A. Read the words in the box and say which of them are the names of games and which are the names of sports.
athletics, football, tennis, gymnastics, cross−country skiing, skating, volleyball, judo, karate, basketball, ping−pong, horse riding, boxing
B. Listen, Audio (2), and match the names of sports and games with the pictures.
a) windsurfing
b) golf
c) (ice) hockey
d) rugby
e) ski jumping
f) surfing
g) weightlifting
h) water polo
reshalka.com
ГДЗ Английский язык 8 класс (часть 1) Афанасьева. UNIT 1. Step 1. Номер №7
Решение
Перевод задания
A. Прочтите слова в рамке и скажите, какие из них являются названиями игр, а какие − названиями видов спорта.
легкая атлетика, футбол, теннис, гимнастика, беговые лыжи, катание на коньках, волейбол, дзюдо, карате, баскетбол, настольный теннис, верховая езда, бокс
B. Послушайте, Audio (2), и сопоставьте названия видов спорта и игр с изображениями.
a) виндсерфинг
b) гольф
c) хоккей (с шайбой)
d) регби
e) прыжки с трамплина
f) серфинг
g) тяжелая атлетика
h) водное поло
ОТВЕТ
A.
Games: football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, ping−pong.
Sports: athletics, gymnastics, cross−country skiing, skating, judo, karate, horse riding, boxing.
B.
1 − c, 2 − f, 3 − a, 4 − h, 5 − e, 6 − b, 7 − g, 8 − d.
Перевод ответа
A.
Игры: футбол, теннис, волейбол, баскетбол, настольный теннис.
Виды спорта: легкая атлетика, гимнастика, бег на лыжах, катание на коньках, дзюдо, карате, верховая езда, бокс.
Reading
The Olimpic Games
The Olimpic Games are the biggest and most famous sports event in the world. There are three kinds of Olimpics – the Summer Olimpics, the Paralimpics and Winter Olimpics. A different city has the Summer Olimpics every 4 years. The Games are during two weeks of July or August. Then the same city has the Paralimpics. It’s an event for athletes who have got special bodies. American swimmer Jessika Long, for example, hasn’t legs, but she has got lots of medals.
The Winter Olimpics are in February or March two years after the summer events, in a different city. There are 28 Summer Olimpic sports. Some of the oldest Olimpic sports are boxing and running. Tennis and the martial art taekwondo are two of the newest ones. Jamaican runner Usain Bolt is one of the most famous 21st century Olimpians. He has longer legs than the other runners. He’s also very tall – 1.96 m – and his arms are well-built. Bolt is the fastest athlete in the world. He can run the 100 m in 9.58 seconds and the 200 m in 19.19 seconds. He has Olimpic gold medals for both events.
There are 15 sports in the Winter Olimpics. Ice hockey is one of the most popular of all. It’s also one the hardest. Because it’s so fast. The Canadians, Czechs, Russians, Finns, Slovacians, Swedes and Americans are the best ice hockey players of all. The sport is a favourite hobby in their countries. Cold countries have got the best winter sport athletes. But Spain has got just two medals from 60 or 70 years of Winter Olimpics!
Олимпийские игры — крупнейшее и самое известное спортивное событие в мире. Есть три вида Олимпийских игр — Летние Олимпийские игры, Паралимпийские игры и Зимние Олимпийские игры. Летний олимпиада в разных городах проводится каждые 4 года. Игры проводятся в течение двух недель июля или августа. Тогда в этом же городе проводятся паралимпийские игры. Это событие для спортсменов, у которых специальные тела. Например, у американской пловчихи Джессики Лонг нет ног, но у неё много медалей.
Зимние Олимпийские игры проходят в феврале или марте через два года после летних событий в другом городе. Есть 28 летних олимпийских видов спорта. Некоторые из старейших олимпийских видов спорта — бокс и бег. Теннис и боевое искусство тхэквондо являются двумя видов спорта из самых новых. Ямайский бегун Усэйн Болт — один из самых известных олимпийцев 21-го века. У него более длинные ноги, чем у других бегунов. Он также очень высокий — 1,96 м — и его руки хорошо сложены. Болт самый быстрый спортсмен в мире. Он может пробежать 100 м за 9,58 секунды и 200 м за 19,19 секунды. У него золотые олимпийские медали в обеих категориях.
В зимней олимпиаде 15 видов спорта. Хоккей на льду — один из самых популярных. Он также один из самых сложных. Потому что это так быстро. Канадцы, чехи, русские, финны, словаки, шведы и американцы — лучшие хоккеисты из всех. Спорт является любимым хобби в их странах. В холодных странах лучшие спортсмены зимнего спорта. Но Испания получила всего две медали от 60 или 70 лет Зимних Олимпийских игр!
Упражнение 1, с. 22
1. a) Read the rubric, then read sentences 1. Look at the underlined words in the sentence, then look at the underlined words in the text. Is the sentence true or false? — Прочитайте рубрику, а затем прочитайте предложениe 1. Посмотрите на подчёркнутые слова в предложении, а затем на подчёркнутые слова в тексте. Является ли это предложение верным или не верным?
The text is about the Olympic Games.
1 F (They happen every four years.)
You are going to read a text about the Olympic Games. For questions 1-6, mark the statements T (true) or F (false). — Вы будете читать текст об Олимпийских играх. Для вопросов 1-6 отметьте утверждения T (true) или F (false).
