The origin of the word australia

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1570 map by Abraham Ortelius depicting Terra Australis Nondum Cognita as a large continent on the bottom of the map and also an Arctic continent

The name «Austrialia» was used for the first time by Queirós – on 1 May 1606 Tridentine Calendar[1][2][3] or May 3 Roman Calendar

Austrialia was altered or ‘corrected’ to Australia over time (one example shown).[4]

Image with text reading: The vast Island or rather Continent of Australia, Astralasia, or New Holland, which has so lately attracted the particular attention of European navigators and naturalists, seems to abound in scenes of peculiar wildness and fertility; while the wretched natives of many of those dreary districts seem less elevated above the inferior animals than in any other part of the known world; Caffraria itself not excepted; as well as less endued

The name Australia was specifically applied to the continent for the first time in 1794.[5]

The name Australia (pronounced in Australian English[6]) is derived from the Latin australis, meaning «southern», and specifically from the hypothetical Terra Australis postulated in pre-modern geography. The name was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders from 1804, and it has been in official use since 1817, replacing «New Holland,» an English translation of the Dutch name, first given by Abel Tasman in 1643 as the name for the continent.

History[edit]

The name Australia has been applied to two continents. Originally, it was applied to the south polar continent, or sixth continent, now known as Antarctica. The name is a shortened form of Terra Australis which was one of the names given to the imagined (but undiscovered) land mass that was thought to surround the south pole. The earliest known use of the name Australia in Latin was in 1545, when the word appears in a woodcut illustration of the globe titled «Sphere of the Winds» contained in an astrological textbook published in Frankfurt.[7] In the nineteenth century, the name Australia was re-assigned to New Holland, the fifth continent. Thereafter, the south polar continent remained nameless for some eighty years until the new name of Antarctica was invented.[8]

A Terra Australis «land of the south» appeared on world maps from the 15th century, although it was not based on any actual surveying of such a landmass but rather on the hypothesis that continents in the Northern Hemisphere should be balanced by land in the south.[9] This theory of balancing land is on record as early as the 5th century on maps by Macrobius.[10]

The earliest recorded use of the word Australia in English was in 1625 in «A note of Australia del Espíritu Santo, written by Sir Richard Hakluyt», published by Samuel Purchas in Hakluytus Posthumus, a variation of the original Spanish name «Austrialia del Espiritu Santo» (Southern-Austrian Land of the Holy Spirit)[1][2][11] coined by navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1606 for the largest island of Vanuatu, believing his expedition had reached Terra Australis.[12] This is a rare combination of terms «Austral» and «Austria», the latter in honour of the Habsburg dynasty that ruled Spain at the time.[13] The Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia (Jakarta) in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south.[14] Australia was later used in a 1693 translation of Les Aventures de Jacques Sadeur dans la Découverte et le Voyage de la Terre Australe, a 1676 French novel by Gabriel de Foigny, under the pen-name Jacques Sadeur.[15] Referring to the entire South Pacific region, Alexander Dalrymple used it in An Historical Collection of Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean in 1771.

The name Australia was specifically applied to the continent for the first time in 1794,[5] with the botanists George Shaw and Sir James Smith writing of «the vast island, or rather continent, of
Australia, Australasia or New Holland» in their 1793 Zoology and Botany of New Holland,[16] and James Wilson including it on a 1799 chart.[17]

The name Australia was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders, who pushed for it to be formally adopted as early as 1804.[18] When preparing his manuscript and charts for his 1814 A Voyage to Terra Australis, he was persuaded by his patron, Sir Joseph Banks, to use the term Terra Australis as this was the name most familiar to the public. Flinders did so, and published the following rationale:

There is no probability, that any other detached body of land, of nearly equal extent, will ever be found in a more southern latitude; the name Terra Australis will, therefore, remain descriptive of the geographical importance of this country, and of its situation on the globe: it has antiquity to recommend it; and, having no reference to either of the two claiming nations, appears to be less objectionable than any other which could have been selected.[19]

In the footnote to this Flinders wrote:

Had I permitted myself any innovation on the original term, it would have been to convert it to AUSTRALIA; as being more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth.[20]

This is the only occurrence of the word Australia in that text; but in Appendix III, Robert Brown’s General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of Terra Australis, Brown makes use of the adjectival form Australian throughout,[21]—the first known use of that form.[22] Despite popular conception, the book was not instrumental in the adoption of the name: the name came gradually to be accepted over the following ten years.[23]

The first time that the name Australia appears to have been officially used was in a despatch to Lord Bathurst of 4 April 1817 in which Governor Lachlan Macquarie acknowledges the receipt of Capt. Flinders’ charts of Australia.[24] On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted.[25] In 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia.[26]

Djurberg’s 1780 map, with Australia marked as Ulimaroa

Ulimaroa was a name given to Australia by the Swedish geographer and cartographer Daniel Djurberg in 1776.[27] Djurberg adapted the name from Olhemaroa, a Maori word found in Hawkesworth’s edition of Captain James Cook and Sir Joseph Banks’ journals which is thought to have been a misunderstood translation — the Maori were actually referring to Grand Terre, the largest island of New Caledonia.[27] Djurberg believed the name meant something like «big red land», whereas modern linguists believe it meant «long hand» — echoing the geography of Grand Terre.[27] The spurious name continued to be reproduced on certain European maps, particularly some Austrian, Czech, German and Swedish maps, until around 1820,[27] including in Carl Almqvist’s 1817 novel Parjumouf Saga ifrån Nya Holland (Stockholm, 1817).

