From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about consumers in social systems. For Consumers in biology, see Consumer (food chain).
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or uses purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities. The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Consumer rights[edit]
«Consumers, by definition, include us all,» said President John F. Kennedy, offering his definition to the United States Congress on March 15, 1962. This speech became the basis for the creation of World Consumer Rights Day, now celebrated on March 15. In his speech : John Fitzgerald Kennedy outlined the integral responsibility to consumers from their respective governments to help exercise consumers’ rights, including:[1]
- The right to safety: To be protected against the marketing of goods that are hazardous to health or life.
- The right to be informed: To be protected against fraudulent, deceitful, or grossly misleading information, advertising, labeling, or other practices, and to be given the facts he needs to make an informed choice.
- The right to choose: To be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of products and services at competitive prices; and in those industries in which competition is not workable and Government regulation is substituted, an assurance of satisfactory quality and service at fair prices.
- The right to seek redressal: Consumers have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. If any damage is done to a consumer, he has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of damage.[2]
- The right to represent : Thus, the Act has enabled us as consumers to have the right to represent in the consumer courts.[3]
Economics and marketing[edit]
In an economy, a consumer buys goods or services primarily for consumption and not for resale or for commercial purposes. Consumers pay some amount of money (or equivalent) for goods or services.[4]) then consume (use up). As such, consumers play a vital role in the economic system of a capitalist system[5]
and form a fundamental part of any economy.[6][7][8]
Without consumer demand, producers would lack one of the key motivations to produce: to sell to consumers. The consumer also forms one end of the chain of distribution.
Recently[when?] in marketing, instead of marketers generating broad demographic profiles and Fisio-graphic profiles of market segments, marketers have started to engage in personalized marketing, permission marketing, and mass customization to target potential consumers.[9]
Largely due to the rise of the Internet, consumers are shifting more and more[quantify] towards becoming prosumers, consumers who are also producers (often of information and media on the social web) — they influence the products created (e.g. by customization, crowdfunding or publishing their preferences), actively participate in the production process, or use interactive products.[10][11][12]
Law and politics[edit]
The law primarily uses a notion of the consumer in relation to consumer protection laws, and the definition of consumer is often restricted to living persons (not corporations or businesses) and excludes commercial users.[13] A typical legal rationale for protecting the consumer is based on the notion of policing market failures and inefficiencies, such as inequalities of bargaining power between a consumer and a business.[14] As all potential voters are also consumers, consumer protection has a clear political significance.
Concern over the interests of consumers has spawned consumer activism, where organized activists do research, education and advocacy to improve the offer of products and services. Consumer education has been incorporated into some school curricula.[15][citation needed] There are also various non-profit publications, such as Which?, Consumer Reports and Choice magazine, dedicated to assist in consumer education and decision making.
In India, the Consumer Protection Act 1986 differentiates the consumption of a commodity or service for personal use or to earn a livelihood. Only consumers are protected per this act and any person, entity or organization purchasing a commodity for commercial reasons are exempted from any benefits of this act.[16]
See also[edit]
- Alpha consumer
- Customer
- Consumer behaviour
- Consumer debt
- Consumer leverage ratio
- Consumer organization
- Consumer reporting agency
- Consumer choice
- Consumerism
- Consumers’ co-operative
- Consumption
- Informed consumer
- Consumer rights
References[edit]
- ^ «Special message to Congress on protecting consumer interest, 15 March 1962». John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
- ^ NCERT
- ^ NCERT
- ^
Schor, Juliet B. (19 August 2014). Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture. Simon and Schuster (published 2014). ISBN 9781439130902.Kids and teens are now the epicenter of American consumer culture.
- ^
Henderson, Fred (5 December 2014) [1936]. Capitalism and the Consumer. Routledge Library Editions: Consumer Behaviour. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge (published 2014). p. 38. ISBN 9781317565109. Retrieved 14 October 2021.[…] the completion of the producing process by the use and consumption which carries the goods-production into human life itself […].
- ^
Consumers play a pivotal part in economics, which Krugman and Wells define as the study of production, distribution and consumption.
