The greek word for spirit

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#2.1 GREEK WORD STUDIES
πνεῦμα ‘pneuma’ meaning ‘Spirit’ Strong’s 4151

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• HEBREW OLD TESTAMENT
• #1.1 Scriptures for רוּחַ ‘ruach’ meaning ‘Spirit’ Strong’s 7307 Genesis to Esther
• #1.2 Scriptures for רוּח ‘ruach’ meaning ‘Spirit’ Strong’s 7307 Job to Isaiah
• #1.3 Scriptures for רוּחַ ‘ruach’ meaning ‘Spirit’ Strong’s 7307 Jeremiah to Malachi
• GREEK NEW TESTAMENT
• Introduction 2.1
• #2.1 Scriptures for πνεῦμα ‘pneuma’ meaning ‘Spirit’ Strong’s 4151 Matthew to Acts
• #2.2 Scriptures for πνεῦμα ‘pneuma’ meaning ‘Spirit’ Strong’s 4151 Romans to Revelation

Introduction 2.1

This is a thorough Greek word study about the meaning of the Greek word πνεῦμα, ‘pneuma’ Strong’s 4151 translated ‘spirit’. It gives every verse where the Greek word
πνεῦμα «pneuma» for Spirit appears in the New Testament from Matthew to Acts. To obtain a true understanding of this word these scriptures need to be meditated
on and notes made of their meaning in different contexts. This requires putting scriptures together where they seem to have a similar meaning, and then meditating
even more. The truth will be revealed by the Holy Spirit, who has been given to guide us into all truth (John 16:13). Wherever this word pneuma
appears in the Greek, the translation of it is highlighted with yellow. In Greek ,
with the exception of case endings, the suffixes and prepositions are not added to the basic word as in Hebrew, so these have not been included in
highlighted text. Every blessing be to those who seek the truth of God’s word.

#2.1 Scriptures for πνεῦμα ‘pneuma’ meaning ‘Spirit’ Strong’s 4151 Matthew to Acts

Matthew 1:18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was in this way: When as his mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit.
1:20 But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, Joseph, you son of David, do not fear to take to you Mary your wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit.
3:11 I indeed baptise you with water into repentance: but he who comes after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptise you with the Holy Spirit, and with fire:
3:16 And Jesus, when he was baptised, went up immediately out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and landing upon him:
4:1 Then Jesus was led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the Devil.
4:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
8:16 When the evening came, they brought to him many that were possessed with demons: and he cast out the spirits with his word, and healed all that were sick:
10:1 And when he had called to him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.
10:20 For it is not you that speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.
12:18 Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall show judgment to the Gentiles.
12:28 But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come to you.
12:31 Therefore I say to you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven to men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven to men.
12:32 And whoever speaks a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, nor in the world to come.
12:43 When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walks through dry places, seeking rest, and finds none.
12:45 Then goes he, and takes with himself seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first. Even so shall it be also to this wicked generation.
22:43 He says to them, How then does David in spirit call him Lord, saying,
26:41 Watch and pray, that you do not enter into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.
27:50 When Jesus had cried again with a loud voice, he yielded up the spirit.
28:19 You go therefore, and teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit:

Mark 1:8 I indeed have baptised you with water: but he shall baptise you with the Holy Spirit.
1:10 And immediately coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon him:
1:12 And immediately the Spirit drove him into the wilderness.
1:23 And there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out,
1:26 And when the unclean spirit had torn him, and cried with a loud voice, he came out of him.
1:27 And they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, What thing is this? what new doctrine is this? for with authority he commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him.
2:8 And immediately when Jesus perceived in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, he said to them, Why do you reason these things in your hearts?
3:11 And unclean spirits, when they saw him, fell down before him, and cried, saying, You are the Son of God.
3:29 But he who shall blaspheme against the Holy Spirit has never forgiveness, but is in danger of eternal damnation:
3:30 Because they said, He has an unclean spirit.
5:2 And when he came out of the boat, immediately there met him out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit,
5:8 For he said to him, Come out of the man, you unclean spirit.
5:13 And immediately Jesus allowed them. And the unclean spirits went out, and entered into the swine: and the herd ran violently down a steep place into the sea, (they were about two thousand;) and were choked in the sea.
6:7 And he called to him the twelve, and began to send them out by two and two; and gave them power over unclean spirits;
7:25 For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of him, and came and fell at his feet:
8:12 And he sighed deeply in his spirit, and says, Why does this generation seek after a sign? Amen I say to you, There shall no sign be given to this generation.
8:17 And one of the multitude answered and said, Master, I have brought to you my son, who has a dumb spirit;
9:20 And they brought him to him: and when he saw him, immediately the spirit tore him; and he fell on the ground, and wallowed foaming.
9:25 When Jesus saw that the people came running together, he rebuked the foul spirit, saying to him, You dumb and deaf spirit, I charge you, come out of him, and enter no more into him.
9:26 And the spirit cried, and tore him sore, and came out of him: and he was as one dead; so that many said, He is dead.
12:36 For David himself said by the Holy Spirit, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit you on my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.
13:11 But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no thought beforehand what you shall speak, nor do you premeditate: but whatever shall be given you in that hour, that speak you: for it is not you that speak, but the Holy Spirit.
14:38 Watch you and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak.

Luke 1:15 For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb.
1:17 And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.
1:35 And the angel answered and said to her, The Holy Spirit shall come upon you, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow you: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of you shall be called the Son of God.
1:41 And it came to pass, that, when Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb; and Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit:
1:47 And my spirit has rejoiced in God my Saviour.
1:67 And his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying,
1:80 And the child grew, and grew strong in spirit, and was in the deserts until the day of his showing to Israel.
2:25 And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Spirit was upon him.
2:26 And it was revealed to him by the Holy Spirit, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.
2:27 And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,
2:40 And the child grew, and grew strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.
3:16 John answered, saying to them all, I indeed baptise you with water; but one mightier than I comes, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptise you with the Holy Spirit and with fire:
3:22 And the Holy Spirit descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, You are my beloved Son; in you I am well pleased.
4:1 And Jesus being full of the Holy Spirit returned from Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness,
4:14 And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee: and there went out a fame of him through all the region round about.
4:18 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he has sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are bruised,
4:33 And in the synagogue there was a man, who had a spirit of an unclean demon, and cried out with a loud voice,
4:36 And they were all amazed, and spoke among themselves, saying, What a word is this! for with authority and power he commanded the unclean spirits, and they come out.
Luke 6:18 And those who were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed.
7:21 And in that same hour he cured many of their infirmities and plagues, and of evil spirits; and to many that were blind he gave sight.
8:2 And certain women, who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities, Mary called Magdalene, out of whom went seven demons,
8:29 (For he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. For oftentimes it had caught him: and he was kept bound with chains and in fetters; and he broke the bands, and was driven of the demon into the wilderness.)
8:55 And her spirit came again, and she arose immediately: and he commanded to give her food.
9:39 And, lo, a spirit takes him, and he suddenly cries out; and it tears him that he foams again, and bruising him hardly departed from him.
9:42 And as he was yet a coming, the demon threw him down, and tore him. And Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, and healed the child, and delivered him again to his father.
9:55 But he turned, and rebuked them, and said, You do not know what manner of spirit you are of.
10:20 Nevertheless in this rejoice not, that the spirits are subject to you; but rather rejoice, because your names are written in heaven.
10:21 In that hour Jesus rejoiced in spirit, and said, I thank you, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that you have hidden these things from the wise and prudent, and have revealed them to babes: even so, Father; for so it seemed good in your sight.
11:13 If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children: how much more shall your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him?
11:24 When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walks through dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he says, I will return to my house from where I came out.
11:26 Then goes he, and takes to him seven other spirits more wicked than himself; and they enter in, and dwell there: and the last state of that man is worse than the first.
12:10 And whoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but to him who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit it shall not be forgiven.
12:12 For the Holy Spirit shall teach you in the same hour what you ought to say.
13:11 And, behold, there was a woman who had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years, and was bowed together, and could in no way lift up herself.
23:46 And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into your hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the spirit.
24:37 But they were terrified and affrighted, and supposed that they had seen a spirit.
24:39 Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you see me have.

John 1:32 And John bore record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him.
1:33 And I did not know him: but he who sent me to baptise with water, the same said to me, Upon whom you shall see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he who baptises with the Holy Spirit.
3:5 Jesus answered, Amen, amen, I say to you, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.
3:6 That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
3:7 Marvel not that I said to you, You must be born again.
3:8 The wind blows where it wills, and you hear the sound of it, but can not tell from where it comes, and where it goes: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.
3:34 For he whom God has sent speaks the words of God: for God gives not the Spirit by measure to him.
4:23 But the hour comes, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeks such to worship him.
4:24 God is a Spirit: and those who worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.
6:63 It is the spirit that quickens; the flesh profits nothing: the words that I speak to you, they are spirit, and they are life.
7:39 (But this he spoke of the Spirit, which those who believe on him should receive: for the Holy Spirit was not yet given; because that Jesus was not yet glorified.)
11:33 When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping who came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled,
13:21 When Jesus had thus said, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, and said, Amen, amen, I say to you, that one of you shall betray me.
14:17 Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it sees him not, nor knows him: but you know him; for he dwells with you, and shall be in you.
14:26 But the Comforter, who is the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatever I have said to you.
15:26 But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send to you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceeds from the Father, he shall testify of me:
16:13 However when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will show you things to come.
19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the spirit.
19:22 And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and says to them, Receive you the Holy Spirit:

