The word app is an abbreviation for software apply

Упражнение на лексическое преобразование слов. Рекомендуем всем, кто готовится к сдачи ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

ЗаданиеОтвет

Apps

Apps are those little computer programs we use on our mobile phones and other small devices. The word app’ is an abbreviation for software ( APPLY ).

Apps have been very popular since the rise of smartphones. There are apps for banking transactions, weather forecasts, video games, maps, calendars and other forms of data ( MANAGE ).

Many apps are available free of charge, or are at least ( EXPENSIVE ). Some apps with more sophisticated features can cost quite a bit of money, however.

An estimated 102 billion apps were downloaded in 2013, proving that the general public’s ( REACT ) to apps has been positive.

Some apps are quite amazing, such as one that can tell you what song is playing in a restaurant or cafe. Others are ( POSITIVE ) strange – there’s an app that makes a whistling sound that only a dog can hear!

When a software company releases a new app, it’s often a ( MASS ) event. Celebrities make appearances and loads of fans queue up to get a glimpse of them, and perhaps check out the app, too.

Apps

Apps are those little computer programs we use on our mobile phones and other small devices. The word app’ is an abbreviation for software APPLICATION.

Apps have been very popular since the rise of smartphones. There are apps for banking transactions, weather forecasts, video games, maps, calendars and other forms of data MANAGEMENT.

Many apps are available free of charge, or are at least INEXPENSIVE. Some apps with more sophisticated features can cost quite a bit of money, however.

An estimated 102 billion apps were downloaded in 2013, proving that the general public’s REACTION to apps has been positive.

Some apps are quite amazing, such as one that can tell you what song is playing in a restaurant or cafe. Others are POSITIVELY strange – there’s an app that makes a whistling sound that only a dog can hear!

When a software company releases a new app, it’s often a MASSIVE event. Celebrities make appearances and loads of fans queue up to get a glimpse of them, and perhaps check out the app, too.

Задание №5379.
Грамматика и лексика. ЕГЭ по английскому

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

Apps

Apps are those little computer programs we use on our mobile phones and other small devices. The word ‘app’ is an abbreviation for software ___ (APPLY).

Решение:

Apps

Apps are those little computer programs we use on our mobile phones and other small devices. The word ‘app’ is an abbreviation for software APPLICATION.

Приложения

Приложения — это небольшие компьютерные программы, которые мы используем на наших мобильных телефонах и других небольших устройствах. Слово «приложение» — это сокращение от программного приложения.

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Источник: Тесты для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку, 2019. Вербицкая М., Манн М., Тейлор-Ноулз С.

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2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A The Armoury is situated near the Kremlin.

B Originally the Kremlin was wooden.

C New walls and towers of red brick were built in the 15th century.

D The Trinity Gate leads to Red Square.

E The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the oldest in Moscow.

F The monument to Alexander Pushkin is not far from the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky.

G You can watch ballets in the Maly Theatre.

Вы услышите интервью с автором детективных романов. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3

Which benefit of trees has not been mentioned by the speaker?
1) Protection from flooding.
2) Protection from the sun’s rays.
3) Protection from precipitation.
Ответ: .

4

The smell of pines in the forest is the result of trees releasing

Ответ: .

5

Scientists want to study how
1) gasses are released by trees into the atmosphere.
2) organic compounds form tiny particles.
3) these particles influence the climate.
Ответ: .

6

Cloud droplets are unable to

Ответ: .

7

According to scientists, cloud droplets influence

3) the movement of the cloud.

Ответ: .

8

The actual formation of the clouds is governed
1) only by the formation of cloud droplets.
2) primarily by the formation of cloud droplets.
3) by several different processes.
Ответ: .

9

A new way of addressing the problem of global warming is by reducing the amount of
1) greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.
2) the sun’s radiation getting through the atmosphere.
3) the sun’s radiation reflected by the clouds.
Ответ: .

Раздел 2. ЧТЕНИЕ

10

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

A. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world’s largest telescope and it is taking scientists further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine, giving astronomers detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos. One day, we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.

