skin) by the healing of injured tissue

hardening

abnormal hardening or thickening of tissue

floater, musca volitans, muscae volitantes, spots

spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens

febricity, febrility, fever, feverishness, pyrexia

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

atrophy, wasting, wasting away

a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse

apnea

transient cessation of respiration

dyspnea, dyspnoea

difficult or labored respiration

constipation, irregularity

irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; can be a symptom of intestinal obstruction or diverticulitis

diarrhea, diarrhoea, looseness, looseness of the bowels

frequent and watery bowel movements; can be a symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor

dizziness, giddiness, lightheadedness, vertigo

a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall

anaemia, anemia

a lack of vitality

wheeziness

presence of abnormal high-pitched sound heard with a stethoscope when an airway is blocked (as in asthma or chronic bronchitis)

withdrawal symptom

any physical or psychological disturbance (as sweating or depression) experienced by a drug addict when deprived of the drug

hydrophobia

a symptom of rabies in humans consisting of an aversion to swallowing liquids

areflexia

absence of a reflex; a sign of possible nerve damage

myoglobinuria

the presence of myoglobin in the urine

oliguria

abnormally small production of urine; can be a symptom of kidney disease or obstruction of the urinary tract or edema or an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the body

eosinophilia

a symptom of allergic states; increased eosinophils in the blood

rhinorrhea

persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose (as in the common cold)

steatorrhea

the presence of greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces which are frothy and foul smelling and floating; a symptom of disorders of fat metabolism and malabsorption syndrome

stridor

a whistling sound when breathing (usually heard on inspiration); indicates obstruction of the trachea or larynx

tinnitus

a ringing or booming sensation in one or both ears; a symptom of an ear infection or Meniere’s disease

uratemia

presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout

uraturia

presence of abnormally large amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout

uricaciduria

presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout

доказательство, свидетельство, данные, свидетельствовать, доказывать

существительное ↓

глагол ↓

Словосочетания

the lack of any concrete evidence — отсутствие каких-либо конкретных доказательств  
an important piece of the evidence — важная часть доказательств  
body of evidence — большое количество фактов  
burden of going forward with evidence — бремя первоначального представления доказательств  
circumstantial evidence — косвенные доказательства, косвенные улики  
credibility in evidence — достоверность доказательства  
deposition in evidence — приобщение к материалам дела в качестве улики  
to dig out the evidence — откопать улики  
on this evidence — в свете этого, на основании этого  
from all evidence — на основании всех фактов  
scrap / shred of evidence — минимальные признаки  
bulk of evidence — основные факты  

Примеры с переводом

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

1
evidence

evidence [ˊevɪdǝns]

1) основа́ние; да́нные, при́знаки;

2)

юр.

ули́ка; свиде́тельское показа́ние;

in evidence при́нятый в ка́честве доказа́тельства [ср. тж. 3)]

3) очеви́дность;

in evidence заме́тный, броса́ющийся в глаза́ [ср. тж. 2)]

2.

v

служи́ть доказа́тельством, дока́зывать

Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > evidence

2
evidence

Англо-русский словарь строительных терминов > evidence

3
evidence

evidence очевидность; основание; доказательство; признаки; научные данные

English-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > evidence

4
evidence

Персональный Сократ > evidence

5
evidence

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > evidence

6
evidence

1) средство или средства доказывания; доказательство, доказательства; подтверждение; улика | служить доказательством, подтверждать, доказывать

2) свидетельское показание, свидетельские показания | свидетельствовать, давать показания

3) дача показаний, представление или исследование доказательств ; доказывание

•

evidence aliunde — внешнее доказательство, лежащее вне документа доказательство;

evidence before trial — показания, данные или доказательства, представленные до начала судебного процесса;

failure to give evidence — непредставление доказательств; невозможность дать показания; отказ от дачи показаний;

in evidence — в доказательство, в качестве доказательства;

evidence in question — 1. оспариваемое доказательство 2. исследуемое и оцениваемое доказательство;

item in evidence — предмет, представленный в качестве доказательства;

piece of evidence — часть доказательственного материала; отдельное доказательство;

to become Commonwealth’s [Crown’s, government’s, King’s, People’s, Queen’s, State’s] evidence — стать свидетелем обвинения, перейти на сторону обвинения, дав показания против сообвиняемого;

to compare evidence — 1. сопоставить доказательства, показания 2. произвести очную ставку;

to give evidence — 1. давать показания 2. представить доказательства;

to lead evidence — 1. заслушивать, отбирать показания 2. принимать доказательства;

evidence to meet — доказательство в поддержку, поддерживающее доказательство;

to prepare evidence — 1. сфабриковать доказательства 2. подготовиться к даче показаний;

evidence to rebut — доказательство в опровержение, опровергающее доказательство;

to receive evidence — 1. получить, отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;

to sift evidence — тщательно исследовать, анализировать доказательства или показания;

to take evidence — 1. отобрать показания 2. принять доказательства;

to withhold evidence — воздержаться, отказаться от дачи показаний или от представления доказательств;