Commonwealth of Australia[edit]

The sovereign country Australia, formed in 1901 by the Federation of the six British colonies, is officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia, abbreviated within the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act and the Constitution of Australia to «the Commonwealth».[28]

Oz[edit]

The country has been referred to colloquially as Oz by people outside the country since the early 20th century; and by Australians in more recent times.

The Oxford English Dictionary records a first occurrence in 1908, in the form Oss. Oz is often taken as an oblique reference to the fictional Land of Oz in the film The Wizard of Oz (1939), based on L. Frank Baum’s novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900).[29] In 1988, an American opinion was that Australians’ «image of Australia as a ‘Land of Oz’ is not new, and dedication to it runs deep»[30] but evidence for this view within Australia itself is lacking. The spelling Oz is likely to have been influenced by the 1939 film, though the pronunciation was probably always with a /z/, as it is also for Aussie, sometimes spelt Ozzie.[31] The Baz Luhrmann film Australia (2008) makes repeated reference to The Wizard of Oz, which appeared just before the wartime action of Australia. Some critics have even speculated that Baum was inspired by Australia, in naming the Land of Oz: «In Ozma of Oz (1907), Dorothy gets back to Oz as the result of a storm at sea while she and Uncle Henry are travelling by ship to Australia. So, like Australia, Oz is somewhere to the west of California. Like Australia, Oz is an island continent. Like Australia, Oz has inhabited regions bordering on a great desert. One might almost imagine that Baum intended Oz to be Australia, or perhaps a magical land in the center of the great Australian desert.»[32]

Other epithets and nicknames[edit]