Acts 1:2 Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he, through the Holy Spirit, had given commandments to the apostles whom he had chosen:
1:5 For John truly baptised with water; but you shall be baptised with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.
1:8 But you shall receive power, after that the Holy Spirit is come upon you: and you shall be witnesses for me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and to the utmost part of the earth.
1:16 Men, brothers, it was necessary for this scripture to have been fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit by the mouth of David spoke before concerning Judas, who was a guide to those who took Jesus.
2:4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
2:17 And it shall come to pass in the last days, says God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams:
2:18 And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy:
2:33 Therefore, being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has shed forth this, which you now see and hear.
2:38 Then Peter said to them, Repent, and be baptised every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
4:8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, You rulers of the people, and elders of Israel,
4:31 And when they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were assembled together; and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
5:3 But Peter said, Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit, and to keep back part of the price of the land?
5:9 Then Peter said to her, How is it that you have agreed together to tempt the Spirit of the Lord? behold, the feet of those who have buried your husband are at the door, and shall carry you out.
5:16 There came also a multitude out of the cities round about to Jerusalem, bringing sick people, and those who were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed every one.
5:32 And we are his witnesses of these things; and so is also the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him.
6:3 Therefore, brothers, you look out among you seven men of honest report, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business.
6:4 But we will give ourselves continually to prayer, and to the ministry of the word.
6:5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a proselyte of Antioch:
6:10 And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spoke.
Acts 7:51 You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you do always resist the Holy Spirit: as your fathers did, so do you.
7:55 But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up steadfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,
7:59 And they stoned Stephen, calling upon Jesus, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.
8:7 For unclean spirits, crying with loud voice, came out of many that were possessed with them : and many taken with palsies, and that were lame, were healed.
8:15 Who, when they came down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Spirit:
8:17 Then they laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.
8:18 And when Simon saw that through laying on of the apostles’ hands the Holy Spirit was given, he offered them money,
8:19 Saying, Give me also this power, that on whomever I lay hands, he may receive the Holy Spirit.
8:29 Then the Spirit said to Philip, Go near, and join yourself to this chariot.
8:39 And when they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord caught away Philip, that the eunuch saw him no more: and he went on his way rejoicing.
9:17 And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and putting his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, that appeared to you in the way as you came, has sent me, that you might receive your sight, and be filled with the Holy Spirit.
9:31 Then had the churches rest throughout all Judaea and Galilee and Samaria, and were edified; and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit, were multiplied.
10:19 While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said to him, Behold, three men seek you.
10:38 How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the Devil; for God was with him.
10:44 While Peter yet spoke these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the word.
10:45 And they of the circumcision who believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Spirit.
10:46 For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter,
10:47 Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptised, who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we?
Acts 11:12 And the Spirit bade me go with them, nothing doubting. Furthermore these six brothers accompanied me, and we entered into the man’s house:
11:15 And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on them, as on us at the beginning.
11:16 Then remembered I the word of the Lord, how that he said, John indeed baptised with water; but you shall be baptised with the Holy Spirit.
11:24 For he was a good man, and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith: and many people was added to the Lord.
11:28 And there stood up one of them named Agabus, and signified by the Spirit that there should be great famine throughout all the world: which came to pass in the days of Claudius Caesar.
13:2 As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.
13:3 And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away.
13:4 So they, being sent forth by the Holy Spirit, departed to Seleucia; and from there they sailed to Cyprus.
13:9 Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,) filled with the Holy Spirit, set his eyes on him,
13:52 And the disciples were filled with joy, and with the Holy Spirit.
15:8 And God, who knows the hearts, bore them witness, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as he did to us;
15:28 For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;
16:6 Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Spirit to preach the word in Asia,
16:7 After they came to Mysia, they attempted to go into Bithynia: but the Spirit did not permit them.
16:16 And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain maidservant possessed with a spirit of divination met us, who brought her masters much gain by soothsaying:
16:18 And this did she many days. But Paul, being grieved, turned and said to the spirit, I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. And he came out the same hour.
Acts 17:16 Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.
18:5 And when Silas and Timothy came from Macedonia, Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ.
18:25 This man was instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in the spirit, he spoke and taught diligently the things of the Lord, knowing only the baptism of John.
19:2 He said to them, Have you received the Holy Spirit since you believed? And they said to him, We have not so much as heard whether there is any Holy Spirit.
19:6 And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Spirit came on them; and they spoke with tongues, and prophesied.
19:12 So that from his body were brought to the sick handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out of them.
19:13 Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over those who had evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preaches.
19:14 And there were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jew, and chief of the priests, who did so.
19:15 And the evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are you?
19:16 And the man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house without clothes and wounded.
19:21 After these things were ended, Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, After I have been there, I must also see Rome.
20:22 And now, behold, I go bound in the spirit to Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there:
20:23 Save that the Holy Spirit witnesses in every city, saying that bonds and afflictions abide me.
20:28 Take heed therefore to yourselves, and to all the flock, over which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he has purchased with his own blood.
21:4 And finding disciples, we stayed there seven days: who said to Paul through the Spirit, that he should not go up to Jerusalem.
21:11 And when he came to us, he took Paul’s girdle, and bound his own hands and feet, and said, Thus says the Holy Spirit, So shall the Jews at Jerusalem bind the man who owns this girdle, and shall deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles.
23:8 For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, nor angel, nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both.
23:9 And there arose a great cry: and the scribes that were of the Pharisees’ part arose, and strove, saying, We find no evil in this man: but if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him, let us not fight against God.
28:25 And when they agreed not among themselves, they departed, after that Paul had spoken one word, Well spoke the Holy Spirit by Esaiah the prophet to our fathers,

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Greek words Spirit-Holy Spirit:

Spirit: 4151. Spirits: Spiritual: Spiritually: 4151. To breath to blow.

1-a. Breath. Of the mouth or nostrils, a breathing, blast, 2 Thessalonians 2:8, “the Lord shall consume with the spirit of His mouth.” That is, the breath of the mouth; here spoken of the destroying power of God. Septuagint and Hebrew, compare, Isaiah 11:4,”With the breath of his lips shall he slay,” with Psalms 33:6, “By the breath of His mouth.” Of the vital breath, Revelation 11:11, “Spirit of life,” breath of life; Septuagint and Hebrew, “Breath of life,” Genesis 6:17, 7:4-22.

1-b. Breath of air, air in motion, a breeze, blast, the wind. John 3:8, “The wind bloweth where it listeth.” Hebrews 1:7, “Who maketh His angels spirits.” quoted from Psalms 104:4. Septuagint for Hebrew, as also, Genesis 8:1, “A wind to pass over the earth.” Isaiah 7:2.

2-a-1. Spirit as the vital spirit, life, soul. The principle of life residing in the breath, breathed into man from God and again returning to God. Compare, Genesis 2:7, “The breath of life.” Ecclesiastes 12:7, and Psalms 104:29, “Taketh away their breath.” Matthew 27:50, “Yielded up the ghost.” he gave up the ghost, expired. John 19:30, Luke 23:46. Compare, Psalms 31:5, “Into thine hand I commit my spirit — O LORD,” with Acts 7:59, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” Luke 8:55, “Her spirit came again, and she arose.” James 2:26, “The body without the spirit is dead.” Revelation 13:15, “Life unto the image of the beast.” Septuagint and Hebrew, “The spirit of Jacob,” Genesis 45:27; Judges 15:19.

Trope, John 6:63, “It is the (Holy) Spirit that quickeneth.” So as the spirit in man giveth life to the body, so my words are spirit and life to the soul. Also, 1 Corinthians 15:45, “Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.” as a spirit of life, as raising the bodies of his followers from the dead into immortal life; compare with, Philippians 3:21, “Change our = (man’s) vile bodies, — fashioned like unto His (Jesus)glorious body.”

2-b-1. The rational spirit, mind, soul. Genr. as opposed to the body and animal spirit. 1 Thessalonians 5:23, “Your whole spirit and soul and body,” this as a periphrasis for the whole man. Luke 1:47, Hebrews 4:12, “Dividing asunder of soul and spirit.” Romans 2:29, 8:10, “The (holy) Spirit is life because of righteousness.”

1 Corinthians 5:3, “For I — as absent in body, but present in spirit,” with verses 4-5, “For the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved.” 1 Corinthians 6:20, 7:34; 2 Corinthians 7:1, Philippians 3:3, Colossians 2:5, 1 Peter 4:6. Hebrews 12:9, “The Father of spirits,” opposed to, “We have had fathers of our flesh.” Compare Septuagint and Hebrew, “The spirits of all flesh,” Numbers 16:22, 27:16, “The God of the spirits of all flesh.” Zechariah 12:1.

Where soul and spirit are not expressed; Romans 8:16, “The Spirit itself beareth witness,” that is, the Divine Spirit itself testifies to our spirit, mind. Galatians 6:18, 2 Timothy 4:22. Philemon 25, “The Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.” Also, Romans 1:9. John 4:23-24, “When the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth.” as with a sincere mind, with a true heart, not with mere external rites; Compare, Philippians 3:3.

2-b-2. As the seat of the affections, emotions, passions of various kinds, as in humility, Matthew 5:3, “Blessed are the poor in spirit,” as lowly of mind. Compare, Septuagint and Hebrew with Psalms 34:18, “A contrite spirit.” So of enjoyment, quiet, 1 Corinthians 16:18, “They have refreshed my spirit.” 2 Corinthians 2:13, “Rest in.” 2 Corinthians 7:13; “Of joy.” Luke 10:21, “Jesus rejoiced in spirit.” Of passions, zeal, Acts 18:25, “Fervent in the spirit,” also, Romans 12:11. Luke 1:17, “Go before him in the spirit and power of E-li’-as.” as in the powerful, energetic spirit of Elijah. Of restlessness, uneasiness, as from grief, indignation, Mark 8:12, “He sighed deeply in his spirit.” John 11:33, “Groaned in the spirit.” John 13:21, “Troubled in the spirit,” Acts 17:16, “His spirit was stirred.” Compare Septuagint and Hebrew, Genesis 26:35, “Grief of mind,” with Isaiah 65:14, “Vexation of spirit.”

2-b-3. As referring to disposition, feelings, temper of mind. The English for spirit. Luke 9:55, “Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of.” Romans 8:15, “The spirit of bondage,” that is, a slavish spirit, opposed to, “The Spirit of adoption.” Romans 11:8, “God hath given them the spirit of slumber” 1 Corinthians 4:21, “The spirit of meekness.” Galatians 6:1, as a mild, gentle spirit.

1 Corinthians 14:14, “my spirit prayeth, but my understanding is unfruitful,” that is, as my own feelings, my spirit, finds utterance in prayer, but what I mean, or say, is not understood by others, see ver.15-16, “The room of the unlearned — he understandeth not.” Refers to those who are not acquainted with the language in which a Christian speaks, sings, or prays.