Krugman, Paul; Wells, Robin (29 May 2022). Economics (3 ed.). Worth Publishers (published 2012). p. 2. ISBN 9781464128738. - ^ Note for example Alexander Chayanov’s analysis of peasant economies, and compare consumer goods in the Soviet Union. At a fundamental level, economic agents (individuals, groups and states) work/hunt/gather/trade so that they and their dependants can eat.
- ^
Bren, Paulina; Neuburger, Mary, eds. (8 August 2012). Communism Unwrapped: Consumption in Cold War Eastern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 2012). ISBN 9780199827664. Retrieved 14 October 2021. - ^ Cross, Robert G. (1997). Revenue management: hard-core tactics for market domination. Broadway Books. pp. 66–71. ISBN 978-0-553-06734-7.
- ^ Gunelius, Susan (3 July 2010). «The Shift from Consumers to PROsumers». Forbes. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
- ^ Scammell, Margaret. «Citizen Consumers: towards a new marketing of politics?» (PDF). p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2003-08-23. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
- ^ Blättel-Mink, Birgit; Hellmann, Kai-Uwe (27 October 2009). Prosumer Revisited. ISBN 9783531169354. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
- ^ Krohn, Lauren (1995). Consumer protection and the law: a dictionary. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-87436-749-2.
- ^ «An Institutional Analysis of Consumer Law». Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. Archived from the original on March 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
- ^ L. Gayle Royer (1980). «The Value of Consumer Education in Increasing Effective Consumer Performance: Theory and Research». Advances in Consumer Research. 07: 203-206. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ «Consumer vs Customer». Consumerdaddy.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
The consumer protection act 1986 of India, is a little more generous with the word ‘Consumer’. According to this law, a consumer is not only a person who uses the product for domestic personal use, but also one who uses the product to earn his daily livelihood.
often attributive
a
: one that utilizes economic goods
Many consumers make purchases on the Internet.
b
: an organism requiring complex organic compounds for food which it obtains by preying on other organisms or by eating particles of organic matter compare producer sense 3
Example Sentences
Many consumers are still not comfortable making purchases on the Internet.
Recent Examples on the Web
Schaefer said Dane County detectives are gathering information and will begin working with the consumer protection department as the investigation of the Dane County complaints progress.
—
Karl Ebert, Journal Sentinel, 7 Apr. 2023
Raising hotel taxes or putting tolls on roads will hurt consumers, not Disney, said state Rep. Anna Eskamani, D-Orlando.
—Steven Lemongello, Orlando Sentinel, 7 Apr. 2023
Two big American banks failed in March, and higher rates and tighter credit conditions could further destabilize banks and depress borrowing and spending by consumers and businesses.
—Paul Wiseman, BostonGlobe.com, 7 Apr. 2023
As a state agency, the DFS’s mission is not only market resilience and consumer protection, but also to promote economic growth in New York.
—Leo Schwartz, Fortune, 6 Apr. 2023
But that could leave fewer options for consumers with less money to spare.
—Anne D’innocenzio, Dallas News, 6 Apr. 2023
Not every model has an ice maker and water dispenser, which can be a deal-breaker for some consumers, so look for this while shopping.
—Rachel Klein, Popular Mechanics, 6 Apr. 2023
Such lawsuits generally contend that Live Nation violates antitrust and consumer protection laws by forcing the country’s biggest venues into contracts to host premier live events that exclusively use Ticketmaster for ticket sales.
—Safia Samee Ali, NBC News, 5 Apr. 2023
But those deals are often reserved for consumers with excellent credit histories.
—Michelle Singletary, Washington Post, 5 Apr. 2023
See More
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘consumer.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
First Known Use
15th century, in the meaning defined above
Time Traveler
The first known use of consumer was
in the 15th century
Dictionary Entries Near consumer
Cite this Entry
“Consumer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/consumer. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.
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Merriam-Webster unabridged
con·sum·er
(kən-so͞o′mər)
n.
