The meaning of the word dog

English[edit]

A dog (a Labrador retriever)

Alternative forms[edit]

  • darg, dawg, dug (dialectal)
  • doggie, doggy (childish)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /dɒɡ/
  • («a dog»)
  • (US) enPR: dôg, IPA(key): /dɔɡ/
  • (cotcaught merger, Canada) IPA(key): /dɑɡ/
  • Rhymes: -ɒɡ

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English dogge[1] (whence also Scots dug (dog)), from Old English dogga, docga,[2][3] of uncertain origin.

The original meaning seems to have been a common dog, as opposed to a well-bred one, or something like ‘cur’, and perhaps later came to be used for stocky dogs. Possibly a pet-form diminutive with suffix -ga (compare frocga (frog), *picga (pig)), appended to a base *dog-, *doc- of unclear origin and meaning. One possibility is Old English dox (dark, swarthy) (compare frocga from frox).[4] Another proposal is that it derives from Proto-West Germanic *dugan (to be suitable), the origin of Old English dugan (to be good, worthy, useful), English dow, German taugen. The theory goes that it could have been an epithet for dogs, commonly used by children, meaning «good/useful animal.»[5]. Another is that it is related to *docce (stock, muscle), from Proto-West Germanic *dokkā (round mass, ball, muscle, doll), whence English dock (stumpy tail).

In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype resembling the modern mastiff and bulldog.[6] By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to breeds used for hunting.[7] In the 16th century, the word dog was adopted by several continental European languages as their word for mastiff.[8]

Noun[edit]

dog (plural dogs)

  1. A mammal of the family Canidae:
    1. The species Canis familiaris (sometimes designated Canis lupus familiaris), domesticated for thousands of years and of highly variable appearance because of human breeding.
      • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

        The preposterous altruism too! [] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

      • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess[4]:

        When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him.  [] . The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain.

      The dog barked all night long.

    2. Any member of the family Canidae, including domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, and their relatives (extant and extinct); canid.
      • 1989, John L. Gittleman, Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, page 561:

        This includes the development of hyena-like bone crushers (Osteoborus and Borophagus), a large bone-crushing hunting dog (Aelurodon), and another borophagine frugivorous dog (Carpocyon).

    3. (often attributive) A male dog, wolf, or fox, as opposed to a bitch or vixen.
      • 1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin 2013, page 149:
        Firstly, he was there to encourage and assist the hounds (a scratch pack – mostly dog-hounds drafted from fox-hound kennels because they were over-sized) […].
  2. The meat of this animal, eaten as food:

    Did you know that in South Korea, they eat dog?

  3. A person:
    1. (slang, derogatory) A dull, unattractive girl or woman.

      She’s a real dog.

    2. (slang) A man, guy, chap.

      You lucky dog!

    3. (derogatory) Someone who is cowardly, worthless, or morally reprehensible.

      Come back and fight, you dogs!

      You dirty dog.

      • 1599, Robert Greene, Alphonsus, King of Aragon (1599). Act 3.
        Blasphemous dog, I wonder that the earth / Doth cease from renting vnderneath thy feete, / To swallow vp those cankred corpes of thine.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, [] (King James Version), London: [] Robert Barker, [], →OCLC, 2 Kings 8:13, column 1:

        And Hazael ſaid, But what, is thy ſeruant a dogge, that he ſhould doe this great thing?

      • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

        [A]t last Mahomed’s stood straight up upon its vertebræ, and glared at me through its empty eyeholes, and cursed me with its grinning jaws, because I, a dog of a Christian, disturbed the last sleep of a true believer.

    4. (slang) A sexually aggressive man.
      • 2005, Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, and Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), “Stay Fly”, in Most Known Unknown[5], Sony BMG, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG):

        DJ Paul is a dog; one you do not trust.

  4. A mechanical device or support:
    1. Any of various mechanical devices for holding, gripping, or fastening something, particularly with a tooth-like projection.
      • 2009, ForestWorks, Chainsaw Operator’s Manual, page 41:

        Whenever possible, let the tree support the weight of the chainsaw. Pivot the saw, using the saw’s dogs (spikes) as a fulcrum.

    2. A click or pallet adapted to engage the teeth of a ratchet wheel, to restrain the back action.
      Synonyms: click, pallet, pawl, ratchet
    3. A metal support for logs in a fireplace.

      The dogs were too hot to touch.

      • 1902, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles
        In the great old-fashioned fireplace behind the high iron dogs a log-fire crackled and snapped.
  5. (cartomancy) The eighteenth Lenormand card.
  6. A hot dog: a frankfurter, wiener, or similar sausage; or a sandwich made from this.
    • 1994 July 21, Faye Fiore, “Congress relishes another franking privilege: Meat lobby puts on the dog with exclusive luncheon for lawmakers – experts on pork”, in Los Angeles Times[6]:

      Congressmen gleefully wolfed down every imaginable version of the hot dog – smoked kielbasas, jumbo grillers, Big & Juicy’s, kosher dogs and spiced dogs []

  7. (poker slang) Underdog.
  8. (slang, almost always in the plural) Foot.
    My dogs are barking!My feet hurt!
  9. (Cockney rhyming slang) (from «dog and bone») Phone or mobile phone.

    My dog is dead.

    My mobile-phone battery has run out of charge and is no longer able to function.
  10. One of the cones used to divide up a racetrack when training horses.
  11. (informal) Something that performs poorly.
    • 1885, Robert H. Codrington, The Melanesian Languages (page 143)
      He gives his dog-Mota or dog-Fiji in exchange for Pigeon English.

