The word company meaning

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as:

• voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations
• business entities, whose aim is generating profit
• financial entities and banks
• programs or educational institutions

A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be liquidated to avoid further legal obligations.

Companies may associate and collectively register themselves as new companies; the resulting entities are often known as corporate groups.

Meanings and definitions[edit]

A company can be defined as an «artificial person», invisible, intangible, created by or under law,^[1] with a discrete legal personality, perpetual succession, and a common seal. Except for some senior positions, companies remain unaffected by the death, insanity, or insolvency of an individual member.

Etymology[edit]

The English word, company, has its origins in the Old French term compagnie (first recorded in 1150), meaning a «society, friendship, intimacy; body of soldiers»,^[2] which came from the Late Latin word companio («one who eats bread with you»), first attested in the Salic law (c. AD 500) as a calque of the Germanic expression gahlaibo (literally, «with bread»), related to Old High German galeipo («companion») and to Gothic gahlaiba («messmate»).

Semantics and usage[edit]

By 1303, the word company referred to trade guilds.^[3] Usage of the term company to mean «business association» was first recorded in 1553,^[4]
and the abbreviation «co.» dates from 1769.^[5][6]

Companies around the world[edit]

China[edit]

In China, companies are often government run or government supported. Other companies may be foreign companies or export-based corporations. However, many of these companies are government regulated.^{[citation needed]}

United Kingdom[edit]

In English law and in legal jurisdictions based upon it, a company is a body corporate or corporation company registered under the Companies Acts or under similar legislation.^[7] Common forms include:

• Private companies limited by guarantee
• Community interest company
• Charitable incorporated organisation
• Private companies limited by shares — the most common form of company
• Public limited companies — companies, usually large, which are permitted to (but do not have to) offer their shares to the public, for example on a stock exchange

In the United Kingdom, a partnership is not legally a company, but may sometimes be referred to (informally) as a «company». It may be referred to as a «firm».

United States[edit]

In the United States, a company is not necessarily a corporation. For example, a company may be a «corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, fund, or organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, and (in an official capacity) any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, or similar official, or liquidating agent, for any of the foregoing».^[8][9]

Types[edit]

• A company limited by guarantee (CLG): Commonly used where companies are formed for non-commercial purposes, such as clubs or charities. The members guarantee the payment of certain (usually nominal) amounts if the company goes into insolvent liquidation, but otherwise, they have no economic rights in relation to the company. This type of company is common in England. A company limited by guarantee may be with or without having share capital.
• A company limited by shares: The most common form of the company used for business ventures. Specifically, a limited company is a «company in which the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount individually invested» with corporations being «the most common example of a limited company».^[9] This type of company is common in England and many English-speaking countries. A company limited by shares may be a publicly traded company or a privately held company.
• A company limited by guarantee with a share capital: A hybrid entity, usually used where the company is formed for non-commercial purposes, but the activities of the company are partly funded by investors who expect a return. This type of company may no longer be formed in the UK, although provisions still exist in law for them to exist.^[7]
• A limited liability company: «A company—statutorily authorized in certain states—that is characterized by limited liability, management by members or managers, and limitations on ownership transfer», i.e., L.L.C.^[9] LLC structure has been called «hybrid» in that it «combines the characteristics of a corporation and of a partnership or sole proprietorship». Like a corporation, it has limited liability for members of the company, and like a partnership it has «flow-through taxation to the members» and must be «dissolved upon the death or bankruptcy of a member».^[10]
• An unlimited company with or without a share capital: A hybrid entity, a company where the liability of members or shareholders for the debts (if any) of the company are not limited. In this case, the doctrine of a veil of incorporation does not apply.^{[citation needed]}

Less common types of companies are:

• Companies formed by letters patent: Most corporations by letters patent are corporations sole and not companies as the term is commonly understood today.
• Royal charter corporations: In middle-ages Europe, before the passing of modern companies legislation, these were the only types of companies.^{[citation needed]} Now they are relatively rare, except for very old companies that still survive (particularly many British banks), or modern societies that fulfill a quasi-regulatory function (for example, the Bank of England is a corporation formed by a modern charter).
• Statutory companies: Relatively rare today, certain companies have been formed by a private statute passed in the relevant jurisdiction.