B. The latest development in the debate amongst scientists about what killed the prehistoric dinosaurs is the suggestion that acid rain was the cause. Some geologists suggest that a large meteor hitting the earth at 65 kilometres per second would have led to strongly acidic rain falling all over the world. This idea is fascinating but it would mean the dinosaurs would all have died within a very short time.

C. In 1948, a British farmer discovered an interesting lump of metal while ploughing his field. At first he thought the metal bits were parts of an old bed. Then more ‘parts of old beds’ turned up and the farmer took them to the local museum. ‘But these bits are priceless!’ exclaimed the keeper of the museum. ‘They are Iron Age jewellery and coins!’ Over the next 40 years, more and more items were found in the same field.

D. Rats may have had a bit of a hard time over the years but these days lots of people are forgetting about guinea-pigs and hamsters and are buying rats instead. Domestic rats aren’t the same as the ones that run around rubbish bins — they’re actually quite cute. They are very intelligent and can be trained like dogs. They come in different colours and — a big bonus — they will eat anything!

E. In Western cultures, people look each other in the eye during a conversation to show interest and trust, but in many Asian countries, it’s rude to look people in the eye, especially a superior such as a teacher. One of the most basic and powerful signals is when a person crosses his or her arms across the chest. This can indicate that a person is putting up an unconscious barrier between themselves and others.

F. Earthquakes happen all the time in all parts of the world but we don’t notice most of them because they are small. However, big earthquakes are really dangerous. They can make buildings fall down, set off landslides and do other deadly things. The highest death toll caused by an earthquake was in China in 1556, when at least 830,000 people died.

G. According to scientists, Americans watch more TV on average than any other nationality. In fact, many people, particularly children, sit for 35 hours or more per week glued to the box. What’s wrong with watching all that TV? Studies have linked it to everything from obesity to aggression in children not to mention that it puts your mind into a sort of sedated state. Habitual television watching, over long periods of time, has been known to cause depression, and anger.

11

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is awarded every year for the best original full-length novel written by a writer from the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland. It aims to represent the greatest in contemporary literature and promotes the finest in fiction by rewarding the best book of the year. The prize was originally called the Booker-McConnell Prize, A ____________. However, it was better-known as simply the ‘Booker Prize’. In 2002, the Man Group became the sponsor and they chose the new name, keeping ‘Booker’.

Publishers can submit books for consideration for the prize, but the judges can also ask for books to be submitted B ____________. Firstly, the Advisory Committee gives advice if there have been any changes to the rules for the prize. Then it selects the people C ____________. The judging panel changes every year and usually a person is only a judge once.

Great efforts are made to ensure that the judging panel is balanced in terms of gender and professions within the industry. A writer, a critic, an editor and an academic are chosen along with a well-known person from wider society. However, when the panel of judges has been finalized, they are left to make their own decisions D ____________. The Man Booker judges include critics, writers and academics E ____________. The influence of the prize is so great that the winner will almost certainly see the considerable sales increase, in addition to the £50,000 F ____________. In 1992, a Booker Russian Novel Prize was introduced.

1. without any further interference from the prize sponsor
2. so as to maintain the consistent quality of the prize
3. who will judge the books
4. so as to sell them
5. which was the name of the company that sponsored it
6. that comes with the prize
7. they think should be included

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

‘Have you written a letter to the Froplinsons?’ asked Egbert.

‘No,’ said Janetta, with a note of tired defiance in her voice; ‘I’ve written eleven letters today expressing surprise and gratitude for sundry unmerited gifts, but I haven’t written to the Froplinsons yet.’

‘Someone will have to do it,’ said Egbert.

‘I don’t dispute the necessity, but I don’t think that someone should be me,’ said Janetta. ‘I wouldn’t mind writing a letter of angry recrimination or heartless satire to some suitable recipient. In fact, I should rather enjoy it, but I’ve come to the end of my capacity for expressing servile amiability. Eleven letters today and nine yesterday, all couched in the same strain of ecstatic thankfulness: really, you can’t expect me to sit down to another. There is such a thing as writing oneself out.’