    That modification turned his Dodge hemi into a dog.

    1. (film) A flop; a film that performs poorly at the box office.
      • 1969, Ski (volume 34, number 4, page 121)
        Blue was released, and as Redford had predicted, it was a dog.
      • 2012, Ronald L. Davis, Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne
        «When The Alamo was coming out, the word of mouth on it was that it was a dog,» Chase said.
Synonyms[edit]
  • (animal): taxonomic names: Canis familiaris, Canis domesticus, Canis familiarus domesticus, Canis canis, Canis aegyptius, Canis familiarus aegyptius, Canis melitaeus, Canis familiarus melitaeus, Canis molossus, Canis familiarus molossus, Canis saultor, Canis familiaris saultor
  • (animal): domestic dog, hound, canine; see also Thesaurus:dog
  • (male): stud, sire
  • (man): bloke (British), chap (British), dude, fellow, guy, man; see also Thesaurus:man
  • (morally reprehensible person): cad, bounder, blackguard, fool, hound, heel, scoundrel
  • (mechanical device): click, detent, pawl
  • (metal support for logs): andiron, fire dog, dogiron
Hypernyms[edit]
  • (animal): canid
Hyponyms[edit]
  • (animal):
  • Afghan hound
  • bloodhound
  • chihuahua
  • coonhound
  • dachshund
  • deerhound
  • foxhound
  • gazehound
  • German shepherd
  • greyhound
  • hound
  • Irish wolfhound
  • Norwegian elkhound
  • otterhound
  • pointer
  • poodle
  • retriever
  • Russian wolfhound
  • scenthound
  • setter
  • sheepdog
  • shepherd
  • sighthound
  • spaniel
  • staghound
  • terrier
  • wolfhound
Coordinate terms[edit]
  • (male adult dog): bitch, pup, puppy
Derived terms[edit]
  • a hit dog will holler
  • aid dog
  • alpha dog
  • Alsatian dog
  • an old dog for a hard road
  • and your little dog too
  • arson dog
  • as sick as a dog
  • assistance dog
  • attack dog
  • avalanche dog
  • badger dog
  • bait dog
  • barking dogs never bite, barking dogs seldom bite
  • bench dog
  • Bernese mountain dog
  • beware of dog
  • beware of the dog
  • Big Dog
  • big dog of the tanyard
  • bird dog, bird-dog
  • black dog
  • bottom dog
  • bulldog
  • bush dog
  • buy a dog and bark oneself
  • cadaver dog
  • call off the dogs
  • Canaan dog
  • Carolina dog
  • cash-sniffing dog
  • cat-and-dog, cat and dog
  • cats and dogs
  • cattle dog
  • cheese dog
  • Chicago dog
  • chili dog, chilli dog
  • choke-dog
  • Chongqing dog
  • clever old dog
  • companion dog
  • corn dog
  • corndog
  • coy dog
  • cunning dog
  • curtail dog
  • dagwood dog
  • Danish dog
  • designer dog
  • detection dog
  • devil dog
  • diner’s dog
  • dirty dog
  • dog act
  • dog and bone
  • dog and cat
  • dog and maggot
  • dog and pony show
  • dog around
  • dog ass
  • dog attack
  • dog bag
  • dog basket
  • dog bed
  • dog biscuit
  • dog bone
  • dog book
  • dog bread
  • dog cart, dog-cart
  • dog chew
  • dog collar
  • dog coupling
  • dog crate
  • dog curtain
  • dog daisy
  • dog dander
  • dog dandruff
  • dog day
  • dog days
  • dog dirt
  • dog doctor
  • dog door
  • dog eared
  • dog eat dog, dog-eat-dog
  • dog fight
  • dog flap
  • dog flea
  • dog flu
  • dog fly
  • dog fouling
  • dog fox
  • dog fur
  • dog grass
  • dog guide
  • dog hair
  • dog handler
  • dog heavy
  • dog hook
  • dog house
  • dog hunter
  • dog hutch
  • dog in the hunt
  • dog in the manger, dog-in-the-manger
  • dog influenza
  • dog it
  • dog killer
  • dog Latin, Dog Latin
  • dog lead, dog-lead
  • dog leash, dog-leash
  • dog minder
  • dog minding
  • dog musher
  • dog my cats
  • dog nail
  • dog officer
  • dog out
  • dog park
  • dog parsley
  • dog poo
  • dog poop
  • dog pound
  • dog racing
  • dog robber
  • dog roll
  • dog rope
  • dog rose
  • dog rough
  • dog run
  • dog salmon
  • dog scooter
  • dog screw
  • dog shot
  • dog sit, dog-sit
  • dog sledge
  • dog sleep
  • dog slow
  • dog soldier
  • dog somebody’s steps
  • Dog Star
  • dog station
  • dog tag
  • dog tapeworm
  • dog tax
  • dog team
  • dog tent
  • dog that caught the car
  • dog tick
  • dog town
  • dog trick
  • dog tucker
  • dog vomit slime mold
  • dog walk, dogwalk
  • dog warden
  • dog wheat
  • dog whelk
  • dog whisperer
  • dog whistle, dog-whistle
  • dog work
  • dog world
  • dog year
  • dog-and-pony show
  • dog-ape, dog ape
  • dog-bee
  • dog-belt
  • dog-bludgeoner
  • dog-brier
  • dog-cheap
  • dog-cherry
  • dog-child
  • dog-day
  • dog-doo
  • dog-end
  • dog-faced baboon
  • dog-fox
  • dog-friendly
  • dog-headed
  • dog-hearted
  • dog-laurel
  • dog-nose
  • dog-nosed
  • dog-shot
  • dog-stone
  • dog-tired, dog tired
  • dog-violet, dog violet
  • dog-watch, dog watch
  • dog-weary
  • dogbane
  • dogberry
  • Dogberry
  • dogberryism, Dogberryism
  • dogcatcher, dog-catcher
  • dogcatching
  • dogcheap
  • dogdom
  • dogear, dog-ear, dog ear
  • dogette
  • dogface
  • dogfight
  • dogfish
  • dogfood, dog-food, dog food
  • dogfought
  • Dogg
  • dogged
  • dogger
  • doggerel
  • doggery
  • doggie
  • doggish
  • doggo
  • doggone
  • doggoned
  • doggrel
  • doggy
  • doggy dog
  • doghead
  • doghood
  • doghouse
  • dogiron
  • dogitude
  • dogleg
  • dogless
  • doglike
  • dogling
  • dogly
  • dogman, dog man
  • dognap
  • dognaper, dognapper
  • dognapping
  • dognaps
  • dogness
  • dogpaddle, dog-paddle, dog paddle
  • dogpile, dog-pile, dog pile
  • dogpoor
  • dogrel
  • dogs
  • dog’s breakfast