When «Ltd» is placed after the company’s name, it signifies a limited company, and «PLC» (public limited company) indicates that its shares are widely held.^[11]

In the legal context, the owners of a company are normally referred to as the «members». In a company limited or unlimited by shares (formed or incorporated with a share capital), this will be the shareholders. In a company limited by guarantee, this will be the guarantors. Some offshore jurisdictions have created special forms of offshore company in a bid to attract business for their jurisdictions. Examples include segregated portfolio companies and restricted purpose companies.

However, there are many sub-categories of company types that can be formed in various jurisdictions in the world.

Companies are also sometimes distinguished for legal and regulatory purposes between public companies and private companies. Public companies are companies whose shares can be publicly traded, often (although not always) on a stock exchange which imposes listing requirements/Listing Rules as to the issued shares, the trading of shares and future issue of shares to help bolster the reputation of the exchange or particular market of an exchange. Private companies do not have publicly traded shares, and often contain restrictions on transfers of shares. In some jurisdictions, private companies have maximum numbers of shareholders.

A parent company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors; the second company being deemed a subsidiary of the parent company. The definition of a parent company differs by jurisdiction, with the definition normally being defined by way of laws dealing with companies in that jurisdiction.

See also[edit]

• Corporate personhood
• List of company registers
• List of largest employers
• Lists of companies
• Stewardship
• Types of business entity

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Alan Dignam and John Lowry. Company Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. ISBN 978-0-19-928936-3.
• John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, The Company: A Short History of a Revolutionary Idea. New York: Modern Library, 2003.
• «Company» . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 795–803.

External links[edit]

• «Labor and Employment». Government Information Library. University of Colorado at Boulder. Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
• «Get Information About a Company». Gov.UK.

компания, фирма, общество, рота, труппа, фирменный, ротный

существительное ↓

глагол

- редк. общаться, быть в компании
- арх. сопровождать, конвоировать

Словосочетания

a profit booster for the company — средство увеличения прибыли для компании  
a subsidiary of a US company — дочернее предприятие американской компании.  
a stake in the company’s future — финансовая заинтересованность в будущем компании  
a banner year for the company — особенно успешный год для этой компании  
to take charge of a company — возглавить компанию  
airborne signal company — авиарота связи  
dance company — танцевальный ансамбль  
daughter company — дочерняя компания  
very dubious company — очень подозрительная компания  
to make an offer for a company — предложить цену за компанию  
pharmaceutical company — фармацевтическая компания  
company’s product — продукция компании, товары компании  

Примеры с переводом

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

Возможные однокоренные слова

carriage-company  — избранное общество
companion  — компаньон, спутник, товарищ, сопровождать, парный
accompany  — сопровождать, сопутствовать, аккомпанировать
fire-company  — общество страхования от огня,
sub-company  — дочерняя компания, дочерняя или подконтрольная компания, подконтрольная компания

Формы слова

noun
ед. ч.(singular): company
мн. ч.(plural): companies

Worse, the apparently universal belief is that it is better to be scratchily out of sorts, or actually engaged in bitter hostilities, in some physical company at christmas, *irrespective of whether one has positively chosen or been chosen by that company* than either alone, or in chosen virtual company. ❋ Elizabeth McClung (2009)

And Mix’s simplistic notion that the company owner doesn’t buy the power equipment but just pockets the money misses that the way for the owner to make more money is to invest in the tools to make his or her employees more effective and so be able as a *company* compete for larger, more lucrative contracts. ❋ Ann Althouse (2008)

And the movie made Bevan ‘and Sarah Radclyffe’s company Working Title, which went on to become the major english independent producing company_______________________ New York, NY: I loved Saeed Jaffrey. ❋ Unknown (2007)

Mrs. Panton is a huge, protuberant woman, with a full-blown face, a bay wig, and artificial flowers; talking in an affected little voice, when she is in company, and when she has on her _company clothes and manners_; but bawling loud, in a vulgarly broad cockney dialect, when she is at her ease in her own house. ❋ Maria Edgeworth (1808)