1 The Summer Olympic Games happen every two years. F
Летние Олимпийские игры проводятся раз в два года.
2 The Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics take place in the same city.
Летние и зимние Олимпийские игры проходят в одном городе. F
3 Boxing is one of the first Olympic sports. T
Бокс — один из первых олимпийских видов спорта.
4 Usain Bolt has gold medals, from the Paralympics. F
У Усэйна Болта есть золотые медали с Паралимпиады.
5 The Winter Olympics has more sports than the Summer Olympics. F
Зимняя Олимпиада имеет больше видов спорта, чем Летняя Олимпиада.
6 Russia has got very good ice hockey players. T
В России очень хорошие хоккеисты.
b) Now read the text and do the task. Compare with a partner. — Теперь прочтите текст и выполните задание. Сравните с партнером.
Упражнение 2, с. 22
2. Replace the words in bold with names from the text. — Замените слова, выделенные жирным шрифтом, именами из текста.
1 The Olympic Games are the most famous sports event in the world.
Олимпийские игры — это самое известное спортивное событие в мире.
2 Jessica Long has no legs.
У Джессики Лонг нет ног.
3 Boxing and running are some of the oldest Olimpic sports.
Бокс и бег — одни из старейших олимпийских видов спорта.
4 Usain Bolt is a Jamaican runner.
Усэйн Болт — ямайский бегун.
5 Ice hockey is one of the hardest games.
Хоккей — одна из самых сложных игр.
Упражнение 3, с. 22
3. Answer the questions. — Ответьте на вопросы.
1 Who’s your favourite athlete? Why?
Кто твой любимый спортсмен? Почему?
Ответ: My favourite athlete is Britta Steffen. I admire her because she is a very fast swimmer. She holds the world record for the women’s 100 metres freestyle. Моя любимая спортсменка — Бритта Штеффен. Я восхищаюсь ею, потому что она очень быстро плавает. Она является обладательницей мирового рекорда в беге на 100 метров вольным стилем среди женщин.
2 Why is he/she special to you?
Почему он / она особенный для вас?
Ответ: She is special to me because I am a swimmer too. Also, I usually swim freestyle in competitions and I look up to Britta Steffen. Она особенная для меня, потому что я тоже пловец. Кроме того, я обычно плаваю вольным стилем на соревнованиях, и я смотрю на Бритту Штеффен.
Speaking
Упражнение 4, с. 22
4. a) Answer the question. — Ответьте на вопрос.
What’s your favourite hobby? Why?
Какое ваше любимое хобби? Почему?
Ответ: My favourite hobby is painting. It’s my favourite hobby because it’s creative and relaxing. Моё любимое хобби — живопись. Это моё любимое хобби, потому что оно творческое и расслабляющее.
b) Now listen to two people answering the question. Who uses: — А теперь послушайте, как два человека отвечают на этот вопрос. Кто использует:
| Anna | Sam | |
| full sentences полные предложения |
√ | √ |
| appropriate stress подходящее ударение |
Χ | √ |
| appropriate intonation соответствующая интонация |
√ | √ |
| correct pronunciation правильное произношение |
Χ | √ |
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ГДЗ по английскому языку. Starlight. Звёздный английский. Учебник. 5 класс. Баранова К.М., Дули Д., Копылова В.В.
Рабочая тетрадь. Starlight. 5 класс. Workbook.
Английский язык. 5 класс
Учитель английского языка Яглова Ольга Петровна
Пояснительная записка
Методические
рекомендации и материалы к изучению темы включают подбор лексического материала
по теме «Спорт» и имеют следующие разделы:
1.
Работа
с лексикой.
а)
вводится определенное количество новой лексики
в)
даются упражнения на :
— освоение
лексического материала
— тренировку
лексического материала
— закрепление
лексического материала
г)
предлагаются упражнения на активизацию и использование лексики в
различных видах
речевой деятельности:
аудировании,
чтении, переводе, письме, говорении.
2.
Тексты
для аудирования
Предлагаемые
тексты для аудирования снабжены:
а)
подготовительными упражнениями в аудировании, направленными на снятие
лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух.
б) заданиями,
направленными на контроль понимания содержания аудируемого текста.
3.
Тексты
для чтения
Предлагаемые
тексты, объединенные данной тематикой, различаются по степени сложности и
включают:
а) простые тексты
б) частично адаптированные
тексты
в) тексты не
адаптированного характера
и
содержат задания на:
—
извлечение полной
информации (чтение с использованием словаря)
—
извлечение основной
информации (без использования словаря)
—
извлечение частичной
информации (без использования словаря)
Материал
разделен на разделы в зависимости от объекта усвоения и от доминирующего вида
формируемой речевой деятельности учеников.
Это
деление условно, так как работа над текстом (чтение, аудирование) предполагает
решение некоторых устно-речевых задач, так же как и работа над лексикой,
которая может включать, кроме того и повторение определенного грамматического
материала и т. д..
Материал
каждого раздела можно разделить на обязательный, который обеспечивает базовый
уровень владения лексикой по теме, и факультативный, который дается отдельным ученикам
или группе учащихся для более углубленной работы над предметным содержанием
темы.
Объединение
материала в разделы по деятельностной доминанте дает свободу ученику и учителю,
позволяет осуществлять выбор материала и сочетать его по своему усмотрению.
Имеется
словарь по теме «Спорт», который включает в себя основную лексику предыдущих
этапов обучения и большое количество новой лексики.
