That is are main word

English verbs that are not used in Continuous

In this lesson we will explore English verbs that are not used in Continuous.  All verbs in English can be divided into two groups:

1. action verbs (activity or action verbs)
2. state verbs (state verbs)

Action verbs describe actions and can be used in simple (Simple) and long (Continuous) times. The majority of such verbs. For example, run — action verb.

State verbs describe a condition and are usually used ONLY in simple times (Simple). These verbs must be memorized. For example,  love — verb-state.

Action and state verbs. State and Activity Verbs

There are many more Activity or Action Verbs than State Verbs. Therefore, state verbs must be memorized gradually. Beginners need to memorize 13 verbs.

Level one (for beginners)

Already at the beginner level of learning English, it is imperative 13 English state verbs, which are not used for long times (Continuous). These are very common verbs. Here’s a list.

1. be — to be
2. have — to have
3. need — to need
4. hear — to hear
5. see — to see
6. — like
7. love — to love
8. dis — do not like
9. hate — to hate
10. know — to know
11. understand — to understand
12. want — to want
13. hope — hope

Verb enjoy unlike the verb used in continuous tense.
EXAMPLE Do you think he is enjoying the song? — Yes, he says he s it very much.

Action and state verbs. State and Activity Verbs. Level two

State verbs are divided into several groups:

Group I. Verbs of being (existence)

1. be — to be
2. seem — to seem
3. appear — to seem

Group II. Verbs of perception of reality with the help of the senses:

1. hear — to hear
2. see — see
3. look — look (perceive by sight)
4. resemble — to be similar (to have similarity)
5. smell — to smell (to smell)
6. taste — to feel (to taste)
7. sound — sound

Group III… State verbs that express our feelings and emotions:

1. feel — feel
2. — like
3. love — love
4. adore — adore
5. care for — love
6. dis — do not like
7. hate — hate

Group IV. State verbs that refer to mental activity

1. know — to know
2. understand — to understand
3. remember — remember
4. forget — to forget

Group V. Verbs that express opinions

1. think — consider, have an opinion
2. realize — realize
3. Believe — believe, believe

Source: http://englishinn.ru/angliyskie-glagolyi-kotoryie-ne-upotreblyayutsya-v-continuous.html

Who Which That: Terms of Use

Translate into English: «This is the house that Jack built.»
What word do you translate «which»? Which? Or that? Or who ?!

It is easy to get lost in these words from habit. Dealing with them is even easier.

Source: https://corp.lingualeo.com/ru/2017/10/12/who-which-that/

English grammar for beginners, part 5

: 20.03.2017

And here is another article from the «Grammar for Beginners» series. We have already published four articles and received hundreds of grateful responses from our readers. As a reminder, in this series of articles, we explain grammar in accessible words without complicated terms, so that beginners or people who don’t remember the basics of English well can understand grammar and put it into practice.

:

• 1. Demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those
• 2. The use of few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, plenty
• 3. Peculiarities of using some, any, no
• 4. Indefinite pronouns with some-, any-, no- and every-

Be sure to check out the following articles in this series:

Demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those

Demonstrative pronouns in English indicate an object, person, animal. In the singular we use the pronoun this (this, this, this) and that (that, that, that), in the plural — these (these) and those (those).

This and theseThat and those

1. We talk about objects and people who are next to us… In some cases, such phrases will contain the word here, which will indicate to you the proximity of the item. this book here. — Look at this book. (which means the book is next to us)Thesis shoes are too small. — These the shoes are too small. (you try on shoes and tell the seller that they are small)	1. We talk about objects and people who are far from us… In some cases, such phrases will contain the words over there, which will indicate to you the distant location of the object.That book over there belongs to me. — And the book belongs to me. (the book is at the other end of the room, and you show the person that the book over there is yours)Those shoes look fantastic! — Those the shoes look fantastic! (shoes are on the shelf farthest from you)
2. Talking about something happening at the moment of speech or close to the moment of speech.This girl is charming. — This the girl is adorable. (we are looking at the girl at the moment)Thesis hamburgers are tasty. — This is delicious burgers. (refers to the hamburgers we are eating at the moment)	2. Talking about the event in the past tense, that is, distant from the moment of speech.That girl I met last week was charming. — And the girl I met last week was adorable. (the action took place in the past)Those hamburgers we ate yesterday were tasty. — Those the burgers we ate yesterday were delicious. (we are talking about the past — a distant moment in time)
3. When we introduce ourselves (in a telephone conversation) or introduce a person / several people.hello, this is John! — Hey, it John! (we call and introduce ourselves)Thesis are my colleagues, Tom and Jerry. — This is my colleagues, Tom and Jerry.	3. When you ask the person to introduce themselveswith whom you are talking on the phone (person is far away from you) .Hello, is That Sally? — Hey, it Sally?