Australia is colloquially known as «the Land Down Under» (or just «Down Under»), which derives from the country’s position in the Southern Hemisphere, at the antipodes of the United Kingdom. The term was first recorded in print in 1886, and was popularised internationally by the 1980 song of the same name by Men at Work.[33] Other less common nicknames include «Straya» («Australia» pronounced in an exaggerated Strine manner), and «Aussie», which is usually used as a demonym, but occasionally extended to the country as a whole (especially in New Zealand).[34] More poetic epithets used within Australia include «the Great Southern Land» (re-popularised by a 1980s rock song, and not to be confused with the Great Southern region of Western Australia),[35] «the Lucky Country» (deriving from Donald Horne’s 1964 book of the same name), and two phrases deriving from Dorothea Mackellar’s 1908 poem «My Country» – «the sunburnt country» and «the wide brown land».[36][37]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b «He named it Austrialia del Espiritu Santo and claimed it for Spain» The Spanish quest for Terra Australis | State Library of New South Wales Page 1.
  2. ^ a b «before reaching the New Hebrides or what he called Austrialis del Espiritu Santo on 3 May 1606» Quiros, Pedro Fernandez de (1563–1615) Para 4 | Australian Dictionary of Biography.
  3. ^ Cartouche of La Gran Baya de S. Philippe y S. Santiago, Prado y Tovar ca.1606-1614 (España. Ministerio de Cultura. Archivo General de Simancas).
  4. ^ Gerritsen, Rupert (2013). «A note on ‘Australia’ or ‘Austrialia’» (PDF). The Globe. 72: 23. Posesion en nombre de Su Magestad (Archivo del Museo Naval, Madrid, MS 951.
  5. ^ a b «First Instance of the Word Australia being applied specifically to the Continent — in 1794» Zoology of New Holland — Shaw, George, 1751-1813; Sowerby, James, 1757-1822 Page 2.
  6. ^ Australian pronunciations: Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
  7. ^ Barth, Cyriaco Jacob zum (1545). Astronomia: Teutsch Astronomei. Frankfurt.
  8. ^ Cameron-Ash, M (2018). Lying for the Admiralty: Captain Cook’s Endeavour Voyage. Sydney: Rosenberg Publishing. pp. 18–19. ISBN 9780648043966.
  9. ^ John Noble Wilford: The Mapmakers, the Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to Space Age, p. 139, Vintage Books, Random House 1982, ISBN 0-394-75303-8
  10. ^ Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius Macrobius, Zonenkarte. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  11. ^ «THE ILLUSTRATED SYDNEY NEWS». Illustrated Sydney News. National Library of Australia. 26 January 1888. p. 2. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  12. ^ Purchas, vol. iv, pp. 1422–32, 1625. This appears to be variation of the original Spanish «Austrialia» [sic].[1] A copy at the Library of Congress can be read online [2].
  13. ^ Barber, Peter et al. Mapping Our World: Terra Incognita To Australia, National Library of Australia, 2013, p. 107.
  14. ^ Scott, Ernest (2004) [1914]. The Life of Captain Matthew Flinders. Kessinger Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-4191-6948-9.
  15. ^ Baker, Sidney J. (1966) The Australian Language, 2nd ed.
  16. ^ Ferguson, John Alexander (1975). Bibliography of Australia: 1784–1830. Vol. 1 (reprint ed.). National Library of Australia. p. 77. ISBN 0-642-99044-1.
  17. ^ Estensen, Miriam (2002). The Life of Matthew Flinders. Allen & Unwin. p. 354. ISBN 1-74114-152-4. Flinders was not the first to use the name Australia. He may have known it from a 1799 chart of navigator James Wilson, possibly from a 1622 account of the voyage of Willem Schouten and Jacob Lemaire, or some other source.
  18. ^ Flinders, Matthew. «Letter from Matthew Flinders originally enclosing a chart of ‘New Holland’ (Australia)». cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk. Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  19. ^ Matthew Flinders, A voyage to Terra Australis (Introduction). Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  20. ^ Flinders, Matthew (1814). A Voyage to Terra Australis. G. and W. Nicol.
  21. ^ Bennett, J. J., ed. (1866–68). «General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of Terra Australis». The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. Vol. 2. pp. 1–89.
  22. ^ Mabberley, David (1985). Jupiter botanicus: Robert Brown of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History). ISBN 3-7682-1408-7.
  23. ^ Estensen, p. 450
  24. ^ «WHO NAMED AUSTRALIA?». The Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954). Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 11 February 1928. p. 16. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  25. ^ Weekend Australian, 30–31 December 2000, p. 16
  26. ^ Department of Immigration and Citizenship (2007). Life in Australia (PDF). Commonwealth of Australia. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-921446-30-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  27. ^ a b c d «Ulimaroa: a misnomer for Australia». Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  28. ^ «Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act». ComLaw. 9 July 1900. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  29. ^ Jacobson, H. (1988) In the Land of Oz, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-010966-8.
  30. ^ The Americana Annual: 1988, Americana Corporation, vol. 13, 1989, p. 66, ISBN 0-7172-0220-8
  31. ^ Partridge, Eric, et al., The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Taylor & Francis, 2006, ISBN 0-415-25938-X, entries «Oz» and «Ozzie», p. 1431.
  32. ^ Algeo, J., «Australia as the Land of Oz», American Speech, Vol. 65, No. 1, 1990, pp. 86–89.
  33. ^ Oxford English Dictionary (Electronic), Version 4.0, entry for «down under». The dictionary recodes the first published use in 1886 by J. A. Froude in Oceana p. 92 «We were to bid adieu to the ‘Australasian’…She had carried us safely down under.»
  34. ^ Macquarie Dictionary (5th ed.). Macmillan Publishers Australia. 2010. ISBN 9781876429669.
  35. ^ For example, in: Helen Trinca (14 February 2015). Western values: Perth now and then – The Australian. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
  36. ^ For example, in: Bridie Smith (8 April 2015). «A sunburnt country spotted from space» – The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
  37. ^ For example, in: Margaret Smith (17 January 2015). «What if the French had settled Australia first?» – The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Источник

By total land area, Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.

By total land area, Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.

The nation of Australia comprises of many small islands, the Australian continent’s mainland, and the island of Tasmania. By total area, Australia is the sixth largest country in the world and the largest in Oceania. The region derives its name from the term Australis, a Latin word which means «southern.» The name is believed to have originated specifically from ‘Terra Australis’ a hypothetical continent that was hypothesized in pre-modern geography. The term Australia owes its popularity to an English explorer, Matthew Flinders who first used it 1804. Since 1817, Australia was the region’s official name after replacing New Holland as the previous name.

Historical Background

From the fifteenth century, Terra Australis which is translated into English as the ‘land of the south’ was used in world maps even though the region was more on hypothetical than an actual survey. Terra Australis was theorized from a belief that Northern hemisphere continents ought to be balanced by land in the south. The record for this type of theory dates back to the 5th century; it is on maps drawn by Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius a Roman provincial. However, the earliest record of the term Australia being used in English was in 1625 when Sir Richard Hakluyt wrote ‘A note of Australia del Espiritu Santo’ which was published by an English cleric by the name Samuel Purchas.

The Name Australia

In 1794, the term Australia was specifically applied to the region for the first time by botanists Sir James Smith and George Shaw wrote in their 1973 Zoology and Botany of New Holland of ‘the vast island or rather continent of New Holland, Australia or Australasia’. In 1799, James Wilson included it on a chart. As of 1804, the term was made famous by Flinders who was in turn persuaded by Sir Joseph Banks his patron to use it since it was what most people in the region was familiar with, and Flinders used the name Australia in his manuscripts and charts. In 1824, the admiralty decided that the region should be called Australia.

Nicknames Of Australia

Oz

Since the early 20th century, people living outside of Australia have informally referred the country to as Oz. However, Australians rarely refer to their country as Oz. The term Oz dates back to 1908, but in the form of Oss, as recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary. Oz is mostly assumed to mean the fictional Land of Oz from the movie ‘The Wizard of Oz which is based on ‘The Wonderful Wizard of Oz’ a novel by the American author L. Frank Baum. The spelling of ‘Oz’ is believed to have been hugely influencing by the movie even though the pronunciation always had the sound ‘z’ instead of ‘s.’ many critics are convinced that the continent of Australia inspired the author. Therefore, they believe that the Land of Oz was a reference to the region.