— evidence of arrest
— evidence of blood grouping tests
— evidence of character
— evidence of confession
— evidence of credibility
— evidence of crime
— evidence of debt
— evidence of disposition
— evidence of fact
— evidence of guilt
— evidence of identification
— evidence of identity
— evidence of indebtedness
— evidence of opportunity
— evidence of practice
— evidence of reputation
— evidence of title
— acceptable evidence
— actual evidence
— additional evidence
— adduced evidence
— adequate evidence
— adminicular evidence
— admissible evidence
— admitted evidence
— adversary evidence
— affirmative evidence
— affirmative rebuttal evidence
— after-discovered evidence
— ample evidence
— ascertaining evidence
— autoptical evidence
— auxiliary evidence
— available evidence
— ballistics evidence
— ballistic evidence
— best evidence
— better evidence
— biological evidence
— casual evidence
— character evidence
— character-witness evidence
— circumstantial evidence
— civil evidence
— clear evidence
— closed evidence
— cogent evidence
— collateral evidence
— Commonwealth’s evidence
— competent evidence
— completing evidence
— conclusive evidence
— concocted evidence
— concomittant evidence
— confirmatory evidence
— conflicting evidence
— consistent evidence
— contradicting evidence
— contrary evidence
— contributing evidence
— controverted evidence
— controvertible evidence
— convincing evidence
— copy evidence
— corroborated evidence
— corroborating evidence
— counteracting evidence
— counter evidence
— credible evidence
— criminal evidence
— criminating evidence
— Crown’s evidence
— culpatory evidence
— cumulative evidence
— damaging evidence
— damning evidence
— decisive evidence
— demeanor evidence
— demonstrative evidence
— derivative evidence
— direct evidence
— disproving evidence
— doctored evidence
— documentary evidence
— empirical evidence
— entered evidence
— exact evidence
— excluded evidence
— exculpatory evidence
— expert evidence
— expert opinion evidence
— explaining evidence
— external evidence
— extrajudicial evidence
— extraneous evidence
— extrinsic evidence
— fabricated evidence
— false evidence
— final evidence
— fingerprint evidence
— firm evidence
— first hand evidence
— footprint evidence
— foundation evidence
— fragmentary evidence
— fresh evidence
— further evidence
— government’s evidence
— habit evidence
— hard evidence
— hearsay evidence
— higher evidence
— identification evidence
— identifying evidence
— illegally obtained evidence
— illustrative evidence
— immaterial evidence
— immunized evidence
— impeaching evidence
— implicating evidence
— impugned evidence
— inadequate evidence
— inadmissible evidence
— incompetent evidence
— inconclusive evidence
— inconsistent evidence
— incontroverted evidence
— incontrovertible evidence
— incriminating evidence
— inculpatory evidence
— independent evidence
— indicative evidence
— indirect evidence
— indispensable evidence
— indubitable evidence
— inferential evidence
— inferior evidence
— insufficient evidence
— insufficient evidence for the defence
— internal evidence
— introduced evidence
— irrefutable evidence
— irrelevant evidence
— judicial evidence
— King’s evidence
— legal evidence
— legally obtained evidence
— legitimate evidence
— manufactured evidence
— material evidence
— mathematical evidence
— moral evidence
— negative evidence
— negative rebuttal evidence
— newly-discovered evidence
— nonexculpatory evidence
— notarial evidence
— obtainable evidence
— obtained evidence
— offered evidence
— official evidence
— opinion evidence
— opinion evidence of character
— opposing evidence
— oral evidence
— original evidence
— out-of-court evidence
— overwhelming evidence
— parol evidence
— partial evidence
— pedigree evidence
— People’s evidence
— perjured evidence
— persuasive evidence
— physical evidence
— police evidence
— positive evidence
— possible evidence
— preappointed evidence
— predominant evidence
— preferable evidence
— prejudicial evidence
— presuming evidence
— presumptive evidence
— prevailing evidence
— prima facie evidence
— primary evidence
— probable evidence
— proffered evidence
— proper evidence
— prosecution evidence
— prospectant evidence
— proving evidence
— pure expert opinion evidence
— Queen’s evidence
— radar evidence of speed
— radar evidence
— real evidence
— reasonable evidence
— rebuttal evidence
— rebutted evidence
— rebutting evidence
— receivable evidence
— received evidence
— recognized evidence
— recollection evidence
— record evidence
— recorded evidence
— record evidence of title
— related evidence
— relevant evidence
— repelling evidence
— reputation evidence of character
— requisite evidence
— retrospectant evidence
— routine practice evidence
— satisfactory evidence
— scientific evidence
— secondary evidence
— second hand evidence
— shaken evidence
— significant evidence
— similar evidence
— slimmer evidence
— slim evidence
— solid evidence
— spoken evidence
— state’s evidence
— strengthening evidence
— strong evidence
— stronger evidence
— strongest available evidence
— substantial evidence
— substantive evidence
— substitutionary evidence
— sufficient evidence
— supplementary evidence
— supporting evidence
— suspect evidence
— sworn evidence
— tainted evidence
— tendered evidence
— testimonial evidence
— trace evidence
— traditionary evidence
— uncontradicted evidence
— uncorroborated evidence
— unfavourable evidence
— unshaken evidence
— unsworn evidence
— untainted evidence
— verbal evidence
— visible evidence
— visual evidence
— vital evidence
— volunteer evidence
— weak evidence
— weaker evidence
— wiretap information evidence
— wiretap evidence
— written evidence
— evidence of criminality
— confirming evidence
— corroborative evidence
— explanatory evidence
— intrinsic evidence
— prime evidence

Англо-русский юридический словарь > evidence

7
evidence

[ˈevɪdəns]

additional evidence новые свидетельские показания audit evidence материалы ревизии bear evidence давать показания evidence юр. улика; свидетельское показание; piece of evidence улика; cumulative evidence совокупность улик; to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний contrary evidence противоположное свидетельство evidence юр. улика; свидетельское показание; piece of evidence улика; cumulative evidence совокупность улик; to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний cumulative evidence совокупность доказательств demonstrative evidence вещественное доказательство direct evidence прямая улика direct evidence прямое свидетельское показание documentary evidence документальное доказательство evidence давать показания evidence данные evidence доказательство evidence основание; данные, признаки; to give (или to bear) evidence свидетельствовать evidence основание evidence очевидность; in evidence заметный, бросающийся в глаза evidence подтверждать evidence показание обвиняемого evidence показание свидетеля evidence свидетель evidence свидетельство evidence свидетельствовать evidence служить доказательством, подтверждать evidence служить доказательством, доказывать evidence служить доказательством evidence средство доказывания, доказательство evidence юр. улика; свидетельское показание; piece of evidence улика; cumulative evidence совокупность улик; to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний evidence улика, свидетельсткое показание evidence улика evidence факты to turn King’s (или Queen’s амер. State’s) evidence выдать сообщников и стать свидетелем обвинения evidence by party свидетельство одной из сторон evidence in court свидетель в суде evidence of easement свидетельство о сервитуте external evidence доказательство, лежащее вне документа on this evidence в свете этого; from all evidence, there is ample evidence that все говорит за то, что evidence основание; данные, признаки; to give (или to bear) evidence свидетельствовать give evidence давать свидетельские показания give evidence доказывать give evidence представлять доказательства give evidence свидетельствовать give evidence служить доказательством give untruthful evidence давать ложные показания hear evidence юр. заслушивать свидетельские показания hearsay evidence юр. доказательства, основанные на слухах hearsay evidence юр. показания с чужих слов hearsay: evidence attr. основанный на слухах; hearsay evidence юр. доказательства, основанные на слухах evidence очевидность; in evidence заметный, бросающийся в глаза in evidence принятый в качестве доказательства indirect evidence косвенная улика judicial evidence судебная улика legal evidence доказательства, принимаемые судом material evidence вещественное доказательство objective evidence объективное доказательство on this evidence в свете этого; from all evidence, there is ample evidence that все говорит за то, что opinion evidence предполагаемое доказательство oral evidence устные свидетельские показания panel evidence показания экспертов parol evidence устные свидетельские показания paternity evidence доказательство отцовства physical evidence вещественное доказательство evidence юр. улика; свидетельское показание; piece of evidence улика; cumulative evidence совокупность улик; to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний piece: evidence of evidence улика presumptive evidence косвенное доказательство presumptive evidence опровержимое доказательство presumptive evidence показания, основанные на догадках presumptive evidence факты, создающие презумпцию доказательства presumptive: presumptive предполагаемый; предположительный; presumptive evidence показания, основанные на догадках prima facie evidence доказательство, достаточное при отсутствии опровержения prima facie evidence презумпция доказательства; доказательство, достаточное при отсутствии опровержения prima facie evidence презумпция доказательства primary evidence наилучшее доказательство primary evidence первичное доказательство primary evidence подлинное доказательство probable evidence косвенное доказательство probable evidence опровержимое доказательство probable evidence факты, создающие презумпцию доказательства produce evidence предъявлять доказательства produce evidence предъявлять улики Queen’s evidence обвиняемый, изобличающий своих сообщников real evidence вещественные доказательства rebutting evidence контрдоказательство rebutting evidence опровергающее доказательство rebutting evidence опровергающие доказательства, контрдоказательства second-hand evidence неподлинное доказательство second-hand evidence производное доказательство secondary evidence неполное доказательство secondary evidence производное доказательство supporting evidence подтверждающая улика take evidence выслушивать свидетельские показания take evidence допрашивать и протоколировать показания take evidence принимать доказательства take evidence снимать свидетельские показания on this evidence в свете этого; from all evidence, there is ample evidence that все говорит за то, что to turn King’s (или Queen’s амер. State’s) evidence выдать сообщников и стать свидетелем обвинения uncorroborated evidence неподтвержденное свидетельство unimpeachable evidence бесспорное доказательство