An interesting point: the pronouns this and it are very similar, we can say both This is a dog and It is a dog. What is the difference between them?

This is a dog. — This is a dog. (emphasis on the first word: we want to say that this, and not some other, animal is a dog)

A cat and a dog are standing in front of us. Your friend points to the cat and claims it is a dog. You point to a dog and say: This is a dog.

It is a dog. — This is a dog. (emphasis on the second word: we want to emphasize that this animal is a dog, not a cat)

Your friend points you to the dog and says it’s a cat. In this case, you tell him: It’s a dog.

Do you understand the difference between these pronouns? Then take our test.

Demonstrative test this, that, these, those

Using few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, plenty

In Part XNUMX of our Grammar for Beginners, we have already learned five words for the amount of something: many, much, some, any, and no. Now let’s see what other expressions are used to denote the number of countable (which can be counted) and uncountable (which cannot be counted) nouns. For convenience, we will present everything in the table.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns Translation Example

a lot of, lots of	many, very many	I have a lot of books in my library. — In my library lots of books.I put plenty of milk in my coffee. — I poured lots of milk in your coffee.
many	much	many (many in all kinds of sentences, much mostly in negative and interrogative sentences)	do you have many books. — At your place lot books? Do you put much milk in my coffee? — You lot poured milk into my coffee?
some	a little, a little (in affirmative sentences)	I have some books. — I have some books.I put some milk in my coffee. — I poured slightly milk in your coffee.
Any	several, a little (in interrogative and negative sentences)	do you have Any books? — Do you have slightly books? Did you put Any milk in my coffee? — You poured slightly milk in my coffee?
a few	a little	little but enough	I have a few books in my library. — In my library slightly books. (so many books are enough for me) I put a little milk in my coffee. — I poured slightly milk in your coffee. (It’s enough)
few	little	little and not enough	I have few books in my library. — In my library little books. (so little that it’s not enough, there’s a lack) I put little milk in my coffee. — I poured little milk in your coffee. (I would like more, I feel a lack)
No.	there is no one (s), there is no	I have No. books in my library. — In my library no one books.There is No. milk in my coffee. — In my coffee there is no milk.

We want to clarify in a little more detail the difference between the words a few (a little) and few (little). The first of them (a few and a little) are used in case you have little of something, but this amount is still enough for you, you do not experience a shortage. While few and little we use, when you don’t have enough of something and this amount is not enough for you, you are missing it.

Peculiarities of using some, any, no

We figured out how to denote quantity using the words some, any, no. As you noticed, indefinite pronouns in English always appear before a noun and, in fact, replace the article. Let’s see examples of how this happens:

there is a book in the box. = There is some book in the box. — In the box some kind of

Source: https://englex.ru/english-grammar-for-beginners-part-5/

Enjoy learning English online with Puzzle English for free

In English speech and in literary texts, the words that and this are often found. The difference between them, of course, exists, but what — for many remains a mystery.

Today we will consider not only the use of this and that, but also the competent use of the pronouns these and those. The difference between these pairs is quite significant, and, understanding it, you will never again confuse the words that, this, those and these.

This or that: the rule of thumb

This and that are demonstrative pronouns.

This translates to this / this / this.
That is, respectively, like that / that / that.

Both pronouns indicate ONE object (or person), the difference between this and that is that the objects that we denote with these pronouns are at different distances from the speaker.

This denotes what is nearby, nearby, close.
That — what is located far away from the speaker.

For example, the
This cat is mine. This cat is mine.
That cat is yours. That cat is yours.

«Cat» is a singular word. Choice this or That depends exactly on WHERE this cat is located. The one that lies at my feet — this cat. The one that is far from me — that cat.

When we talk about the remoteness of an object, we are talking not only about space (the physical location of the object is far or close to the speaker), but also about time.

For example:
That was awesome! I had a wonderful time!
It was great! I had a wonderful time!

The action took place in the past, the narrator now recalls a pleasant time and uses a pronoun That… Please note that we will most likely translate into Russian That as “this”, and not as “that” — due to the peculiarities of the stylistics of the Russian language. For us, the difference between “this” and “that” in this context is insignificant. But it is essential for the English language. To consume this in this case it will be an error.