Other Nicknames

Unofficially, the country of Australia is also known as ‘Down Under’ or ‘the Land Down Under.’ The name is derived from the position of the country in the Southern hemisphere. The name ‘Down Under was first recorded in 1886 in print and later on made famous by artists known as men at Work in their 1980 song which is known by the same name. Australia is also known by other nicknames including Aussie which is used as a demonym and Straya. Some of the epithets used to refer to the country include ‘the Lucky Country,’ and ‘the Greta Southern land.’

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Источник

Detailed word origin of Australia

Dictionary entry Language Definition
auster Latin (lat) The south wind.
terra australis incognita Latin (lat)
Australia English (eng) (geology) The continent of Australia-New Guinea. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.. A country in Oceania. Official name: Commonwealth of Australia.
Источник

English[edit]

Satellite image of Australia (English def. 1)

Alternative forms[edit]

  • Straya, ‘Straya (informal)

Etymology[edit]

First attested 16th century, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from auster (“the south wind”). Used also in 1693 (quotation below). Popularised by Matthew Flinders in 1814 (quotation below).

Distantly cognate to Austria – same Proto-Indo-European root, but via German where it retained the earlier sense of “east” rather than “south”.

See also Terra Australis.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (General Australian, Macquarie Dictionary) IPA(key): /ɒˈstɹeɪljə/, /əˈstɹeɪljə/
  • (General Australian) IPA(key): /əˈstɹæɪljə/, /əˈstɹæɪliːə/, /əˈstɹæɪjə/, /-ɹɛl-/, /-ɹejə/
  • (Tasmanian) IPA(key): /əˈstɹɛliːə/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɒˈstɹeɪliːə/, /ɒˈstɹeɪlijə/
  • (Received Pronunciation, dated) IPA(key): /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪə/, /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjə/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ɔˈstɹɛliə/, /ɔˈstɹɛljə/, /-ɹeɪl-/
  • (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA(key): /ɑˈstɹɛliə/, /ɑˈstɹɛljə/, /-ɹeɪl-/
  • Rhymes: -eɪliə
  • Hyphenation: Aus‧tra‧lia

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  2. A country in Oceania. Official name: Commonwealth of Australia.
    • 1693: translation of a French novel by Jacques Sadeur (believed to be a pen name of Gabriel de Foigny) titled Les Aventures de Jacques Sadeur dans la Découverte et le Voiage de la Terre Australe published 1692, translation published in London in 1693. Quoted in The Australian Language by Sidney J. Baker, second edition, 1966, chapter XIX, section 1, pages 388-9.
      This is all that I can have a certain knowledge of as to that side of Australia …
    • 1814, Matthew Flinders, A Voyage to Terra Australis, volume 1 (at Project Gutenberg)
      Had I permitted myself any innovation upon the original term, it would have been to convert it into AUSTRALIA; as being more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth.
  4. (geology) The continent of Australia-New Guinea. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (country): Aussie (uncommon colloquial), Aussieland (colloquial), land down under, New Holland (historical), Oz (colloquial), Terra Australis (historical), Upsidedownland (colloquial), Stralia, Straya (colloquial)
  • (continent): Meganesia, Sahul, Oceania (inclusive of other islands)

Hypernyms[edit]

  • Antipodes

Derived terms[edit]

  • Aussie
  • Australasia
  • Australia Day
  • Australia Felix
  • Australian
  • Australianism
  • Eastralia
  • Order of Australia
  • South Australia
  • Western Australia
  • Westralia

[edit]

  • Austria
  • Austrasie

Descendants[edit]

  • → Maori: Ahitereiria
  • → Tokelauan: Auhitalia

Translations[edit]