English-Russian short dictionary > evidence

8
evidence

ˈevɪdəns
1. сущ.
1) ясность, наглядность, очевидность Evidence cannot be hidden. ≈ Очевидность нельзя спрятать. in evidence Syn: clearness, evidentness
2) основание;
знак, признак, симптом;
факты, данные on this evidence ≈ в свете этого, на основании этого from all evidence ≈ на основании всех фактов scrap, shred of evidence ≈ минимальные признаки body of evidence ≈ корпус данных bulk of evidence ≈ основные факты Syn: indication, sign
1., token
1., trace
1.
3) доказательство, подтверждение;
свидетельство The plain evidence of facts is superior to all declarations. ≈ Простое доказательство фактов выше всяких заявлений. Syn: testimony, proof
1.
4) юр. улика;
свидетельское показание in evidence ≈ принятый в качестве доказательства evidence against ≈ свидетельство против to call in evidence ≈ вызывать в суд для дачи показаний to gather evidence, to piece together evidence ≈ собирать улики to suppress evidence, withhold evidence ≈ утаивать улики to bear evidence, furnish evidence, give evidence, introduce evidence, produce evidence, provide evidence ≈ свидетельствовать, давать свидетельские показания circumstantial evidence ≈ косвенные доказательства или улики piece of evidence ≈ улика admissible evidence ample evidence cogent evidence compelling evidence convincing evidence conclusive evidence concrete evidence cumulative evidence direct evidence documentary evidence hard evidence hearsay evidence inadmissible evidence indisputable evidence irrefutable evidence undeniable evidence unquestionable evidence — material evidence prima facie evidence reliable evidence trustworthy evidence satisfactory evidence strong evidence substantial evidence telltale evidence Syn: testimony
2. гл.
1) служить доказательством;
показывать, демонстрировать His behaviour abundantly evidences it. ≈ Его поведение явно свидетельствует об этом. Syn: demonstrate, prove
2) удостоверять, свидетельствовать;
подтверждать I invoke Heaven and men to evidence my truth. ≈ Я призываю Бога и людей засвидетельствовать, что я говорю правду. Syn: attest
3) юр. давать показания, выступать свидетелем
основание;
данные, факт(ы), признак(и) ;
свидетельства — archaeological * археологические свидетельства /находки/ — climatological * климатологические данные — historical * исторические факты /свидетельства/ — there is little * that… мало оснований думать, что…;
не заметно, чтобы…, нет никаких признаков того, чтобы… — there is some * of recovery есть некоторые признаки улучшения — speculation from * предположения на основании имеющихся фактов — * in favour of a theory данные, говорящие в пользу теории — despite * to the contrary несмотря на факты, свидетельствующие об обратном доказательство, свидетельство — to bear /to give/ * of свидетельствовать о, подтверждать, показывать — let’s have an * of good faith нам нужны доказательства (вашей) добросовестности — to adduce * in support of… приводить доказательства в поддержку… очевидность, явность — in * наличный, присутствующий;
заметный — to be in * иметь место;
присутствовать — he was not in * его нигде не было видно — to be very much in * иметь распространение, быть обычным явлением;
быть постоянно на виду;
быть заметным;
мозолить глаза (юридическое) доказательство;
улика — circumstantial /indirect/ * косвенные улики;
косвенное доказательство — collateral * косвенная улика — conclusive * неоспоримое доказательство — documentary * письменное доказательство — oral and written * устные и письменные доказательства — cumulative * совокупность улик — in * принятый в качестве доказательства — law of * доказательственное право показание свидетеля или обвиняемого — parole * устное показание — hearsay * показания с чужих слов — to call in * вызывать в качестве свидетеля — to give * давать( свидетельское) показание — to take the * of smb. допрашивать кого-л. и протоколировать /фиксировать/ его показания свидетель — King’s /Queen’s, амер. State’s/ * сообвиняемый, изобличающий своих сообщников (с целью самому избежать наказания) ;
показание такого сообвиняемого — to turn King’s /Queen’s, State’s/ * изобличать своих сообщников (с целью самому избежать наказания) (юридическое) документ, которым подтверждается какое-л. право свидетельствовать, показывать — to * one’s appreciation выказать удовлетворение, засвидетельствовать свое одобрение — expressions evidencing an intention выражения, свидетельствующие о каком-л. намерении — his pleasure was *d by his smile улыбка показала, что он доволен — their impatience was *d in loud interruptions их раздражение проявлялось в громких репликах служить доказательством, подтверждать — documents evidencing shipment документы, подтверждающие отгрузку ( юридическое) давать показания — her friend *d against her ее подруга показала против нее( юридическое) доказывать;
служить доказательством
additional ~ новые свидетельские показания
audit ~ материалы ревизии
bear ~ давать показания
~ юр. улика;
свидетельское показание;
piece of evidence улика;
cumulative evidence совокупность улик;
to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний
contrary ~ противоположное свидетельство
~ юр. улика;
свидетельское показание;
piece of evidence улика;
cumulative evidence совокупность улик;
to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний cumulative ~ совокупность доказательств
demonstrative ~ вещественное доказательство
direct ~ прямая улика direct ~ прямое свидетельское показание
documentary ~ документальное доказательство
evidence давать показания ~ данные ~ доказательство ~ основание;
данные, признаки;
to give (или to bear) evidence свидетельствовать ~ основание ~ очевидность;
in evidence заметный, бросающийся в глаза ~ подтверждать ~ показание обвиняемого ~ показание свидетеля ~ свидетель ~ свидетельство ~ свидетельствовать ~ служить доказательством, подтверждать ~ служить доказательством, доказывать ~ служить доказательством ~ средство доказывания, доказательство ~ юр. улика;
свидетельское показание;
piece of evidence улика;
cumulative evidence совокупность улик;
to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний ~ улика, свидетельсткое показание ~ улика ~ факты to turn King’s (или Queen’s амер. State’s) ~ выдать сообщников и стать свидетелем обвинения
~ by party свидетельство одной из сторон
~ in court свидетель в суде
~ of easement свидетельство о сервитуте
external ~ доказательство, лежащее вне документа
on this ~ в свете этого;
from all evidence, there is ample evidence that все говорит за то, что
~ основание;
данные, признаки;
to give (или to bear) evidence свидетельствовать give ~ давать свидетельские показания give ~ доказывать give ~ представлять доказательства give ~ свидетельствовать give ~ служить доказательством
give untruthful ~ давать ложные показания
hear ~ юр. заслушивать свидетельские показания
hearsay ~ юр. доказательства, основанные на слухах hearsay ~ юр. показания с чужих слов hearsay: ~ attr. основанный на слухах;
hearsay evidence юр. доказательства, основанные на слухах
~ очевидность;
in evidence заметный, бросающийся в глаза in ~ принятый в качестве доказательства
indirect ~ косвенная улика
judicial ~ судебная улика
legal ~ доказательства, принимаемые судом
material ~ вещественное доказательство
objective ~ объективное доказательство
on this ~ в свете этого;
from all evidence, there is ample evidence that все говорит за то, что
opinion ~ предполагаемое доказательство
oral ~ устные свидетельские показания
panel ~ показания экспертов
parol ~ устные свидетельские показания
paternity ~ доказательство отцовства
physical ~ вещественное доказательство
~ юр. улика;
свидетельское показание;
piece of evidence улика;
cumulative evidence совокупность улик;
to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний piece: ~ of evidence улика
presumptive ~ косвенное доказательство presumptive ~ опровержимое доказательство presumptive ~ показания, основанные на догадках presumptive ~ факты, создающие презумпцию доказательства presumptive: presumptive предполагаемый;
предположительный;
presumptive evidence показания, основанные на догадках
prima facie ~ доказательство, достаточное при отсутствии опровержения prima facie ~ презумпция доказательства;
доказательство, достаточное при отсутствии опровержения prima facie ~ презумпция доказательства
primary ~ наилучшее доказательство primary ~ первичное доказательство primary ~ подлинное доказательство
probable ~ косвенное доказательство probable ~ опровержимое доказательство probable ~ факты, создающие презумпцию доказательства
produce ~ предъявлять доказательства produce ~ предъявлять улики
Queen’s ~ обвиняемый, изобличающий своих сообщников
real ~ вещественные доказательства
rebutting ~ контрдоказательство rebutting ~ опровергающее доказательство rebutting ~ опровергающие доказательства, контрдоказательства
second-hand ~ неподлинное доказательство second-hand ~ производное доказательство
secondary ~ неполное доказательство secondary ~ производное доказательство
supporting ~ подтверждающая улика
take ~ выслушивать свидетельские показания take ~ допрашивать и протоколировать показания take ~ принимать доказательства take ~ снимать свидетельские показания
on this ~ в свете этого;
from all evidence, there is ample evidence that все говорит за то, что
to turn King’s (или Queen’s амер. State’s) ~ выдать сообщников и стать свидетелем обвинения
uncorroborated ~ неподтвержденное свидетельство
unimpeachable ~ бесспорное доказательство