Thus, when talking about events that are distant in time (actions in the past), we use the pronoun That.

This and that in living speech

This and that are often confused in dialogues such as a telephone conversation.

If you are introducing yourself in a conversation, use this:
— Hello. This is Mary.

If you ask a question, specify who is talking to you, use That:
— Is that Julia?

Compare:

— Is that George?
— No, this is Mike.

These and those: difference and use

In addition to this and that, you can often find another pair of demonstrative pronouns: these-those. The rule for their use is as follows: if there are many items, not just one, we change this to these, and that to those.

These — these
Those — those

These cats are mine. These cats are mine.
Those cats are yours. Those cats are yours.

As you can see, both pronouns those, these indicate many objects (there are several cats). What is the difference between them? These and those, as well as the this – that pair, denote objects that are at different distances from the speaker.

These — items close (these)
Those — objects far away (those)

Thus, when choosing a suitable pronoun, we always look at only two aspects:

1. The number of objects / persons (how many — one or many)
2. Their distance from the speaker (here or there)

The pair this – these is used in case the object / objects are next to the speaker. The pair that – those is used if the object or objects are far from the speaker.

Pronouncing it correctly: these or this

You have probably come across the fact that in live speech it is difficult to hear the difference between these and this. Therefore, they are often confused in both speech and writing. Both pronouns are pronounced similarly, and it is not always possible to catch in a conversation what was sounded after all — these or this. How to pronounce these and this correctly:

This is pronounced briefly, with the s at the end sounding like “s,” muffled. But these are pronounced with a long sound “i” (as in Russian “research institute”), and at the end it sounds “z”, not “s”.

If you yourself pronounce these pronouns correctly, then in someone else’s speech you will hear the difference between them.

How to use this, that, these, those in a sentence

Demonstrative pronouns this / that / these / those can be used with or without a noun. Take a look:

Without a noun: This is your last chance to see him.

This is your last chance to see him.

With a noun: This meeting is your last chance to see him.

This meeting is your last chance to see him.

If demonstrative pronouns appear at the beginning of a sentence, and there is no defining noun after them, then, as a rule, the verb to be follows in the singular or plural form:

This is / These are / That is / Those are

This is a cat. — It’s a cat. These are butterflies. — These are butterflies. That is a train. — It’s a train.

Those are cucumbers. — These are cucumbers.

Both this and that fulfill the function of the subject here and are translated as “this”.

Demonstrative pronouns without nouns can appear in different parts of a sentence:

Which trousers would you choose, these or those?
Which pants would you choose, these or those?

What is that?
What is it over there?

If a demonstrative pronoun precedes a noun, its function is to point to a specific object:

This cat has drunk our milk. — This cat drank our milk.
In this case, the pronoun this specifies that it was this cat, and not some other, who drank all the milk.

Any of the four demonstrative pronouns can be followed by a noun:

This flower smells great. — This flower smells great. That man is very angry. “That man is very angry. These tickets cost too much. —These tickets are too expensive.

Those presents are from my friend. “Those gifts are from my friends.

The tricky question «What is this?»

When you ask the question “What is this?” You may encounter difficulty. After all, pronounced in Russian, the question «What is this?» it sounds the same no matter how many objects there are and wherever they are. Take a look:

Due to the fact that in Russian the question sounds the same in all four situations, many are confused as to how to correctly ask in English: “What is this?”.

Focus on the distance of the object and the number of objects. Have you identified? Now choose the appropriate pronoun and the appropriate form of the verb to be.

Demonstrative pronouns and one

Sometimes, after demonstrative pronouns, you can find the word one… And then one is… What it is?

It happens that in order to preserve the beauty of speech, you need to avoid repeating a noun. For example:

This T-shirt is too expensive. That T-shirt is cheaper.
This T-shirt is too expensive. That T-shirt is cheaper.

The repetition of the word «T-shirt» is not justified here. What for? In Russian, we would rather say: “This T-shirt is too expensive. That is cheaper. » Everyone understands that “that” = “that shirt”.

Something similar happens in English. Just like in Russian, we get rid of the double of the word T-shirt. But if in Russian it is possible to leave the pronoun «ta» in splendid isolation, then in English we must choose a substitute for the noun. This function is taken over by one… Take a look:

This T-shirt is too expensive. That one is cheaper.
This T-shirt is too expensive. That is cheaper.

