The meaning of the word pattern

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A pattern is a regularity in the world, in human-made design,^[1] or in abstract ideas. As such, the elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. A geometric pattern is a kind of pattern formed of geometric shapes and typically repeated like a wallpaper design.

Any of the senses may directly observe patterns. Conversely, abstract patterns in science, mathematics, or language may be observable only by analysis. Direct observation in practice means seeing visual patterns, which are widespread in nature and in art. Visual patterns in nature are often chaotic, rarely exactly repeating, and often involve fractals. Natural patterns include spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tilings, cracks, and those created by symmetries of rotation and reflection. Patterns have an underlying mathematical structure;^[2]: 6 indeed, mathematics can be seen as the search for regularities, and the output of any function is a mathematical pattern. Similarly in the sciences, theories explain and predict regularities in the world.

In art and architecture, decorations or visual motifs may be combined and repeated to form patterns designed to have a chosen effect on the viewer. In computer science, a software design pattern is a known solution to a class of problems in programming. In fashion, the pattern is a template used to create any number of similar garments.

In many areas of the decorative arts, from ceramics and textiles to wallpaper, «pattern» is used for an ornamental design that is manufactured, perhaps for many different shapes of object.

Nature[edit]

Nature provides examples of many kinds of pattern, including symmetries, trees and other structures with a fractal dimension, spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tilings, cracks and stripes.^[3]

Symmetry[edit]

Symmetry is widespread in living things. Animals that move usually have bilateral or mirror symmetry as this favours movement.^{[2]: 48–49} Plants often have radial or rotational symmetry, as do many flowers, as well as animals which are largely static as adults, such as sea anemones. Fivefold symmetry is found in the echinoderms, including starfish, sea urchins, and sea lilies.^{[2]: 64–65}

Among non-living things, snowflakes have striking sixfold symmetry: each flake is unique, its structure recording the varying conditions during its crystallisation similarly on each of its six arms.^[2]: 52 Crystals have a highly specific set of possible crystal symmetries; they can be cubic or octahedral, but cannot have fivefold symmetry (unlike quasicrystals).^{[2]: 82–84}

Spirals[edit]

Spiral patterns are found in the body plans of animals including molluscs such as the nautilus, and in the phyllotaxis of many plants, both of leaves spiralling around stems, and in the multiple spirals found in flowerheads such as the sunflower and fruit structures like the pineapple.^[4]

Chaos, turbulence, meanders and complexity[edit]

Chaos theory predicts that while the laws of physics are deterministic, there are events and patterns in nature that never exactly repeat because extremely small differences in starting conditions can lead to widely differing outcomes.^[5] The patterns in nature tend to be static due to dissipation on the emergence process, but when there is interplay between injection of energy and dissipation there can arise a complex dynamic.^[6] Many natural patterns are shaped by this complexity, including vortex streets,^[7] other effects of turbulent flow such as meanders in rivers.^[8] or nonlinear interaction of the system ^[9]

Waves, dunes[edit]

Waves are disturbances that carry energy as they move. Mechanical waves propagate through a medium – air or water, making it oscillate as they pass by.^[10] Wind waves are surface waves that create the chaotic patterns of the sea. As they pass over sand, such waves create patterns of ripples; similarly, as the wind passes over sand, it creates patterns of dunes.^[11]

Bubbles, foam[edit]

Foams obey Plateau’s laws, which require films to be smooth and continuous, and to have a constant average curvature. Foam and bubble patterns occur widely in nature, for example in radiolarians, sponge spicules, and the skeletons of silicoflagellates and sea urchins.^[12][13]

Cracks[edit]

Cracks form in materials to relieve stress: with 120 degree joints in elastic materials, but at 90 degrees in inelastic materials. Thus the pattern of cracks indicates whether the material is elastic or not. Cracking patterns are widespread in nature, for example in rocks, mud, tree bark and the glazes of old paintings and ceramics.^[14]

Spots, stripes[edit]

Alan Turing,^[15] and later the mathematical biologist James D. Murray^[16] and other scientists, described a mechanism that spontaneously creates spotted or striped patterns, for example in the skin of mammals or the plumage of birds: a reaction–diffusion system involving two counter-acting chemical mechanisms, one that activates and one that inhibits a development, such as of dark pigment in the skin.^[17] These spatiotemporal patterns slowly drift, the animals’ appearance changing imperceptibly as Turing predicted.