Commonwealth of Australia

  • Abkhaz: Австралиа (Avstʼralja)
  • Acehnese: Australia
  • Afrikaans: Australië (af)
  • Albanian: Australi f
  • Amharic: አውስትራልያ (ʾäwsətralya)
  • Arabic: أُسْتُرَالِيَا‎ (ar) f (ʔusturāliyā)
    Hijazi Arabic: أستراليا‎ f (ʾusturālya)
  • Aragonese: Australia f
  • Armenian: Ավստրալիա (hy) (Avstralia)
  • Assamese: অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া (ostrelia)
  • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܘܼܣܛܪܵܠܝܼܵܐ‎ f (usṭraliya)
  • Asturian: Australia (ast) f
  • Azerbaijani: Avstraliya (az)
  • Balinese: Ostrali
  • Bashkir: Австралия (Avstraliya)
  • Basque: Australia (eu)
  • Belarusian: Аўстра́лія f (Aŭstrálija)
  • Bengali: অস্ট্রেলিয়া (bn) (ośṭreliẏa)
  • Bislama: Ostrelia
  • Breton: Aostralia
  • Bulgarian: Австра́лия f (Avstrálija)
  • Burmese: ဩစတြေးလျ (my) (au:ca.tre:lya.)
  • Catalan: Austràlia (ca) f
  • Chamorro: Ostereilia
  • Chechen: Австрали (Avstrali)
  • Cherokee: ᎡᎳᏗᏝ (eladitla), ᎡᎳᏗᏜ (eladidla)
  • Chinese:
    Cantonese: 澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (ou3 daai6 lei6 aa3), 澳洲 (ou3 zau1)
    Mandarin: 澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (zh) (Àodàlìyà), 澳洲 (zh) (Àozhōu)
    Min Nan: 澳大利亞／澳大利亚 (zh-min-nan) (Ò-tāi-lī-a), 澳洲 (Ò-chiu)
  • Chuvash: Австрали (Avstrali)
  • Cornish: Ostrali
  • Crimean Tatar: Avstraliya
  • Czech: Austrálie (cs) f
  • Danish: Australien (da) n
  • Dhivehi: އޮސްޓަރުލިޔާ‎ (osṭaruliyā)
  • Dinka: Authërelia, Australia
  • Dutch: Australië (nl) n
  • Dzongkha: ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ (as ṭeye li ya)
  • Esperanto: Aŭstralio (eo)
  • Estonian: Austraalia (et)
  • Faroese: Avstralia n
  • Fijian: Ositerelia
  • Fiji Hindi: Australia
  • Finnish: Australia (fi)
  • French: Australie (fr) f
  • Galician: Australia (gl) f
  • Gamilaraay: Yarraanbaa
  • Georgian: ავსტრალია (avsṭralia)
  • German: Australien (de) n
    Alemannic German: Australien
  • Greek: Αυστραλία (el) f (Afstralía)
  • Gujarati: ઓસ્ટ્રેલિયા (osṭreliyā)
  • Hausa: Ostareliya
  • Hawaiian: ʻAukekulelia
  • Hebrew: אוֹסְטְרַלְיָה‎ (he) f (ostrálya)
  • Hindi: ऑस्ट्रेलिया (hi) m (ŏsṭreliyā), आस्ट्रेलिया m (āsṭreliyā), ओस्ट्रेलिया m (osṭreliyā)
  • Hungarian: Ausztrália (hu)
  • Hunsrik: Australje n
  • Icelandic: Ástralía (is) f
  • Indonesian: Australia (id)
  • Interlingua: Australia
  • Inuktitut: ᐊᔅᑦᕌᓕᐊ (astraalia)
  • Irish: An Astráil f, Comhlathas na hAstráile m
  • Italian: Australia (it) f
  • Japanese: オーストラリア (ja) (Ōsutoraria) (also written: 濠太剌利 (ja) (Ōsutoraria)), (rare) 濠洲 (ごうしゅう, Gōshū), 豪州 (ja) (ごうしゅう, Gōshū), (abbreviation) 濠 (ja) (ごう, Gō), 豪 (ja) (ごう, Gō)
  • Kala Lagaw Ya: Koey Daudai
  • Kalenjin: Australia
  • Kamba: Australia
  • Kannada: ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೆಲಿಯ (āsṭreliya), ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೇಲಿಯ (kn) (āsṭrēliya)
  • Karachay-Balkar: Австралия (Avstraliya)
  • Kazakh: Аустралия (kk) (Australiä)
  • Khmer: អូស្ត្រាលី (km) (Ostrali)
  • Kikuyu: Australia
  • Korean: 오스트레일리아 (ko) (Oseuteureillia), 호주(濠洲) (ko) (Hoju), 오스트랄리아 (ko) (Oseuteurallia) (North Korea)
  • Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: ئوسترالیا‎ (ustralya)
    Northern Kurdish: Awistralya (ku), Australya (ku), Awustralya (ku), Ewistralya (ku), Ewustralya (ku), Ostralya (ku), Ustralya (ku)
  • Kyrgyz: Австралия (ky) (Avstraliya)