1. One that consumes, especially one that acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing.
2. Ecology A heterotrophic organism that ingests other organisms or organic matter in a food chain.
con·sum′er·ship′ n.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
consumer
(kənˈsjuːmə)
n
1. (Economics) a person who acquires goods and services for his or her own personal needs. Compare producer6
2. a person or thing that consumes
3. (Environmental Science) (usually plural) ecology an organism, esp an animal, within a community that feeds upon plants or other animals. See also decomposer, producer8
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014
con•sum•er
(kənˈsu mər)
n.
1. a person or thing that consumes.
2. a person or organization that purchases or uses a commodity or service.
3. Ecol.an organism, usu. an animal, that feeds on plants or other animals.
[1400–50]
con•sum′er•ship`, n.
Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
con·sum·er
(kən-so͞o′mər)
An organism that feeds on other organisms in a food chain. ♦ Herbivores that feed on green plants in a food chain are called primary consumers, and carnivores that feed on herbivores are , secondary consumers. Carnivores that feed on other carnivores are called , tertiary consumers. Compare producer.
The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
consumer
Person or agency that uses information or intelligence produced by either its own staff or other agencies.
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
| Noun | 1. |  consumer — a person who uses goods or services
chewer — someone who chews (especially someone who chews tobacco) customer, client — someone who pays for goods or services drinker — a person who drinks liquids eater, feeder — someone who consumes food for nourishment user — a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something |
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
consumer
noun buyer, customer, user, shopper, purchaser If consumers demand more of a product then more of it will be supplied.
Quotations
«The consumer, so it is said, is the king … each is a voter who uses his money as votes to get the things done that he wants done» [Paul A. Samuelson Economics]
«Every man is a consumer, and ought to be a producer … He is by constitution expensive, and needs to be rich» [Ralph Waldo Emerson Wealth]
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002
consumer
noun
One who consumes goods and services:
The American Heritage® Roget’s Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Translations
spotřebitel
forbruger
kuluttaja
potrošač
fogyasztó
neytandi
消費者
소비자
porabnik
konsument
ผู้บริโภค
người tiêu dùng
Collins Spanish Dictionary — Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005
consumer
consumer
in cpds → Verbraucher-;
consumer credit
n → Verbraucherkredit m
consumer group
n → Verbrauchergruppe f
consumer
:
consumer prices
pl → Verbraucherpreise f
consumer research
n → Verbraucherbefragung f
consumer resistance
n → Kaufunlust f
Consumers’ Association
n (Brit) britischer Verbraucherverband
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007
consumer
[kənˈsjuːməʳ] n → consumatore/trice; (of electricity, gas) → utente m/f
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995
consume
(kənˈsjuːm) verb
1. to eat or drink. He consumes a huge amount of food.
2. to use. How much electricity do you consume per month?
3. to destroy, eg by fire. The entire building was consumed by fire.
conˈsumer noun
a person who eats, uses, buys things etc. The average consumer spends 12 dollars per year on toothpaste.
consumption (kənˈsampʃən) noun
1. the act of consuming. The consumption of coffee has increased.
2. an old word for tuberculosis of the lungs.
consumer goods
goods which can be used immediately to satisfy human needs, eg clothing, food, TV sets etc.
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.
consumer
→ مُسْتَهْلِك spotřebitel forbruger Verbraucher καταναλωτής consumidor kuluttaja consommateur potrošač consumatore 消費者 소비자 consument forbruker konsument consumidor потребитель konsument ผู้บริโภค tüketici người tiêu dùng 消费者
Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009
Other forms: consumers
A consumer is someone who buys or consumes, or uses up, something. An economy could not keep functioning without consumers.
Long before smorgasbords, shopping malls, or eBay, people craved pretty and tasty things. So those who spoke Latin invented the word consumere, which meant to use up, eat, or waste. Being a consumer doesn’t necessarily mean you are squandering. We’re all consumers when we go through the checkout line at the grocery store, for instance.