Since we are talking about one subject, we used the singular demonstrative that. After the pronouns that / this, the rule is to use the word one.

If we are talking about a lot of objects and use the pronouns these and those, then as a replacement for a noun we will use one is.

Source: https://puzzle-english.com/directory/thisthat

Possessive pronouns in English

Possessive pronouns in English include the following pronouns:

my — mine, mine

your — yours, yours

his — his

her — her

its — his, her, his

our — our

their — their

mine — mine

yours — yours

hers — her

ours — our

theirs — theirs

Possessive pronouns reflect the belonging or connection of objects.

My book is black and his is yellow.
My book is black and his is yellow.

They can be in attachable (cojoint) or absolute (absolute) form.

Attached possessive pronouns (my, your, his, her, our, their) are always used only in conjunction with the corresponding noun:

my cat is 5 years old.
My cat is 5 years old.

and the absolute ones (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs) replace them with themselves:

What do hedgehogs drink? My s milk.
What do hedgehogs drink? I like milk.

Possessive Pronoun Table

Note: the possessive pronoun its is written without an apostrophe. Apostrophe writing (it’s) Is an abbreviation for the phrase it is.

A pronoun in an attached form always comes before a noun. If a noun is used with adjective (s), then the possessive pronoun is placed before them:

I’ve lost my new keys.
I lost my new keys.

Differences with the Russian language

Note that possessive pronouns in English are often used where they are absent in Russian, but they mean:

he put his hand into his pocket.
He put his hand in his pocket.

I’ve told my about it several times but she still managed to forget about our family sister picnic.
I reminded my sister several times, but she still managed to forget about our family picnic.

Source: https://www.native-english.ru/grammar/possessive-pronouns

Use of the verb know in English

Know verb («know«) Is often used in English in different contexts. Considered below use of the verb know in English in different situations, and the rules for its use.

Know in meaning «be able to do something«,»know how to do something«: After the verb Know in such a context, the infinitive cannot be immediately followed; instead, the structure is used know how to + infinitive.

For example:
I know how to make French fries.
I know how to make French fries. (= I can make French fries.)

In formal speech and writing Know sometimes used in construction know + addition + infinitive.

For example (pay attention to the translation of such a construction into Russian):
I know him to be an honest man.
Я know that he fair man. (= I know him how honest man.)

However, as mentioned, such use is characteristic of formal situations, and not characteristic of colloquial speech or writing, instead, in such situations, relative clauses introduced by the union are used That.

For example:
I know that he is an honest man.
Я I know that he is an honest man.

Времена

Verb Know usually not used in continuous.

For example:
I Know what you mean. (NOT I am knowing)
I know what you mean.

Know and know about / of

  Structure know + direct addition to indicate acquaintance with someone is used in situations where the speaker knows the person being mentioned personally. In other cases, when the speaker has not met the person mentioned in person, other expressions are commonly used: know about, know of, have heard of, and others.

Please note that there is no such difference in Russian.

For example:
I Know your brother very well, we often play tennis together.
I know your brother very well, we often play tennis together. (There is a fact of personal acquaintance, therefore the verb is used Know with direct addition.)

we all know about Albert Einstein. (NOT We all know Albert Einstein.)

We all know Albert Einstein. (Since the fact of personal acquaintance is absent, the construction is used know about.)
(Note that both sentences were translated in the same way into Russian, while English sentences used different structures.)

I know and I know it

Expression I know used in relation to facts. It can be continued with a subordinate clause introduced by the union That.

For example:
«You are late.» «I know.«(=» I know that I am late. «)
You late. — I know. (= I know I was late.)

Expression I know it used in relation to what has already been said or said, in this case it replaces the noun.

Compare:
«We went to a nice restaurant called Fire and Ice last night.» «I know it.«
Last night we went to a nice restaurant called Fire and Ice. — I know him. (= I know about this restaurant.)

«We went to a nice restaurant called Fire and Ice last night.» «I know.«

Last night we went to a nice restaurant called Fire and Ice. — I know. (= I know you went to this restaurant.)

Source: http://www.correctenglish.ru/mistakes/features/know/

Demonstrative pronouns in English

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Demonstrative pronouns in English (demonstrative pronouns / demonstratives) indicate a person, object, or their signs. There are several demonstrative pronouns in English.