‘I’ve written nearly as many,’ said Egbert, ‘and I’ve had my usual business correspondence to get through, too. Besides, I don’t know what it was that the Froplinsons sent us.’ ‘A William the Conqueror calendar,’ said Janetta, ‘with a quotation of one of his great thoughts for every day in the year.’

‘Impossible,’ said Egbert; ‘he didn’t have three hundred and sixty-five thoughts in the whole of his life, or, if he did, he kept them to himself.’

‘Well, it was William Wordsworth, then,’ said Janetta; ‘I know William came into it somewhere.’

‘That sounds more probable,’ said Egbert; ‘well, let’s collaborate on this letter and get it done. I’ll dictate, and you can scribble it down. ‘Dear Mrs. Froplinson, thank you and your husband so much for the very pretty calendar you sent us. It was very good of you to think of us.’ ’

‘You can’t possibly say that,’ said Janetta, laying down her pen. ‘We sent them something on the twenty-second,’ said Janetta, ‘so they simply had to think of us. There was no getting away from it.’

‘What did we send them?’ asked Egbert gloomily.

‘Bridge-markers,’ said Janetta, ‘in a cardboard case, with some inanity about ‘digging for fortune with a royal spade’ emblazoned on the cover. The moment I saw it in the shop I said to myself ‘Froplinsons’ and to the attendant ‘How much?’ When he said ‘Ninepence,’ I gave him their address, jabbed our card in, paid tenpence or elevenpence to cover the postage, and thanked heaven. With less sincerity and infinitely more trouble they eventually thanked me.’

‘The Froplinsons don’t play bridge,’ said Egbert.

‘One is not supposed to notice social deformities of that sort,’ said Janetta; ‘it wouldn’t be polite. Besides, what trouble did they take to find out whether we read Wordsworth with gladness? For all they knew or cared we might be frantically embedded in the belief that all poetry begins and ends with John Masefield, and it might infuriate or depress us to have a daily sample of Wordsworthian products flung at us.’

‘Well, let’s get on with the letter,’ said Egbert. ‘How clever of you to guess that Wordsworth is our favourite poet.’

Again Janetta laid down her pen.

‘Do you realise what that means?’ she asked; ‘a Wordsworth booklet next Christmas, and another calendar the Christmas after, with the same problem of having to write suitable letters of thankfulness. No, the best thing to do is to drop all further allusion to the calendar and switch off on to some other topic.’

‘But what other topic?’

‘Oh, something like this: ‘What do you think of the New Year Honours List? A friend of ours made such a clever remark when he read it.’ Then you can stick in any remark that comes into your head; it needn’t be clever. The Froplinsons won’t know whether it is or isn’t.’

‘We don’t even know on which side they are in politics,’ objected Egbert; ‘and anyhow you can’t suddenly dismiss the subject of the calendar. Surely there must be some intelligent remark that can be made about it.’

‘Well, we can’t think of one,’ said Janetta wearily; ‘the fact is, we’ve both written ourselves out.’

There was a long silence, the forlorn silence of those who are bereft of hope and have almost ceased to care. Then Egbert started from his seat with an air of resolution. The light of battle was in his eyes.

‘Let me come to the writing-table,’ he exclaimed; ‘I’m going to write to the editor of every enlightened and influential newspaper in the Kingdom, I’m going to suggest that there should be a sort of epistolary Truce of God during the festivities of Christmas and New Year. From the twenty-fourth of December to the third or fourth of January it shall be considered an offence against good sense and good feeling to write or expect any letter or communication that does not deal with the necessary events of the moment. Answers to invitations, arrangements about trains, renewal of club subscriptions, and, of course, all the ordinary everyday affairs of business, sickness, engaging new cooks, and so forth, these will be dealt with in the usual manner as something inevitable. But all the devastating accretions of correspondence, incident to the festive season, these should be swept away to give the season a chance of being really festive.’

‘But you would have to make some acknowledgment of presents received,’ objected Janetta; ‘otherwise people would never know whether they had arrived safely.’