Art and architecture[edit]

Tilings[edit]

In visual art, pattern consists in regularity which in some way «organizes surfaces or structures in a consistent, regular manner.» At its simplest, a pattern in art may be a geometric or other repeating shape in a painting, drawing, tapestry, ceramic tiling or carpet, but a pattern need not necessarily repeat exactly as long as it provides some form or organizing «skeleton» in the artwork.^[18] In mathematics, a tessellation is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes (which mathematicians call tiles), with no overlaps and no gaps.^[19]

Zentangles[edit]

The concept and process of Zentangles, a blend of meditative Zen practice with the purposeful drawing of repetitive patterns or artistic tangles has been trademarked by Rick Roberts and Maria Thomas.^[20] The process, using patterns such as cross hatching, dots, curves and other mark making, on small pieces of paper or tiles which can then be put together to form mosaic clusters, or shaded or coloured in, can, like the doodle, be used as a therapeutic device to help to relieve stress and anxiety in children and adults.^{[21] [22]} Zentangles comprising relevant or irrelevant shapes can be drawn within the outline of an animal, human or object to provide texture and interest. [1]

In architecture[edit]

In architecture, motifs are repeated in various ways to form patterns. Most simply, structures such as windows can be repeated horizontally and vertically (see leading picture). Architects can use and repeat decorative and structural elements such as columns, pediments, and lintels.^[23] Repetitions need not be identical; for example, temples in South India have a roughly pyramidal form, where elements of the pattern repeat in a fractal-like way at different sizes.^[24]

See also: pattern book.

Science and mathematics[edit]

Mathematics is sometimes called the «Science of Pattern», in the sense of rules that can be applied wherever needed.^[25] For example, any sequence of numbers that may be modeled by a mathematical function can be considered a pattern. Mathematics can be taught as a collection of patterns.^[26]

Fractals[edit]

Some mathematical rule-patterns can be visualised, and among these are those that explain patterns in nature including the mathematics of symmetry, waves, meanders, and fractals. Fractals are mathematical patterns that are scale invariant. This means that the shape of the pattern does not depend on how closely you look at it. Self-similarity is found in fractals. Examples of natural fractals are coast lines and tree shapes, which repeat their shape regardless of what magnification you view at. While self-similar patterns can appear indefinitely complex, the rules needed to describe or produce their formation can be simple (e.g. Lindenmayer systems describing tree shapes).^[27]

In pattern theory, devised by Ulf Grenander, mathematicians attempt to describe the world in terms of patterns. The goal is to lay out the world in a more computationally friendly manner.^[28]

In the broadest sense, any regularity that can be explained by a scientific theory is a pattern. As in mathematics, science can be taught as a set of patterns.^[29]

Computer science[edit]

In computer science, a software design pattern, in the sense of a template, is a general solution to a problem in programming. A design pattern provides a reusable architectural outline that may speed the development of many computer programs.^[30]

Fashion[edit]

In fashion, the pattern is a template, a technical two-dimensional tool used to create any number of identical garments. It can be considered as a means of translating from the drawing to the real garment.^[31]

See also[edit]

• Archetype
• Cellular automata
• Form constant
• Fractal
• Pattern (sewing)
• Pattern coin
• Pattern matching
• Pattern recognition
• Pattern (casting)
• Patterns in nature
• Pedagogical patterns

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

In nature[edit]

• Adam, John A. Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World. Princeton, 2006.
• Ball, Philip The Self-made Tapestry: Pattern Formation in Nature. Oxford, 2001.
• Edmaier, Bernhard Patterns of the Earth. Phaidon Press, 2007.
• Haeckel, Ernst Art Forms of Nature. Dover, 1974.
• Stevens, Peter S. Patterns in Nature. Penguin, 1974.
• Stewart, Ian. What Shape is a Snowflake? Magical Numbers in Nature. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001.
• Thompson, D’Arcy W. On Growth and Form. 1942 2nd ed. (1st ed., 1917). ISBN 0-486-67135-6

In art and architecture[edit]

• Alexander, C. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford, 1977.
• de Baeck, P. Patterns. Booqs, 2009.
• Garcia, M. The Patterns of Architecture. Wiley, 2009.
• Kiely, O. Pattern. Conran Octopus, 2010.
• Pritchard, S. V&A Pattern: The Fifties. V&A Publishing, 2009.

In science and mathematics[edit]

• Adam, J. A. Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World. Princeton, 2006.
• Resnik, M. D. Mathematics as a Science of Patterns. Oxford, 1999.

In computing[edit]

• Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R., Vlissides, J. Design Patterns. Addison-Wesley, 1994.
• Bishop, C. M. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer, 2007.