Single number The many number

this — this, this, this	these — these
that — that, that, that	those — those
such — such, similar	such — such like
the same — the same	the same — the same
it is	it is

Now you know what demonstrative pronouns are in English. Next, we will consider the cases when each of them is used.

Demonstrative pronouns this and these

This is used with singular nouns, the pronoun these — with plural nouns. These pronouns should be used in the following cases:

1. When we talk about people or things that are near us. Sometimes in sentences with this and these, the adverb here (here) is used, which also indicates the proximity of the subject to us.

This table is wooden. — This table wood. (the table is nearby, and we point to it)

These books belong to me. — These books belong to me. (several books are next to me)

this girl is here and she is waiting for you. — This girlclick hereand she is waiting for you.

2. When a situation occurs in the present or future tense, we describe this situation using this / these.

We are going to meet this week… — We are going to meet at this week.

This month you are making a great progress. — V this month you are making tremendous progress.

3. When we talk about the same thing several times and want to avoid repetition.

I don’t want to discuss this but I have to. — I do not want it discuss, but I have to. (it is assumed that this event has already been called before, thus avoiding repetition)

Look at this! He seems to be looking for his money. — Look at it! He seems to be looking for his money. (the pronoun indicates the situation described in the second sentence)

This is the main goal in my life. — This is the main goal in my life.

4. When we introduce people or introduce ourselves in a telephone conversation.

Jim, These are my brothers, Tom and Carl. — Jim, it my brothers, Tom and Karl.

Hello! This is Kate speaking! Can I speak to Mary? — Hey. This is Kate. Can I talk to Mary?

Demonstrative pronouns that and those

The demonstrative that is used with singular nouns, the pronoun those with plural nouns. Let’s see when we can use the demonstrative pronouns that and those:

1. When we talk about people or things that are far away from us. Sometimes the adverb there is used in sentences with the demonstrative pronouns that and those.

I don’t this piece of cake. Give me That one, please. — I don’t like this piece of cake. Give me that, please. (the piece of cake that the speaker liked is farther from him)

Source: https://engblog.ru/demonstrative-pronouns

What is the difference between may and might?

May и might belong to the group of modal verbs. Both words denote the possibility of something. Usually they can easily replace each other without changing the translation of the sentence, however might often implies that something is less likely to happen.

Compare:

It may rain… (probability — 50%)
It might rain… (probability — 30%)

Despite the fact that as a translation of the modal verbs may and might the dictionary contains the words “to be able”, “to be able”, “to be probable”, in the context these words can be translated as “possible”, “probably”, etc.

Some insist that may should be used in the present tense when talking about current events, and might in the past tense when talking about events in the past. For example:

She may go home early, if she’s tired. (present)
I might have visited Russia before settling in Minsk. (past
time)

In practice, these distinctions are made very rarely, so these two verbs are interchangeable.

She might go home early, if she’s tired.
I may have visited Russia before settling in Minsk.

However, there are differences between the expressions may have and might have in a particular context. If how things really are is not known at the time of speech (or when writing), then both options are acceptable:

By the time he reads this, they may have (might have) made his decision.

If we are talking about the fact that something has already happened, and we know the result, then it is better to use migh have:

The draw against Italy might have been a turning point, but it didn’t turn out that.

Probability Expression (in the future)

If there is a possibility that something will happen or something is true, then we use might or may.

Comment: might used more often in colloquial speech than may.

It might rain tomorrow. Perhaps it will rain tomorrow.

They might go to the restaurant tonight.

Perhaps tomorrow night they will go to a restaurant. (but they’re not sure yet)

I think you may win.

I think you can (possibly) win.

You may be late for dinner. Hurry up!

You might be late for dinner. Hurry up!

Ask for permission or allow something

Generally in colloquial speech, to ask permission is usually used can… but may should be used in more formal situations when you want to show yourself to be a polite person.

May I come in? — May I come in? (Can I come in?)

Note: Might can also be used when making requests, but this word is not so common. You could even say it sounds pretty old-fashioned these days.

Now let us do something with the verb may:

You may take only one book with you. — You can only take one book with you.

To, on the contrary, prohibit something, we add to may particle Note:

You may not take more than one book with you. — You cannot take more than one book with you.

Typical situations (may)

May is used in academic (scientific) language to describe the phenomena that occur in specific situations:

Adults may find it difficult to sleep if they use technology before going to bed. — Adults may have difficulty falling asleep if they use technology before bed.