‘Of course, I have thought of that,’ said Egbert; ‘every present that was sent off would be accompanied by a ticket bearing the date of dispatch and the signature of the sender, and some conventional hieroglyphic to show that it was intended to be a Christmas or New Year gift; there would be a counterfoil with space for the recipient’s name and the date of arrival, and all you would have to do would be to sign and date the counterfoil, add a conventional hieroglyphic indicating heartfelt thanks and gratified surprise, put the thing into an envelope and post it.’

‘It sounds delightfully simple,’ said Janetta wistfully, ‘but people would consider it too perfunctory.’

‘It is not a bit more perfunctory than the present system,’ said Egbert; ‘I have only the same conventional language of gratitude at my disposal with which to thank dear old Colonel Chuttle for his perfectly delicious Stilton, which we shall devour to the last morsel, and the Froplinsons for their calendar, which we shall never look at. So you see the present system of acknowledgment is just as perfunctory and conventional as the counterfoil business would be, only ten times more tiresome and brain-racking.’

‘Your plan would certainly bring the idea of a Happy Christmas a step nearer realisation,’ said Janetta. ‘Meanwhile, what am I to say to the Froplinsons?’

(Adapted from ‘Down Pens’ by H. H. Munro)

12

Egbert and Janetta were writing

Ответ: .

13

Egbert and Janetta didn’t want to write a letter to the Froplinsons because they
1) had both written themselves out.
2) didn’t like this couple.
3) didn’t know what the Froplinsons had sent them.
4) had a lot of work to do.
Ответ: .

14

Janetta liked her present to the Froplinsons because it was

Ответ: .

15

Janetta didn’t want to mention that Wordsworth was their favourite poet because
1) she actually didn’t like his poems.
2) her favourite poet was John Masefield.
3) the Froplinsons would send them new Wordsworth-related presents.
4) she didn’t want the Froplinsons to know the truth.
Ответ: .

16

Janetta considered the Froplisons to be

Ответ: .

17

Egbert suggested that at Christmas people should
1) stop writing letters at all.
2) put off all the everyday affairs of business.
3) not make any acknowledgment of received presents.
4) send counterfoils instead of thank-you letters.
Ответ: .

18

Janetta considered a new system

Ответ: .

Раздел 3. ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—25.

Обратите внимание, что по правилам ЕГЭ ответы нужно писать без пробелов и других знаков, например, правильный ответ ‘have done’ нужно будет записать как ‘havedone’, иначе ваш ответ не засчитается.

Swimming Pools

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26—31, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26—31.

Waste Management

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32—38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32—38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Globalization and Communication Growth

The 21st century has 32____ in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in ‘One World.’ Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the 33____ of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.

Globalization, as a general term, is best understood as the spread of ideas about the environment, democracy, human rights, and less complicated issues like fashion and fads. Global exchange is now taking place as the market of ideas, culture, and beliefs expand through the use of technology. The nature of business and how it is done has also improved by 34____ and bounds because of globalization.

An example of the remarkable effects of globalization is the invention of the telephone and the television. Television has enabled young people and adults to have the ability to share cultural and ethnic experiences with others. Telephones have also greatly improved communication. Gone are the weeks and even months of waiting for a letter. Anybody can talk to anyone who has another phone 35____ of distance or location on the planet. With the aid of satellites, 3rd generation phones allow us to make a phone call, send a video, or even receive an e-mail. These 36____ in communication have revolutionized business, commerce, and even the personal lives and relationships of millions of people.

Because of the electronic media, vast amounts of important information can reach any parts of the globe in 37____ time. Business establishments, whether big or small, are using the Internet in many ways to build or expand their company’s growth. With the ever improving technology come new markets, high 38____ for products, and also greater competition. Making investments in information and communication technology is now a must for any business enterprise.

32

Ответ: .

33

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34

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35

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36

Ответ: .

37

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38

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Ваш результат: пока 0.

Apps

26. Apps are those little computer programs we use on our mobile phones and other small devices. The word “ app” is an abbreviation for software application.

27. Apps have been very popular since the rise of smartphones. There are apps for banking transaction, weather forecasts, video games, maps, calendars and other forms of data management.

28. Many apps are available free of charge or are at least expensive. Some apps with more sophisticated features can cost quite a bit of money, however.  