узор, шаблон, модель, рисунок, копировать, примерный, образцовый

существительное ↓

глагол ↓

Словосочетания

the overall pattern of his life — общая картина его жизни  
a zonal pattern of cell structure — зональная модель строения клетки  
a rug with an allover pattern — коврик, сплошь покрытый узором  
to cast against a pattern — отливать по модели  
elaborate pattern — изысканный узор, рисунок  
expenditure pattern — структура расходов  
family formation pattern — модель формирования семьи  
family pattern — модель поведения в семье  
ornamental pattern — декоративный орнамент  
to establish / set a pattern — подавать пример  
behaviour pattern — модель поведения  
spending pattern — схема (статей) расходов  

Примеры с переводом

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

Возможные однокоренные слова

patterned  — узорный
patterning  — копировать, следовать примеру, украшать узором, делать по образцу
patternless  — бессистемный, хаотический

Формы слова

verb
I/you/we/they: pattern
he/she/it: patterns
ing ф. (present participle): patterning
2-я ф. (past tense): patterned
3-я ф. (past participle): patterned

noun
ед. ч.(singular): pattern
мн. ч.(plural): patterns

If there are fewer elements in the $replacement array than in the $pattern array, any extra $pattern will be replaced by an empty string. limit: The maximum possible replacements for each pattern in each $subject string. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Next year book features a change in the title pattern and is also called «Changes» another must-read for me. ❋ Liviu (2009)

The pattern is the Gauntlet pattern from the Not Just Socks book by Sandi Rosner. ❋ Unknown (2005)

Three years after Van Dine inaugurated his title pattern, Ellery Queen founded a title dynasty of their own and for nine novels we consistently used the formula implicit in THE ROMAN HAT MYSTERY. ❋ Queen, Ellery (1864)

Allen Brain Atlas that shows the expression pattern of almost every gene in the mouse brain, detailed in a huge series of microscopic images. ❋ David J. Linden (2011)

• Navy fires destroyer commander, top aide after port troubles: The Navy said it lost confidence in the commander’s to address what it called a pattern of unprofessional behavior by his crew that included fraternization, orders violations and disregard for naval standards. ❋ Unknown (2011)

The only real exception to this pattern is the weeks immediately after the invasion. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Usually, this pattern is attributed to cladogenesis compressed in time, combined with the inevitable erosion of the phylogenetic signal. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Such a pattern is a red flag for law enforcement officials looking for potential gun trafficking. ❋ David S. Fallis (2010)

But the pattern is there, as is the behavior, and the question remains. ❋ Unknown (2009)

The Navy said it had lost confidence in Borchers’ ability to address what it called a pattern of unprofessional behavior by his crew that included fraternization, orders violations and disregard for naval standards. ❋ Unknown (2011)

Photo: Reuters The Obama administration denied Mr. Hekmati worked for the CIA and criticized Tehran for what it called a pattern of arresting innocent people for political reasons. ❋ Farnaz Fassihi (2012)

Mohammed al-Dura, the Jenin “massacre”, civilian shelling incidents in Lebanon, attacks on mosques in Gaza — the pattern is the same. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Williams and Foy called on the NYPD to discipline the officers involved and demanded comprehensive policy changes to end what they described as a pattern of police mistreatment of young minority men. ❋ Michael Howard Saul (2011)

Perhaps the best survey data that illustrates this pattern is the Current Population Survey, a large monthly government survey of over 100,000 respondents. ❋ Michael P. McDonald (2010)

People complained about the Germans, the Irish, the Italians, the Chinese, and everyone else, but the pattern is always the same. ❋ Unknown (2009)

[Gerald]: Oi she’s [buff] go move to her
[Simon]: yeah i’m gonna pattern her still ❋ John Koroma (2017)

Let’s make a [design] pattern for this [project]. ❋ Rami79 (2009)

John : [Your mother] is fucking ugly as all [fucking hell]
Alex : [Pattern b] ❋ Deadbritishlad (2017)

Did you [sort out] that stuff with that lad? Yeh [Bruv] I [patterned] him ❋ LinguoGuy (2018)

‘If he [chats] [shit], [pattern] him’ ❋ Bon 3 (2018)

1 — aye g this [neeks] gonna get [patterned] [tomo] after school
2 — safe sn g ❋ D207 (2019)

Someone : «Go [fix] your [teeth]!»
You : *goes and fixes teeth only because that person told them to*
Someone else : «Damn [she/he] just got Patterned!» ❋ Someone Sksksks (2019)

«[Oh my god] man, [my girlfriend] is so patterned when she’s on her [period]» ❋ Blindish (2017)

[Ruth] [made] The Raspberry Pattern ❋ AxlRoseGirl (2011)

Lisa «[Ruth] squeezed cheese with her mouth»
[Trish] «Yeh, she made [the raspberry pattern]» ❋ Raggett (2011)

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But human beings fall easily into despair, and from the very beginning we invented stories that enabled us to place our lives in a larger setting, that revealed an underlying pattern, and gave us a sense that, against all the depressing and chaotic evidence to the contrary, life had meaning and value.