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > evidence

9
evidence

Politics english-russian dictionary > evidence

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evidence

[‘evɪd(ə)n(t)s]
1.

сущ.

1) ясность, наглядность, очевидность

Evidence cannot be hidden. — Очевидность нельзя спрятать.

Syn:

2) основание; знак, признак, симптом; факты, данные

scrap / shred of evidence — минимальные признаки

Syn:

3) доказательство, подтверждение; свидетельство

The plain evidence of facts is superior to all declarations. — Простое доказательство фактов выше всяких заявлений.

Syn:

4)

юр.

улика; свидетельское показание

to gather / piece together evidence — собирать улики

to suppress / withhold evidence — утаивать улики

The lawyer produced conclusive evidence that the accused could not have been at the scene of the crime. — Адвокат предоставил неопровержимые доказательства того, что обвиняемый не мог находиться на месте преступления.

«Body of Evidence» — «Тело как улика»

to bear evidence, to furnish evidence, to give evidence, to introduce evidence, to produce evidence, to provide evidence — свидетельствовать, давать свидетельские показания

— cogent evidence
— compelling evidence
— convincing evidence
— concrete evidence
— cumulative evidence
— direct evidence
— hard evidence
— hearsay evidence
— inadmissible evidence
— indisputable evidence
— irrefutable evidence
— undeniable evidence
— unquestionable evidence
— documentary evidence

— reliable evidence
— trustworthy evidence
— satisfactory evidence
— strong evidence
— substantial evidence
— telltale evidence

Syn:

2.

гл.

1) служить доказательством; показывать, демонстрировать

His behaviour abundantly evidences it. — Его поведение явно свидетельствует об этом.

Syn:

2) удостоверять, свидетельствовать; подтверждать

I invoke Heaven and men to evidence my truth. — Я призываю Бога и людей засвидетельствовать, что я говорю правду.

Syn:

3)

юр.

давать показания, выступать свидетелем

Англо-русский современный словарь > evidence

11
evidence

1. n основание; данные, факт, признак; свидетельства

2. n доказательство, свидетельство

3. n очевидность, явность

4. n юр. доказательство; улика

5. n юр. показание свидетеля или обвиняемого

6. v свидетельствовать, показывать

7. v служить доказательством, подтверждать

8. v юр. давать показания

9. v юр. доказывать; служить доказательством

Синонимический ряд:

1. documentation (noun) affidavit; attestation; authentication; confirmation; corroboration; data; deposition; documentation; exhibit; information; proof; substantiation; testament; testimonial; testimony; validation; verification

2. sign (noun) index; indication; indicator; indicia; mark; sign; signal; significant; signification; stamp; symptom; token; witness

3. show (verb) connote; demonstrate; denote; designate; display; evince; exhibit; illustrate; make clear; manifest; mark; ostend; proclaim; show

Антонимический ряд:

concealment; conjecture; contradiction; doubt; fallacy; surmise

English-Russian base dictionary > evidence

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evidence

1) данные, факты, основание

2) доказательство, свидетельство

3) очевидность, явность

4)

юр.

доказательство, улика; показание свидетеля или обвиняемого

— take the evidence of smb.