29. An estimated 102 billion apps were downloaded in 2013, proving that the general public’s reaction to apps has been positive.

30. Some apps are quite amazing, such as that can tell you what song is playing in a restaurant or cafe. Others are positively strange – there’s an app that makes a whistling sound that only a dog can hear!

31. When a software company releases a new app, its often a massive event. Celebrities make appearances and loads of fans queue up to get a glimpse of them, and perhaps check out the app.  

Предложения:
app

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Предложения

There will be no ‘killer app’ for Blockchain technology.

Во-первых, не будет никакого «убийственного приложения» для технологии «blockchain».

If components need to be replaced, they can be selected directly in the app ‘on site’.

Если компоненты необходимо заменить, их можно найти и выбрать непосредственно в приложении.

About 270,000 people downloaded the ‘app’ and shared their personal information.

Около 270000 человек загрузили приложение и поделились своими личными данными.

The word app’ is an abbreviation for software (APPLY).

Слово арр ‘— это аббревиатура для программного обеспечения (APPLY).

It is worth mentioning that G-Suite doesn’t really serve as an ‘app’ solution.

Стоит отметить, что G-Suite на самом деле не служит решением для приложений.

Threats to block messaging app ‘won’t bear fruit’, says founder

«Угрозы заблокировать Telegram… не принесут плодов», — убежден предприниматель.

The 1980 Atari 2600 version quadrupled the system’s sales and became the first ‘killer app’ for video game consoles.

Версия для Atari 2600 увеличила продажи консоли в четыре раза и стала первой killer app в истории видеоигр.

WeChat is a Chinese multi-purpose ‘super app’ combining messaging, social media, appointment-booking and mobile payments, among other features.

WeChat является китайским многоцелевым ‘супер-приложением’, сочетающим обмен сообщениями, социальную сеть, встречу, бронирование и мобильные платежи среди других функций.

Kakao is one of the largest internet companies in South Korea and is actively working on a ‘killer app’ built on the blockchain.

Какао — одна из крупнейших интернет-компаний в Южной Корее, которая активно работает над «убийственным приложением», построенным на блокчейне.

The adoption rate will swell and deflate with every incremental update or ‘killer app’ until the promise of a virtual world isn’t all that exciting anymore.

Уровень принятия будет расти и падать с каждым постепенным обновлением или «убийственным приложением», пока обещание виртуального мира больше не будет таким уж захватывающим.

Another problem with innovation is that many business people are obsessed with ‘the big idea’, they want ‘game changers’ and are constantly poring over customer data to try to come up with the ‘killer app’.

Другая проблема с инновациями состоит в том, что многие бизнесмены одержимы грандиозными идеями: они хотят сразу изменить все и пристально изучают информацию о клиентах, пытаясь непременно выйти к ним с «убийственным предложением».

However, the signature feature of this design trend is their lack of a scrollbar: in other words, these websites almost always take a ‘single-page app’ approach to their UI.

Тем не менее, особенность этого тренда в дизайне — отсутствие полосы прокрутки: другими словами, эти сайты практически всегда в пользовательском интерфейсе используют подход «приложение одной страницы«.

The innovative app ‘A Walk Through Dementia’ offers people an insight into what it is like to live with dementia.

Проект «А walk through dementia» дает возможность представить себе жизнь человека с деменцией.

Google also launched a new app ‘Blog Compass’ to help Indian bloggers manage their site and find topics to write about.

Google запустил новое приложение для ведения блога в Индии, предназначенное для того, чтобы помочь блоггерам «управлять своим сайтом и находить темы для написания новых материалов».

Mobile e-commerce: Deemphasize ‘Install app’ ads or avoid them entirely

Мобильная электронная коммерция UX: не обращайте внимания на рекламу «Установить приложение» или полностью избегайте их — статьи

They have also been called Ethereum’s ‘killer app’, implying that startup fundraising is Ethereum’s ultimate use-case.

Их также называют «убийственным приложением» Эфириума, подразумевая, что сбор средств для запуска является основным вариантом использования Ethereum.