Karen Armstrong

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD PATTERN

Patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus example, from Latin: patron1.

PRONUNCIATION OF PATTERN

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF PATTERN

Pattern is a verb and can also act as a noun.

WHAT DOES PATTERN MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Definition of pattern in the English dictionary

The first definition of pattern in the dictionary is an arrangement of repeated or corresponding parts, decorative motifs, etc. Other definition of pattern is a decorative design. Pattern is also a style.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO PATTERN

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

CONDITIONAL

IMPERATIVE

NONFINITE VERB FORMS

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH PATTERN

SYNONYMS OF «PATTERN»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «pattern» and belong to the same grammatical category.

TRANSLATION OF PATTERN

Find out the translation of pattern to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «PATTERN»

The term «pattern» is very widely used and occupies the 3.547 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of pattern

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «PATTERN» OVER TIME

10 QUOTES WITH «PATTERN»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word pattern.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «PATTERN»

Discover the use of pattern in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to pattern and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «PATTERN»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term pattern is used in the context of the following news items.

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Pattern [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/pattern>. Apr 2023 ».

Па́ттерн (англ. pattern — образец, шаблон; форма, модель; схема, диаграмма) — схема-образ, действующая как посредствующее представление, или чувственное понятие, благодаря которому в режиме одновременности восприятия и мышления выявляются закономерности, как они существуют в природе и обществе.

Паттерн понимается в этом плане как повторяющийся шаблон, или образец. Элементы паттерна повторяются предсказуемо . Так, из графических паттернов складываются красивые узоры.

Каждый из органов восприятия (чувств) воспринимает паттерны в соответствии со своими особенностями.

В науке, в том числе в математике и языкознании, паттерны выявляются путём исследования.

Прямое наблюдение может выявлять визуальные паттерны как они формируются в природе и в искусстве.

Визуальные паттерны в природе часто хаотичны. Они не копируют друг друга и часто являются фрактальными.

Паттерны в природе включают спирали, меандры, волны, пену, трещины, а также паттерны, созданные благодаря симметрии поворота и отражения. Все подобные паттерны имеют математически описываемую структуру, которая может быть выражена формулами, тем не менее математика сама по себе является поиском регулярностей, и любой конечный продукт применения функций является математическим паттерном.

Когда научные теории исследуют и предсказывают синхронно существующие регулярности в природе и обществе, то это и есть выявление паттернов.

В искусстве и архитектуре для получения определенного устойчивого воздействия декорации и различные визуальные элементы могут комбинироваться и повторяться, образуя паттерны.

В компьютерных науках шаблоны проектирования являются широко используемым решением большого класса проблем программирования.

Под паттерном в медицине понимают устойчивую комбинацию результатов исследований или других признаков (например, симптомов) при сходных жалобах пациента или у больных одной нозологии. Понятие «паттерн» включает несколько признаков (симптомов). Синдром включает один или несколько паттернов. Болезнь включает один или несколько синдромов.

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From earlier patten, paterne, from Middle English patron (“patron; example”), from Old French patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus (“patron”). Doublet of patron.

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpatən/, (younger also) /ˈpatn̩/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈpætɚn/
• Rhymes: -ætə(ɹ)n
• Homophones: paten, patten, Patton (some non-rhotic accents)

Noun[edit]

pattern (plural patterns)

1. Model, example.
   1. Something from which a copy is made; a model or outline. [from 14th c.]

      Synonyms: original, stencil, template

      • 1923, ‘President Wilson’, Time, 18 Jun 1923:

        There is no reason why all colleges and universities should be cut to the same pattern.

   2. Someone or something seen as an example to be imitated; an exemplar. [from 15th c.]
      • 1793, Hester Piozzi, Thraliana, 19 March:

        Well! the King of France died pardoning & pitying all those who had tortured his Soul & Body, a great Pattern for us all.

      • 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

        I write this to repeat most earnestly for myself all that she said to you and to let you know how sure I am that you will sooner or later find our cousin John a pattern of truth, sincerity, and goodness, when you will deeply, deeply grieve to have done him (without intending it) so much wrong.

      • 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.16:

        The Platonic Socrates was a pattern to subsequent philosophers for many ages.