2 Corinthians 4:13, “Having the same spirit.” compare to, 2 Corinthians 11:4, “Having another spirit,” 2 Corinthians 12:18. Ephesians 2:2, “The spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience.” Ephesians 4:23, Philippians 1:27, 2:1, “Fellowship of the spirit.” 2 Timothy 1:7, “God hath not given us the spirit of fear.” 1 Peter 3:4, “A meek and quite spirit.” Compare, James 4:5, with Proverbs 21:10-26, Ecclesiastes 4:4. Also compare, Septuagint and Hebrew, “A new spirit,” Ezekiel 11:19, with, Ezekiel 18:31. Numbers 5:30.

2-b-4. As implying will, counsel, purpose, Mathew 26:41, Mark 14:38, “The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak” Acts 18:5, “Pressed in the spirit.” In (K.J.V.) Acts 19:21, “Paul purposed = (resolved) in the spirit.” Acts 20:22, “Bound in the spirit.” Septuagint and Hebrew, “Stirred up the spirit,” 1 Chronicles 5:26. As including the understanding, intellect, Mark 2:8, “Jesus perceived in His spirit.” Luke 1:80, 2:40, “The children grew, and waxed = (became) strong in spirit.”    1 Corinthians 2:11-12, “Received not the spirit of the world,” compare with verse 11, “the things of man.” Septuagint and Hebrew, “Filled with the spirit of wisdom,” Exodus 28:3; Job.20:3; Isaiah 29:24, “Erred in spirit.” For, “Spirit,” as signifying the mind or disposition as affected by the Holy Spirit.

3-a. A spirit, as a simple, incorporeal, immaterial being, possessing higher capacities than man in his present state.

3-a-1. Spoken of created spirits, of the human soul, spirit, after its departure from the body and as existing in a separate state. Hebrews 12:22-23, “Ye are come –unto a general assembly — and to the spirits of just men made perfect,” as to the spirits of the just advanced to perfect happiness and glory. 1 Peter 3:19, “By which also He went and preached unto the spirits in prison.”

In which (spiritual nature) also he once preached (through Noah) to those spirits now in prison. Compare with, 2 Peter  2: 4-5. Others refer this to the descent of Christ into Sheol after His crucifixion, and his preaching of the gospel there. Acts 23:8. Of the Soul of a person re-appearing after death, a spirit, ghost, Luke 24:37, “And supposed they had seen a spirit,” verse 39, Jesus said, “a spirit hath not flesh and bones.” Acts 23:9, “But if a spirit or an angel hath spoken to him.”

3-a-2. Of an evil spirit, a demon, devil, as mostly with the epithet, an unclean spirit,” as in Matthew 10:1, “Unclean spirit.” Matthew 12:43, Mark 1: 23-26-27, 3:11-30, 5:2-8-13, 6:7, 7:25, 9:25, Luke 4:36, 6:18, 8:29, 9:42, 11:24, Acts 5: 16, 8:7, Revelation 16:13, 18:2. Also, Luke 4:33, “Unclean devil.” Revelation 16:14, “Spirits of devils.” Acts 19:15-16, “Evil spirits,” with verses 12-13. Matthew 12:45, Luke 7:21, 8:2, 11:26. Mark 9:17-25, “Thou dumb and deaf spirit.” A spirit of infirmity, as causing disease. Luke 13:11, woman having a spirit of infirmity, comp. with ver.16, Jesus said, “Ought not this woman — whom Satan hath bound, — be loosed from this bond.” A spirit of divination, soothsaying demon, Acts 16:16-18. Absolute, Matthew 8:16, Mark 9:20, Luke 9:39, 10:20, Ephesians 2:2, “According to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience,” as in Satan.

3-a-3. Less often in plur. Of angels, as ministering spirits of God. Heb.1:14, “Are they not all ministering spirits.” Rev.1:4, “From the seven Spirits which are before His throne;” the seven archangels, see in Rev.3:1, 4:5, and 5:6, “The Seven Spirits of God.”

4. Of God in reference to His immateriality; John 4:24, “God is a Spirit.”

5. Of Christ in His exalted spiritual nature in distinction from His human nature. 1 Peter 3:18, “Being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit,” referring to the spiritual exaltation of Christ after His resurrection to be Head over all things to the church. Compare, Ephesians 1:20-21-22, in which spiritual nature also he is said (verse 19) to have preached through Noah, see 3-a-1. So, Romans 1:4, “According to the Spirit of holiness,” oppossed to verse 3, “Made of the seed of David according to the flesh.”

1 Timothy 3:16, “Justified in the Spirit.” Some understand the “eternal Spirit,” in, Hebrews 9:14, in opposition to the perishable beasts in verse 13, “Bulls and goats.” Compare, 7:15-16, “Arise another priest, who is made not after the law of carnal commandment, but after the power of and endless life,” with verse 24, “This man = (Jesus) continueth (for) ever.” While others understand here a Divine Spirit, influence. For, 1 Corinthians 15:45, see in. 2.a-1. 2 Corinthians 3:17, see 6-c.

6. Of the Spirit of God. In N.T. also, the Holy Spirit, and absol. The Spirit; called likewise, the Spirit of Christ, as being sent or communicated by him after his resurrection and ascension, as in Acts 16:7, “The Spirit suffered them not.” Romans 8:9, “The Spirit of Christ.” 1 Peter 1:11, Philippians 1:19, “The Spirit of Jesus Christ.” 2 Corinthians 3:17, “The Spirit of the Lord.” Galatians 4:6, “The Spirit of His Son.”

In N.T. this Spirit is everywhere represented as in intimate union with God the Father, and God the Son, as proceeding from, and sent forth by them, as possessing the same attributes and performing the same acts with God the Father and Son. The passages in N.T. in which “Spirit” is to be referred to this signification, may be divided into two classes, those in which being, intelligence, and agency are predicated of the Spirit; and, metonymically, those in which the effects and consequences of this agency are spoken of.

6-a. The Holy Spirit, as possessing being intelligence, agency, etc. Joined with God, Father, Christ, etc. with the same, or with different predicates. Matthew 28:19, “Baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.” 1 Corinthians 12:4, collectively with 5-6, “But the same Spirit,”-“and the same Lord,”–“It is the same God.”

2 Corinthians 13:14, “The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. A-men.” 1 Peter 1:2, “Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ.” Jude 20-21. “Praying in the Holy Ghost, keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ.” 1 John 5:7, “There are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.”

6-b. Spoken in connection with or in reference to God, as where intimate union or oneness with the Father is predicated of, “The Spirit.” John 15:26, “The Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father.” Where the same omniscience is predicated of, 1 Corinthians 2:10, “The Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God,” with verse 11, “Even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God.” Where the same things are predicated of which in other places are predicated of, as in Ananias and Sapphira are said to lie to the Holy Spirit, etc. Acts 5:3, “To lie to the Holy Ghost,” and so verse 9, “that ye agreed together to tempt the Spirit of the Lord?” Compare with verse 4, “Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God.”

As speaking through the prophets of the Septuagint, Acts 1:16, “Scripture — fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake.” Compare with, Acts 4:24, “Lifted up their voice to God,” verse 25, “By the mouth of thy servant David hast said.” Compare, Acts 3:21, “God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets,” with Hebrews 1:1, “God — spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets.” Acts 28:25, “Well spake the Holy Ghost by E-sa-ias.” Compare with, Isaiah 6:8, where the Hebrew is, “The voice of the LORD,” verse 11, “He = (God) answered.” Hebrews 3:7,”The Holy Spirit saith, today if ye will hear his voice,” compare with, Psalms 95:7, “To day if ye will hear His voice.” Hebrews 10:15, “The Holy Ghost also is a witness to us,” see verse 16, compare with Jeremiah 31:31, “Saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant etc.” So, Hebrews 9:8, “The Holy Ghost signifying,” compare with, Hebrews 1:1, “God — spake in time past.”

Also genr. As in speaking and warning men through prophets and apostles. Acts 7:51, “Ye do always resist the Holy Ghost as your fathers did,” compare with verse 52. Where a person is said to be born of the Spirit, spoken of the moral renovation, the new spiritual life imparted to those who sincerely embrace the gospel. John 3: 5-6-8, “So is every one that is born of the Spirit,” compare with, John 1:13, “Which were born not of blood — or flesh,– but of God.”

Where the Spirit etc. is said to dwell in, or be with Christians, as in Rom.8:9, “The Spirit of God dwell in you,” ver.11, “If the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, — by the Spirit that dwelleth in you.” 1 Corinthians 3:16, “Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you?”

1 Corinthians 6:19, “Your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you.” 2 Tim. 1:14, “By the Holy Ghost which dwelleth in us,” compare with, 2 Cor.6:16, “God hath said, I will dwell in them — and I will be their God.” John 14:23, Jesus said, “We = (Father and Son) will come unto him = (Christians,) and make our abode with him,” compare with, Ephesians 2:22, “Ye also are builded (being built) together for an habitation of God thought the Spirit.”

Where “the Spirit,” and “God,” are interchanged; As 1 Cor.12:11, “But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit.” spoken of miraculous gifts, compare verse 6, where it is, “It is the same God which worketh all in all.” So, Ephesians 6:17, “The sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.”

6-c. Spoken in connection with or in reference to Christ; as joined with in a form of swearing. Rom.9:1, “I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, –bearing me witness in the Holy Spirit.” In a solemn supplication, Romans 15:30, “I beseech you, brethren for the Lord Jesus Christ’s sake, and for the love of the Spirit.” In the renovation and sanctification of Christians, 1 Corinthians 6:11, “Ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God.”

2 Corinthians 3:17, “Now the Lord is that Spirit.” Compare verse 8, with rest of 17, “Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty,” with verse 18. Heb.10:29. So the Spirit, and Christ are said to be or dwell with men; Compare the examples cited above in (6-b,) with John 14:23, 15:4. 2 Corinthians 13:5. Ephesians 3:17. Also where the Holy Spirit is said to descend in a bodily form upon Jesus after His baptism. Matthew 3:16, Luke 3:22, Mark 1:10, John 1:32-33.

6-d. As coming to and acting upon men, Christians, exerting in and upon them an enlightening, strengthening, sanctifying influence. Thus where the Holy Spirit is represented as the author of revelations to men, as through the prophets of the O.T. Or as communicating a knowledge of future events, Acts 10:19, “The Spirit said unto him, behold three men seek thee.” Acts 20:23, “The Holy Ghost witnesseth in every city.” Acts 21:11, “Thus saith the Holy Ghost.”        1 Timothy 4:1, “The Spirit speaketh expressly.” Revelation 19:10.