  • dog’s chance
  • dog’s dinner
  • dog’s dirt
  • dogs have masters, cats have staff
  • dog’s letter
  • dog’s life
  • dog’s mercury
  • dog’s mess
  • dog’s muck
  • dogs of war
  • dogs-bane
  • dog’s-ear
  • dog’s-tail
  • dog’s-tongue
  • dog’s-tooth
  • dogsbody
  • dogshit, dog shit
  • dogshore
  • dogsitter
  • dogsitting
  • dogsled
  • dogsledder
  • dogsledding
  • dogspeak
  • dogspike, dog spike
  • dogtooth, dog-tooth, dog tooth
  • dogtrot
  • dogvane
  • dogwalker, dog-walker, dog walker
  • dogwalking, dog-walking, dog walking
  • dogwash
  • dogwatch
  • dogwhip, dog-whip
  • dogwood
  • don’t keep a dog and bark yourself
  • dope dog
  • double-dog dare, double-dog-dare, double dog dare
  • down dog
  • downward dog
  • downward-facing dog
  • drug dog
  • Dulux dog
  • earth dog
  • every dog has his day
  • every dog has its day
  • every dog must have his day
  • every dog must have its day
  • everybody and his dog, everybody and their dog, everyone and his dog, everyone and their dog
  • feed dog
  • feist dog
  • fice dog
  • fight like cat and dog
  • fire dogs
  • firedog, fire dog
  • fit as a butcher’s dog
  • flat dog
  • flip dog
  • fogdog
  • foo dog, fu dog
  • fuck the dog
  • Fuegian dog
  • gag a dog off a gut wagon
  • gay dog
  • give a dog a bad name
  • go to the dogs
  • Goyet dog
  • Greater Dog
  • guarddog, guard-dog, guard dog
  • guide dog
  • gun dog
  • gutter dog
  • hair of the dog
  • hair of the dog that bit one
  • Hallstrom’s dog
  • hang dog, hang-dog
  • have a dog and bark oneself
  • have a dog in the fight
  • hearing dog
  • hearing-ear dog
  • helper dog
  • herding dog
  • hop dog
  • horn dog, horn-dog
  • hot diggety dog, hot diggity dog
  • hotdog, hot-dog, hot dog
  • hotdogged, hot-dogged, hot dogged
  • hotdogger, hot-dogger
  • hotdoggery
  • hound dog
  • house dog
  • hunting dog
  • hyena dog
  • Iceland dog
  • idle as Ludlam’s dog
  • if you lie with dogs you will get fleas
  • in a dog’s age
  • in the dog box
  • in the doghouse
  • Isle of Dogs
  • it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog
  • it’s the hit dog that howls
  • Jeju dog
  • junkyard dog
  • junkyard-dog
  • kaffir dog
  • kangaroo dog
  • keep a dog and bark oneself
  • kick a dog when it’s down
  • knock a dog off a gut wagon
  • lapdog, lap-dog, lap dog
  • lazy as Ludlam’s dog
  • lazy dog
  • lead dog
  • let sleeping dogs lie, let the sleeping dogs lie
  • let the dog see the rabbit
  • lie doggo
  • lie like a dog
  • like a dog in heat
  • like a dog on heat
  • like a dog with a bone
  • like a dog with two tails
  • like a scalded dog
  • lion dog
  • little dog syndrome
  • log dog
  • look for a dog to kick
  • lucky dog
  • mad dog, mad-dog
  • man bites dog
  • miller’s dog
  • moon dog
  • New Guinea singing dog
  • not dog
  • not enough to hang a dog on
  • on the Internet nobody knows you’re a dog
  • one man and a dog, one man and his dog
  • one-dog night
  • painted dog
  • pariah dog
  • pelt of the dog
  • penny dog
  • pi-dog
  • pie-dog, pye-dog
  • pig dog
  • plum pudding dog
  • polar dog
  • police dog
  • pour cats and dogs, pour dogs and cats
  • prairie dog
  • pug dog, pug-dog
  • Pungsan dog
  • puppy dog, puppy-dog
  • put on the dog, put on dog
  • raccoon dog
  • raft dog
  • rain cats and dogs, rain dogs and cats, rain like cats and dogs
  • rat dog
  • raw dog
  • red dog
  • rescue dog
  • river dog
  • roundabout dog
  • running dog
  • salty dog
  • sausage dog
  • seadog, sea dog, sea-dog
  • see a man about a dog
  • seeing eye dog
  • seeing-eye dog
  • seizure dog
  • service dog
  • setting dog
  • shaggy dog story, shaggy-dog story
  • she-dog
  • sheepdog, sheep dog
  • shelter dog
  • shepherd dog
  • short-eared dog
  • show dog
  • sick as a dog
  • singing dog
  • skittle-dog
  • sled dog
  • sleep like a dog
  • sleuth dog, sleuth-dog
  • sling dog
  • sly dog
  • small dog syndrome
  • sniffer dog
  • snowdog
  • sod a dog
  • spotted dog
  • stink a dog off a gut wagon
  • storm cats and dogs
  • stray dog
  • Sulimov dog
  • sundog, sun dog
  • support dog
  • swing dog
  • tail wagging the dog
  • teacup dog
  • that dog don’t run
  • that dog won’t hunt
  • that old dog won’t hunt
  • the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
  • the whole world and his dog
  • there’s life in the old dog yet
  • three-dog night
  • throw to the dogs
  • tin dog
  • tinned dog
  • too much pudding will choke a dog
  • top dog
  • toy dog
  • triple dog dare
  • try it on the dog
  • try it out on the dog
  • turnspit dog
  • two men and a dog
  • underdog
  • until the last dog is hung
  • upward-facing dog
  • veggiedog, veggie dog
  • Velcro dog
  • wag the dog
  • walk the dog
  • war dog
  • waterdog, water dog
  • weiner dog, wiener dog
  • wheel dog
  • why keep a dog and bark yourself
  • wild dog
  • wolf dog
  • work dog
  • work like a dog
  • working dog
  • Yaghan dog
  • yallar dog, yaller dog
  • yard dog
  • yellow dog
  • you can’t teach an old dog new tricks
Descendants[edit]
  • Bislama: dog
  • Sranan Tongo: dagu
  • Tok Pisin: dok
  • American Sign Language: Kop@Inside-PalmForward 1o@Inside
  • Dutch: dog
  • Esperanto: dogo
  • French: dogue
  • German: Dogge
  • Ido: dogo
  • Kriol: dog
  • Portuguese: dogue
  • Russian: дог (dog)
  • Spanish: dogo
  • Volapük: dog, doeg
Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