   3. (now rare) A copy. [from 15th c.]
   4. (now only numismatics) A sample; of coins, an example which was struck but never minted. [from 16th c.]
   5. A representative example. [from 16th c.]
   6. (US) The material needed to make a piece of clothing. [from 17th c.]
   7. (textiles) The paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling.
   8. (metalworking, dated) A full-sized model around which a mould of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mould without damage.

      • 1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 341:

        From this point those who became pupils went on to a further series of shops, usually commencing with the pattern shop. […] However, some of us did make quite reasonable patterns and had the satisfaction of seeing castings produced from them but, sad to say, many of these efforts were used as firewood after they had left the shop.

      • 2022 December 14, Robin Leleux, “A royal occasion as heritage projects honoured: Kettering”, in RAIL, number 972, page 56:

        But instead, the distinctive ironwork and glass platform awnings have been carefully refurbished, while making them compatible with the overhead wiring. Kettering’s island Platform 2/3 is especially noteworthy. Although it dates from 1879, when the station was enlarged to four platforms, the same original (1857) patterns for the delicate cast-ironwork seem to have been used — […] .

   9. (computing) A text string containing wildcards, used for matching.

      There were no files matching the pattern *.txt.

   10. (software engineering, in compounds) A design pattern.
2. Coherent or decorative arrangement.
   1. A design, motif or decoration, especially formed from regular repeated elements. [from 16th c.]

      Synonym: (when formed from regular repeated elements) tessellation

      • 2003, Valentino, ‘Is there a future in fashion’s past?’, Time, 5 Feb 2003:

        On my way to work the other day, I stopped at a church in Rome and saw a painting of the Madonna. The subtle pattern of blues and golds in the embroidery of her dress was so amazing that I used it to design a new evening dress for my haute couture.

   2. A naturally-occurring or random arrangement of shapes, colours etc. which have a regular or decorative effect. [from 19th c.]
      • 2011, Rachel Cooke, The Observer, 19 Jun 2011:

        He lifted the entire joint or fowl up into the air, speared on a carving fork, and sliced pieces off it so that they fell on the plate below in perfectly organised patterns.

   3. The given spread, range etc. of shot fired from a gun. [from 19th c.]
   4. A particular sequence of events, facts etc. which can be understood, used to predict the future, or seen to have a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship. [from 19th c.]
      • 1980, ‘Shifting Targets’, Time, 6 Oct 1980:

        The three killings pointed to an ugly new shift in the enduring pattern of violence in Northern Ireland: the mostly Protestant Ulster police, or those suspected of affiliation with them, have become more prominent targets for the I.R.A. than the British troops.

      • 2003, Kate Hudson, The Guardian, 14 Aug 2003:

        Look again at how the US and its allies behaved then, and the pattern is unmistakable.

   5. (linguistics) An intelligible arrangement in a given area of language.
   6. (computing, music) A sequence of notes, percussion etc. in a tracker module, usable once or many times within the song.
      • 2008, Karen Collins, Game Sound (page 59)

        Pattern 10 is open in figure 3.9, showing the 64 notes in the pattern (each pattern in this song has 64 beats).

      • 2017, Gerard Goggin, Mark McLelland, The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories (page 444)

        A MOD file contains a number of short audio samples, and instructions or a “pattern” for how and when those samples are to be played.

Synonyms[edit]

• (3): category
• (4): cycle
• (5): similarity
• See also Thesaurus:model

Antonyms[edit]

• antipattern

Derived terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

模範

Verb[edit]

pattern (third-person singular simple present patterns, present participle patterning, simple past and past participle patterned)

1. To apply a pattern.
2. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate.

   • 1634, T[homas] H[erbert], A Relation of Some Yeares Travaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC:

     [A temple] patterned […] from that which Adam reared in Paradise.

3. To follow an example.
4. To fit into a pattern.
5. (transitive) To serve as an example for.
6. (hunting, transitive) To observe an animal closely over time in order to discern its habitual movements and behaviours.

Synonyms[edit]

• model
• categorize

Translations[edit]

Adjective[edit]

pattern (not comparable)

1. Of or in accordance with a usual pattern, or type; model; ideal.

   • 1838 (date written)​, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 168-169:

     «Not to me,» interrupted his sister. «I will have no straw-bonneted, gingham-gowned pattern wives in my acquaintance. I shall make a point of cutting you.»

   • 1861, Anthony Trollope, Framley Parsonage

     The parish duty was better attended to, and perhaps domestic duties also. At such period he was a pattern parson and a pattern husband, atoning to his own conscience for past shortcomings by present zeal.