  • Lao: ອົດສະຕາລີ (ʼot sa tā lī), ອົສຕາລີ (ʼot tā lī), ອົດສະຕຣາລີ (ʼot sat rā lī)
  • Latin: Australia (la) f
  • Latvian: Austrālija f
  • Lithuanian: Australija (lt) f
  • Luhya: Australia
  • Luo: Australia
  • Macedonian: Австралија (mk) f (Avstralija)
  • Malagasy: Aostralia
  • Malay: Australia (ms)
  • Malayalam: ആസ്ട്രേലിയ (āsṭrēliya), ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ (ōsṭrēliya)
  • Maltese: Awstralja f
  • Manx: Yn Austrail f
  • Maori: Ahitereiria, Te Pāpaka-a-Māui, Te Whenua Moemoeā
  • Marathi: ऑस्ट्रेलिया (ŏsṭreliyā), ओस्ट्रेलिया (osṭreliyā)
  • Meriam Mir: Keo Daudai
  • Moksha: Австралие (Avstraľije)
  • Mongolian:
    Cyrillic: Австрали (Avstrali), Австрали улс (Avstrali uls),
  • Nahuatl: Australia
  • Nauruan: Otereiriya (na)
  • Navajo: Nahatʼeʼiitsoh bikéyah
  • Nepali: अस्ट्रेलिया (asṭreliyā)
  • Niuean: Ausetalia
  • Norfuk: Ostrielya
  • Norman: Australie f
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: Australia (no)
    Nynorsk: Australia (nn)
  • Occitan: Austràlia (oc) f
  • Okinawan: オーストラリア
  • Oriya: ଅଷ୍ଟ୍ରେଲିଆ (ôṣṭrelia)
  • Ossetian: Австрали (Avstrali)
  • Pashto: اسټراليا‎ f (asṭrālyā), آستراليا‎ f (āstrālyã), استراليا‎ f (astrālyā)
  • Persian: استرالیا‎ (fa) (ostorâliyâ)
  • Plautdietsch: Australien n
  • Polish: Australia (pl) f
  • Portuguese: Austrália (pt) f
  • Pukapukan: Oteleilia
  • Punjabi: ਆਸਟ੍ਰੇਲੀਆ (āsaṭrelīā)
  • Rarotongan: ‘Autirēria
  • Rhine Franconian: Auschdralie
  • Romanian: Australia (ro) f
  • Russian: Австра́лия (ru) f (Avstrálija)
  • Rusyn: Австра́лія f (Avstrálija)
  • Samoan: Ausetalia (sm)
  • Sanskrit: महालंका (mahālaṃkā)
  • Scots: Australie
  • Scottish Gaelic: Astràilia
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: Ау̀стра̄лија f
    Roman: Aùstrālija (sh) f
  • Shan: ဢေႃႇၸတြေးလီးယိူဝ်း (ʼàu tsǎ trée líi yóe)
  • Sindhi: آسٽريليا‎
  • Sinhalese: ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව (ōsṭrēliyāwa)
  • Slavomolisano: Lauštralija f
  • Slovak: Austrália (sk) f
  • Slovene: Avstrálija (sl) f
  • Somali: Ustraleeya
  • Sorbian:
    Lower Sorbian: Awstralska f
    Upper Sorbian: Awstralska f
  • Spanish: Australia (es) f
  • Swahili: Australia (sw)
  • Swedish: Australien (sv) n
  • Tagalog: Australia
  • Tahitian: Autereraria, Auterāria
  • Tajik: Австралия (tg) (Avstraliya)
  • Tamil: அவுஸ்திரேலியா (ta) (avustirēliyā), ஆஸ்திரேலியா (ta) (āstirēliyā)
  • Tatar: Австралия (Awstraliya)
  • Telugu: ఆస్ట్రేలియా (te) (āsṭrēliyā)
  • Thai: ออสเตรเลีย (th) (ɔ́s-dtree-liia)
  • Tibetan: ཨོ་སེ་ཐེ་ལི་ཡ (o se the li ya)
  • Tigrinya: ኣውስትራሊያ (ʾawsətraliya)
  • Tok Pisin: Ostrelia
  • Tongan: ʻAositelēlia
  • Torres Strait Creole: Ostrelia
  • Turkish: Avustralya (tr)
  • Turkmen: Awstraliýa
  • Ukrainian: Австра́лія (uk) f (Avstrálija)
  • Urdu: آسٹریلیا‎ m (āsṭreliyā)
  • Uyghur: ئاۋسترالىيە‎ (awstraliye)
  • Uzbek: Avstraliya (uz)
  • Veps: Avstralii
  • Vietnamese: Úc (vi) (澳), Úc Đại Lợi (澳大利), Châu Úc (洲澳), Úc Châu (澳洲), Ô-xtrây-li-a (vi), nước Úc, Australia (vi)
  • Volapük: Laustralän (vo)
  • Walloon: Ostraleye (wa)
  • Welsh: Awstralia (cy)
  • Western Panjabi: آسٹریلیا‎ (āsṫreliya)
  • Wolof: Óstraali (wo)
  • Yakut: Аустралия (Australiya)
  • Yiddish: אויסטראַליע‎ n (oystralye), אַווסטראַליע‎ n (avstralye)
  • Yoruba: Ástràlìá
  • Zazaki: (Southern Zazaki) Awıstralya
  • Zhuang: Audaliya, Aucouh
  • Zulu: i-Ostreliya