•

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > evidence

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evidence

1. [ʹevıd(ə)ns]

1. 1) основание; данные, факт(ы), признак(и); свидетельства

archaeological evidence — археологические свидетельства /находки/

historical evidence — исторические факты /свидетельства/

there is little evidence that… — а) мало оснований думать, что…; б) не заметно, чтобы…, нет никаких признаков того, чтобы…

evidence in favour of a theory — данные, говорящие в пользу теории

despite evidence to the contrary — несмотря на факты, свидетельствующие об обратном

2) доказательство, свидетельство

to bear /to give/ evidence of — свидетельствовать о, подтверждать, показывать

let’s have an evidence of good faith — нам нужны доказательства (вашей) добросовестности

to adduce evidence in support of… — приводить доказательства в поддержку…

2. очевидность, явность

in evidence — а) наличный, присутствующий; б) заметный; [ тж. 3, 1)]

to be in evidence — а) иметь место; б) присутствовать

to be very much in evidence — а) иметь распространение, быть обычным явлением; б) быть постоянно на виду; быть заметным; ≅ мозолить глаза

1) доказательство; улика

circumstantial /indirect/ evidence — косвенные улики; косвенное доказательство

in evidence — принятый в качестве доказательства [ тж. 2]

2) показание свидетеля обвиняемого

to take the evidence of smb. — допрашивать кого-л. и протоколировать /фиксировать/ его показания

3) свидетель

King’s /Queen’s, State’s/ evidence — а) сообвиняемый, изобличающий своих сообщников (); б) показание такого сообвиняемого

to turn King’s /Queen’s, State’s/ evidence — изобличать своих сообщников ()

4.

документ, которым подтверждается какое-л. право

2. [ʹevıd(ə)ns]

1. свидетельствовать, показывать

to evidence one’s appreciation — выказать удовлетворение, засвидетельствовать своё одобрение

expressions evidencing an intention — выражения, свидетельствующие о каком-л. намерении

his pleasure was evidenced by his smile — улыбка показала, что он доволен

their impatience was evidenced in loud interruptions — их раздражение проявлялось в громких репликах

2. служить доказательством, подтверждать

documents evidencing shipment — документы, подтверждающие отгрузку

1) давать показания

2) доказывать; служить доказательством

НБАРС > evidence

14
evidence

2) доказательство; свидетельство

4) явность, очевидность

5) свидетельское показание, улика

•

English-Russian scientific dictionary > evidence

15
evidence

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > evidence

16
evidence

1) данные, факт[ы]

2) доказательство; свидетельское показание

•

Economists are calling for more rate reductions as evidence mounts that recovery from recession may take longer than expected. — Экономисты призывают к дальнейшему снижению процентных ставок по мере того, как появляется все больше доказательств того, что оживление после спада может наступить позднее ожидаемых сроков.

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > evidence

17
evidence

Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > evidence

18
evidence

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > evidence

19
evidence

1) очевидность; in evidence заметный, бросающийся в глаза

2) основание; данные, признаки; to give (или to bear) evidence свидетельствовать; on this evidence в свете этого; from all evidence, there is ample evidence that все говорит за то, что

3)

leg.

улика; свидетельское показание; piece of evidence улика; cumulative evidence совокупность улик; to call in evidence вызывать (в суд) для дачи показаний; to turn King’s (или Queen,s

amer.

State’s) evidence выдать сообщников и стать свидетелем обвинения; in evidence принятый в качестве доказательства

Syn:

testimony

служить доказательством, доказывать

* * *

1 (n) доказательство; свидетельское показание; свидетельство

2 (v) подтверждать; служить доказательством

* * *

доказательство, улика

* * *

[ev·i·dence || ‘evɪdəns]
основание, улика, данные, признаки, свидетельство, доказательство, очевидность, свидетельское показание
свидетельствовать, служить доказательством, доказывать

* * *

доказательство

очевидность

свидетельства

свидетельство

улика

улику

* * *

1. сущ.
1) ясность
2) основание; знак, признак
2. гл.
1) служить доказательством
2) удостоверять
3) юр. давать показания, выступать свидетелем

Новый англо-русский словарь > evidence

20
evidence

Patent terms dictionary > evidence

1	0   0 n. every type of proof legally presented at trial (allowed by the…

2	0   0 Evidence Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case in favor of one side or the other.

3	0   0 Evidence Relationships Related Term:  admissibility business exception rule constructive notice hearsay rule n. ~ 1. Something that is used to support an understanding or argument. — 2. Law · A record, an ob [..]

4	0   0 Evidence Plainly visible and conspicuous material objects or other items presented to the senses that would tend to produce conviction in the mind of an ordinary person as to the existence or non-existence of [..]

5	0   0 Evidence 1. Information that proves or disproves a stated issue. 2. Information that an auditor gathers in the course of performing an IS audit; relevant if it pertains to the audit objectives and has a logica [..]

6

0   0 Evidence Evidence is material that tends to prove or disprove a particular fact or facts. Evidence might be an object or thing, it might be a document or it might be oral testimony from a witness. Whether evidence can be used in a hearing will depend on its admissibility. This may depend on a number of matters and there are many rules of evidence which take [..]

7	0   0 Evidence to be or show evidence ofThat it has been populated from prehistoric times is evidenced by the remains of Neolithic buildings.

8	0   0 Evidence The documents you must submit to support a factor of entitlement or payment amount. The people in your Social Security office can explain what evidence is required to establish entitlement and help yo [..]

9	0   0 Evidence Anything that can be used to prove or disprove an alleged fact.

10	0   0 Evidence c. 1300, «appearance from which inferences may be drawn,» from Old French evidence, from Late Latin evidentia «proof,» in classical Latin «distinction, vivid presentation, cle [..]

11	0   0 Evidence «show clearly, prove, give evidence of,» c. 1600, from evidence (n.). Related: Evidenced; evidencing.

12	0   0 Evidence a form of proof or probative matter legally presented at the trial of an issue by the acts of the parties and through witnesses, records, documents, concrete objects, etc., for the purpose of inducing [..]

13	0   0 Evidence data that can be measured, observed, examined, and analyzed to support a conclusion.

14	0   0 Evidence Information on which a decision or guidance is based. Evidence can be obtained from a range of sources, including randomised controlled trials, observational studies and expert opinion (for example, h [..]

15	0   0 Evidence The many types of information presented to a judge or jury designed to convince them of the truth or falsity of key facts. Evidence typically includes testimony of witnesses, documents, photographs, i [..]

16	0   0 Evidence your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" attest: provide evidence for; stand a [..]

17	0   0 Evidence Information from texts or research used to support a writer’s argument or idea.

18

0   0 Evidence A broad definition of evidence is any empirical observation, whether systematically collected or not.  The unsystematic observations of the individual clinician constitute one source of evidence. Physiologic experiments constitute another source.  Clinical research evidence refers to systematic observation of clinical events, and is the focus of [..]

19	0   0 Evidence The information contained within a source that tends to support an historical argument or provides information for a specific historical inquiry.

20	0   0 Evidence Test results and/or observations that may either help support or help refute a scientific idea. In general, raw data are considered evidence only once they have been interpreted in a way that reflects [..]

21	0   0 Evidence Testimony, writings, or material objects offered in a court of law to prove a fact.

22	0   0 Evidence rayes

23	0   0 Evidence Data on which the investigation team will rely for subsequent analysis, testing, reconstruction, corroboration, and conclusions.

24	0   0 Evidence Information offered to support a conclusion or judgment.