Or as directing or impelling to any act, Acts 11:12. As communicating instruction, admonitions, warnings, invitations through the apostles; Revelation 2:7, verses 11-17-29, Revelation 3:6-13-22. Revelation 14:13, 22:17, as in, the Spirit and the whole church. 1 Corinthians 2:10, compare with (6-c.) As speaking through the disciples when brought before rulers, etc. Matthew 10:20, “The Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you.” Mark 13:11, Luke 12:12, “The Holy Ghost shall teach you.”

As qualifying the apostiles with power to propagate the Gospel, Acts 1:8, “Ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you.” Or aiding in building up and comforting the churches, Acts 9:31; or, in directing the appointment of church-officers, Acts 20:28; or assisting to speak and hear the Gospel correctly, 1 Corinthians 2:13, “Not in the words which man’s wisdom teacheth.” That is in words taught, suggested by the Holy Spirit, verse 14, “But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God.”

Emphatic, as the Spirit of the Gospel, 2 Corinthians 3:17, see above in (6-c.) Also as coming to Christians and remaining with them; imparting to them spiritual knowledge, aid, consolation, sanctification; making intercession with, and for them, etc. John 14:17-26, “But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, — He shall teach you all things.” John 15:26, “When the Comforter is come — even the Spirit of truth.”

As the Divine Spirit who will impart the knowledge of Divine truth; as in John 16:13, “The Spirit of truth, –He will guide you into all truth.” Rom.8:14, “For as many as are led by the Spirit of God,” and verse 16, “The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit.” verses 26, 27. Romans 14:17, 15:13-16. 2 Corinthians 1:22, 5:5.

Eph.3:16, “To be strengthened with might by His Spirit.” Eph.6:18. 1 Thessalonians 1:6. 2 Thessalonians 2:13. 1 Peter 1:22. So where any one is said to grieve the Holy Spirit; Ephesians 4:30, “Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed.” As by whose gifts and influences ye are strengthened and confirmed. Compare with, Isaiah 63:10, where Septuagint and Hebrew, “They rebelled, and vexed = (grieved) His Holy Spirit.”

6-e. Metonymically, the Holy Spirit, as put for the effects and consequences of the agency and operations of the Spirit of God, as a divine influence, a divine energy or power, an inspiration, resulting from the immediate agency of the Holy Spirit, as in Acts 1:8, “After that the Holy Ghost is come upon you.”

6-e-1. Spoken of the physical procreative energy exerted in the miraculous conception of Jesus. Luke 1:35, “The Holy Spirit shall come upon thee.” Where it is in the next clause, “And the power of the Highest.” Matt.1:18-20. So in respect to the conception of Isaac out of the course of nature, Galatians 4:29,”He that was born after the flesh = (Ishmael) persecuted him that was born after the Spirit = Isaac,) even so it is now.”

6-e-2. Of the special divine influence, inspiration, energy, which rested upon and existed in Jesus after the descent of the Holy Spirit upon him at his baptism. Luke 4:1, “Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost,” compare with, Luke 3:22. John 3:34, “God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him,” as the divine influence, energy, resting upon Christ was not measured and occasional, like that of prophets and apostles, but ever abundant and constant. Acts 1:2.

Matthew 12:18, “My beloved, — I will put my Spirit upon Him,” quoted from Isaiah 42:1, where Septuagint for Hebrew, “I put my spirit upon him.” Luke 4:18, “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me,” quoted from Isa.61:1, where Septuagint for Hebrew, is, “The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me.”

Acts 10:38, “God anointed Jesus — with the Holy Ghost and with power.” 1 John 5:6- 8, “The Spirit, and the water, and the blood,” as that divine spirit energy, which was in Jesus; by which also he was sealed as a spotless victim for his atoning sacrifice. Hebrew 9:14, “Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God.”

As prompting him to various actions, as to go into the desert to be tempted, Matthew 4:1. Mark 1:12. Luke 4:1, “Jesus — was led by the Spirit into the wilderness,” and afterwards to return into Galilee Luke 4:14, “Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee.”

As enabling him to cast out demons; Matthew 12:28, Jesus said, “I cast out devils by the Spirit of God.” Compare with, Luke11:20, where it is, Jesus said, “I with the finger of God cast out devils.” In this connection, the Holy Spirit is said to be blasphemed, Matthew 12:31-32, “Blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men.” Mark 3:29. Luke 12:10, compare, Matthew 12:28.

6-e-3. Of that divine influence by which prophets and holy men were excited, when they are said to have spoken or acted in, the spirit, or through the Spirit, as by inspiration. Matthew 22:43, “How then doth David in spirit call Him Lord.” Mark 12:36. So, 2 Peter 1:21, “Holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.” 1 Peter 1:11, “The Spirit of Christ which was in them — when it testified beforehand.” Of John in the Apocalypse, as being in a trance in his prophetic visions. Revelation 1:10, 4:2, 17:3, 21:10. Of the inspiration resting upon John the Baptist, Luke 1:15.

Of that divine influence and inspiration imparted to Christians by which they are taught, enlightened, guided, in respect to faith and practice. John 7:39, “But this spake he of the Spirit — the Holy Ghost was not yet given; because that Jesus was not yet glorified.” Compare, John 16:13-14. So Luke 11:13. Romans 5:5. 1 Corinthians 12:3, “No man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost.” 2 Corinthians 3:3, “The epistle of Christ — written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God.” Galatians 5:5.

Titus 3:5, “He saves us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost.” Hebrews 6:4. 1 Peter 4:14. So, when the disciples of Christ are said to be baptized with the Holy Spirit, as to be richly furnished with all spiritual gifts. Matthew 3:11, “He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire.” Mark 1:8. Luke 3:16. John 1:33. For Acts 1:5, and 11:16, see below, 6-e-4. Emphatic as the Spirit of the Gospel, put for the Gospel in opposition to the letter of the Mosaic law, 2 Corinthians 3:6-8; compare with, verse 17.

6-e-4. Of the influence of the Spirit by which the apostles were originally qualified to act as founders and directors of the church of Christ; John 20:22, “He = (Jesus) breathed on them = (disciples,) and saith — receive ye the Holy Ghost.” comp. with verse 23.

Especially of that powerful energy and inspiration imparted by the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost and afterwards, by which the Apostles and early Christians were endowed with high supernatural qualifications for their work; as a full knowledge of Gospel truth, the power of prophesying, of working miracles, of speaking with tongues, etc. As where they are said to be baptized with this Holy Spirit, Acts 1:5, and 11:16. Compare with, Acts 1:8. 1 Cor.12:13, compare verses 8-9. Acts 2:4, “They were filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues = (other languages) as the Spirit gave them utterance.” as the Spirit impelled them.

Acts 2:17-18, quoted from Joel 2:28-29, where Septuagint and Hebrew are, “I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh.” Acts 2:32-33, “Jesus — having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost,” with verse 38, “Ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.” Acts 5:32, 8:15-17-18-19. 9:17, 10:44-45-47. Acts 11:15-24, 13:9, 15:8, 19:2, “He = (Paul) said unto them, have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, we have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost.”

As they did not know that the Holy Spirit had yet been given, that the time foretold by Joel had arrived; compare with Acts 2:17-18. Acts 19:6. Romans 15:19, “Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God.” as through the power of the internal influences and revelations of the Spirit. 1 Corinthians 2:4, 7:40. 12:7-8-9.

1 Corinthians 14:2-32, “The spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets,” as inspiration and self possession go hand in hand. Holy inspiration can never cause confusion and disorder, compare verse 33, “For God is not the author of confusion.” Ephesians 1:13. Galatians 3:2-3-5-14. 1 Thessalonians 1:5, 4:8, 5:19, “Quench not the Spirit.” Compare,           2 Timothy 1:6, with Hebrews 2:4. 1 Peter 1:12.

So as prompting to, or restraining from particular actions or conduct; Acts 8:29-39, “The Spirit of the Lord caught away Philip.” As the divine influence, breath or blast of wind, which rested on Philip, hurried him away. Compare with, Matthew 4:1. So, Acts 13:2-4. 15:28. Matthew 16:6-7.

As prompting to boldness, energy, zeal, in speaking and acting. Acts 4:8,”Then Peter, filled with the Holy Ghost, said unto them.” ver.31, “They were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and they spake the word of God with boldness.” Acts 6:3, “Seven men — full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom,” with verses 5-10, also with verse 8. As the medium of divine communications and revelations, Acts 11:28, “signified by the Spirit that there should be great dearth = (famine.)” Acts 21:4, Ephesians 3:5. As the source of support, comfort, Christian joy and triumph, Acts 7:55. 13:52. Ephesians 5:18. Philippians 1:19. Plural, spiritual gifts, 1 Corinthians 14:12.

6-e-5. Spoken of that divine influence by which the temper or disposition of mind in Christians is affected; or rather, put for the spirit, temper, disposition of mind produced in Christians by the influences of the Holy Spirit, which corrects, elevates and dignifies all their views and feelings; fills the mind with peace and joy, and is the pledge and foretaste of everlasting happiness.

1. As opposed to that which is earthly, groveling and imperfect. John 3:6, “That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.” put for, that which is spiritual. That which has those dispositions and feelings which are produced by the Spirit of God.

Rom.8:1, “Who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit,” as not indulging the depraved affections and lusts of our physical natures and unrenewed hearts, but following those holy and elevated affections and desires which the Spirit imparts and cherishes. With verses 2-4-5-6-9-13, “By the Spirit.” 1 Corinthians 6:17, “He that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit,” as through the influence of the Spirit of God, they have the same disposition and same temper of mind with Christ. Galatians 5:16, “Walk in the spirit, and ye shall not fulfil the lust of the flesh,” with verses 17-18-22-25, 6:8.

2. Generally, Romans 8:9, “If any man have not the Spirit of Christ,” as having the same mind that Christ possessed, wrought in us by the Spirit. Compare, Ephesians 3:17. Romans 7:6. 8:15, “Ye have received the Spirit of adoption,” that is a spirit of sonship, as a filial spirit, with verse 23. 1 Corinthians 2:12. 2 Corinthians 6:6. Compare, Galatians 4:6, with, Romans 8:15. Ephesians 1:17, “May give to you the spirit of wisdom and revelation,” as in a spirit of wisdom and illumination, imparted through the Holy Spirit. Ephesians 2:18-22. 4:3-4. 5:9. Colossians 1:8. 1 Timothy 4:12. 1 John 3:24. 4:13. Jude 19.