References[edit]

• pattern on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams[edit]

• reptant

• 1
  pattern
  
  

  Англо-русский словарь строительных терминов > pattern

• 2
  pattern
  
  

  pattern 1. структура, конфигурация; 2. особенность, характер; 3. паттерн, образ жизни; манера поведения; 4. узор, рисунок; 5. тип, способ

  fixed action pattern фиксированная последовательность действий; фиксированная последовательность движений

  immune pattern структура, обеспечивающая иммунологическую специфичность

  English-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > pattern

• 3
  pattern
  
  

  •• Pattern… way in which something happens, develops, is arranged, etc. (A.S. Hornby).

  •• Это одно из тех слов, с которыми мы мучаемся всю жизнь, – они постоянно ставят нас в трудное положение и приходится искать более или менее приличный выход из него. Несколько примеров, показывающих, что этот орешек нелегко расколоть даже опытному переводчику, особенно если приходится работать в цейтнотном режиме устного перевода.
  
  •• 1. [1996] could be a global pattern-maker (Economist);
  
  •• 2. The answers to 1996’s questions will produce all sorts of possible patterns (Economist);
  
  •• 3. The whole book forms a rich and subtle yet highly organized pattern (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary);
  
  •• 4. The development on earth of five or six major languages… would strike our imaginary observer as a profoundly natural, indeed inevitable pattern (G. Steiner).
  
  •• За исключением «технических» значений этого слова, которые нужно просто знать (например, выкройка, образец (ткани), шаблон), pattern – типичное слово с широкой семантикой. Иногда советуют «просто не переводить такие слова», ибо какое-либо реальное значение из них просто «выветрилось». Совет не такой уж плохой, хотя надо всегда помнить, что мы переводим не слова, а смыслы и их сочетания. В какой-то мере этот совет помогает найти выход из положения в примерах 3 и 4: 3. Книга отличается богатым и тонким содержанием и прекрасной организацией материала. 4. Гипотетическому наблюдателю показалось бы, что в возникновении на земле пяти-шести основных языков есть нечто вполне естественное и даже неизбежное. Но владение таким приемом все же не раскрывает «секрет» этого слова. Не слишком помогают и некоторые словари. В них мы найдем некоторый набор возможных переводов (образец, пример, шаблон, форма, модель, схема, манера, узор, рисунок и т.д. и т.п.) или довольно дробное описание «значений» этого слова (в действительности не значений, а просто вариантов словоупотребления).
  
  •• Мне кажется, что на самом деле значений у этого слова не так много, и главное из них прекрасно характеризуется определением из Webster’s Third New International Dictionary: a reliable sample of traits, acts, or other observable features. Еще одно полезное для переводчика определение (из Oxford American Dictionary): a way in which something develops, happens, is arranged, etc. Из этих определений выводятся и слова русского языка, которые подойдут во многих контекстах: явление, особенность(и), практика, постоянный. Например, new patterns of family life – новые явления (тенденции) в семейной жизни; patterns of behavior – особенности поведения; personality patterns – особенности (психологии) личности. В примере 3. …предопределят самые различные явления в будущем. Разумеется, речь идет лишь о возможных переводах, а не о рецептах на все случаи жизни. Они не освобождают переводчика от необходимости думать, искать. Как говорится, «возможны варианты», иногда самые неожиданные. В примере 1 можно попробовать так: 1996 год может оказаться рубежным для всей планеты. В примере 2: Ответы на вопросы 1996 года могут породить самые различные сценарии развития событий. Трудное для перевода на английский слово закономерность может пригодиться при переводе английского pattern: In Indochina… all previous patterns of America’s involvement abroad were shattered (Henry Kissinger). – В Индокитае были опровергнуты все прежние закономерности американского участия в мировых делах. Очень важен широкий контекст. Например, в статье в журнале Business Week в предложении These patterns change only gradually слово pattern трудно перевести иначе как соотношения. (Интересный пример со словом pattern см. также во вступительном разделе – Вместо предисловия.)
  

  English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > pattern

• 4
  pattern
  
  

  pattern [ˊpætn]

  2) систе́ма, структу́ра;

  pattern of trade структу́ра или хара́ктер торго́вли, систе́ма торго́вых свя́зей

  3) вы́кройка;

  4) образе́ц, приме́р

  5) моде́ль, шабло́н

  6) обра́зчик

  

  амер.

  отре́з, купо́н на пла́тье

  10)

  attr.

  образцо́вый, приме́рный

  1) де́лать по образцу́, копи́ровать (after, on, upon)

  2) украша́ть узо́ром

  3)

  редк.