dog (third-person singular simple present dogs, present participle dogging, simple past and past participle dogged)

  1. (transitive) To pursue with the intent to catch.
    Synonyms: chase, chase after, go after, pursue, tag, tail, track, trail
  2. (transitive) To follow in an annoying or harassing way.

    The woman cursed him so that trouble would dog his every step.

    • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, [], →OCLC:

      [] they were discovered in a very improper manner by the husband of the gypsy, who, from jealousy it seems, had kept a watchful eye over his wife, and had dogged her to the place, where he found her in the arms of her gallant.

    • 2012 January 1, Michael Riordan, “Tackling Infinity”, in American Scientist[7], volume 100, number 1, page 86:

      Some of the most beautiful and thus appealing physical theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, have been dogged for decades by infinities that erupt when theorists try to prod their calculations into new domains. Getting rid of these nagging infinities has probably occupied far more effort than was spent in originating the theories.

    • 2012 May 9, Jonathan Wilson, “Europa League: Radamel Falcao’s Atlético Madrid rout Athletic Bilbao”, in the Guardian[8]:

      But this is not an Athletic that ever looks comfortable at the back – a criticism that has often dogged Marcelo Bielsa’s sides.

    • 2021 June 21, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Executives See Cracks in Their Company’s Success”, in The New York Times[9], →ISSN:

      Yet Google, which was founded in 1998, is dogged by the perception that its best days are behind it.

  3. (transitive, nautical) To fasten a hatch securely.

    It is very important to dog down these hatches.

  4. (intransitive, emerging usage in Britain) To watch, or participate, in sexual activity in a public place.
    • 2012, The Onion Book of Known Knowledge, page 118:

      Lightning [is a] burst of charged particles that lights up the sky and allows onlookers to see who’s dogging in the bushes without using a flashlight.

    I admit that I like to dog at my local country park.

  5. (intransitive, transitive) To intentionally restrict one’s productivity as employee; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.
    Synonyms: soldier, goldbrick

    A surprise inspection of the night shift found that some workers were dogging it.

  6. (transitive) To criticize.
  7. (transitive, military) To divide (a watch) with a comrade.
    • 1902, Winfield Scott Schley, Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry
      A. We never stood 4 to 8 p.m. watches, sir. We dogged our watches.
      Q. I suppose that is 6 to 8 p.m., then; it is a little indistinct. I mean the second dog watch.
    • 2015, Tom Vetter, 30,000 Leagues Undersea
      Meanwhile, we dogged the watch sections so that both halves of the crew could fetch full sea bags of uniforms and gear []
Derived terms[edit]
  • all dogged up
Translations[edit]

to pursue with the intent to catch

to follow in an annoying way

to fasten a hatch securely

Etymology 2[edit]

Clipping of dogshit.

Adjective[edit]

dog (not comparable)

  1. (slang) Of inferior quality; dogshit.