Metonymically, spoken of a person or teacher who acts or professes to act under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, by divine inspiration. 1 Corinthians 12:10, “To the working of miracles; to another prophecy, etc.” The trying of spirits, or teachers, as a critical faculty of the mind quickened by the Holy spirit, consisting not only in the power of discerning who was a prophet and who was not, but also of distinguishing in the discourses of a teacher what proceeded from the Holy Spirit and what did not. 1 John 4:1, “Believe not every spirit, but try the spirits,” with verses 2-3-6. 1 Thessalonians 4:1,    2 Thessalonians 2:2, “Be not soon shaken, — neither by spirit, not by word,” as neither by any one professing to be inspired. 

Phillip LaSpino  www.seekfirstwisdom.com

Revelation Ch 1:1-11
 Scriptural Cross-reference!

Revelation Chapter 1:1-11
Opening Words! “Lord’s Day”
Scriptural Cross-reference & Biblical Interpretations!

“Do not Interpretations Belong to God” Genesis 40:8

Revelation 1:1  
“The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show to his servants the things that must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,”

What does the word “Revelation” mean?
The Greek word for “Revelation” is –apokalypsis Strongs G602,
The KJV translates Strong’s G602 in the following manner: revelation (12x), be revealed (2x), to lighten (with G1519) (1x), manifestation (1x), coming (1x), appearing (1x).
Strongs defines Revelation as:
“laying bare, making naked”
“a disclosure of truth, instruction concerning things before unknown”
“manifestation, appearance”

Why can a person who thinks they know everything about the scriptures not understand the Book of Revelation?

Where does the word “revelation” appear in the Bible?
“Apocalypses” or Revelation is used 18 times in the New Testament at:
Luke 2:32, Rom 2:5, 8:19, 16:25, 1 Cor 1:7, 14:6, 26, 2 Cor 12:1, 2 Cor 12:7, Gal 1:12, 2:2, Eph 1:17, 3:3, 2 Thes 1:7, 1 Pet 1:7, 13, 4:13.
“Apocalypse” or “revelation” is used 1 time in the Book of Revelation at Revelation 1:1.
At Revelation 15:4, the 144,000 conquerors sing the Song of Moses / Lamb where they sing, “your righteous acts have been revealed.”
Is “revealed” at Rev 15:4 a past tense word for apocalypse or revelation?

What is the only thing that is mentioned in every Chapter of the Book of Revelation?

The Greek word for “God” Strong’s G2316 – theos occurs 96 times and in every chapter of the Book of Revelation:
Rev 1:1, 2, 6, 8, 9
Rev 2:7, 18
Rev 3:1, 2, 12, 14
Rev 4:5, 8, 11
Rev 5:6, 9, 10
Rev 6:9
Rev 7:2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17
Rev 8:2, 4
Rev 9:4, 13
Rev 10:7
Rev 11:11, 13, 16, 17, 19
Rev 12:5, 6, 10, 17
Rev 13:6
Rev 14:4, 7, 10, 12, 19
Rev 15:1, 2, 3, 
Rev 16:1, 7, 9, 11, 14, 19, 21
Rev 17:17
Rev 18:5, 8, 20
Rev 19:1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17
Rev 20:4, 6
Rev 21:2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 22, 23
Rev 22:1, 3, 5, 6

Where God appears in all Chapters of the Book of Revelation, His Son is not mentioned in 7 Chapters Of Revelation: Chs 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 & 18.

What are the different Names for God in the Book of Revelation?
Rev 1:4, 8, 4:8. 11:17, 16:5, “who is & who was and who is to come”
Rev 11:17, 16:5, “who is & who was”
(Why does Revelation 11:17, 16:5 leave out “who is to come?”)
Rev 1:8, 4:8, 16:7, 14, 19:6, “the Almighty”
Rev 1:8, 21:6, 22:13, “Alpha & the Omega”
Rev 4:8, 14:7, the Creator
Rev 21:6, 22:13, “the Beginning and the End”
Rev 22:13 “the 1st and the Last,” Isaiah 41:4, 6, 48:12

Is God’s Name used in the Book of Revelation?
Yes! “Ya,” the abbreviated form of YHWH, occurs 4 times in Rev 19 at Rev 19:1, 3, 4, 6!
The Greek word for “Hallelujah” is Strong’s G239 – hallēlouia.
Hallelujah comes from 2 combined Hebrew words, “halal” “Ya.” “Halal” means praise & “Ya” is a contraction of God’s name, YHWH. 
“Ya,” Strong’s H3050 – yâ, occurs 49 times in the Hebrew scriptures with 43 of those occurrences in Psalms.
“YHWH,” God’s Name, Strong’s H3068, occurs 6,519 times in the Hebrew scriptures!
Psalm 104:35 CSB, Psalm 105:45 CSB, Psalm 106:1 CSB, Psalm 148:14 CSB, Psalm 112:1 CSB, Psalm 113:1 CSB, Psalm 113:9 CSB, Psalm 115:18 CSB, Psalm 116:19 CSB, Psalm 117:2 CSB, Psalm 135:1 CSB, Psalm 135:21 CSB, Psalm 146:1 CSB, Psalm 146:10 CSB, Psalm 147:1 CSB, Psalm 147:20 CSB, Psalm 148:1 CSB, Psalm 148:14 CSB, Psalm 149:1 CSB, Psalm 149:9 CSB, Psalm 150:1 CSB, Psalm 150:6 CSB.

The Greek word for Jesus or Yeshua is Strong’s G2424 – iēsous which occurs 975 times in the New Testament and 14 times in Revelation at Rev 1:1, 2, 5, 9, 12:17, 14:2, 17:6, 19:10, 20:4, 22:16, 22:20, 22:21.

“Christ,” Strong’s G5547 – christos occurs 7 times in Revelation at Rev 1:1, 2, 5, 15, 12:10, 20:4, 6.
What does the Word Christ or Greek Christos mean?
Christ means anointed or messiah.
The Greek word for “Jesus” / “Yeshua” is Strong’s G2424 – iēsous which occurs 14 times in Revelation at Rev 1:1, 2, 5, 9, 12:17, 14:12, 17:6, 19:10, 20:4, 22:16, 20, 21.

What are the different names for Christ in the Book of Revelation?
Rev 1:5, 3:14, 19:11, “the faithful witness,” “the faithful and true witness”
Rev 1:5, 18, 2:8, “the first born of the dead,” Col 1:18.
Rev 1:5, “the ruler of Kings on earth”
Rev 1:13, 14:14, “Son of man”
Rev 1:17-18, 2:8, “the first and the last” “who was dead and come to life”
Rev 1:18 ” the Living one”
Rev 2:18, “Son of God”
Rev 3:7, “He who is Holy”
Rev 3:7, “He who is true”
Rev 3:7, “He who has the key of David” 
Rev 3:14, “the Amen”
Rev 3:14, “the beginning of God’s creation,” Col 1:15, 18, Heb 1:6.
Rev 5:6, 8, 12, 13, 6:1, 9, 16, 7:9, 10, 14, 17, 12:11, 13:8, 11, 14:1, 4, 10, 15:3, 17:14, 17:14, 19:7, 9, 21:9, 14, 22, 23, 27, 22:1, 3    “Lamb”
Rev 12:10, “Authority of His Christ”
Rev 17:14, ” Lord of lords and King of kings”
Rev 19:13, “the Word of God”
Rev 19:9, “the marriage of the Lamb”
Rev 19:16, “King of Kings and Lord of Lords”
Rev 21:9, “Lamb’s bride”
Rev 21:27 “Lamb’s book of Life”
Rev 22:16, “the root and the offspring of David”
Rev 22:16, “the Bright and Morning Star”

Christ refers to His Father as “My God” 4 times in Revelation at Rev 3:3, 12.
also Matthew 27:46 and John 20:17.

“which God gave him to show to his servants the things that must soon take place.”

Who gave the Revelation to Christ?
What is God’s purpose of the Book of Revelation?
For who is Revelation specifically written?
Is the Book of Revelation written to all the people of earth?

“show unto His servants things that must soon take place” Rev 1:1,
Repeated in the introduction and conclusion of Revelation at – Rev 1:1, 22:6.

The Greek word for “servants” is Strong’s G1401 – doulos which occurs 14 times in Revelation at Rev 1:1, 2:20, 6:15, 7:3, 10:7, 11:18, 13:16, 15:3, 19:2. 5, 19:2, 5, 18, 22:3, 6.
11 times refers to God’s servants.
3 times refers to Babylon’s and the Beasts servants at Rev 6:15, 13:16, 19:18.
“Servants” appears in the introduction & conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:1 & 22:3, 6.

“He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,”

Who is the “He” who sent His angel in vs 1?
(Consider Rev 22:16)
“by sending his angel to his servant John” – Rev 1:1.
Repeated in the introduction and conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:1, 22:16.

What is the chain of command of the Book of Revelation? (4 listed in verse 1)

Revelation 1:2
“who bore witness to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, even to all that he saw.”

What was John bearing witness to in Revelation 1:2?

What are the similarities and the differences between Revelation 1:2, 9?

“Word of God” is used 5 times in Revelation at Rev 1:2, 9, 6:9, 19:13, 20:4.

In addition to John, who also in Revelation are bearing witness to the “word of God” & “testimony of Christ?” (Rev 6:9, Rev 20:4)

“Word of God” & “testimony of Christ” occurs 4 times together in Revelation at:
Introduction – Rev 1:2, 9, John bore witness to in both scriptures.
5th Seal – Rev 6:9, “slain” “souls” under the altar.
1,000 Year Reign – Rev 20:4, beheaded Priests, kings & Judges. 