25	0   0 Evidence [Medieval Latin evidentia, from Latin, that which is obvious, from evident- evidens clear, obvious, from e- out of, from + videns, present participle of videre to see] : something that furnishes or .. [..]

26	0   0 Evidence Data and documentation that support inferences or conclusions.

27	0   0 Evidence objective findings during a scientific investigation that either support or do not support the hypothesis

28	0   0 Evidence   The information presented to the Court or Commission upon which it makes a decision.

29	0   0 Evidence relevant and sufficient data from an experiment and/or other scientists’ experiments. Experimental Procedure

30	0   0 Evidence Evidence in a broad sense refers to something that furnishes proof of a matter. In the legal context, it is something legally submitted in court or other decision-making body to ascertain the truth of [..]

31	0   0 Evidence 1) The in extenso transcript of what is said during a committee meeting. Synonym: Verbatim record 2) Answer or information given by a witness who is examined by a Committee.

32	0   0 Evidence (n) your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief(n) an indication that makes something evident(n) (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is inv [..]

33	0   0 Evidence argumentum, testimonium, indicium

34	0   0 Evidence Definition A relevant item or piece of information that may be used to prove a point of law.

35	0   0 Evidence Information presented in court to prove or disprove alleged facts. See also specific types, including expert evidence.

36	0   0 Evidence Before the eyes of the people; to the front; actually present (Latin). Evidence, meaning testimony in proof of something, has a large number of varieties, as—

37	0   0 Evidence A detailed description of the benefits included in the health plan. An evidence/certificate of coverage is required by state laws and representative fo the coverage provided under the contract issued to an employer.

38	0   0 Evidence The data on which a judgment or conclusion might be based or by which proof or probability might be established. Critical thinkers distinguish the evidence or raw data upon which they base their inter [..]

39	0   0 Evidence Testimony or exhibits received by the court at any stage of court proceedings.

40	0   0 Evidence Any proof legally presented at trial through witnesses, records, and/or exhibits.

41	0   0 Evidence Documents, testimony of parties or witnesses, or physical objects presented as proof during trial.

42	0   0 Evidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved.

43	0   0 Evidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved.

44	0   0 Evidence Materials and documents that support a court case on behalf of a person or parties involved.

45	0   0 Evidence Any form of proof presented by a party for the purpose of supporting its factual allegations or arguments before the court.

46	0   0 Evidence Facts, figures, details, quotations, or other sources of data and information that provide support for claims or an analysis and that can be evaluated by others; should appear in a form and be derived [..]

47	0   0 Evidence Documents, reports and other information that demonstrates compliance or performance.

48

0   0 Evidence Evidence is the information presented by Counsel or defence. It includes the testimony of witnesses as well as objects and documents known as exhibits. Admissible Evidence is evidence that may be received by a trial Court to aid the judge or jury. Inadmissible Evidence is evidence that may not be received by a trial Court, generally because it is n [..]

49	0   0 Evidence The documentation, multiple and valid measures, and analysis provided as the basis for and proof of an educator preparation provider’s (EPP) claims related to CAEP’s standards.

50	0   0 Evidence Documents, testimony or objects that tend to prove or disprove the existence of an alleged fact.

51	0   0 Evidence Facts, figures, details, quotations, or other sources of data and information that provide support for claims or an analysis and that can be evaluated by others; should appear in a form and be derived [..]

52

0   0 Evidence facts, figures, details, quotations, or other sources of data and information that provide support for claims or an analysis and that can be evaluated by others; should appear in a form and be derived from a source widely accepted as appropriate to a particular discipline, as in details or quotations from a text in the study of literature and exper [..]

53	0   0 Evidence Facts, figures, details, quotations, or other sources of data and information that provide support for claims or an analysis and that can be evaluated by others; should appear in a form and be derived [..]

54	0   0 Evidence Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the outcome of a case.

55	0   0 Evidence Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case in favor of one side or the other.

56	0   0 Evidence What a witness says in court. Also items such as documents, photographs or clothes.

57	0   0 Evidence Testimony, records, documents, material objects, or other things presented at a trial to prove the existence or nonexistence of a fact.

58	0   0 Evidence solid reasons for believing that something has or hasn’t happened

59	0   0 Evidence Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.

60	0   0 Evidence Any proof legally presented at trial through witnesses, records, and/or exhibits.

61	0   0 Evidence   Any species of proof, or probative matter, legally presented at the trial of an issue, by the act of the parties and through the medium of witnesses,records, documents, exhibits, concrete objects, [..]

62	0   0 Evidence Testimony and exhibits introduced at a hearing or trial.

63	0   0 Evidence At a criminal trial or a proof in a civil proceedings, witnesses take the oath or affirm to tell the truth and given oral evidence in court in answer to questions . Sometimes written evidence (affidavit evidence) is allowed.

64	0   0 Evidence Legally relevant pieces of proof presented at the trial through witnesses

65	0   0 Evidence evidence is presented to the court to support a certain version of events. It can include physical items, testimony in court from witnesses and various documents

66	0   0 Evidence  Information presented in court to prove or disprove believed facts.

67	0   0 Evidence Information (documents or witnesses) used in court to prove something.

68	0   0 Evidence Testimony or documents used to persuade the judge or jury to decide the case in favor of one side or the other.

69	0   0 Evidence Every type of proof, including oral testimony of witnesses, documents, public records, objects, photographs, and depositions used to corroborate the statements made by the victim, the accused, or other witnesses, or to otherwise establish one’s case.

70	0   0 Evidence Data tending to support or prove a fact at issue in judicial proceedings.

71	0   0 Evidence Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. [..]

72	0   0 Evidence Any kind of matter, presented at trial through witnesses, records, or documents for the purpose of persuading the court or jury of the correctness of the contentions of the parties.

73	0   0 Evidence Evidence is material presented at a trial or hearing, either in testimony or as exhibits. Evidence is used to draw conclusions about relevant facts of the case.

74	0   0 Evidence Testimony of witnesses and exhibits that are offered as proof of a fact.

75	0   0 Evidence All the means by which a matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted for investigation, is established or disproved.

76

0   0 Evidence In a criminal legal case, evidence is any form of proof that is presented to the court to show the truth or falsity of a fact. Evidence must be relevant to the criminal case and the crime in question in order to be heard by the court. Competent evidence is the legal term for evidence which proves the matter in question. There are several forms of e [..]

77	0   0 Evidence The information given to the court. Witnesses give evidence by telling the people in the court what they know. Sometimes items such as clothing, photographs or letters are shown to the court as evidence.

78	0   0 Evidence Testimony and exhibits introduced at a hearing or a trial.

79	0   0 Evidence  information prsented in testimony, documents, physical objects used to prove or disprove facts relevant to a case

80	0   0 Evidence Any species of proof or probative matter, legally presented at the trial of an issue, by the act of the parties and through the medium of witnesses, records, documents, exhibits, concrete objects, for [..]