See also[edit]

  • 🐕
  • Category:en:Canids
  • bark
  • canine
  • cynomorphic
  • cynomorphism
  • flea bag

Further reading[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hans Kurath, Sherman M. Kuhn, Middle English Dictionary (1962, →ISBN), page 4, page 1204
  2. ^ Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “docga”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ Laurel Brinton, Alexander Bergs, Old English (2017, →ISBN), page 59: «In addition, the velar [ɡɡ] and palatal [ɡɡj] geminates could be written as <gg> or <cg>, as in <dogga> ~ <docga> …»; Richard M. Hogg, Norman Francis Blake, The Cambridge History of the English Language (1992, →ISBN), volume 1, age 91 says much the same.
  4. ^ Piotr Gąsiorowski, 2006. The Etymology of Old English *docga. Indogermanische Forschungen, 111.
  5. ^ [1]
  6. ^ [2]
  7. ^ [3]
  8. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “dog”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams[edit]

  • God, god

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch docht.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dɔχ/

Verb[edit]

dog

  1. Alternative form of dag (preterite of dink)

Bislama[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English dog. Cognate with Tok Pisin dok.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈdoɡ/
  • Hyphenation: dog

Noun[edit]

dog

  1. dog

References[edit]

  • Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 37

Chinese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From English dog, which is translation of (gau2, dog), which is a homophone of (gau2, nine), which is a euphemism of (gau1, fucking; stupid).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): dok1, gau2

  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
      • Jyutping: dok1, gau2
      • Yale: dōk, gáu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dok7, gau2
      • Guangdong Romanization: dog1, geo2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːk̚⁵/, /kɐu̯³⁵/

Noun[edit]

dog

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, euphemistic) Alternative form of (gau1).

Adjective[edit]

dog

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, euphemistic) Alternative form of (gau1).

Derived terms[edit]

  • on dog
  • on dog dog

Etymology 2[edit]

From English dog.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): dok1

  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
      • Jyutping: dok1
      • Yale: dōk
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dok7
      • Guangdong Romanization: dog1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːk̚⁵/

Noun[edit]

dog

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) The name of the Latin-script letter D.
See also[edit]
  • boy

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Danish dogh, which was borrowed from Middle Low German doch, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þauh.

Adverb[edit]

dog

  1. however

    Det er dog ikke sikkert, at de taler sandt.

    It is, however, not certain that they are telling the truth.
  2. Conveying impressedness, emotional affectation, bewilderment.

    Hvor er den hund dog nuttet!

    How cute that dog is!

    Sikke dramatisk du dog kan fremstille sagen!

    How dramatically you can present the matter!

Conjunction[edit]

dog

  1. though

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English dog. Attested since the 16th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dɔx/
  • Hyphenation: dog
  • Rhymes: -ɔx
  • Homophone: doch

Noun[edit]

dog m (plural doggen, diminutive dogje n)

  1. A large dog, especially one of certain breeds.

Derived terms[edit]

  • Deense dog

Kriol[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English dog.

Noun[edit]

dog

  1. dog

Mbabaram[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From *dwog(a), from *udwoga, from *gudwaga, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *gudaga. Related to Dyirbal guda, Yidiny gudaga. False cognate of English dog.[1][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dɔɡ/[2]

Noun[edit]

dog

  1. dog

References[edit]

  1. ^ Language Hat, excerpting Dixon’s Memoirs of a Field Worker
  2. 2.0 2.1 Stephen R. Anderson, Languages: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2012), 36.

Navajo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection[edit]

dog

  1. thump, dub (sound of a heartbeat; thumping sound of a person walking on the roof of a house as heard by someone in the house)

Synonyms[edit]

  • tsʼidog

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Adverb[edit]

dog

  1. however

Conjunction[edit]

dog

  1. though

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English dog, from Middle English dogge, from Old English dogga, docga.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dɔk/
  • Rhymes: -ɔk
  • Syllabification: dog
  • Homophone: dok

Noun[edit]

dog m anim

  1. dogo-type dog

Declension[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • dog in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • dog in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈdɔ.ɡi/
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈdɔ.ɡe/

Noun[edit]

dog m (plural dogs)

  1. Clipping of hot dog.

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French dogue, from English dog.

Noun[edit]

dog m (plural dogi)

  1. mastiff

Declension[edit]

Declension of dog

singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) dog dogul (niște) dogi dogii
genitive/dative (unui) dog dogului (unor) dogi dogilor
vocative dogule dogilor

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /duːɡ/

Verb[edit]

dog

  1. past tense of .

Anagrams[edit]

  • god

Torres Strait Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English dog.

Noun[edit]

dog

  1. dog

Volapük[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English dog.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [doɡ]

Noun[edit]

dog (nominative plural dogs)

  1. (male or female) dog

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

  • bludadog
  • dafadog
  • dogacek
  • dogadom
  • dogahipul
  • dogajipul
  • dogakek
  • dogalecek
  • dogalif
  • dogalucek
  • dogarosad
  • dogarosadabimül
  • dogem
  • dogibrid
  • dogibridan
  • dogibridöp
  • dogihibridan
  • dogihikälan
  • dogijibridan
  • dogijikälan
  • dogik
  • dogikolär
  • dogikälan
  • dogil
  • dogilik
  • doginulüdot
  • dogül
  • dogülik
  • domadog
  • dugadog
  • farmadog
  • flutülön dogi
  • hidog
  • hidogil
  • hidogül
  • hodog
  • jidog
  • jidogil
  • jidogül
  • jodog
  • krigakäladog
  • lievadog
  • lupadog
  • mitanadog
  • pädritadog
  • sadinadog
  • sigretadog
  • sismaladog
  • sukadog
  • sukäladog
  • vümadog
  • vümadogil
  • yagadog

[edit]

  • doeg
  • toradoeg

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Performance limitations continue to dog the platform, while consumers wrestle with the lack of emulated 64-bit Windows apps.