Рекомендации:
Работа
с лексикой:
При работе с лексикой
следует придавать значение ее систематизации, группируя ее по различным
принципам (семантический, словообразовательный, грамматический, лексической
сочетаемости)
Аудирование
При обучении
аудированию предлагаются подготовительные упражнения в аудировании, направленные
на снятие лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух. Эти
задания предполагают ознакомление с приведенными там лексическими единицами и
иногда с их переводом.
Чтение
Как цель обучения
чтение предполагает овладение следующими действиями:
—
опознание известных
языковых единиц; слов, словосочетаний, целых предложений;
—
установление новых
смысловых связей этих единиц;
—
догадка о значении
неизвестных лексических единиц (по словообразовательным компонентам, общности с
родным языком, по контексту);
—
поиск значения слова в
словаре, использование комментария; выделение основных фактов и т. д.
На этой основе
происходит понимание текста и принятие смыслового решения:
а) интересно /
неинтересно
б) что было известно
/ что ново
в) что нужно
запомнить, принять к сведению / что не нужно
г) желательно
действовать так же (следовать примеру, заимствовать опыт) или нет и т. Для
выявления понимания текста используется письмо, либо устная речь (говорение)
Говорение
Обучение говорению
осуществляется по следующим направлениям:
-решение
коммуникативных задач в диалогической и монологической формах.
-решение
коммуникативных задач на базе аудирования и чтения
Эти направления
находят свою реализацию в предлагаемых упражнениях имеющихся разделов.
Письмо
Студенты учатся
делать выписки из прочитанного текста. Это задания на поиск информации и ее
фиксацию, на составление тезисов для устного высказывания.
Кроме
того, запись новой лексики в тетради, письменное выполнение лексических и
грамматических упражнений. Контроль техники письма и орфографических навыков
предусмотрены в заданиях и тестах . Студентам предлагаются тексты с пропусками
слов, необходимостью выбрать верную грамматическую форму слова, необходимостью
выбрать одно из слов синонимического ряда и т. д.
Материалы к изучению темы «Спорт» содержат
большое количество заданий, которые невозможно выполнить без партнёра или
партнёров, они предполагают работу в парах или малых группах. Имеются задания,
предполагающие “информационное неравенство” участников; задания организованного
ролевого общения в жизненных ситуациях; задания для спонтанного общения, когда
учебная ситуация переходит в естественную, что соответствует новым методическим
подходам при обучении иностранному языку.
Предлагаемые
материалы обеспечивают практическую направленность всего учебного процесса и
обеспечивают реальные возможности для применения учащимися полученных знании и
умений.
These sports and games
are less common:
Archery [ a:tSqrI]
Fencing
Climbing
Mountaineering [ mauntI nIqrIN]‘
Riding
Surfing and windsurfing
Sailing / yachting [ jLtI:N]
Diving
Water polo [ pqulqu]
Water skiing
Baseball
Martial [ ma:Sl] arts:
Aikido [aI kI:dqu]
Karate [kq ra:tI]
Judo [ Gu:dqu]
Taekwondo [ taIkwPn dqu]
Sports are participated
indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are some names of
special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise:
A gym
Acourt
A ring
A stadium
An ice rink
A fitness centre
A track (a racetrack)
A swimming pool
A football field
Sports grounds
Other people who are
important in sport are:
A coach
An instructor [ InstrAktq]
A judge or a referee [ refq rI:]
Athlets compete either
individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).
We can speak about:
A
national team
An Olympic team
A school team, etc.
Guess what sports and
games are described here:
1.
the sport of fighting with fists;
2.
the sport of riding in a small
boat with sails;
3.
the sport of one who swims;
4.
the sport of playing a type of
football with an oval ball
5.
a game of two people who use
rackets, a small soft ball and low net;
6.
the sport of moving through the
water in a boat without sails
7.
the sport of going on a horseback;
8.
a game played by two teams of 6
players each that is played on an ice field;
9.
an outdoor game, popular in
Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each,
usually dressed in white.
Раздел 1
Some of the
popular sports are:
Раздел 1
EXERCISE
How many
names of sports can you find in this wordsearch? The words may appear in any
direction.
|
W |
O |
S |
B |
A |
S |
E |
B |
A |
L |
L |
U |
|
A |
I |
M |
H |
O |
H |
W |
G |
S |
M |
A |
A |
|
L |
T |
N |
E |
C |
R |
I |
C |
K |
E |
T |
R |
|
R |
E |
N |
D |
S |
S |
H |
O |
U |
T |
Q |
C |
|
J |
C |
A |
L |
s |
K |
O |
G |
M |
T |
O |
H |
|
M |
A |
M |
B |
L |
U |
A |
O |
R |
E |
E |
E |
|
M |
A |
V |
R |
O |
N |
R |
L |
U |
T |
R |
R |
|
A |
S |
H |
E |
I |
M |
P |
F |
M |
E |
O |
Y |
|
O |
B |
O |
W |
L |
S |
C |
K |
I |
N |
O |
O |
|
D |
H |
R |
I |
E |
I |
K |
L |
E |
N |
U |
E |
|
U |
K |
I |
S |
S |
O |
N |
A |
S |
I |
G |
O |
|
J |
O |
D |
A |
R |
T |
S |
I |
I |
S |
L |
L |
Key: baseball, cricket, bowls, darts,
archery, golf, tennis, judo, windsurfing.