Why app ‘Flashlight’ access to call or send SMS to premium rate numbers?

Зачем приложению «Фонарик» доступ к звонкам или отправке смс на платные номера?

Then, as it gained momentum, it became the only ‘killer app’ for the Blockchain, and dominated that space for some while by itself.

Затем, когда он набрал силу, он стал единственным «убийственным приложением» для Блокчейн и доминировал над этим пространством в течение довольно долгого времени.

However, you can easily set up a blog on your Wix website by downloading the ‘Wix blog app’.

Тем не менее, вы можете легко настроить блог на своем веб-сайте Wix, загрузив «Wix blog app».

Mobile app ‘Map of social facilities accessibility’ presented in Astana

Мобильное приложение «Карта доступности социальных объектов» разработал «Жас Отан»

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Предложения, которые содержат app ‘

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App is an abbreviated form of the word «application.»  An application is a software program  that’s designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program.

Different types of apps include:

Web app — stored on a remote server and delivered over the Internet through a browser interface.

native app — has been developed for use on a particular platform or device.

hybrid app — combines elements of both native and Web applications. Hybrid apps are often mentioned in the context of mobile computing.

killer app — a program that intentionally or unintentionally gets you to buy the system the application runs on.

legacy app — has been inherited from languages, platforms, and techniques earlier than current technology.

This was last updated in November 2011

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An application program (software application, or application, or app for short) is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself,^[1] typically to be used by end-users.^[2] Word processors, media players, and accounting software are examples. The collective noun «application software» refers to all applications collectively.^[3] The other principal classifications of software are system software, relating to the operation of the computer, and utility software («utilities»).

Applications may be bundled with the computer and its system software or published separately and may be coded as proprietary, open-source, or projects.^[4] The term «app» usually refers to applications for mobile devices such as phones.

Terminology[edit]

In information technology, an application (app), an application program, or application software is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, audio, graphics, and a combination of these elements. Some application packages focus on a single task, such as word processing; others called integrated software include several applications.^[5]

User-written software tailors systems to meet the user’s specific needs. User-written software includes spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, audio, graphics, and animation scripts. Even email filters are a kind of user software. Users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is.

The delineation between system software such as operating systems and application software is not exact, however, and is occasionally the object of controversy.^[6] For example, one of the key questions in the United States v. Microsoft Corp. antitrust trial was whether Microsoft’s Internet Explorer web browser was part of its Windows operating system or a separable piece of application software. As another example, the GNU/Linux naming controversy is, in part, due to disagreement about the relationship between the Linux kernel and the operating systems built over this kernel. In some types of embedded systems, the application software and the operating system software may be indistinguishable from the user, as in the case of software used to control a VCR, DVD player, or microwave oven. The above definitions may exclude some applications that may exist on some computers in large organizations. For an alternative definition of an app: see Application Portfolio Management.

Metonymy[edit]

The word «application» used as an adjective is not restricted to the «of or pertaining to application software» meaning.^[7] For example, concepts such as application programming interface (API), application server, application virtualization, application lifecycle management and portable application apply to all computer programs alike, not just application software.

Apps and killer apps[edit]

Some applications are available in versions for several different platforms; others only work on one and are thus called, for example, a geography application for Microsoft Windows, or an Android application for education, or a Linux game. Sometimes a new and popular application arises that only runs on one platform, increasing the desirability of that platform. This is called a killer application or killer app, coined in the late 1980s.^[8][9] For example, VisiCalc was the first modern spreadsheet software for the Apple II and helped sell the then-new personal computers into offices. For Blackberry it was their email software.

In recent years, the shortened term «app» (coined in 1981 or earlier^[10]) has become popular to refer to applications for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, the shortened form matching their typically smaller scope compared to applications on PCs. Even more recently, the shortened version is used for desktop application software as well.

Classification[edit]

There are many different and alternative ways to classify application software.

From the legal point of view, application software is mainly classified with a black-box approach, about the rights of its end-users or subscribers (with eventual intermediate and tiered subscription levels).

Software applications are also classified in respect of the programming language in which the source code is written or executed, and concerning their purpose and outputs.