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Technical know-how Many syn-bio technologies don’t scale linearly, and, moreover, unforeseen challenges often dog their evolution.


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The toll of sanctions, economic mismanagement and years of political overreach in Iran’s neighborhood now dog the regime, whose rhetoric of revolution and resistance to Western imperialists is proving more hollow than ever.


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Carlos Correa’s X-rays continue to dog him, as several teams reject him and contract offers get smaller and smaller.


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The tight margins McCarthy faces foreshadow a challenge that will dog Republicans for the next two years.


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But should inflation continue to dog the economy – or should a recession set in – the administration will certainly struggle at the ballot box in 2024.


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See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘dog.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

собака, пес, собачка, кобель, псина, зажим, преследовать, выслеживать

существительное

- собака, пёс

- зоол. собака (Canis)
- охотничья собака
- кобель; самец (волка, лисы, шакала)
- уст. подлец, собака, тварь, падаль, скотина (обыкн. в сочетании с прилагательным)

dirty dog — скотина, грязный подонок

ещё 14 вариантов

глагол

- неотступно следовать (за кем-л.); выслеживать (кого-л.), следить (за чем-л.)

to dog smb. /smb.’s footsteps/ — следовать по пятам за кем-л.

- преследовать, не давать покоя

he is dogged by misfortunes — его преследуют несчастья
to dog a man — спорт. проф. «дёргать» противника

- травить собаками, напускать собак; затравливать
- спец. закреплять
- мор. задраивать

to dog it — амер. а) сбежать; дать дёру; б) филонить, лодырничать
to dog the watches — мор. установить на ночь дежурство полувахтами
dog it!, dog my cats! — амер. проклятие!, чёрт возьми!
I’ll be dogged if I do it — амер. будь я проклят, если сделаю это

Мои примеры

Словосочетания

hot dog! — ай да он!; вот это да!; вот это здорово!  
top dog — хозяин положения  
under dog — побеждённый, поверженный; неудачник  
the dogs of war — бедствия /ужасы/ войны  
to let loose the dogs of war — развязать войну  
to see a man about a dog — а) выпить, поддать; б) переспать с женщиной  
dressed (up) like a dog’s dinner — сл. расфранчённый, расфуфыренный  
to go to the dogs — разориться; пойти прахом  
to throw /to give, to send/ smth. to the dogs — выбросить что-л. к чертям собачьим  
to teach an old dog new tricks — переучивать кого-л. на старости лет  

dog eat dog — ≅ волчий закон; человек человеку волк  
dog doesn’t eat dog — ≅ свой своего не тронет /не обидит/; ворон ворону глаз не выклюет  
give a dog a bad /an ill/ name and hang him — а) дурная кличка накрепко пристаёт; от худой славы вдруг не отделаешься; б) кто раз оступился, тому и веры нет /или от того добра не жди/  
every dog has his day — посл. а) ≅ у каждого бывает светлый день; б) ≅ не всё коту масленица  
a live dog is better than a dead lion — посл. живая собака лучше мёртвого льва  
love me, love my dog — любишь меня, люби и мою собаку; принимай меня таким, какой я есть  
to take a hair of the dog that bit you — а) чем ушибся, тем и лечись; ≅ клин клином вышибать; б) опохмеляться  
whose dog is dead? — в чём дело?, что случилось?  
dog’s age /years/ — нескончаемо долгое время  
not even a dog’s chance — ни малейших шансов  
a dog’s life — собачья жизнь, жалкое существование  
to lead a dog’s life — жить как собака  
to lead smb. a dog’s life — отравлять кому-л. жизнь; не оставлять кого-л. в покое  
to die a dog’s death /the death of a dog/ — издохнуть как собака  
to put on dog — важничать; держаться высокомерно; задирать нос; пыжиться, хорохориться, становиться в позу; рисоваться  

ещё 15 примеров свернуть

Примеры с переводом

He dogged her every move.

Он следил за каждым её движением.

He was dogged by bad luck.

Его преследовала неудача.

You dirty dog!

Ты, грязный пёс!

That dog barks all day long.

Cобака лает весь день.

They say she’s a real dog.

Говорят, она самая настоящая уродина.

I could hear a dog barking.

Я слышал собачий лай.

What breed of dog is she?

Какой она породы? / К какой породе собак она принадлежит?

ещё 11 примеров свернуть

Возможные однокоренные слова

dogged  — упорный, упрямый, настойчивый, чертовский
dogger  — доггер, средняя юра
doggish  — собачий, грубый, огрызающийся, раздражительный, жестокий, крикливо-модный
underdog  — неудачник, побежденная сторона, подчиняющаяся сторона
doglike  — преданный, верный, подобный зажиму, подобный верхний углу первой полосы газеты
overdog  — человек, имеющий серьезное преимущество, хозяин положения, добившийся

Формы слова

verb
I/you/we/they: dog
he/she/it: dogs
ing ф. (present participle): dogging
2-я ф. (past tense): dogged
3-я ф. (past participle): dogged

noun
ед. ч.(singular): dog
мн. ч.(plural): dogs

Table of Contents

  1. What is the origin of the word dog?
  2. Who named the dog?
  3. What is the oldest word for dog?
  4. What did Jesus say about dogs?
  5. Why did Jesus use the word dog?
  6. Does the Bible mention pets?
  7. Did Jesus have a pet dog?
  8. Do dogs go to heaven according to the Bible?
  9. Will we see pets in heaven?
  10. Do dogs have a soul?
  11. Can I see my dog in heaven?
  12. Do dogs spirits stay with you?
  13. Can dogs smell death of another dog?
  14. Do dogs come back as humans?
  15. Do dogs know when they’re dying?
  16. Do pets know when their owner dies?
  17. Do dogs recognize themselves in the mirror?
  18. Do dogs get jealous?
  19. Does dog laugh?
  20. What is the most jealous dog breed?
  21. Can dogs feel sad?