EXERCISE
Look through
the list above and say:
1.
the names of which
sports you didn’t know before;
2.
which of these sports
in your view are
a)
the most dangerous
b)
the least dangerous
c)
the most exotic
d)
the most common
e)
the best for keeping
fit
f)
the most attractive for
you and why
EXERCISE
Study the
information from this table and make sentences, using the construction more
/ less … then
|
Interesting |
golf |
fishing |
|
Expensive |
horse riding |
tennis |
|
Boring |
cricket |
weightlifting |
|
Dangerous |
chess |
football |
|
Enjoyable |
jogging |
Fishing |
|
Difficult |
table tennis |
tennis |
|
beautiful |
figure skating |
wind Surfing |
|
useful |
fencing |
gymnastics |
|
common |
archery |
basketball |
Example:
1)
I think golf is more
interesting than fishing
2)
……………………………………………..
Items of
sportswear:
Swimming-trunks
and swimsuit
Trainers
A sports jacket
A waterproof
jacket
A tracksuit
Knee-length socks
Mittens and gloves
A T-shirt and
shorts
Раздел 1
Equipment – what you hold in your hand
Golf – club
Squash/ tennis/
badminton – racket
Darts – dart
Archery – bow
Cricket/
table-tennis – bat
Hockey – stick
Snooker / pool
/billiards – cue
Rowing – oar
Fishing – rod/
line
EXERCISE
Practicing
which sports need special equipment or doesn’t need any equipment
EXERCISE
Name one
other piece of equipment necessary to play these sports apart from the item
given, as in the example. What special clothing, if any, is worn for each
sport?
Example: golf:
clubs, balls
1 archery: bow,
………..
2 badminton:
racket, ……………
3 hockey:
stick,………….
4 baseball: bat,
…………..
5 darts:
darts,………….
Key: 1 arrows, 2 shuttlecock 3 ball 4
ball 5 dartboard
Clothing :
1 Archers
usually wear special gloves, and probably a cap to shade their
eyes.
2 Usually sweat-shirt
and shorts or tennis – skirt, with tennis style shoes, possibly sweat-bands
too.
3
Hockey-players usually wear shorts or a short tennis-skirt, but also protective
gloves, shin-pads too and possibly a safety-helmet.
4 Baseball
players often wear caps, plus protective clothing (special gloves,
shin-pads, etc.).
5 No special
clothes, since the game is usually played informally in pubs and clubs.
Sports are
participated indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are
some names of special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise
A gym
A court
A course
A field
A ring
A stadium
An ice rink
A fitness centre
A track (a
racetrack)
A swimming pool
A football field
Sports grounds
Раздел 1
People who
are important in sport are:
A coach
An instructor [ InstrAktq]
A judge or a
referee [
refq rI:]
Which of the two?
Referee or
umpire?
Both referee and
umpire are judges. Referee is used in connection with basketball, boxing,
football, hockey, rugby, wrestling. Umpire is used in connection with
badminton, baseball, cricket, swimming, tennis and volleyball
Athlets
compete either individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).
We can speak
about:
A national team
An Olympic team
A school team,
etc.
EXERCISE
Guess what
sports and games are described here:
10.
the sport of fighting
with fists;
11.
the sport of riding in
a small boat with sails;
12.
the sport of one who
swims;
13.
the sport of playing a
type of football with an oval ball
14.
a game of two people
who use rackets, a small soft ball and low net;
15.
the sport of moving
through the water in a boat without sails
16.
the sport of going on a
horseback;
17.
a game played by two
teams of 6 players each that is played on an ice field;
18.
an outdoor game, popular
in Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each,
usually dressed in white.
People who do particular sports
—er can be used for many sports, e.g. footballer,
swimmer, windsurfer, high-jumper, cricketer, golfer, etc.
Player is often necessary, e.g. tennis-player,
snooker-player, darts-player; we can also say football-player, cricket-player.
Some names must be
learnt separately, e.g. canoeist, cyclist, mountaineer, jockey, archer,
gymnast.
EXERCISE
What do you
call a person who…?
1 does the long
jump?
2 rides horses in
races?
3 drives cars in
races?
4 throws the
discus / javelin?
5 does gymnastics?
6 plays hockey?
7 Plays football?
8 does the
pole-vault
If you go in
for sport you:
train for a
competition (match, game)
compete in a
championship
take part in a
tournament [
tLnqment]
set / break records
score points and
goals
win or lose (in)
the competition
win a prize / a
cup
draw the game
Раздел 1
Verbs and
their collocations in the context of sport
Our team won /
lost by three goals / points.
She broke the
Olympic record last year.
He holds the
record for the 100 metres breast-stroke.
Liverpool beat
Hamburg 4-2 yesterday.
The team have
never been defeated. (more formal than beat)
How many goals
/ points have you scored this season?
I think I’ll take
up bowls next spring and give up golf.
EXERCISE
Fill in the
gaps with suitable verbs.
1)
Were many records
……………at the Olympics?
2)
We’ve been ……..so many
times we deserve to be bottom of the league!
3)
Congratulations! How
many points did you ……by?
4)
You should ………jogging.
That would help you lose weight.
5)
Who ………….the world
record for the 1000 metres? Is it a Russian?
6)
I only ever once ………a
goal, and that was sheer luck.