Who is identified as the “Word of God” in Revelation 19:13?
Christ is referred to as the “word of God” in 6th Bowl Armageddon at Rev 19:13
Christ is the word or Logos (Greek) at John 1:1

What English word comes from the Greek word translated “witness,” “testified” & “testimony” in the Book of Revelation?
How strong of a witness or testimony is conveyed by the Greek words martyreō, martyria & martys?
Greek words for “witness,” “testified” & “testimony.”
The Greek word for “witness” or “testified,” martyreō, Strongs G3140, occurs at Rev 1:2.
 “Martyreō”  is used 3 times in Revelation’s introduction at Rev 1:2, 5, 9 and 3 additional times in the conclusion of Revelation at Rev 22:16, 22:18, 22:20.
The Greek word for “testimony” is martyria, Strongs G3141, occurs 9 times at Rev 1:2, 9, 6:9, 11:7, 12:11, 17, 19:10, 20:4, Matt 10:18.
The Greek word for “witness” is martys Strongs G3144, occurs 5 times at Rev 1:5, 2:13, 3:14, 11:3, 17:6.

What does Rev 19:10 mean when it says, “For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy?” 
What is Christ’s Testimony?
Where can we find Christ’s Testimony?

“John bore witness to” “even to all that he saw.” occurs in the introduction & conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:2, 22:8

3 Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear, and who keep what is written in it, for the time is near.

What 3 things must God’s servants do to have His Blessings in the Book of Revelation?

1) “read aloud” 
2) “Hear”
3) “Keep what is written”

“Blessed” is repeated in the introduction and 2 times in the conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:3, 22:7,14.
“Blessed are those” “who keep what is written” is repeated in the introduction and in the conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:3, 22:7.
“Keeps what is written” occurs 1 times in the introduction and 2 times in the conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:3, 22:7, 9.
“Hear” in the past tense, “heard” is repeated 2 times in the conclusion of Revelation at Rev 22:8.

There is an incredible amount of writing going on in the Book of Revelation:
“Write” used in Revelation 29 times in the Book of Revelation.
The Greek word for “write” is Strongs G1125, graphō, Rev 1:3, 11, 19, 2:1, 8, 12, 17-18, 3:1, 7, 12, 14, 5:1, 10:4, 13:8, 14:1, 13, 17:5, 8, 19:9, 19:12, 16, 20:12, 15, 21:5, 27, 22:18-19.

1) John Instructed to “Write” – Rev 1:11, 19, 2:1, 8, 12, 18, 3:1, 7, 3:14, 10:4, 14:13, 19:9, 21:5

2) Emphasis on “Written” words of Revelation Rev 1:3, 22:18-19,

3) Writings in Heaven:
“Written” “Scroll” in heaven Rev 5:1,
“Written,” “Book” & “Books” in heaven opened Rev 20:12,
“Write” “New Names” Rev 2:17, “Name of My God,” “Name of the City of My God” & “My own New Name” Rev 3:12, “His Father’s Name Written on their foreheads” Rev 14:1, Harlot’s name “forehead” Rev 7:5,
“He has a Name Written that no one know but Himself” Rev 19:12,
“On His robe & thigh He has a name written” Rev 19:16, “Written” “Lambs Book of Life” Rev 13:8, 17:8, 20:12, 15, 21:27

“Written” or Write” occurs 3 times in the introduction at Rev 1:3, 11, 19 and 2 times in the conclusion at Rev 22:18, 19.

How important are the written words of God according to Revelation?

“For the time is near” occurs in the introduction and conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:3, 22:10.

Revelation 1:4
John to the seven churches that are in Asia: Grace to you and peace from Him who is, and who was, and who is to come, and from the seven spirits who are before His throne,

John to the seven churches that are in Asia:

According to Revelation 1:1, 4, 22:16, to whom was Revelation written?
In Revelation 1:4-5 who are specifically greeting the 7 Churches?

“Churches” Strong’s G1577 – ekklēsia, occurs 20 times in Revelation at Rev 1:4, 11, 20, 2:1, 7, 8, 11,12, 17, 18, 23, 29, 3:1, 6, 7, 13,14, 22, 22:16.

“7 Churches” is repeated in the introduction and conclusion of Revelation at Rev 1:4, 22:16.

“Seven” occurs 57 times in the Book of Revelation and used to describe 22 different tings.
“Seven” in Revelation hepta, Strong’s G2033,  Rev 1:4, 11-12, 16, 20, 2:1, 3:1, 4:5, 5:1, 5-6, 6:1, 8:2, 6, 10:3-4, 11:13, 12:3, 13:1, 15:1, 6-8, 16:1, 17:1, 3, 7, 9-11, 21:9.
7 in Revelation Page Link
7 in Revelation Picture Link

Grace to you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come,

“Grace” only occurs 2 times in Revelation and is repeated in the introduction & conclusion at Rev 1:4, 22:21.

“who is & who was and who is to come“
Rev 1:4, 8, 4:8. 11:17, 16:5,
Why does Revelation 11:17, 16:5 leave out “who is to come.”

Opposite language regarding the beast – “who was but is not” Rev 17: 8, 11

How can we tell in Revelation 1:4 the “who is & who was and who is to come” is speaking about God and not His son? (answer in Rev 1:4 & 5)

“Come” or “Coming” occurs 36 times in the Book of Revelation at Rev 1:4, 7, 8, 2:5, 16, 3:10, 11, 4:8, 5:7, 6:1, 3, 5, 7, 7:13, 14, 8:3, 9:12, 11:14, 11:18, 14:7, 15, 16:15, 17:1, 10, 19:7, 21:9, 22:7, 12, 17, 20.
The Greek word “to come” or “coming” is erchomai, Strongs G2064 Rev 4:8, 22:7
God’s Son Christ is a God but YHWH is God Almighty.

YHWH “to come” or “coming” – Rev 1:4, 1:8, 4:8, 11:18

Christ “to Come” or “Coming” in Revelation,  Rev 1:7, 8, 2:5, 16, 3:11, 16:15, 22:12, 20.

Christ’s Letter to Philadelphia – “Hour of trial is coming,” Rev 3:10
1st – 4th Seals – 4 Horsemen “come,” Rev 6:1, 3, 5, 7,
6th Seal – “God” YHWH & “Lamb” Christ, “the great day of their WRATH has come,” Rev 6:17
5th – 7th Trumpet – “come” “came” for 3 woes, Rev 9:12, 11:14
7th Trumpet – YHWH “Almighty” “WRATH came” Rev 11:16-19
1st message of eternal gospel – “Hour of Judgment has come” Rev 14:7
“Hour to Reap has come” Rev 14:15
Babylon’s Judgment has “come” Rev 18:10
“Marriage of the Lamb has come” Rev 19:7

and from the seven spirits, who are before his throne,

What are “the 7 spirits, who are before His throne?”
“7 Spirits” before God’s Throne occur at Rev 1:4, 3:1, 4:5, 5:6

The Greek word for “spirit” is Strong’s G4151 – pneuma, which occurs 385 times in the New Testament.
“Spirit” occurs 24 times in the Book of Revelation at Rev 1:4, 10, 2:7, 11, 17, 29, 3:1, 6, 13, 22, 4:2, 5, 6, 11:11, 13:15, 14:3, 16:13, 14, 17:3, 18:2, 19:10, 21:10, 22:6, 17.
“Spirit” is linked with evil in 4 of the 24 occurrences at Rev 13:5, 16:13, 16:14, 18:2.
“Spirit” appears 2 times in the introduction of Revelation at Rev 1:4, 10 and 2 times in the conclusion at Rev 22:6 and 22:17.

How does God’s Holy Spirit get to people on earth?
answer: Rev 5:6

What is the significance of a greeting “from the seven spirits who are before His throne?”
Why does Revelation 1:4 say about the 7 spirits “who are before His throne” instead of “that are before His throne?”

Did you know that the 7 Seals, 7 Trumpets & 7 Bowls of Wrath all take place in front of God’s Throne? (Rev 4, 5, 8:1-6, 15)
God’s Throne!
The 7 Seals, 7 Trumpets & 7 Bowls of Wrath ALL take place from the perspective of God’s Throne in Heaven!
In the Book of Revelation YHWH’s THRONE appears 36 times!
Revelation describes what is happening in Heaven “on,” “before,” “from,” “on each side of,” “around,” “in the midst of” & “round about” YHWH’s THRONE!

God’s Throne in Revelation Scriptural Summary:
Revelation 1, 1X – Greetings from God’s Throne! Rev 1:4.
Revelation 3, 1X – Church of Laodicea, Rev 3:21
Revelation 4, 11Xs – 7 Seals opening vision provides a whole chapter describing God’s Throne! – Rev 4:2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10,
Revelation 5, 5Xs – Lamb worthy to open 7 Seals around God’s Throne, Rev 5:1, 6, 7, 11, 13.
Revelation 6, 1X – 6th Seal Wrath of God, Rev 6:16.
Revelation 7, 5Xs – 6th Seal continued, Rev 7:9, 10, 11, 15, 17.
Revelation 8, 1X – 7 Trumpets opening vision, Rev 8:3.
Revelation 12, 1X – Man Child caught up to God’s Throne. Rev 12:5
Revelation 14, 2Xs – Lamb with 144,000 singing new song before God’s Throne, Rev 14:4, 5.
Revelation 16, 1X – 7th Bowl of Wrath announcement from God’s Throne, Rev 16:17.
Revelation 19, 2Xs – Heavens celebrate Babylon’s Judgment around God’s Throne, Rev 19:4, 5.
Revelation 20, 2Xs – Dead Judged before the Great White Throne, Rev 20:11, 12.
Revelation 21, 2Xs – 2 Announcements from God’s Throne – God Tabernacles with Humans & I am making all things new! Rev 21:3, 5.
Revelation 22, 2Xs – 1st time “Throne of God & of the Lamb” are mentioned twice. Rev 22:1, 3.