By property and use rights[edit]

Application software is usually distinguished into two main classes: closed source vs open source software applications, and free or proprietary software applications.

Proprietary software is placed under the exclusive copyright, and a software license grants limited usage rights. The open-closed principle states that software may be «open only for extension, but not for modification». Such applications can only get add-on by third parties.

Free and open-source software shall be run, distributed, sold, or extended for any purpose, and -being open- shall be modified or reversed in the same way.

FOSS software applications released under a free license may be perpetual and also royalty-free. Perhaps, the owner, the holder or third-party enforcer of any right (copyright, trademark, patent, or ius in re aliena) are entitled to add exceptions, limitations, time decays or expiring dates to the license terms of use.

Public-domain software is a type of FOSS, which is royalty-free and — openly or reservedly- can be run, distributed, modified, reversed, republished, or created in derivative works without any copyright attribution and therefore revocation. It can even be sold, but without transferring the public domain property to other single subjects. Public-domain SW can be released under a (un)licensing legal statement, which enforces those terms and conditions for an indefinite duration (for a lifetime, or forever).

By coding language[edit]

Since the development and near-universal adoption of the web, an important distinction that has emerged, has been between web applications — written with HTML, JavaScript and other web-native technologies and typically requiring one to be online and running a web browser — and the more traditional native applications written in whatever languages are available for one’s particular type of computer. There has been a contentious debate in the computing community regarding web applications replacing native applications for many purposes, especially on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Web apps have indeed greatly increased in popularity for some uses, but the advantages of applications make them unlikely to disappear soon, if ever. Furthermore, the two can be complementary, and even integrated.^[11][12][13]

By purpose and output[edit]

Application software can also be seen as being either horizontal or vertical.^[14][15] Horizontal applications are more popular and widespread, because they are general purpose, for example word processors or databases. Vertical applications are niche products, designed for a particular type of industry or business, or department within an organization. Integrated suites of software will try to handle every specific aspect possible of, for example, manufacturing or banking worker, accounting, or customer service.

There are many types of application software:^[16]

• An application suite consists of multiple applications bundled together. They usually have related functions, features, and user interfaces, and may be able to interact with each other, e.g. open each other’s files. Business applications often come in suites, e.g. Microsoft Office, LibreOffice and iWork, which bundle together a word processor, a spreadsheet, etc.; but suites exist for other purposes, e.g. graphics or music.
• Enterprise software addresses the needs of an entire organization’s processes and data flows, across several departments, often in a large distributed environment. Examples include enterprise resource planning systems, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, data replication engines, and supply chain management software. Departmental Software is a sub-type of enterprise software with a focus on smaller organizations or groups within a large organization. (Examples include travel expense management and IT Helpdesk.)
• Enterprise infrastructure software provides common capabilities needed to support enterprise software systems. (Examples include databases, email servers, and systems for managing networks and security.)
• Application platform as a service (aPaaS) is a cloud computing service that offers development and deployment environments for application services.
• Information worker software lets users create and manage information, often for individual projects within a department, in contrast to enterprise management. Examples include time management, resource management, analytical, collaborative and documentation tools. Word processors, spreadsheets, email and blog clients, personal information systems, and individual media editors may aid in multiple information worker tasks.
• Content access software is used primarily to access content without editing, but may include software that allows for content editing. Such software addresses the needs of individuals and groups to consume digital entertainment and published digital content. (Examples include media players, web browsers, and help browsers.)
• Educational software is related to content access software, but has the content or features adapted for use by educators or students. For example, it may deliver evaluations (tests), track progress through material, or include collaborative capabilities.
• Simulation software simulates physical or abstract systems for either research, training, or entertainment purposes.
• Media development software generates print and electronic media for others to consume, most often in a commercial or educational setting. This includes graphic-art software, desktop publishing software, multimedia development software, HTML editors, digital-animation editors, digital audio and video composition, and many others.^[17]
• Product engineering software is used in developing hardware and software products. This includes computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE), computer language editing and compiling tools, integrated development environments, and application programmer interfaces.
• Entertainment Software can refer to video games, screen savers, programs to display motion pictures or play recorded music, and other forms of entertainment which can be experienced through the use of a computing device.