Key: 1 — broken, 2 — beaten /
defeated, 3 — win, 4 — take up, 5 — holds, 6 — scored
Here are the
verbs connected with the topic ”SPORT”
but they
have several meanings. Try to give your translation of the following word
combinations:
Win – won – won
1)
the game /competition /
battle / war. выиграть, победить
2)
respect / fame
добиться
3)
hearts /
audience завоевать
Lose – lost – lost
1)
the
game проиграть, потерпеть
поражение
2)
the key / temper /
control / weight / way потерять
Run – ran – run
1)
away / fast /
slowly бежать
2)
the country /
hotel управлять, владеть
3)
the road runs / the
river runs etc. Идет, бежит, течет, уменьшается
Break – broke –
broken
1) the
record ставить рекорд
2) the
cup / the leg / heart разбить, сломать
3) the law / the rule .
нарушить/ прекратить .прервать
Catch – caught –
caught
1)
the ball /
cold ловит, поймать
2)
bus /
train успеть
3)
the sound / smell
/ уловить / почувствовать
4)
the idea /
meaning понять
Draw — drew – drawn
1)
a picture рисовать
2)
the
game сыграть вничью
3)
the rubber
draws тянуть, тащить
Раздел 1
Exercise
Give the best
translation
1. The home team
has won.
3.
He is sure to win
4.
They won by chance.
5.
She lost diamond ring
before wedding
6.
Children got lost in
the woods.
7.
He lost his job.
8.
It is dangerous to go
fishing.. The ice is breaking.
9.
He fall down and broke
his glasses.
10.
The cat caught the
mouse/ bird/
11.
The police caught the
criminal/ spy/ thief
12.
She is always loosing
her things and documents.
13.
Children got lost in
the forest
14.
He lost his job.
15.
The book in the shop
window caught my eye.
14
It was difficult to
catch the idea
15
Did you catch the
meaning of a word?
16
We were caught in the
rain
17
He was caught by the
camera
18
The weather is breaking
19
A chimney must draw
20
Rubber draws
21
He won the election by
the majority of voices.
22
He won the hearts of
audience.
23
The plane was quickly
loosing speed.
24
All is lost.
25
They broke
negotiations.(peace talks)
26
It was late. She drew
the curtains and went to bed.
27
The carriage was drawn
by horses
28
They drew the car to
the petrol station.
29
May the best man win.
30
He is sure to
win
31
There is not a moment
to lose.
32
The army lost heavily
33
The book lost in
translation
34
He fell in love and
lost his head / mind / sense
35
The clock (watch) is
loosing.
36
He caught a strange
sound
37
He caught the smell of
smoke.
EXERCISE
Put in the missing letters
|
p t |
c p |
ak p t |
p c |
|
p y |
r n |
u p |
w m |
EXERCISE
which of
these sports are more popular in
a)
Russia
b)
The USA
c)
Great Britain
EXERCISE
Put the suitable
word into the gaps.
happy, upset,
puzzled, angry, depressed.
1. The girl got
a lot of presents for her birthday. She was ………………..
2.
The student can’t
answer the question. He is ……………..
3.
The boy has broken the
window. His father is ……………… with him.
4.
Our football team has
lost. We are …………….
5.
He didn’t pass the
exam. He is …………….
1)
Do you like sport?
2) What
is your favourite sport?
3) Why
do many people go in for sport?
4) What
sport is the most useful?
5) Can
you call yourself a fan?
6) What
are the most important international competitions?
7) What
is the idea of Olympic Games?
What
is the symbol of Olympic Games?
III.
The Olympic games
The original Olympic Games began
around 800 BC in Ancient Greece and continued until they were
abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in AD 393. The first modern Olympics
took place in Athens in 1896, and since then, more than a dozen
different countries have staged the Summer Olympics. The cities
of Paris, London, Berlin and Los Angeles have hosted the Olympics twice.
In 1956, Australia became the
first country outside Europe and America to stage the Olympics, while Mexico
was the first Latin American country to have the Olympics, in 1968.
Many of the great athletes in the world
have taken part in the Olympic Games, but no one has equalled
the achievements of the great Finnish athlete, Paavo Nurmi, who between 1920
and 1928 won nine gold and silver medals.
The Olympic Games have seen many
tragedies and triumphs. For example, in the maraphon of 1908, the little
Italian, Dorando Peitri five times in the last part of the race, but
came first – only to be disqualified because spectators helped him over
the finishing line. And in 1936, the famous black American athlete Jesse Ovens
broke six world records in a single day!
From the first modern Olympics in Athens, when only
fourteen countries participated the Olympics have grown to
include over 140 countries. Gold, silver and bronze medals have gone to
over 8,000 men and women.
Раздел 2
Listen to the text and say why the boys thought
that the old gentleman had won the cat.
You’ve Won!
An old gentleman was very
unhappy about young boys who lived near him. They were always noisy, played the
guitar loudly and sang strange songs. The old gentleman thought they had very
bad manners and didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
One day he was taking a walk in the park
near his home when he saw some young boys standing around a small cat. The old
man went up to the boys and asked them what was happening. One of the boys said
to him: «We are having a competition. We’re telling lies and the one who
tells the biggest one will keep this cat.»
The old gentleman thought that was a good
opportunity to teach the boys good manners and to give them a useful lesson.
So, he said to them: «I’ve never told a lie in my life!» When the
boys heard these words they shouted: «You’ve won! You can take the
cat!»
Listen to the text and say why a short answer is
called a laconic answer.
A Laconic Answer
The Lacons lived in that part of Southern
Greece which was called Laconia. The people who lived there were very brave.