81	0   0 Evidence Testimony of a witness, an object or written documents submitted in court regarding the facts in a case.

82	0   0 Evidence Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. federal question:

83

0   0 Evidence Any species of proof, or probative matter, legally presented at the trial of an issue, by the act of the parties and through the medium of witnesses,records, documents, exhibits, concrete objects, for the purpose of inducing belief in the minds of the court or jury as to their contention.

84	0   0 Evidence n. every type of proof legally presented at trial (allowed by the judge) which is intended to convince the judge and/or jury of alleged facts material to the case. It can include oral testimony of wit [..]

85	0   0 Evidence Testimony, records, documents, material objects, or other things presented at a trial to prove the existence or nonexistence of a fact.

86	0   0 Evidence Testimony and exhibits introduced at a hearing or a trial.

87	0   0 Evidence Testimony or exhibits received by the court at any stage of court proceedings.

88	0   0 Evidence Any type of proof in a case, that shows or tends to show the truth or falseness of an allegation against the defendant.

89	0   0 Evidence Something (including testimony, documents and tangible objects) that tends to prove or disprove the existence of an alleged fact.

90	0   0 Evidence Any type of proof that is legally presented at trial through witnesses, records, and/or exhibits.

91	0   0 Evidence  Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case in favor of one side or the other.

92	0   0 Evidence A fact presented before the court that provides information about the crime, i.e., witnesses, weapon.

93	0   0 Evidence Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.

94	0   0 Evidence n. «evidence, indication,» s.v. evidence sb. OED. KEY: evidence@n

95	0   0 Evidence n 1 evydences 1

96	0   0 Evidence Evidence is information gathered to support a judgement of competence against the specifications of the relevant performance standards. Evidence can take many forms and be gathered from a number of so [..]

97	0   0 Evidence Information such as analyzed data, published research findings, results of evaluations, prior experience, expert opinions, any or all of which may be used to reach conclusions on which decisions are based.

98	0   0 Evidence  Refers to assessment. Evidence must be:

99	0   0 Evidence n. every type of proof legally presented at trial (allowed by the judge) which is intended to convince the judge and/or jury of alleged facts material to the case. It can include oral testimony of wit [..]

100	0   0 Evidence Records that show what has been achieved, when it was achieved, and by whom.

101	0   0 Evidence Facts or information which indicate that something is true or valid

102	0   0 Evidence Facts that prove a statement or a CLAIM. COURTS have special rules and standards as to what evidence can be used and what cannot. These rules are usually more restrictive than standards of proof used in other claims settlement methods,or in writing of history and similar studies.

103	0   0 Evidence Evidence is anything presented as proof of an assertion. Evidence may also refer to:

104	0   0 Evidence Evidence is anything presented as proof of an assertion. Evidence may also refer to:

105	0   0 Evidence «Evidence» is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the September 1946 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and reprinted in the collections I, Robot [..]

106	0   0 Evidence Evidence for a proposition is what supports this proposition. It is usually understood as an indication that the supported proposition is true. What role evidence plays and how it is conceived varies [..]

107	0   0 Evidence The law of evidence, also known as the rules of evidence, encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding. These rules determine what evidence must or [..]

108	0   0 Evidence The law of evidence, also known as the rules of evidence, encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding. These rules determine what evidence must or [..]

109	0   0 Evidence The Evidence (Proceedings in other Jurisdictions) Act 1975 (c.34) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the long title of which is «An Act to make new provision for enabling the High Cour [..]

110	0   0 Evidence Evidence in a policy debate competition (sometimes referred to as «cards») consists mainly of two parts. The citation contains all relevant reference information (that is, the author, date of publica [..]

111	0   0 Evidence Evidence in a policy debate competition (sometimes referred to as «cards») consists mainly of two parts. The citation contains all relevant reference information (that is, the author, date of publica [..]

112	0   0 Evidence Michael Taylor Perretta (born December 10, 1976), known professionally as Evidence, is an American rapper and record producer from Venice, Los Angeles, California. He is also a member of the group Dil [..]

113	0   0 Evidence «Evidence'» is a 1995 single by «Faith No More», taken from their fifth studio album, King for a Day… Fool for a Lifetime. Recorded in Bearsville Studios and produced by Andy Wallace, the song was b [..]

114	0   0 Evidence Evidence is the fourth album by Steve Lacy and was released on the New Jazz label in 1962. It features performances of four tunes written by Thelonious Monk and two from Duke Ellington by Lacy, Don Ch [..]

115	0   0 Evidence Evidence for a proposition is what supports this proposition. It is usually understood as an indication that the supported proposition is true. What role evidence plays and how it is conceived varies [..]

116	0   0 Evidence Michael Taylor Perretta (born December 10, 1976), known professionally as Evidence, is an American rapper and record producer from Venice, Los Angeles, California. He is also a member of the group Dil [..]

117	0   0 Evidence Evidence is a solo album by jazz pianist Mal Waldron recorded in Canada and released on the Canadian Dark Light Music label.

118	0   0 Evidence Evidence is a compilation album by Australian hard rock band The Angels, released in December 1994. It reached No. 30 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Two new singles were also released on the album.In addit [..]

119	0   0 Evidence Evidence is a 1915 silent film drama directed by and starring early film actor Edwin August and released by the World Film Company. It is lost film. Some or all of the film may have been shot in color [..]

120	0   0 Evidence Evidence is a 1929 Pre-Code crime drama film produced and distributed by the Warner Brothers. It is based on the 1914 Broadway play Evidence by J. duRocher MacPherson and L. duRocher MacPherson. This [..]

121	0   0 Evidence Evidence for a proposition is what supports this proposition. It is usually understood as an indication that the supported proposition is true. What role evidence plays and how it is conceived varies [..]

122	0   0 Evidence Evidence is the fifth studio album by South African rock band Prime Circle. It was released November 12, 2012. The album was licensed through EMI Music South Africa for that country. Internationally o [..]

123	0   0 Evidence Evidence is a 2012 American found footage horror film directed and edited by Howie Askins and produced and written by Ryan McCoy, who also stars in the movie. The film also stars Brett Rosenberg, Abig [..]

124	0   0 Evidence Evidence (announced as Puthumazhatthullikal) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by actor Raghavan, starring Shankar. The film is the remake of Tamil blockbuster Udhaya Geetham.

125	0   0 Evidence Evidence is a 2013 crime thriller film directed by Olatunde Osunsanmi and written by John Swetnam. The film stars Torrey DeVitto, Caitlin Stasey, Harry Lennix, Svetlana Metkina, Dale Dickey, Radha Mit [..]

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What do we mean by evidence?

A thing or set of things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment. noun

Something indicative; an indication or set of indications. noun

The means by which an allegation may be proven, such as oral testimony, documents, or physical objects. noun

The set of legal rules determining what testimony, documents, and objects may be admitted as proof in a trial. noun

To indicate clearly; exemplify or prove. transitive verb

(in evidence) Plainly visible; to be seen. idiom

(in evidence) As legal evidence. idiom

To make evident or clear; show clearly; prove.