By platform[edit]

Applications can also be classified by computing platforms such as a desktop application for a particular operating system,^[18] delivery network such as in cloud computing and Web 2.0 applications, or delivery devices such as mobile apps for mobile devices.

The operating system itself can be considered application software when performing simple calculating, measuring, rendering, and word processing tasks not used to control hardware via a command-line interface or graphical user interface. This does not include application software bundled within operating systems such as a software calculator or text editor.

Information worker software[edit]

• Accounting software
• Data management
  • Contact manager
  • Spreadsheet
  • Database software
• Documentation
  • Document automation
  • Word processor
  • Desktop publishing software
  • Diagramming software
  • Presentation software
  • Email
  • Blog software
• Enterprise resource planning
• Financial software
  • Banking software
  • Clearing systems
  • Financial accounting software
  • Financial software
• Field service management
  • Workforce management software
• Project management software
  • Calendaring software
  • Employee scheduling software
  • Workflow software
• Reservation systems

Entertainment software[edit]

• Screen savers
• Video games
  • Arcade games
  • Console games
  • Mobile games
  • Personal computer games
• Software art
  • Demo
    • 64K intro

Educational software[edit]

• Classroom management
• Reference software
• Sales readiness software
• Survey management
• Encyclopedia software

Enterprise infrastructure software[edit]

• Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations (AIOps)
• Business workflow software
• Database management system (DBMS)
• Digital asset management (DAM) software
• Document management software
• Geographic information system (GIS)

Simulation software[edit]

• Computer simulators
  • Scientific simulators
  • Social simulators
  • Battlefield simulators
  • Emergency simulators
  • Vehicle simulators
    • Flight simulators
    • Driving simulators
  • Simulation games
    • Vehicle simulation games

Media development software[edit]

• 3D computer graphics software
• Animation software
• Graphic art software
  • Raster graphics editor
  • Vector graphics editor
• Image organizer
• Video editing software
• Audio editing software
  • Digital audio workstation
• Music sequencer
  • Scorewriter
• HTML editor
• Game development tool

Product engineering software[edit]

• Hardware engineering
  • Computer-aided engineering
  • Computer-aided design (CAD)
  • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
  • Finite element analysis

Software engineering[edit]

• Compiler software
• Integrated development environment
  • Compiler
  • Linker
  • Debugger
• Version control
• Game development tool
• License manager

See also[edit]

• Software development
• Mobile app
• Web application

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Learning materials related to Application software at Wikiversity

How do you abbreviate application? There are a few common ways to abbreviate application.

They are,

• ap.
• app.
• apl.

For example,

• College ap.
• Purchase app. for iPhone
• Complete apl.

The most common of these abbreviations is probably app. The plural abbreviation of application is aps., apps., apls.

When to Use This Abbreviation

This abbreviation is usually found in employment requirements, or any time a person is to complete personal and professional history for a job, a college, or for any number of relief programs.

You might abbreviate the word application to app. on an advertisement for “Help Wanted,” in note taking, buying a car, or taking out a loan, and generally at any time a history (application) is required.

In the abbreviated form app., the noun refers to a software application (for a smart phone). It is also common to see such abbreviations in headlines or newspaper titles where space is a concern.

Outside of professional titles or headlines, the word is not abbreviated in general prose.

What Does Application Mean?

Definition of Application: Application is defined as a formal request to an authority for something.

• Jen submitted her application to audition for the Doug Vairone Dance Company.
• One look at the smart phone game on Herb’s cell and everyone there started searching for the same app so the group could play interactively.

The word application functions as a noun in the sentence.

Outside Examples of Application

• Application filed to tear down Klamath River dams –Houston Chronicle

• Commercial lenders generally require both personal and business tax returns as part of a loan application. –Newsday

There are a few common abbreviations of application: ap., app., and apl. If you want to make one of these plural, simply add on an “s.”

Contents

• 1 When to Use This Abbreviation
• 2 What Does Application Mean?
• 3 Outside Examples of Application
• 4 Summary: Application Abbreviation

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