They loved their Motherland and defended it from all the enemies. Everybody
knew that their life was very simple. They tried to follow the laws of their
country and never spoke long. «The shorter the better,» was their
rule. «Never use more words than you need,» was another rule. And
nowadays as you probably know a very short answer is often called a laconic
answer, because the Lacons usually gave such short answers.
In Northern Greece there was a land called
Macedonia. King Philip ruled there. He was not very clever and he was not very
brave, but he wanted to become king of all Greece. So, he collected a great
army and soon he became master of all Greece. Only Laconia was not conquered.
Then King Philip wrote a letter and sent it to the brave Lacons. The letter
said: «If I win the battle with your army, I will become your king and
ruin your great city.»
A few days later an answer was brought back
to him. King Philip found only one word in it. The word was very short, and
that was ‘If’
Now answer
the following questions:
1)
Where
was Laconia situated?
2)
What
were the rules of the people who lived in Laconia?
3)
What
kind of life did the Lacons have?
4)
Who ruled
Macedonia?
5)
Where
was Macedonia situated?
6)
What
did King Philip want?
7)
What
did he write to the Lacons in his letter?
What
answer did he get?
Вы интересуетесь спортом? Хотите узнать, как называются по-английски виды спорта и спортсмены, их экипировка и снаряжение? В статье вы найдете полный список видов спорта (для ознакомления), интересные упражнения, которые помогут вам запомнить основную лексику по теме «Sports».
Проверьте себя, хорошо ли вы знаете основные английские слова по теме «Sports»
Далее вас ждут НОВЫЕ слова и упражнения по теме «Sports»:
1. Sports and sportsmen
2. Sports equipment
3. Sports clothes
I. Sports and Sportsmen:
— British’s national sport is football. English one is cricket. Scottish one is golf.
— Americans love baseball, which is considered their national sport.
— The most popular game in the world is football.
- Boxing (boxer) — бокс (боксер)
- Wrestling (wrestler) — борьба (борец)
- Cycling (cyclist) — велогонка (велогонщик)
- Volleyball (volleyball player) — волейбол (волейболист)
- Gymnastics (gymnast) — гимнастика (гимнаст)
- Rowing (rower) — гребля (гребец)
- Judo (judoist) — дзюдо (дзюдоист)
- Athletics (athlete) — легкая атлетика (атлет)
- Yachting (yachtsman) — парусный спорт (яхтсмен)
- Swimming (swimmer) — плавание (пловец)
- Diving (diver) — прыжки в воду (прыгун)
- Shooting (shooter) — стрельба (стрелок)
- Archery (archery) — стрельба из лука (лучник)
- Weightlifting (weight lifter) — тяжелая атлетика (штангист)
- Fencing (fencer) — фехтование (фехтовальщик)
- Figure skating (figuer -skater) — фигурное катание (фигурист)
- speed skating (speed skater) — скоростной бег на коньках (конькобежец)
- Skiing (skier) — лыжные соревнования (лыжник)
- Water skiing (water skiier) — водные лыжи
- Skateboarding (skater) — скейтбордист
- Snowboarding (snowboarder) — сноубордист
- Roller – skating (roller-skater)
- Horseracing (rider) — верховая езда (всадник)
- Water polo — водное поло (ватерполист)
- Golf (golfer) — гольф (гольфист)
- Bowling (bowler) — боулинг (боулингист)
- Lawn tennis (tennis player) — большой теннис (теннисист)
- Table tennis — настольный теннис
- Billiard / Snooker (billiard player) — бильярд (бильярдист)
- Steeplechase (steeplechaser) — скачки с препятствиями (участник состязаний по стипль-чезу)
- Acrobatics (actobat) — акробатика (акробат)
- Car racing (racer) — мотогонки (гонщик)
- Badminton (badminton player) — бадминтон (игрок в бадминтон)
Exercise 1. Guess what sports and games are described here:
- the sport of fighting with fists;
- the sport of riding in a small boat with sails;
- the sport of one who swims;
- the sport of playing a type of football with an oval ball;
- a game for two people who use rackets, a small soft ball and a low net;
- the sport of moving through the water in a boat without sails;
- the sport of going on horseback;
- a game played by two teams of 6 players each that is played on an ice field.
- an outdoor game popular in Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of two teams of 11 players each, usually dressed in white.
- a game in which players on each side of a high net try to keep a ball in motion by hitting it with their hands back and forth over the net without letting it touch the ground.
- an organized sport of fist fighting.
- races held in water.
- a game for two or four players who hit a ball backwards and forwards across a low net.
- a game, played by two teams of five players who try to throw ball into basket fixed above the ground.
- a fight, the sport in which people fight by holding their opponent and trying to throw or force them to the ground.
- the activity of lifting heavy objects.
Exercese 2. Choose the right name of British popular sports and games to complete the sentences.
- People in England began to play ….. as early as 1550.
- ….. is one of the oldest sports that existed in Saxon times.
- ….. is the sport that began to develop in England.
- ….. was first played in England in 1872, whose first championship was at Wimbledon.
- ….. is a game invented and developed in England which is nowadays played all over the world.
(golf, cricket, football, boxing, tennis)
Exercese 3. Answer the questions:
- What sports or games can you call:
- How many summer and winter sports can you name?
- Which of them are sports and which of them are games?
- the most beautiful,
- the most dangerous,
- the least dangerous,
- the most useful for health,
- the most interesting to watch,
- the least interesting to watch,
- the most common,
- the best for keeping fit,
- the most attractive for you and why?