Definition of dog (Entry 3 of 4) transitive verb. 1a : to hunt, track, or follow like a hound dogged her every move. b : to worry as if by pursuit with dogs : plague dogged by his past failures. c : to bother or pester persistently dogged him about his grades.

What is the origin of the word dog?

The word dog comes from the Old English ‘docga’, a late, rare word, used in at least one Middle English source in reference specifically to a powerful breed of canine.

Who named the dog?

Taxonomy. In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae the two-word naming of species (binomial nomenclature). Canis is the Latin word meaning “dog,” and under this genus, he listed the domestic dog, the grey wolf, and the golden jackal.

What is the oldest word for dog?

hound

What did Jesus say about dogs?

Revelation 22:15: “For without [are] dogs, and sorcerers, and whoremongers, and murderers, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.” Philippians 3:2: “Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision.” Proverbs 26:11: “As a dog returneth to his vomit, [so] a fool returneth to his folly.”

Why did Jesus use the word dog?

Jesus’ use of the word “dog” tested the woman’s persistence. He repeatedly made clear what His original mission was: to save “the lost sheep of the house of Israel”. She did not show insult to His comments, rather she made a confession of faith in Jesus, attesting to His healing power.

Does the Bible mention pets?

In Genesis 9:3-4 God tells us that a person cannot cut off the limb of a living animal. In Exodus, the Ten Commandments reminds us that we are supposed to treat animals with respect and care, particularly those who work our lands.

Did Jesus have a pet dog?

(and even documentation) in the Bible.” As far as Jesus possibly having a dog as a pet, it is highly unlikely. In actuality little is written in the New Testament about Jesus’ pets per say, but there are some references to wild animals, birds and fish. He is born in a stable and sleeps in a feeding trough (Luke 2:7).

Do dogs go to heaven according to the Bible?

Kurowski said in his “Animals in Heaven, Pets in Paradise” Bible study: So do dogs, cats, horses, and other pets go to Heaven? While the Bible doesn’t come straight out and say “yes,” it does imply through its discussion of the redemption of God’s creation that our pets will greet us in the new heaven and new earth.

Will we see pets in heaven?

Biblical Evidence That Animals Really Do Go To Heaven. The pets that we had to say goodbye to are alive in heaven right now in their spiritual bodies and we will see them again if we accept Jesus as our Savior. Your Pet Is Not Gone Forever.

Do dogs have a soul?

Numerous studies in Spiritual Psychology … shows that dogs do indeed have souls, and once a dog bonds to a human, its soul attaches to the human’s soul and upon death, goes where the human soul goes. They imply that animals may have the “breath of life,” but not an immortal soul in the same sense as man’s.

Can I see my dog in heaven?

Will I See My Dog In Heaven? Yes! All animals go to Heaven.

Do dogs spirits stay with you?

“They will come back from the spirit realm to visit their person because of the loving connection, not because of a lower vibrational emotion like sadness.” Whether pets can visit their owners in spirit depends on whether they have an afterlife.

Can dogs smell death of another dog?

And because dogs cannot tell how they feel, there is no general agreement as to whether dogs understand the death of another dog. Many owners and dog experts are able to identify changes in behavior when a death occurs.

Do dogs come back as humans?

Dogs reincarnate every day. Because of the length of the human life span, human beings can’t usually reincarnate and rejoin their loved ones again in this life. But because dogs’ lives are so much shorter, they can — and do — reincarnate and return to their beloved owners.

Do dogs know when they’re dying?

This is not to say that dogs and other animals don’t know much if anything about their own and other’s death and dying, but rather to stress that it’s essential to remain open to the possibility that they do sense their own and/or others passing.

Do pets know when their owner dies?

It’s not unusual for dogs to grieve the loss of a person they’ve bonded with who is no longer present. While they might not understand the full extent of human absence, dogs do understand the emotional feeling of missing someone who’s no longer a part of their daily lives.

Do dogs recognize themselves in the mirror?

Dogs do not have the ability to recognize their own reflection in a mirror the way humans and some other animals are able to. They will always treat their reflection like another dog or just simply ignore it.

Do dogs get jealous?

Recently, psychologists performed a study on dog behavior and learned without a doubt that dogs do get jealous. Whether it’s jealousy as humans experience it, or an offshoot of deeply ingrained dog behavior like resource guarding or redirected excitement, dogs do feel envy.

Does dog laugh?

There is a lot of debate among animal behaviourists about this but most agree that no, dogs can’t laugh. At least not in the sense that humans can laugh. However, dogs can make a sound that is similar to a laugh, which they typically do when they are playing. It’s caused by a breathy panting that’s forcefully exhaled.

What is the most jealous dog breed?

10 Most Jealous Dog Breeds

  • French Bulldog. If you have ever owned a Frenchie before, you know this dog clinches the title of the most jealous dog.
  • Australian shepherd.
  • Labrador Retriever.
  • American Pit Bull Terrier.
  • Cocker Spaniel.
  • German Short-haired pointer.
  • Golden retriever.
  • Border Collie.