Definitions of consumer
-
noun
a person who uses goods or services
see moresee less-
types:
- show 51 types…
- hide 51 types…
-
chewer
someone who chews (especially someone who chews tobacco)
-
concert-goer, music lover
someone who attends concerts
-
client, customer
someone who pays for goods or services
-
drinker, imbiber, juicer, toper
a person who drinks alcoholic beverages (especially to excess)
-
drinker
a person who drinks liquids
-
eater, feeder
someone who consumes food for nourishment
-
prodigal, profligate, squanderer
a recklessly extravagant person
-
smoker, tobacco user
a person who smokes tobacco
-
snuff user, snuffer
a person who uses snuff
-
bar fly
a drinker who frequents bars
-
ale drinker, beer drinker
someone whose favorite drink is beer or ale
-
buyer, emptor, purchaser, vendee
a person who buys
-
chain-smoker
a heavy smoker (usually of cigarettes) who lights one off of another
-
cigarette smoker
a smoker of cigarettes
-
cigar smoker
a smoker of cigars
-
devourer
someone who eats greedily or voraciously
-
diner
a person eating a meal (especially in a restaurant)
-
drunk
someone who is intoxicated
-
drunk, drunkard, inebriate, rummy, sot, wino
a chronic drinker
-
dunker
an eater who dips food into a liquid before eating it
-
glutton, gourmand, gourmandizer, trencherman
a person who is devoted to eating and drinking to excess
-
gobbler
a hasty eater who swallows large mouthfuls
-
guest
a customer of a hotel or restaurant etc.
-
gulper, guzzler
a drinker who swallows large amounts greedily
-
guzzler
someone who drinks heavily (especially alcoholic beverages)
-
luncher
someone who is eating lunch
-
moderationist
a moderate drinker (as opposed to a total abstainer)
-
mouth
a person conceived as a consumer of food
-
muncher
a chewer who makes a munching noise
-
mycophage, mycophagist
a person or animal who eats fungi (especially mushrooms)
-
nosher, snacker
someone who eats lightly or eats snacks between meals
-
omnivore
a person who eats all kinds of foods
-
frequenter, patron
a regular customer
-
picknicker, picnicker
a person who is picnicking
-
pipe smoker
a smoker who uses a pipe
-
policyholder
a person who holds an insurance policy; usually, the client in whose name an insurance policy is written
-
quaffer
a person who drinks heartily
-
bacchanal, bacchant, drunken reveler, drunken reveller
someone who engages in drinking bouts
-
gorger, scoffer
someone who eats food rapidly and greedily
-
shopper
someone who visits stores in search of articles to buy
-
sipper
a drinker who sips
-
disburser, expender, spender
someone who spends money to purchase goods or services
-
scattergood, spend-all, spender, spendthrift
someone who spends money prodigally
-
reader, subscriber
someone who contracts to receive and pay for a service or a certain number of issues of a publication
-
sucker
a drinker who sucks (as at a nipple or through a straw)
-
taker
one who accepts an offer
-
social drinker, tippler
someone who drinks liquor repeatedly in small quantities
-
vegetarian
eater of fruits and grains and nuts; someone who eats no meat or fish or (often) any animal products
-
warrantee
a customer to whom a warrant or guarantee is given
-
carouser, wassailer
someone who enjoys riotous drinking
-
waster, wastrel
someone who dissipates resources self-indulgently
-
type of:
-
user
a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something
-
noun
an organism that depends on complex organic substances for nutrition
-
synonyms:
heterotroph
see moresee less-
types:
-
decomposer
an organism that breaks down dead animal and plant matter, thereby returning nutrients to an ecosystem
-
type of:
-
being, organism
a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
-
decomposer
DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘consumer’.
Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Vocabulary.com or its editors.
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Any time that you can give the consumer more of what they want, it’s a good thing. I said from Day 1 that the unbundling of the album is a good thing.
Edgar Bronfman, Jr.
PRONUNCIATION OF CONSUMER
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF CONSUMER
Consumer is a noun.
A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.
WHAT DOES CONSUMER MEAN IN ENGLISH?
Consumer
A consumer is a person or group of people, such as a household, who are the final users of products or services. The consumer’s use is final in the sense that the product is usually not improved by the use.
Definition of consumer in the English dictionary
The definition of consumer in the dictionary is a person or thing that consumes.