- What sports can be practiced both indoors and outdoors, only outdoors or indoors?
- Practicing which sports needs special equipment or doesn’t need any equipment.
There are indoor sports (games ) and outdoor sports (games).
Indoor sports take place in: a gym, a court (площадка для игры в теннис, баскетбол), a ring, a stadium, an ice rink, a fitness centre, a racetrack, a swimming pool, a football pitch, a sports ground.
Exercise 4. How many indoor and outdoor sports and games can you name?
EXAMPLE. Indoor games are… OR Boxing is indoor sport.
Exercise 5. What do we call people who
- play football, cricket, rugby, tennis
- judo, weight lifting
- go swimming, jumping, running, windsurfing, mountaineering, potholing
- ride a bike
There are answers at the end of the post!
Exercise 6. Say what the sportsmen do
EXAMPLE. A boxer boxes.
a skater, a swimmer, a boxer, a skier, a wrestler, a footballer, a speedskater, a fencer, a chess-player, a tennis-player, an athlete, a goal-keeper, a draughtsman, a cyclist, a gymnast
Exercise 7. What do we call a person who
goes in for cycling, swimming, fencing, gymnastics, weightlifting, athletics, skating, skiing, yachting, playing tennis (football, hockey, chess and draughts).
II. Equipment
- Ski — кататься на лыжах
- Skis – лыжи
- Skiing-boots — лыжные ботинки
- Skiing- suit — лыжный костюм
- Ski-track- лыжня
- Ski-run -лыжный кросс
- Ski-poles — лыжные палки
- play hockey — играть в хоккей
- Stick -клюшка
- Puck -шайба
- Goal- ворота
- skate — кататься на коньках
- skates — коньки
- skating rink — каток
- sledge — кататься на санях
- sledge — сани
- skipping rope — скакалка
- climbing rope -канат
- balance beam — бревно
- wall bars – шведская стенка
- hoop — обруч
- racket – ракетка
- shuttlecock — воланчик
- net – сетка
- goal — футбольные ворота
- ring – кольцо
- cue — кий
- swords –шпаги
- club – клюшка, бита
- basket — корзина
- mat — ковер
Exercise 8. Correct the wrong sentences.
- Football is popular in almost all the countries in the world.
- If you want to play hockey you must have a puck and a stick.
- People who played chess are called chessmen.
- The referee acts as a goal keeper in football.
- There is no difference between tennis and table tennis.
- Tennis is a game in which two or four players strike a tennis ball with rackets over a net.
- Every player dreams of losing a game.
- Draughts is an outdoor game.
III. Sports Clothes:
- tracksuit — спортивный костюм
- swimming-trunks — плавки
- swimsuit — купальник
- trainers — кроссовки
- waterproof jacket — водолазный костюм
Exercise 9. Say what equipment is necessary for going in different sports and games:
EXAMPLE: Skis, ski-poles and ski-boots are necessary for skiing.
- “A racket and a shuttlecock are …”
- “ A stick and a pluck are …”
- “A goal and a ball are …”
- “A net and a ball are …”
- “A yacht……”
- “A windsurfing board….”
- “Swords are….. ”
- “A bow [bou] and arrows….”
- “Darts and dartboard….”
- “A cue, a table and balls….”
- “ Draughts and draught board…..”
Exercise 10. Guess usual sports. Say what we call it.
- A game in which two teams of five players each try to score goals by throwing a large ball through a net fixed to a metal ring at each end of the court. They players bounce the ball while running, and pass it to each other.
- A game in which two teams hit a large ball with their hands, backwards and forwards over a high net. The ball is not allowed to bounce on the ground.
- A game played between two teams of 11 players who kicks a ball round a field trying to score a goal.
- A game of two players who each start with sixteen playing pieces to move on a board. The aim is two move your pieces so that your opponent’s king will be taken.
- A game in which the players use rackets to hit a small feathered object called a shuttlecock over a high net.
- A game in which you use long sticks called clubs to hit a small hard ball into holes that are spread out over a large area of grassy land.
There are unusual sports:
1. parachuting — прыжки с парашютом
2. potholing — путешествия по пещерам (спелеология)
3. mountaineering — альпинизм
4. windsurfing — виндсерфинг
5. trampolining — прыжки на батуте
6. kiting — кайтинг
7. canoeing — гребля на байдарках и каноэ
Exercise 11. Guess usual sports. Say what we call it:
- It’s the sport of riding a small sort boat with a sail.
- It’s the sport in which acrobats and gymnasts jump up and down to perform exercises on a sheet of material tightly stretched (крепко прикрепленный) to a metal frame (раме).
- It is jumping from an airplane with a parachute.
- The sport of climbing down inside large holes which go deep underground in a rocky country.
- It is a sport of climbing mountains.
- It is a sport of flying kites.
Answers to Exercise 5.
- football player /footballer; cricket player/ cricketer; rugby player; tennis player
- judoist; weight lifter;
- swimmer; jumper; runner; windsurfer; mountaineer; porholer
- bicyclist
Today I found out the origin of the word “soccer”. For all you out there who love to complain when Americans, and certain others, call “Football”, “Soccer”, you should know that it was the British that invented the word and it was also one of the first names of what we now primarily know of as “Football”.