continent of Australia

  • Arabic: أُسْتُرَالِيَا‎ (ar) f (ʔusturāliyā)
  • Armenian: Ավստրալիա (hy) (Avstralia)
  • Assamese: অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া (ostrelia)
  • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܘܼܣܛܪܵܠܝܼܵܐ‎ f (usṭraliya)
  • Belarusian: Аўстра́лія f (Aŭstrálija)
  • Bengali: অস্ট্রেলিয়া (bn) (ośṭreliẏa)
  • Burmese: ဩစတြေးလျ (my) (au:ca.tre:lya.)
  • Catalan: Austràlia (ca) f
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 澳洲 (zh) (Àozhōu)
  • Czech: Austrálie (cs) f
  • Danish: Australien (da)
  • Dinka: please add this translation if you can
  • Dutch: Australië (nl)
  • Estonian: Austraalia (et)
  • Finnish: Australia (fi), Australian manner
  • French: Australie (fr) f
  • Galician: Australia (gl) f
  • Gamilaraay: Yarraanbaa
  • Georgian: ავსტრალია (avsṭralia)
  • German: Australien (de)
  • Hawaiian: ʻAukekulelia
  • Hebrew: אוֹסְטְרַלְיָה‎ (he) f (ostrálya)
  • Hindi: ऑस्ट्रेलिया (hi) (ŏsṭreliyā), आस्ट्रेलिया (āsṭreliyā), ओस्ट्रेलिया (osṭreliyā)
  • Hungarian: Ausztrália (hu)
  • Icelandic: Ástralía (is) f
  • Irish: An Astráil f
  • Japanese: オーストラリア (ja) (Ōsutoraria) (also written: 濠太剌利 (ja) (Ōsutoraria)), (rare) 濠洲 (ごうしゅう, Gōshū), 豪州 (ja) (ごうしゅう, Gōshū), (abbreviation) 濠 (ja) (ごう, Gō), 豪 (ja) (ごう, Gō), オーストラリア大陸 (Ōsutoraria tairiku)
  • Khmer: អូស្ត្រាលី (km) (Ostrali)
  • Korean: 오스트레일리아 (ko) (Oseuteureillia), 호주(濠洲) (ko) (Hoju), 오스트랄리아 (ko) (Oseuteurallia) (North Korea)
  • Latvian: Austrālija f
  • Lithuanian: Australija (lt) f
  • Macedonian: Австралија (mk) f (Avstralija)
  • Malay: Australia (ms)
  • Manx: Yn Austrail f
  • Moore: wostrali
  • Norman: Australie f
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: Australia (no)
    Nynorsk: Australia (nn)
  • Occitan: Austràlia (oc) f
  • Pashto: اسټراليا‎ f (asṭrālyā), آستراليا‎ f (āstrālyã), استراليا‎ f (astrālyā)
  • Persian: استرالیا‎ (fa) (ostorâliyâ)
  • Plautdietsch: Australien n
  • Polish: Australia (pl) f
  • Portuguese: Austrália (pt) f
  • Romanian: Australia (ro) f
  • Russian: Австра́лия (ru) f (Avstrálija)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: Ау̀стра̄лија f
    Roman: Aùstrālija (sh) f
  • Slovak: Austrália (sk) f
  • Slovene: Avstrálija (sl) f
  • Sorbian:
    Upper Sorbian: Awstralija f
  • Spanish: Australia (es) f
  • Swedish: Australien (sv) n
  • Telugu: ఆస్ట్రేలియా (te) (āsṭrēliyā)
  • Thai: ออสเตรเลีย (th) (ɔ́s-dtree-liia)
  • Turkish: Avustralya (tr)
  • Uyghur: ئاۋسترالىيە‎ (awstraliye)
  • Vietnamese: Châu Úc (洲澳), Úc Châu (澳洲), Úc (vi) (澳)
  • Volapük: Stralop (vo)
  • Yiddish: אַווסטראַליע‎ n (avstralye)

Translations to be checked

  • Ido: Australia (io)

See also[edit]

  • (continents) continent; Africa, America (North America, South America), Antarctica, Asia, Europe, Oceania (Category: en:Continents)
  • AU
  • Aust
  • Countries of the world

Further reading[edit]

  • Australia time zones with map and map current local time in Australia.

Albanian[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. definite nominative of Australi

Asturian[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

[edit]

  • australianu

Basque[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /au̯s̺tralia/, [au̯s̺.t̪ra.li.a]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia inan

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

  • australiar

Central Huasteca Nahuatl[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Central Nahuatl[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a country in Oceania)

Finnish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • Austraalia (rare)

Etymology[edit]

From Latin austrālia.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑu̯strɑ(ː)liɑ/, [ˈɑu̯s̠t̪rɑ(ː)ˌliɑ] (long vowel more common)
  • Rhymes: -iɑ
  • Syllabification(key): aust‧ra‧li‧a

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Declension[edit]