YHWH & His Son’s Throne occurs together at Rev 3:21, 22:3,
Satan’s “throne”2:13,
“24 Elders” “Thrones” Rev 4:4, 11:16,
“Priests” “Kings” “Thrones” Rev 20:4

Revelation 1:5
“and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and released us from our sins by His blood”

5 and from Jesus Christ the faithful witness,

“Christ,” Strong’s G5547 – christos occurs 7 times in Revelation at Rev 1:1, 2, 5, 15, 12:10, 20:4, 6.
What does the Word Christ or Greek Christos mean?
Christ means anointed or messiah.
The Greek word for “Jesus” / “Yeshua” is Strong’s G2424 – iēsous which occurs 14 times in Revelation at Rev 1:1, 2, 5, 9, 12:17, 14:12, 17:6, 19:10, 20:4, 22:16, 20, 21.

faithful occurs 8 time in Revelation – pistos Strongs G3982
Jesus “faithful “witness” “true”  Rev 3:14, 19:11
“Antipas” “faithful witness” 2:13
“faithful” in Revelation, Rev 2:10, 17:14, 20:5, 22:6,
Jesus’ words using “faithful” Matt 24:45, 25:21-23, Luke 12:42, 16:10-11

What English word comes from the Greek word translated “witness,” “testified” & “testimony” in the Book of Revelation?
How strong of a witness or testimony is conveyed by the Greek words martyreō, martyria & martys?
Greek words for “witness,” “testified” & “testimony.”
The Greek word for “witness” or “testified,” martyreō, Strongs G3140, occurs at Rev 1:2.
 “Martyreō”  is used 3 times in Revelation’s introduction at Rev 1:2, 5, 9 and 3 additional times in the conclusion of Revelation at Rev 22:16, 22:18, 22:20.
The Greek word for “testimony” is martyria, Strongs G3141, occurs 9 times at Rev 1:2, 9, 6:9, 11:7, 12:11, 17, 19:10, 20:4, Matt 10:18.
The Greek word for “witness” is martys Strongs G3144, occurs 5 times at Rev 1:5, 2:13, 3:14, 11:3, 17:6.

“the firstborn of the dead,”

According to Rev 1:5, 1:18, 2:8, Col 1:15, 18, John 3:13 what does the phrase “firstborn of the dead” mean?

Jesus “firstborn among many brothers” Rom 8:29

Christ is also the “firstborn of all creation” at Rev 3:14,  Col 1:15, 18, Heb 1:6

How is Christ described as “the firstborn from the dead” in Revelation & the Bible a part fulfillment of YHWH’s Feast of First Fruits?

Can you see the additionl future fullfillment of YHWH’s Feast of First Fruits in Rev 14:4, 20:4, 5, 6?

Feast of Firstfruits Future Fulfillment in Revelation Rev 14:4, 20:4, 5, 6.
“order” of  “firstfruits” 1 Cor 15:20
“Heavenly Jerusalem” called “assembly of firstborn” Heb 11:22, 23
“144,000” “firstfruits” 2 Thes 2:13, James 1:18
Nation of Israel foreshadow of 144,000 “firstfruits” Rom 11:16, Jer 2:3
“firstfruits of the Spirit” Rom 8:23
“First Resurrection” Rev 20:4-6

“and the ruler of kings on earth.”

What “Kings” is Christ referring to at Revelation 1:5?

➥ Revelation 5:9-10
9 They sang a new song, saying, “You are worthy to take the book, And to open its seals: For you were killed, And bought us for God with your blood, Out of every tribe, language, people, and nation,
10 And made them kings and priests to our God, And they reign on earth.”

➥ Revelation 20:4-6
4 Then I saw THRONES, and seated on them were those to whom the AUTHORITY to JUDGE was committed. Also I saw the souls of those who had been BEHEADED for the testimony of Jesus and for the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and REIGNED with Christ for a thousand years. 5 The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended. This is the first resurrection. 6 Blessed and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection! Over such the second death has no power, but they will be PRIESTS of God and of Christ, and they will REIGN with him for a thousand years.

“KINGS”

Revelation 1:5, 5:10, 20:4-6, Revelation 3:21, 2:26-27, 2 Timothy 2:12, Daniel 7:13, 14, 18, 22, 27.

Foreshadow of the 144,000 Kings occurs at Genesis 17:6 and Exodus 19:5, 6.

The Greek word for “King” basileus Strongs G934  occurs 21 times in the Book of Revelation.
Rev 1:5, 6, 9:11, 11:15 15:3, 16:12 17:14, 19:16, 20:4, 6.
Satanic controlled “Kings”  in Revelation, basileus Strongs G934  Rev 6:5, 10:11, 16:14, 17:10-12, 18, 18:3, 9, 19:18-19, 21:24

To him who loves us and has freed us from our sins by his blood
(Jesus’ “blood” “freed” Rev 1:5, “blood” “redeemed” Rev 5:9-10, “overcame by blood of Lamb” Rev 12:10-11, “Lamb slain” 5:6, 9, 12, 13:8, “Lamb” appears 30 times in Revelation.)

Revelation 1:6
“and He made us into a kingdom, priests to His God and Father—to Him be the glory and the dominion forever and ever. Amen.”

6 and made us a kingdom, priests to his God and Father,
(“Kingdom” basileia Strongs G932 Rev 1:6, 9, 5:10, 11:15, 12:10, Exo 19:6)
(Rev 5:9-10, 12:5, 20:4, 6, 21:4, 14 1 Pet 2:5, Exo 19:6)
(“priest” hiereus G2413 Rev 1:6, 5:10, 20:6)
to him be glory and dominion (5:13) forever and ever. Amen.
(“glory” to Jesus – Rev 1.6, 5.12, 5.13, 22:23)
(“glory” to YHWH – Rev 4.9, 11, 5:13, 7:12, 11:13, 14:7, 15:8, 16:9, 19:7, 21:11, 21:23)
(“glory” to Father & Son COMBINED! – Rev 15:13, 21:23)
(“glory and dominion forever and ever” – Rev 1:6, 5:13. 14, 7:12: 10:6, 11:15)
(“alive” or “live” “for ever and ever” – Rev 1:18, 4:10, 5:14, 10:6)
(“reign” “for ever and ever” – Rev 22:5)

What distinction is made between the Father & Son in Revelation 1:4-6?

7 Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him,
(Matt 25:31-46)
and all tribes of the earth will wail on account of him. Even so. Amen.
(Matt 24:29-30)

8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God,
Rev 1:8, (1:11 KJV), 21:6, 22:13
“who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”
(“who is & who was” Rev 1:4, 8, 11:17, 16:5, Opposite “who was but is not” Rev 17:11)
(“Almighty” pantokrator Strongs G3841 Rev 1:8, 4:8, 11:17, 15:3, 16:7, 16:14, 19:6, 15, 21:22)

9 I, John, your brother and partner in the tribulation
(Rev 2:9, 2;10, 2:22, 7:14)
and the kingdom and the patient endurance that are in Jesus,
(“Kingdom” basileia Strongs G932 Rev 1:6, 9, 5:10, 11:15, 12:10, Exo 19:6)
(“patient endurance” hypomone Strongs G5281 Rev 1:9, 2:2-3, 19, 3:10, 13:10, 14;12)
was on the island called Patmos on account of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.
(“Word of God” Rev 1:2, 9, 6:9, 19:13, 20:4)
(“testimony” martyria Strongs G3141 Rev 1:9, 6:9, 11:7, 12:11, 17, 19:10, 20:4, Matt 10:18
“witness” or “testify”martyreō Strongs G3140 Rev 1:2, 22:16, 22:18, 22:20
“witness” martys Strongs G3144  Rev 1:5, 2:13, 3:14, 11:3, 17:6)

10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day,
The Entire Bible Foreshadows or prophesies about the Lord’s Day or the Day of the Lord
Link to Extensive Content
and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet
(same voice at Rev 1:10, 12 4:1)

11 saying, “Write what you see in a book and send it to the seven churches,
(“Write” used in Revelation Strongs G1125 graphō, Rev 1:3, 11, 19, 2:1, 8, 12, 17-18, 3:1, 7, 12, 14, 5:1, 10:4, 13:8, 14:1, 13, 17:5, 8, 19:9, 19:12, 16, 20:12, 15, 21:5, 27, 22:18-19,
John Instructed to “Write” – Rev 1:11, 19, 2:1, 8, 12, 18, 3:1, 7,  3:14, 10:4, 14:13, 19:9, 21:5
Emphasis on “Written” words of Revelation Rev 1:3, 22:18-19,
“Written” “Scroll” in heaven Rev 5:1,
“Written,” “Book” & “Books” in heaven opened Rev 20:12,
“Write” “New Names” Rev 2:17, “Name of My God,” “Name of the City of My God” & “My own New Name” Rev 3:12, “His Father’s Name Written on their foreheads” Rev 14:1, Harlot’s name “forehead” Rev 7:5,
“He has a Name Written that no one know but Himself” Rev 19:12,
“On His robe & thigh He has a name written” Rev 19:16, “Written” “Lambs Book of Life” Rev 13:8, 17:8, 20:12, 15, 21:27)

to Ephesus and to Smyrna and to Pergamum and to Thyatira and to Sardis and to Philadelphia and to Laodicea.”
(Location of “7 Churches” in Revelation – Rev 1:4, 11, 20, 2:1, 7, 8, 11,12, 17, 18, 23, 29, 3:1, 6, 7, 13,14, 22, 22:16)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the philosophical concept. For other uses, see Pneuma (disambiguation).

Pneuma (πνεῦμα) is an ancient Greek word for «breath», and in a religious context for «spirit» or «soul».^[1][2] It has various technical meanings for medical writers and philosophers of classical antiquity, particularly in regard to physiology, and is also used in Greek translations of ruach רוח in the Hebrew Bible, and in the Greek New Testament.

In classical philosophy, it is distinguishable from psyche (ψυχή), which originally meant «breath of life», but is regularly translated as «spirit» or most often «soul».^[3]

Presocratics[edit]

Pneuma, «air in motion, breath, wind», is equivalent in the material monism of Anaximenes to aer (ἀήρ, «air») as the element from which all else originated. This usage is the earliest extant occurrence of the term in philosophy.^[4] A quotation from Anaximenes observes that «just as our soul (psyche), being air (aer), holds us together, so do breath (pneuma) and air (aer) encompass the whole world.» In this early usage, aer and pneuma are synonymous.^[5]

Aristotle[edit]

The «connate pneuma» (symphuton pneuma) of Aristotle is the warm mobile «air» that plays many roles in Aristotle’s biological texts. It is in sperm and is responsible for transmitting the capacity for locomotion and certain sensations to the offspring. These movements derive from the soul of the parent and are embodied by the pneuma as a material substance in semen.

Pneuma is necessary for life, and as in medical theory is involved with preserving the «vital heat,» but some commentators think the Aristotelian pneuma is less precisely and thoroughly defined than that of the Stoics.^[3]

Movement of Animals explains the activity of desire (orexis) as an expansion and contraction of pneuma. The innate spirit (symphuton pneuma) is the power of the soul (psychiken) to be mobile (kinetikon) and exercise strength.