In fact, in the early days of the sport among the upper echelons of British society, the proper term for the sport was “Soccer”. Not only that, but the sport being referred to as “Soccer” preceded the first recorded instance of it being called by the singular word “Football” by about 18 years, with the latter happening when it became more popular with the middle and lower class. When that happened, the term “Football” gradually began dominating over “Soccer” and the then official name “Association Football”.
In the 1860s, as in most of history- with records as far back as 1004 B.C.- there were quite a lot of “football” sports in existence being played popularly throughout the world and of course, England. Many of these sports had similar rules and eventually, on October 26th, 1863, a group of teams in England decided to get together and create a standard set of rules which would be used at all their matches. They formed the rules for “Association Football”, with the “Association” distinguishing it from the many other types of football sports in existence in England, such as “Rugby Football”.
Now British school boys of the day liked to nickname everything, which is still somewhat common. They also liked to add the ending “er” to these nicknames. Thus Rugby was, at that time, popularly called “Rugger”. Association Football was then much better known as “Assoccer”, which quickly just became “Soccer” and sometimes “Soccer Football”.
The inventor of the nickname is said to be Charles Wredford Brown, who was an Oxford student around the time of Association Football’s inception. Legend has it, in 1863 shortly after the creation of Association Football, Wredford-Brown had some friends who asked him if he’d come play a game of “Rugger”, to which he replied he preferred “Soccer”. Whether that story’s true or not, the name caught on from around that point on.
In the beginning, the newly standardized Rugby and Soccer were football sports for “gentlemen”, primarily being played by the upper echelons of society. However, these two forms of football gradually spread to the masses, particularly Soccer as Rugby didn’t really catch on too well with the lower classes. This resulted in the name switching from “Soccer” and “Association Football”, to just “Football”; with the first documented case of the sport being called by the singular term “Football” coming in 1881, 18 years after it was first called “Soccer” or, officially, “Association Football”.
The game gradually spread throughout the world under the lower class name of “Football”, rather than “Soccer” as the “gentlemen” called it. The problem was, though, that a lot of other countries of the world already had popular sports of their own they called “Football”, such as the United States, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, to name a few. In these countries, the name “Soccer” was and, in some, still is preferred for this reason.
If you liked this article, you might also enjoy our new popular podcast, The BrainFood Show (iTunes, Spotify, Google Play Music, Feed), as well as:
- The Origin of the Name of the Sport “Cricket”
- The Origin of Basketball
- The Only Major League Player to Openly Admit He was Gay During His Playing Career Also Popularized the High Five
- The Difference Between the UK, England, and Great Britain
- Why Some Countries Drive on the Right and Some on the Left
Bonus Facts:
- Just as intriguing, for those who like to lambaste American Football being called such when the ball interacts primarily with hands, most of the earliest forms of Football were named thus, not because you kicked a ball with your foot, but because they were played on foot. Peasants played most of their sports on foot; aristocrats played most of theirs on horseback. Thus, games played on foot were called “football”, whether they had anything to do with kicking a ball or not. Indeed, many of the earliest forms of football involved carrying balls in an attempt to get across goal lines passed some opposing team or individual players.
- Soccer balls were originally painted with the now classic black and white checkered look in order to make them more visible on black and white TV during the 1970 FIFA World Cup. Naturally, people wanted to buy balls that looked like those that the professionals used on TV and thus everybody bought the black and white checkered soccer ball instead of the previous traditional solid color ball.
- In the United States, early on the word “Football” was incorporated in the name for Soccer. The first name of the league was the “United States Soccer Football Association”. This lasted about 30 years before it was shortened to simply the “United States Soccer Federation” in 1975.
- “Rugby” was also once known as “Football” and originally had almost the same set of rules as Soccer, though over time increasingly diverged. The name “Rugby” comes from Rugby School in England. Legend has it, during a Football match at that school, William Webb Ellis picked up the ball in his hands and ran with it over the goal line. It didn’t count as an official goal, as you weren’t supposed to use your hands; but the referee remarked, it was a “jolly good ‘try’”, which, according to legend, is where that particular Rugby scoring term comes from. The official Rugby Union was then formed in 1871 with a split in 1893 forming the Rugby League.
- Rugby never caught on with the lower class as Soccer did. Thus, the famous British saying, “Soccer is a gentleman’s game played by ruffians and Rugby is a ruffian’s game played by gentlemen.”
- The earliest known record of a Soccer-like sport was in 1004 B.C. in Japan. There are also many references to Soccer-like sports in 50 B.C. China, even being played between teams from China and Japan.
- The Romans also played several types of Football games, including some that resembled Soccer. One of which was also included in the Roman Olympic Games. This particular version, in the Olympic Games, featured 27 men a side. The game was so rough that 2/3 of the players had to be hospitalized after the game.
- The last genuine leather soccer ball used in the World Cup was the Adidas Tango Espana, used in the 1982 World Cup. Shortly thereafter, in 1986, the first fully synthetic World Cup soccer ball was used.
- The designers of the Adidas Teamgeist, used in the 2006 World Cup, claim that ball was the roundest ever made for a sport.
- During King Edward’s reign (1307-1327), he had laws passed against the playing of football sports. Anyone caught playing any form of football would be imprisoned, “For as much as there is a great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls, from which many evils may arise…”
- He wasn’t the only British monarch that hated football. Queen Elizabeth the First “had football players jailed for a week, with follow-up church penance”. King Henry IV and Henry VIII also passed laws against football sports.
- American Football was originally known in England as “Start-Stop Rugby with Padding”… Catchy. 🙂
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