WORDS THAT RHYME WITH CONSUMER
Synonyms and antonyms of consumer in the English dictionary of synonyms
SYNONYMS OF «CONSUMER»
The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «consumer» and belong to the same grammatical category.
Translation of «consumer» into 25 languages
TRANSLATION OF CONSUMER
Find out the translation of consumer to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.
The translations of consumer from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «consumer» in English.
Translator English — Chinese
消费者
1,325 millions of speakers
Translator English — Spanish
consumidor
570 millions of speakers
English
consumer
510 millions of speakers
Translator English — Hindi
उपभोक्ता
380 millions of speakers
Translator English — Arabic
مُسْتَهْلِك
280 millions of speakers
Translator English — Russian
потребитель
278 millions of speakers
Translator English — Portuguese
consumidor
270 millions of speakers
Translator English — Bengali
ভোক্তা
260 millions of speakers
Translator English — French
consommateur
220 millions of speakers
Translator English — Malay
Pengguna
190 millions of speakers
Translator English — German
Verbraucher
180 millions of speakers
Translator English — Japanese
消費者
130 millions of speakers
Translator English — Korean
소비자
85 millions of speakers
Translator English — Javanese
Konsumen
85 millions of speakers
Translator English — Vietnamese
người tiêu dùng
80 millions of speakers
Translator English — Tamil
நுகர்வோர்
75 millions of speakers
Translator English — Marathi
उपभोक्ता
75 millions of speakers
Translator English — Turkish
tüketici
70 millions of speakers
Translator English — Italian
consumatore
65 millions of speakers
Translator English — Polish
konsument
50 millions of speakers
Translator English — Ukrainian
споживач
40 millions of speakers
Translator English — Romanian
consumator
30 millions of speakers
Translator English — Greek
καταναλωτής
15 millions of speakers
Translator English — Afrikaans
verbruiker
14 millions of speakers
Translator English — Swedish
konsument
10 millions of speakers
Translator English — Norwegian
forbruker
5 millions of speakers
Trends of use of consumer
TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «CONSUMER»
The term «consumer» is very widely used and occupies the 2.852 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.
FREQUENCY
Very widely used
The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «consumer» in the different countries.
Principal search tendencies and common uses of consumer
List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «consumer».
FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «CONSUMER» OVER TIME
The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «consumer» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «consumer» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.
Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about consumer
10 QUOTES WITH «CONSUMER»
Famous quotes and sentences with the word consumer.
When I entered the market, I was rejected because the elite say that you have to sell things at a certain price point. My position was that the consumer is smarter than that. Who cares if it’s $200, not $2,000?
We at BMW do not build cars as consumer objects, just to drive from A to B. We build mobile works of art.
Advertising and content have always been bound together — in print, on television, and on the web. Sure, you can skip the ad — just flip the page, or press ‘ffwd’ on your DVR. But great advertising, as I’ve long argued, adds value to the content ecosystem, and has as much a right to be in the conversation as does the publisher and the consumer.
I was convinced you were not able to tell a consumer you can have a healthy fried chip or a good-tasting baked chip.
The Australian economy is resilient, but business and consumer confidence is fragile.
I’m just like so many women — I was frustrated, I had these white pants that I had spent a lot of money on, and you get home and you think, ‘What am I really supposed to wear under this?’ So it was a frustrated consumer moment.
Fairly early in my career, I had a passion for wine just as a consumer, and I started to learn about the whole process, starting with a piece of raw ground, and ending up with a work of art in a bottle.
I never get the accountants in before I start up a business. It’s done on gut feeling, especially if I can see that they are taking the mickey out of the consumer.
Any time that you can give the consumer more of what they want, it’s a good thing. I said from Day 1 that the unbundling of the album is a good thing.
When the farmer can sell directly to the consumer, it is a more active process. There’s more contact. The consumer can know, who am I buying this from? What’s their name? Do they have a face? Is the food they are selling coming out of Mexico with pesticides?
10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «CONSUMER»
Discover the use of consumer in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to consumer and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.
The aim of this book is to provide an overall understanding for why people consume certain products and services and how this affects their behaviour and psychological well being»—Provided by publisher.