To attest or support by evidence or testimony; witness.

The state of being evident, clear, or plain, and not liable to doubt or question; evidentness; clearness; plainness; certitude. See mediate and immediate evidence, etc., below. noun

The means by which the existence or non-existence or the truth or falsehood of an alleged fact is ascertained or made evident; testimony; witness; hence, more generally, the facts upon which reasoning from effect to cause is based; that which makes evident or plain; the experiential premises of a proof. noun

Specifically, in law: A deed; an instrument or document by which a fact is made evident: as, evidences of title (that is, title-deeds); evidences of debt (that is, written obligations to pay money). noun

One who supplies testimony or proof; a witness: now used chiefly in the phrase “turning state’s (or queen’s) evidence.” noun

Information, whether consisting of the testimony of witnesses or the contents of documents, or derived from inspection of objects, which tends, or is presented as tending, to make clear the fact in question in a legal investigation or trial; testimony: as, he offered evidence of good character. noun

In a more restricted sense, that part of such information or testimony which is properly receivable or has actually been received by the court on the trial of an issue: sometimes more specifically characterized as judicial evidence: as, that is not evidence, my lord; the age of the accused is not in evidence. In this latter sense sometimes, especially in equity practice, spoken of as the proofs. noun

The rules by which the reception of testimony is regulated in courts of justice: as, a treatise on evidence; professor of pleading and evidence. noun

Plainly visible; conspicuous: a recent phraseadopted from the French en evidence. noun

Testimony to having witnessed an act or event, as distinguished from negative evidence, or the testimony of a witness who was present and observant, that such act or event did not take place. As between equally credible witnesses, positive testimony is entitled to more weight than negative, because it may be that one witness, though present, did not see or hear that which another witness did. noun

Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.

Anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial.

One who bears witness.

A body of objectively verifiable facts that are positively indicative of, and/or exclusively concordant with, that one conclusion over any other.

Liquor(the term is incroporated into a suggestion that the evidence can be destroyed by drinking it) Urban Dictionary

A wad of toilet paper or tissues drenched with semen. Usually destined to be flushed down the toilet. Urban Dictionary

Something creationism does not have. Urban Dictionary

The body you are trying to hide in your backyard. Urban Dictionary

Adjective, Evidently Vivid Urban Dictionary

An idiot’s word of choice to begin their sentence with, especially after some heavy thinking (which they struggle with) has led them to come to a conclusion. Urban Dictionary

People who are named Evidence are one of the best people to have in your life. He is well known in school and everyone doesn’t mind him at all and he is calm with most people. He can always put a smile on those who are upset or depressed. He is also quite handsome and quite tall and has an average size. He is kind, gentle, funny, caring and also straightforward. If your upset or depressed, he is definitely someone you can trust. When you tell him your problems he will find a way to support you and bring you back up even if he doesn’t know what to say, he will always say something that will put a smile on your face. He is always positive and rarely negative. Always happy but when he isn’t in a good mood it better if you leave him alone unless you’re a really close friend that he trusts.
He loves his friends but mostly loves his family more and puts them first. He can easily make a friend when he wants to. He loves to hang out with his friends and they always tend to have a good day when he is around.
The type of girls he likes are mostly black or light skin girls with a big back and chest but he mainly loves any girl with a good personality, good looks, and freakiness. If he sees a girl he likes, he will try his best to move to them but he mostly prefers to be friends with them. He is cool with most girls in his school and he isn’t like other guys who freak out when girls hold their arm or lay on their lap. Urban Dictionary

Evident is a hive YouTuber/streamer, best known for his rather bad traps and excessive screaming and overreactions.
He got famous on hive by trapping people better at pvp then him and posting it on YouTube. Urban Dictionary

A rapper in the group dilated peoples Urban Dictionary

Black but athletic man will be in the NBA, impossible to stop Urban Dictionary

• Defenition of the word evidence

  • Something that establishes the truth of a proposition or a fact.
  • A perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent, as a visible clue that something has happened.
  • provide evidence for; stand as proof of; «His high fever attested to his illness»; «The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication»
  • an indication that makes something evident; «his trembling was evidence of his fear»
  • (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
  • your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; «the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling»
  • reveal; «a telling sign»
  • provide evidence for; «The blood test showed that he was the father»; «Her behavior testified to her incompetence»
  • provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one»s behavior, attitude, or external attributes; «His high fever attested to his illness»; «The buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication»; «This decision demonstrates his se
  • give evidence; «he was telling on all his former colleague»
  • your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief
  • an indication that makes something evident
  • provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one’s behavior, attitude, or external attributes
  • give evidence
  • provide evidence for

Synonyms for the word evidence

• • ascertain
  • attest
  • bear witness
  • certify
  • clearness
  • confirmation
  • corroborate
  • data
  • demonstrate
  • evidentness
  • evince
  • facts
  • grounds
  • indication
  • make clear
  • manifest
  • mark
  • proof
  • prove
  • show
  • sign
  • signal
  • substantiate
  • substantiation
  • suggestion
  • support
  • tell
  • testify
  • testimony
  • verification
  • verify

Similar words in the evidence

• • discern
  • distinguish
  • evidence
  • evidence’s
  • evidenced
  • evidences
  • make out
  • pick out
  • recognize
  • tell apart

Hyponyms for the word evidence

• • abduce
  • adduce
  • argument
  • attest
  • attestation
  • authenticate
  • certify
  • circumstantial evidence
  • cite
  • clew
  • clue
  • cogent evidence
  • condemn
  • corpus delicti
  • corroborating evidence
  • cue
  • demonstrate
  • direct evidence
  • disproof
  • evidence
  • exhibit
  • falsification
  • footprint evidence
  • hearsay evidence
  • identification
  • indirect evidence
  • lead
  • manifest
  • notarise
  • notarize
  • presume
  • probable cause
  • proof
  • record
  • reflect
  • refutation
  • sign
  • smoking gun
  • state’s evidence
  • statement
  • symptom
  • testimonial
  • testimony
  • track
  • trail

Hypernyms for the word evidence

• • bear witness
  • confirm
  • evidence
  • indicant
  • indication
  • info
  • inform
  • information
  • prove
  • reassert
  • show
  • testify

Idioms for the word evidence

• • evidence by affidavit
  • evidence by party
  • evidence in court
  • evidence insanity
  • evidence of accomplices
  • evidence of arrest
  • evidence of confession
  • evidence of credibility
  • evidence of crime
  • evidence of guilt
  • evidence viva voce

See other words

• • What is ewe
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  • Synonym for the word fathom
  • Antonyms for the word fatigue
  • Homonyms for the word exigency
  • Hyponyms for the word existence
  • Holonyms for the word exocarp
  • Hypernyms for the word exodontia
  • Proverbs and sayings for the word exonym
  • Translation of the word in other languages faucet