ALL, which sets the @company parameter to NULL and return results from the query as if there was no company filter. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Burbage for a term of years which ended in about 1589_; that his work with Burbage from the time he entered his service was of a general nature, and more of a literary and dramatic than of an histrionic character, though it undoubtedly partook of both; that he worked in conjunction with both Richard Burbage and Edward Alleyn from the time he came to London in 1586-87 until 1591; that neither he nor Burbage were connected with the Queen’s company, nor with the Curtain Theatre, during these years, _and that the ownership by the Burbage organisation of a number of old Queen’s plays resulted from their absorption of Queen’s men in 1591, when Pembroke’s company was formed, and not from the supposed fact that James Burbage was at any time a member or the manager of the Queen’s company_; that Robert Greene’s attack upon Shakespeare as ❋ Arthur Acheson (1897)

: company def where_do_i_live company. address end end describe Pen do before (: each) do @company ❋ Unknown (2008)

UpdateCommand = «UPDATE prospects SET salespn = @salespn, class = @class, updated = GetDate (), company = @company, contact = @contact, title = @title, street = @street, city = @city, state ❋ Unknown (2010)

Today, everything must be under consideration after the company issued a formal warning that revenues would fall below expectations because «slower than expected consumer adoption of the company� ❋ Unknown (2010)

Information Week Sept 2007) Kurt Woetzel, Bank of New York Mellon’s chief information officer, said the New York company is «leveraging the human capital of the company» while in the midst of a massive organizational change, just four months after Bank of New York Co. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Whether the title company will be allergic to paying a claim arising under insured title, is a conversation for another time. ❋ Ron Gitter (2011)

It is essential, therefore, that the title company prepare an estimated title bill as soon as the title order is placed, so that the buyer has sufficient time to adjust his or her expectations of the funds needed for closing. ❋ Ron Gitter (2011)

I have been unemployed since December 31 2008, the title company I was working for filed bankrupt out of no fault of my own I was laid-off. ❋ Michael Thornton (2011)

The train company is seeing to it that the Norwich — London link is a third rate service. ❋ Norfolk Blogger (2009)

«In recording gaps like that, often times a title company will record a loan and not know about the former mortgage,» Ms. Dollar said, because it won’t show on the title report yet. ❋ Stephanie Gleason (2011)

An example: «You refinance your mortgage, the refinance closes, you go on your way and make payments to the mortgage company, but your title company hasn’t remitted payoffs to the old company.» ❋ Amy Hoak (2011)

If the title company fails to discover a valid lien against the property and insures the title free of such encumbrance, the buyer would be protected down the road against a claim made by the party asserting an interest in the real estate. ❋ Ron Gitter (2011)

company [came] over for [the bed] [warming] party ❋ Strangler (2003)

[Cool Girl]#1: Yo, let’s have an end-of-summer party.
Cool Dude#1: Great idea. Let’s be sure to email lots of people.
Cool Girl #1: Yeah…I’ll invite Cool Girl #2, Cool Guy #2, Cool Girl #3, Cool Guy #4…and company.
Cool Dude #1: Nice but I hope they don’t bring the any [fobs], [momo’s] or chicken wings. ❋ RJB! (2009)

The Company needs to take charge of the [war on terrorism] and [obliterate] [the enemy]. ❋ John Foster (2005)

2 [members] of a [carpool] and good [company]. ❋ 486207222 (2011)

Company: family, husband, wife, [significant other], children, [cousins], aunts and [uncles] ❋ PinkBathatique (2015)

[Neal] had [company] over lastnight and almost broke the [headboard]!! ❋ Lindsay (2003)

«I don’t [think you] should work there as I heard ‘fake [company] name’ is a [black company]. you should work at ‘super fake company‘ instead» ❋ Grass_head (2021)

Example #1: Dude, you smell like a [stink wrinkle]. Please go [Fean] wash before we go out!
Example #2: Hey man, your lips look like a dead Tortoises’ asshole. You need some [Fean and company] lip Balm bad! ❋ NeverWrong23 (2009)

Can you believe I’m [paid] 50 [bucks] an hour to post shit in [the Urban Dictionary] during company time? ❋ Lord Cthulhu (2003)

Guy 1: Wow, isn’t [that thing] [epic]?
Guy 2: «Meme Companies!»
Guy 1: [Exactly], it is very epic. ❋ Imagineer (2020)