  сле́довать приме́ру (by)

  Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > pattern

• 5
  pattern
  
  

  Персональный Сократ > pattern

• 6
  PATTERN
  
  

  English-Russian dictionary of modern abbreviations > PATTERN

• 7
  pattern
  
  

  5) метал. форма

  6) моделировать; копировать

  12) схема; диаграмма

  16) схема (сейсмической) группы; (сейсмическая) группа; расстановка в (сейсмической) группе

  18) код; кодовая комбинация

  •

  Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > pattern

• 8
  pattern
  
  

  English-Russian electronics dictionary > pattern

• 9
  pattern
  
  

  The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > pattern

• 10
  pattern
  
  

  Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > pattern

• 11
  pattern
  
  

  форма; схема; структура; картина; маршрут ; диаграмма; спектр ; характеристика; модель; образец, эталон; шаблон; выч. кодовый рисунок

  360° pattern — маршрут захода на посадку [заход на посадку] с разворотом па 360° (над ВПП)

  Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > pattern

• 12
  pattern
  
  

  Англо-русский технический словарь > pattern

• 13
  pattern
  
  

  English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > pattern

• 14
  pattern
  
  

  English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > pattern

• 15
  pattern
  
  

  1) рисунок; узор; картина

  3) диаграмма; схема

  4) конфигурация; строение; структура

  5) модель; образец; трафарет; шаблон

  6) комбинация; набор

  формировать изображение; наносить рисунок

  •

  
  — field strength pattern

  English-Russian scientific dictionary > pattern

• 16
  pattern
  
  

  1. n образец, пример

  2. n спец. образец, шаблон

  3. n спец. форма, модель

  4. n схема, диаграмма

  5. n выкройка

  6. n образчик

  7. n образ; манера

  8. n спец. паттерн

  9. n рисунок, узор

  10. n амер. отрез, купон на платье

  11. n ирл. день храмового святого

  12. n ирл. храмовой праздник

  13. n геол. структура, форма, строение

  14. n геол. кристаллическая решётка

  15. n геол. непринятая модель монеты

  16. n геол. ав. площадь бомбардировки

  17. n геол. воен. площадь рассеивания, распределение попаданий

  18. v делать по образцу, копировать

  19. v украшать узором

  20. v следовать примеру, брать за образец

  Синонимический ряд:

  1. decoration (noun) decoration; design; device; figure; formation; motif; motive; ornament; trim

  2. example (noun) archetype; beau ideal; ensample; example; exemplar; guide; ideal; mirror; model; original; paradigm; paragon; phenomenon; standard; stereotype

  3. form (noun) cast; configuration; form; format; shape

  6. order (noun) method; order; orderliness; plan; system

  8. model (verb) copy; duplicate; emulate; fashion; follow; imitate; model

  Антонимический ряд:

  monstrosity; originate; perversion

  English-Russian base dictionary > pattern

• 17
  pattern
  
  

  1. образец, образчик; служить образцом

  2. модель; шаблон; трафарет; выкройка

  3. рисунок; узор

  4. растровая структура; изображение

  5. диаграмма; схема

  6. структура; строение

  7. точечная структура

  8. изображение, образованное точками

  dot matrix pattern — изображение, образованное точками матрицы или матричной системы

  9. линейный муар

  10. штриховой тест-объект

  11. узор, образуемый линованием

  12. шаблон для линования

  test pattern — испытательный эталон, контрольный образец

  toner pattern — рисунок, проявленный красителем-тонером

  English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > pattern

• 18
  pattern
  
  

  [ˈpætən]