Cathrine V. Jansson-Boyd, 2010
2
Consumer Protection Law
This book covers all the Australian law on consumer protection and reflects the substantial changes in the perceptions of the best way to protect the interests of consumers.
John Goldring, Laurence Maher, Jill McKeough, 1998
3
Consumer Insights 2.0: How Smart Companies Apply Customer …
An excellent case study from Dunkin’ Donuts shows how this approach works in practice.
The social ‘links’ (social relationships) are more important than the things (brands etc.) The aim of this book is therefore to offer a systematic overview of the area that has been defined as “cultures of consumption”- consumption …
Bernard Cova, Robert Kozinets, Avi Shankar, 2012
5
We are Like that Only: Understanding the Logic of Consumer India
‘Rama has developed a very strong case for learning about India on its own terms before investing. This book is a critical read for anyone considering building a large presence for themselves in India.
The series brings together economists, sociologists, psychologists, and philosophers to develop analyses that challenge and enrich the dominant neoclassical paradigm.The Consumer Society is an essential guide to and summary of the …
Neva R. Goodwin, Frank Ackerman, David Kiron, 2013
7
Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer
Designed for advanced MBA and doctoral course in Consumer Behavior and Customer Satisfaction, this is the definitive text on the meaning, causes, and consequences of customer satisfaction.
8
The Consumer Trap: Big Business Marketing in American Life
«Michael Dawson provides a step-by-step account of how the corporate marketing behemoth works and grows.
9
Basics Marketing 01: Consumer Behaviour
10
Handbook of Developments in Consumer Behaviour
This Handbook examines the area of consumer behaviour from the perspective of current developments and developing areas for the discipline, to new opportunities that comprehend the nature of consumer choice and its relationship to marketing …
Victoria Wells, G. R. Foxall, 2012
10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «CONSUMER»
Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term consumer is used in the context of the following news items.
Summer sees consumer optimism rise
Summer has started with rising consumer optimism and falling shop prices for the 26th month in a row, figures show. Indications are that … «expressandstar.com, Jul 15»
A consumer group wants Google to give Americans ‘the right to be …
A consumer advocacy group is urging the US Federal Trade Commission to investigate why Google has not given American internet users the … «Quartz, Jul 15»
Consumer website from Quarto
The Quarto Group has launched a new consumer-facing website to promote its global publishing programme, and will start selling direct to … «The Bookseller, Jul 15»
Eight Surprising Facts About The Chinese Luxury Consumer
This is the year of the Chinese consumer. They’re buying more often, in more places, and becoming brand-savvier on a daily basis. A large … «Forbes, Jul 15»
RPT-MAJOR INDEXES NEAR SESSION HIGHS; UTILITIES …
RPT-MAJOR INDEXES NEAR SESSION HIGHS; UTILITIES, CONSUMER STAPLES LEAD REBOUND ON S&P 500 … «Reuters UK, Jul 15»
This Top 10 List of Sports Content Creators Shows a Major …
Turns out, a cornucopia of teams, consumer brands, social media mavens and tech startups generate the biggest social reach—and marketers … «Adweek, Jul 15»
Russian Consumer Group Raises Hell by Warning Tourists Against …
The consumer rights group OZPP says traveling to Crimea without Kyiv’s permission could result in serious legal problems. Image edited by … «Global Voices Online, Jul 15»
Industrials sector the surprise winner in ASX meltdown, consumer …
Consumer staples have taken the biggest hit of all the sectors, down 8.8 per cent, followed by the financial sector, led by the banks, down 8.3 … «Sydney Morning Herald, Jul 15»
State of the U.S. ag economy: Energy, row crops, consumer sentiment
Thankfully, technology and innovation in the oil and gas sectors have lowered the time and the cost of production which benefits the consumer. «Corn and Soybean Digest, Jul 15»
Samsung Galaxy S5 Beats Galaxy S6 And S6 Edge In Consumer …
Samsung’s previous flagship device, the Galaxy S5, tops the smartphone rankings of Consumer Reports, beating out the current flagship … «Tech Times, Jul 15»
REFERENCE
« EDUCALINGO. Consumer [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/consumer>. Apr 2023 ».
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