All animals «possess an inborn spirit (pneuma sumphuton) and exercise their strength in virtue of it.» (703a10). This inborn spirit is used to explain desire (orexis), which is classified as the «central origin (to meson), which moves by being itself moved.» (703a56). Aristotle furthers this idea of being a «middle cause» by furnishing the metaphor of the movement of the elbow, as it relates to the immobility of the shoulder (703a13). The inborn pneuma is, likewise, tethered to the soul, or as he says here, tēn arche tēn psuchikēn, «the origin of the soul,» the soul as the center of causality. This «spirit» is not the soul itself but a limb of the soul that helps it move.

The inborn spirit causes movement in the body by expanding and contracting. Each of these implies not only a movement but also a change in the degree of power and strength of the animal. «when it contracts it is without force, and one and the same cause gives it force and enables it to thrust.» (703a23).

He also explained this in On Sleeping and Waking «In another place it has been laid down that sense-perception originates in the same part of an animal’s body as movement does…In sanguineous animals this is the region about the heart; for all sanguineous animals possess a heart, and both movement and the dominant sense-perception originate there. As for movement, it is clear that breathing and in general the process of cooling takes its rise here, and that nature has supplied both breathing and the power of cooling by moisture with a view to the conservation of the heat in that part. We will discuss this later on. In bloodless animals and insects and creatures which do not respire, the naturally inherent breath is seen expanding and contraction in the part which corresponds to the heart in other animals.» 456a1–13.

«Since it is impossible to make any movement, or do any action without strength, and the holding of the breath produces strength» 456a17.

Pneuma also played an important role in respiration. Respiration is the process by which breathing helps to cool and moderate the inner vital heat (thermotēta psychikēs) held in the heart.

«We have said before that life and the possession of heat depend upon some degree of heat; for digestion, by which animals assimilate their food, cannot take place apart from the soul and heat; for all food is rendered digestible by fire.» 474a25–27.

Aristotle explains that if there is an excess of heat created in the heart the animal will «burn out» by excessively consuming the power sustaining its life (474b10–24). Its heat must be kindled (474b13) and in order to preserve (sōtērias) life, a cooling must take place (katapsyxis) (474b23).

Stoicism[edit]

In Stoic philosophy, pneuma is the concept of the «breath of life,» a mixture of the elements air (in motion) and fire (as warmth).^[6] For the Stoics, pneuma is the active, generative principle that organizes both the individual and the cosmos.^[7] In its highest form, pneuma constitutes the human soul (psychê), which is a fragment of the pneuma that is the soul of God (Zeus). As a force that structures matter, it exists even in inanimate objects.^[8] In the foreword to his 1964 translation of Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations, Maxwell Staniforth writes:

Cleanthes, wishing to give more explicit meaning to Zeno’s ‘creative fire’, had been the first to hit upon the term pneuma, or ‘spirit’, to describe it. Like fire, this intelligent ‘spirit’ was imagined as a tenuous substance akin to a current of air or breath, but essentially possessing the quality of warmth; it was immanent in the universe as God, and in man as the soul and life-giving principle.^[9]

In the Stoic universe, everything consists of matter and pneuma. There are three grades or kinds of pneuma, depending on their proportion of fire and air.

• The pneuma of state or tension (tonos). This unifying and shaping pneuma provides stability or cohesion (hexis) to things; it is a force that exists even in objects such as a stone, log, or cup. The 4th-century Christian philosopher Nemesius attributes the power of pneuma in Stoic thought to its «tensile motion» (tonicê kinêsis); that is, the pneuma moves both outwards, producing quantity and quality, and at the same time inwards, providing unity and substance. An individual is defined by the equilibrium of its inner pneuma, which holds it together and also separates it from the world around it.^[10]
• The pneuma as life force. The vegetative pneuma enables growth (physis) and distinguishes a thing as alive.
• The pneuma as soul. The pneuma in its most rarefied and fiery form serves as the animal soul (psychê); it pervades the organism, governs its movements, and endows it with powers of perception and reproduction.^[11] This concept of pneuma is related to Aristotle’s theory that the pneuma in sperm conveys the capacity for locomotion and for certain sensory perceptions to the offspring.^[12]

A fourth grade of pneuma may also be distinguished. This is the rational soul (logica psychê) of the mature human being, which grants the power of judgment.^[13]

In Stoic cosmology, the cosmos is a whole and single entity, a living thing with a soul of its own. ^[14] Everything that exists depends on two first principles which can be neither created nor destroyed: matter, which is passive and inert, and the logos, or divine reason, which is active and organizing.^[15] The 3rd-century BC Stoic Chrysippus regarded pneuma as the vehicle of logos in structuring matter, both in animals and in the physical world.^[16] This divine pneuma that is the soul of the cosmos supplies the pneuma in its varying grades for everything in the world, ^[17] a spherical continuum of matter held together by the orderly power of Zeus through the causality of the pneuma that pervades it.

Pneuma in its purest form can thus be difficult to distinguish from logos or the «constructive fire» (pur technikon)^[18] that drives the cyclical generation and destruction of the Stoic cosmos. When a cycle reaches its end in conflagration (ekpyrôsis), the cosmos becomes pure pneuma from which it regenerates itself.^[19]

Christian philosophy[edit]

In his Introduction to the 1964 book Meditations, the Anglican priest Maxwell Staniforth discussed the profound impact of Stoicism on Christianity. In particular:

Another Stoic concept which offered inspiration to the Church was that of ‘divine Spirit’. Cleanthes, wishing to give more explicit meaning to Zeno’s ‘creative fire’, had been the first to hit upon the term pneuma, or ‘spirit’, to describe it. Like fire, this intelligent ‘spirit’ was imagined as a tenuous substance akin to a current of air or breath, but essentially possessing the quality of warmth; it was immanent in the universe as God, and in man as the soul and life-giving principle. Clearly it is not a long step from this to the ‘Holy Spirit’ of Christian theology, the ‘Lord and Giver of life’, visibly manifested as tongues of fire at Pentecost and ever since associated – in the Christian as in the Stoic mind – with the ideas of vital fire and beneficient warmth.^[20]

Philo, a 1st-century Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, commented on the use of Πνοή, rather than πνευμα, in the Septuagint translation of Genesis 2:7. Philo explains that, in his view, pneuma is for the light breathing of human men while the stronger pnoē was used for the divine Spirit.^[21] Pneuma is a common word for «spirit» in the Septuagint and the Greek New Testament. At John 3:5, for example, pneuma is the Greek word translated into English as «spirit»: «Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit (pneuma), he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.» In some translations such as the King James version, however, pneuma is then translated as «wind» in verse eight, followed by the rendering «Spirit»: «The wind (pneuma) bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit (pneuma).»

Ancient Greek medical theory[edit]

In ancient Greek medicine, pneuma is the form of circulating air necessary for the systemic functioning of vital organs. It is the material that sustains consciousness in a body. According to Diocles and Praxagoras, the psychic pneuma mediates between the heart, regarded as the seat of Mind in some physiological theories of ancient medicine, and the brain.^[22]

The disciples of Hippocrates explained the maintenance of vital heat to be the function of the breath within the organism. Around 300 BC, Praxagoras discovered the distinction between the arteries and the veins, although close studies of vascular anatomy had been ongoing since at least Diogenes of Apollonia. In the corpse arteries are empty; hence, in the light of these preconceptions they were declared to be vessels for conveying pneuma to the different parts of the body. A generation afterwards, Erasistratus made this the basis of a new theory of diseases and their treatment. The pneuma, inhaled from the outside air, rushes through the arteries till it reaches the various centres, especially the brain and the heart, and there causes thought and organic movement.^[23]

Pneumatic school[edit]

The Pneumatic school of medicine (Pneumatics, or Pneumatici, Greek: Πνευματικοί) was an ancient school of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome. They were founded in Rome by Athenaeus of Cilicia, in the 1st century AD.

The Roman era was a time when the Methodic school had enjoyed its greatest reputation, from which the Pneumatic school differed principally in that, instead of the mixture of primitive atoms, they adopted an active principle of immaterial nature, pneuma, or spirit. This principle was the cause of health and disease. It is from Galen that we learn the doctrines of the founder of the Pneumatic school.

Plato and Aristotle had already laid the foundations of the doctrine of pneuma, for which, Aristotle was the first to describe the ways in which the pneuma is introduced into the body and the sanguineous system. The Stoics developed the theory even more and applied it to the functions of the body. Erasistratus and his successors had made the pneuma act a great part in health and disease. Thus, the theory of the pneuma was not a new one. The Methodic school, however, appears to have done away with much of the theory. The Pneumatic school, in choosing to oppose the Methodic school, adopted a firmly established principle, and chose the pneuma principle of the Stoics.^[24]

They thought that logic was indispensable to medicine, and Galen tells us that the Pneumatic school would rather have betrayed their country than renounce their opinions.^[25] Athenaeus had also adopted much of the doctrines of the Peripatetics,^[26] and besides the doctrine of the pneuma, he developed the theory of the elements much more than the Methodic school had done. He recognised in the four elements the positive qualities (poiotes) of the animal body; but he often regarded them as real substances, and gave to the whole of them the name of Nature of Man.^[27] Although the Pneumatici attributed the majority of diseases to the pneuma,^[28] they nevertheless paid attention to the mixture of the elements. The union of heat and moisture was the most suitable for the preservation of health. Heat and dryness give rise to acute diseases, cold and moisture produce phlegmatic affections, cold and dryness give rise to melancholy. Everything dries up and becomes cold at the approach of death.^[29]

See also[edit]

• Pneuma akatharton, unclean spirit
• Pneuma journal, subtitled The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies
• Pneuma (song)
• Pneumatic (Gnosticism)
• Pneumatology
• Holy Spirit
• Prana
• Qi
• Rūḥ
• Evaporation

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

• Baltzly, Dirk. «Stoicism.» The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. Spring 2008.
• Inwood, Brad, editor. The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics. Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-521-77985-5
• Sedley, David. «Stoic Physics and Metaphysics.» The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
• «Stoicism.» Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 9. Taylor & Francis, 1998. ISBN 0-415-07310-3
• Sellars, John. Stoicism. University of California Press, 2006. ISBN 0-520-24907-0
• William Smith, (1857), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, pages 786-7

External links[edit]

• The dictionary definition of pneuma at Wiktionary