Inflection of Australia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative Australia —
genitive Australian —
partitive Australiaa —
illative Australiaan —
singular plural
nominative Australia —
accusative nom. Australia —
gen. Australian
genitive Australian —
partitive Australiaa —
inessive Australiassa —
elative Australiasta —
illative Australiaan —
adessive Australialla —
ablative Australialta —
allative Australialle —
essive Australiana —
translative Australiaksi —
instructive — —
abessive Australiatta —
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of Australia (type kulkija)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Australiani —
accusative nom. Australiani —
gen. Australiani
genitive Australiani —
partitive Australiaani —
inessive Australiassani —
elative Australiastani —
illative Australiaani —
adessive Australiallani —
ablative Australialtani —
allative Australialleni —
essive Australianani —
translative Australiakseni —
instructive — —
abessive Australiattani —
comitative — —
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Australiasi —
accusative nom. Australiasi —
gen. Australiasi
genitive Australiasi —
partitive Australiaasi —
inessive Australiassasi —
elative Australiastasi —
illative Australiaasi —
adessive Australiallasi —
ablative Australialtasi —
allative Australiallesi —
essive Australianasi —
translative Australiaksesi —
instructive — —
abessive Australiattasi —
comitative — —
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Australiamme —
accusative nom. Australiamme —
gen. Australiamme
genitive Australiamme —
partitive Australiaamme —
inessive Australiassamme —
elative Australiastamme —
illative Australiaamme —
adessive Australiallamme —
ablative Australialtamme —
allative Australiallemme —
essive Australianamme —
translative Australiaksemme —
instructive — —
abessive Australiattamme —
comitative — —
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Australianne —
accusative nom. Australianne —
gen. Australianne
genitive Australianne —
partitive Australiaanne —
inessive Australiassanne —
elative Australiastanne —
illative Australiaanne —
adessive Australiallanne —
ablative Australialtanne —
allative Australiallenne —
essive Australiananne —
translative Australiaksenne —
instructive — —
abessive Australiattanne —
comitative — —
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative Australiansa —
accusative nom. Australiansa —
gen. Australiansa
genitive Australiansa —
partitive Australiaansa —
inessive Australiassaan
Australiassansa 		—
elative Australiastaan
Australiastansa 		—
illative Australiaansa —
adessive Australiallaan
Australiallansa 		—
ablative Australialtaan
Australialtansa 		—
allative Australialleen
Australiallensa 		—
essive Australianaan
Australianansa 		—
translative Australiakseen
Australiaksensa 		—
instructive — —
abessive Australiattaan
Australiattansa 		—
comitative — —

In Australia = Australiassa.

[edit]

  • australialainen
  • australialaisuus

Galician[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

[edit]

  • australiano

Greenlandic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English Australia (cognate with Danish Australien).

Noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a country in Oceania)

Ido[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

See also[edit]

  • (continents) kontinento; Afrika, Amerika (Nord-Amerika, Sud-Amerika), Antarktika, Azia, Australia, Europa (Category: io:Continents)

Indonesian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [aʷus.t(ə)raliʲa]
  • Hyphenation: aus‧tra‧lia

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Interlingua[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /awˈstra.lja/
  • Rhymes: -alja
  • Hyphenation: Au‧strà‧lia

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Derived terms[edit]

  • australiano

Descendants[edit]

  • →⇒ Slavomolisano: Lauštralija

Anagrams[edit]

  • saltuaria

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /au̯sˈtraː.li.a/, [äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲiä]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /au̯sˈtra.li.a/, [äu̯sˈt̪räːliä]

Proper noun[edit]

Austrālia f sg (genitive Austrāliae); first declension

  1. (New Latin) Australia

Declension[edit]

First-declension noun, singular only.

Case Singular
Nominative Austrālia
Genitive Austrāliae
Dative Austrāliae
Accusative Austrāliam
Ablative Austrāliā
Vocative Austrālia

Derived terms[edit]

  • austrāliēnsis, austrāliānus

Malay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita (“unknown southern land”), from auster (“the south wind”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /au̯straliə/
  • (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /au̯stralia/
  • Rhymes: -iə, -ə

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /æʉstɾɑːljɑ/

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

[edit]

  • australier
  • australsk

See also[edit]

  • (continents) kontinent; Afrika, Amerika, Antarktis, Asia, Europa, Nord-Amerika, Oseania, Sør-Amerika (Category: no:Continents)

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

[edit]

  • australiar
  • australsk

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English Australia, from Latin terra austrālis incōgnita.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /awˈstra.lja/
  • Rhymes: -alja
  • Syllabification: Aus‧tra‧lia

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

  • australijski
  • Australijczyk
  • Australijka

Further reading[edit]

  • Australia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • Australia in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. Australia (a country in Oceania)
  2. Australia (a continent)

Declension[edit]

declension of Australia (singular only)

See also[edit]

  • (continents) continent; Africa, America (America de Nord, America de Sud), Antarctica, Asia, Europa, Oceania (Category: ro:Continents)

Sicilian[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. Australia (a country in Oceania)
  2. Australia (a continent)

See also[edit]

  • (continents) cuntinenti; Àfrica, Amèrica (Amèrica dû Nord, Amèrica dû Sud), Antàrtidi, Asia, Europa, Oceania (Category: scn:Continents)

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ausˈtɾalja/ [au̯sˈt̪ɾa.lja]
  • Rhymes: -alja
  • Syllabification: Aus‧tra‧lia

Proper noun[edit]

Australia f

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

Derived terms[edit]

  • Australia Meridional
  • Australia Occidental
  • australiano, australiana

Swahili[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Australia

  1. Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)

See also[edit]

  • (continents) mabara; Afrika (“Africa”), Amerika (“America”), Antaktika (“Antarctica”) or Antaktiki, Asia (“Asia”), Ulaya (“Europe”) or Uropa, Amerika ya Kaskazini (“North America”), Australia (“Oceania”), Amerika ya Kusini (“South America”) (Category: sw:Continents) [edit]
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