  arrival pattern вчт. структура входящего потока bit pattern вчт. двоичный код chance pattern случайная модель cyclical pattern схема периодической изменчивости data-dependent pattern вчт. информационно- зависимая схема data-independent pattern вчт. информационно- независимая схема dot pattern вчт. растр employment patterns структура занятости; типы занятости exhaustive pattern вчт. исчерпывающий набор idle pattern вчт. холостая комбинация keyboard layout pattern вчт. схема расположения клавиш на клавиатуре line pattern вчт. конфигурация линий связи liquidity pattern модель ликвидности loading pattern вчт. схема загрузки match-all pattern вчт. универсальный образец maturity pattern структура сроков платежа message pattern вчт. образец сообщения pattern выкройка; to take a pattern of скопировать; снять выкройку (с чего-л.) pattern делать по образцу, копировать (after, on, upon) pattern вчт. конфигурация pattern метал. модель (для литья) pattern модель, шаблон pattern модель pattern образ, пример pattern образец, пример pattern образец pattern образчик pattern амер. отрез, купон на платье pattern пример pattern рисунок, узор (на материи и т. п.) pattern система, структура; pattern of life образ жизни; pattern of trade структура или характер торговли, система торговых связей pattern система pattern редк. следовать примеру (by) pattern стереотип pattern стиль, характер (литературного произведения и т. п.) pattern структура pattern схема pattern тенденция pattern украшать узором pattern форма pattern характер pattern шаблон pattern attr. образцовый, примерный pattern of calculation вчт. схема вычисления pattern of consumption структура потребления pattern of growth вчт. модель роста pattern система, структура; pattern of life образ жизни; pattern of trade структура или характер торговли, система торговых связей pattern of placements структура размещения капитала pattern of queue вчт. структура системы массового обслуживания pattern система, структура; pattern of life образ жизни; pattern of trade структура или характер торговли, система торговых связей pattern of variability модель изменчивости payments pattern структура платежей placement pattern структура размещения капитала preference pattern вчт. система предпочтений profit pattern структура прибыли scanning pattern вчт. растр search pattern вчт. схема поиска service pattern вчт. модель обслуживания service pattern вчт. распределение времени обслуживания social pattern модель общества space pattern пространственная диаграмма space pattern трехмерное изображение pattern выкройка; to take a pattern of скопировать; снять выкройку (с чего-л.) temporal pattern временная картина temporal pattern временная структура test pattern вчт. тестовый шаблон trading pattern структура торговли

  English-Russian short dictionary > pattern

• 19
  pattern
  
  

  1. структура, форма, строение 2. узор; рисунок 3. тип
  pattern of dikes система даек
  pattern of fault тип сброса
  abundance pattern характер распространения (ископаемых организмов, минеральных ассоциаций)
  age pattern данные определения геологического возраста
  angulate drainage pattern угловатая гидрографическая сеть
  annular drainage pattern кольцевая гидрографическая сеть
  barbed drainage pattern бородообразная гидрографическая сеть
  braided drainage pattern разветвлённая гидрографическая сеть
  centrifugal drainage pattern радиальная гидрографическая сеть
  centripetal drainage pattern центростремительная гидрографическая сеть
  channel pattern рисунок русла
  СМ pattern система точечного опробования
  complex drainage pattern сложная гидрографическая сеть
  concentric pattern концентрический рисунок (напр. в районе распространения кольцевых структур)
  crack pattern форма [рисунок] трещин
  deformation pattern план деформации
  dendritic drainage pattern разветвлённая гидрографическая сеть
  dense well spacing pattern плотная сетка размещения скважин
  diffraction pattern дифракционная картина
  dispersal pattern характер рассеяния
  drainage pattern форма [рисунок] гидрографической сети
  erosional pattern эрозионная сеть, рисунок эрозионных врезов
  flight pattern схема полётов для выполнения геофизических исследований
  flow pattern характер движения потока (воды, ледника, селя)
  fracture pattern рисунок распространения трещин
  grapevine drainage pattern решётчатая гидрографическая сеть
  interlacing drainage pattern разветвлённая гидрографическая сеть
  joint pattern система трещиноватости
  lattice drainage pattern прямоугольная гидрографическая сеть
  Laue pattern лауэграмма
  moire pattern муаровая структура
  mutual boundary pattern очертания взаимных границ (между двумя минералами)
  paleodrainage pattern рисунок древней речной сети, система палеостока
  parallel drainage pattern параллельная гидрографическая сеть
  pinnate drainage pattern перистая гидрографическая сеть
  plaster pattern гипсовый слепок
  powder pattern порошковая дифрактограмма
  radial drainage pattern радиальная гидрографичеcкая сеть
  rectangular drainage pattern прямоугольная гидрографическая сеть
  scallop pattern фестончатость
  secondary dispersion pattern рисунок [схема] вторично рассеянного оруденения
  soil pattern уст., см. patterned ground
  star pattern расстановка сейсмоприёмников в виде пяти или шестиконечной звезды
  stream pattern форма [конфигурация] речной сети
  stress pattern распределение напряжений, схема поля напряжений
  tectonic pattern тектоническое строение
  time pattern диаграмма времени
  trellis drainage pattern прямоугольная гидрографическая сеть
  valley pattern тип речной долины; характер речной долины
  Weissenberg pattern крист. вейссенбергограмма
  well pattern сетка размещения скважин
  X-ray diffraction pattern рентгенограмма
  X-ray powder pattern порошковая рентгенограмма, дебаеграмма
  paucilithionite пауцилитионит (разновидность лепидолита)

  * * *

  English-Russian dictionary of geology > pattern

• 20
  pattern
  
  

  English-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > pattern