Can dogs feel sad?

As most dog owners will attest, dogs do feel a range of emotions. Dogs may not experience sadness quite the same as humans because dogs lack self-consciousness, but they can experience anxiety and depression, says Dr.


Asked by: Jazmyne Considine

Score: 4.3/5
(57 votes)

Its origin remains one of the great mysteries of English etymology. The word forced out Old English hund (the general Germanic and Indo-European word, from root from PIE root *kwon-) by 16c. and subsequently was picked up in many continental languages (French dogue (16c.), Danish dogge, German Dogge (16c.)).

What is the root word of dog?

The origin of the English word dog has been a riddle for ages. It developed through Middle English dogge from Old English docga, after which the trail seems to go cold. … English dusk), like frocga/frogga ‘frog’ beside frox/frosc/forsc ‘id. ‘.

Why is dog a slang?

dogs, Slang. feet. Slang. something worthless or of extremely poor quality: That used car you bought is a dog.

What is the ancient Greek word for dog?

Kyon (the ancient Greek word for «dog»)

Who was the Greek god of dogs?

Hecate The Greek Goddess

Hecate is the Greek goddess of crossroads, entryways, and dogs, among other things.

33 related questions found

What was the first dog on earth?

The archaeological record and genetic analysis show the remains of the Bonn-Oberkassel dog buried beside humans 14,200 years ago to be the first undisputed dog, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.

Why is a dog named a dog?

The history of dog

About seven centuries ago, the word hound, which came from the Old English hund, was the word for all domestic canines. Dog was just used to refer to a subgroup of hounds that includes the lovely but frequently slobbering mastiff.

Is dog a person place or thing?

A dog is considered a thing since it is not a person or place. The same goes for tail, it is neither a person or a place, but it is a thing.

What does the word dog mean in the Bible?

Pigs were unclean, both ritually and as food (Lev 11:7), but dogs were the embodiment of gluttony, scavengers sent by God to tear and devour.

Is dog a derogatory term?

«Dog» has long been used as an insult toward both women and men. In ancient Greece, dog was often used in a derogatory sense to refer to someone whose behavior was improper or transgressive.

Who named a dog a dog?

In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae, the two-word naming of species (binomial nomenclature). Canis is the Latin word meaning «dog,» and under this genus, he listed the domestic dog, the grey wolf, and the golden jackal.

Are humans considered animals?

Humans can move on their own and are placed in the animal kingdom. Further, humans belong to the animal phylum known as chordates because we have a backbone. The human animal has hair and milk glands, so we are placed in the class of mammals. Within the mammal class, humans are placed in the primate order.

Is Owl a person place or thing?

Any of various birds of prey of the order Strigiformes that are primarily nocturnal and have forward-looking, binocular vision, limited eye movement, and good hearing. A person seen as having owl-like characteristics, especially appearing wise or serious, or being nocturnally active.

Is animal a person or thing?

Yes, a word for any type of animal is a noun. A noun is a word for a person, a place, or a thing.An animal is a thing. It’s the story of a dog who was left chained outside without access to clean water or food. A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

What shouldn’t you name your dog?

Avoid Command Words

You will also want to avoid any names that sound similar or rhyme with the most common dog commands. Names that sound like “sit,” “stay,” “heel,” “no,” and “come” could be easily confused by your pup.

What is the smartest dog?

1. Border Collie: A workaholic, this breed is the world’s premier sheep herder, prized for its intelligence, extraordinary instinct, and working ability. 2. Poodle: Exceptionally smart and active.

Which dog breed lives the longest?

Australian Cattle Dog

An Australian Cattle Dog called Bluey holds the record for the longest-lived dog — reaching an incredible 29 years of age. The breed normally lives for around 15 years.

What dog is closest to a wolf?

They found that the four dogs closest to their wolf ancestors are the Shiba Inu, chow chow, Akita and the Alaskan malamute. However, this study was done on 85 breeds.

What is the rarest dog breed on earth?

5 of the World’s Rarest Dog Breeds

  1. Norwegian Lundehund. Dating back to the Ice Age, the Norwegian Lundehund is recognised as one of the rarest dogs on the planet due to its unique characteristics which aren’t shared by any other breed. …
  2. Lagotto Romagnolo. …
  3. Azawakh. …
  4. Otterhound. …
  5. Mudi.

Who was the ugliest god?

Facts about Hephaestus

Hephaestus was the only ugly god among perfectly beautiful immortals. Hephaestus was born deformed and was cast out of heaven by one or both of his parents when they noticed that he was imperfect. He was the workman of the immortals: he made their dwellings, furnishings, and weapons.

Which god vehicle is dog?

Shiva, in his aspect as Bhairava, had a dog as a vahana (vehicle) (mentioned in the Mahabharata). Khandoba, a deity, is associated with a dog on which he rides. Dattatreya is associated with four dogs, considered to symbolize the four Vedas.

Who is god of Animals?

The Greek god of animals is the Greek goddess Artemis. She is the daughter of Zeus, the god of the sky, and Leto, the goddess of motherhood. Her twin brother is Apollo, the god of medicine, music, and poetry. In addition to animals, Artemis is also the goddess of hunting and nature.

What is smartest animal in the world?

The Smartest Animals In The World

  • Chimpanzees are better than humans in some memory tasks.
  • Goats have excellent long-term memory.
  • Elephants can work together.
  • Parrots can reproduce sounds of the human language.
  • Dolphins can recognize themselves in the mirror.
  • New Caledonian crows understand cause-and-effect relationships.

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