Assumptions about events (actions) in the past

What was that noise? It may have been a dog outside our window. — What was that noise? Perhaps it was a dog barking outside our window.

Might — past tense from may in indirect speech

When translating direct speech in English into indirect speech, the modal verb may turns into might:

Source: https://english-bird.ru/modalnye-glagoly-may-i-might-znachenie-i-upotreblenie/

Use of about in English

In English, ABOUT is used as a preposition, as an adverb, and even as an adjective. Let’s take a look at the main values ​​that use about.

The preposition about

About is primarily a preposition with a meaning «Oh, oh, relatively, about», which is used to indicate the topic of conversation or discussion. In other words, to say about someone or something, you need exactly the preposition about.

They to talk about literature… — They love to talk about literature.
Let’s talk about our plans… — Let’s talk about our plans.
tell me all about it.

— Tell me everything about it.
I’m worried about my parents… — I’m worry about their parents.
Think about what I’ve told you. — Think that I told you.

/ Think about what I told you.

Colloquially, about is often used to introduce a topic that needs to be discussed. That is, if you want to start a conversation about something or someone, you can use the following expression with the about preposition:

It’s about — This is about / This is about

It’s about my sister. She is going to get married. “This is about my sister. / It’s about my sister. She is going to get married. (and continue to discuss the topic further)
It’s about my project. I need some help. — This concerns my project. / This is about my project. I need help.

The preposition ON is also used to indicate the topic of something, but with a slight difference in usage. Let’s compare the following sentences:

ABOUT

The preposition about is used when it is generally said who or what it is about.

It’s a picture book for children about animals… — This is a picture book for children about animals / about animals.

In this sentence, we are simply saying that this book is about animals, without giving any more specific information. The book is about animals, not plants. At the same time, the sentence with about sounds less formal.

ON

Sentences with the preposition on, on the other hand, sound more formal and are most often used when we communicate a specific topic of something (books, textbooks, lectures, speeches, etc.). In this case, the preposition on is well translated into Russian by the preposition «by»:

It’s a textbook on English Grammar… — This is a tutorial in English grammar.

Unlike about, the preposition on is more often used when it comes to something serious, important that is related to science.

Verbs / adjectives + about

English has a number of verbs and adjectives followed by the preposition about. They need to be memorized, since there are no clear rules on this matter.

to complain about — complain about
to be concerned about — to be concerned
to be happy about — to be glad
to worry about

Source: https://myefe.ru/reference/about

Demonstratives this, that, these and those  

Singular	Plural
This — this, this, this	What color is this shirt? What color is this skirt?	These — these	Thesis buildings are new.
That is that, that, that	I don’t know That girl. I don’t know this girl.	Those — those	Who broght Those cakes? Who brings em cakes?

• This and these only indicate close objects or moments in time.

Let’s sit on These chairs, they are the closest.

Let’s sit on these chairs, they are the closest to us.

I’m too tired this weekend.

I am very tired this week.

If the pronoun this is used with the words government, city, country, etc., it means the country, city, place to which the speaker belongs. When translated, instead of the obscure Russian pronoun «this», you can name a city or a country.

This country is very interesting. — The person is in the UK

Great Britain is very interesting.

• That and those indicate objects that are distant in time or distance.

They can also be translated into Russian as «this», since the pronoun «that» is used much less often than that or those in English.

Let’s sit on Those chairs next to the stage. — Let’s sit on those chairs next to the stage.

Don’t got ill on Saturday. That day was the most difficult for him. — Don got sick on Saturday. That (this) day was the most difficult for him.

These pronouns can be put together with nouns and serve as a definition:

He owns this car. — He owns this car.

Or replace nouns and be used separately:

This is what John was searching for. “This is what John was looking for.

Pronoun such

Demonstrative pronouns in English include such — such. Its form does not change depending on the number, but the singular requires the use of the indefinite article if the noun is countable.

It is Such a boring book. — It’s such a boring book.

I don’t Such boring books. — I don’t like such boring books.

Pronoun same

Source: https://lingua-airlines.ru/kb-article/ukazatelnye-mestoimeniya-v-anglijskom-yazyke/

Artikli in English

Rules for the use of definite and indefinite articles (Articles) in colloquial English.

Correct use of the indefinite and definite articles in English is very important for mutual understanding. When communicating with an English-speaking person, you run the risk of being misunderstood if you make mistakes in using the article.

What is an article?

An article in English is a service word that is one of the main formal features of a noun, defines it, stands before a noun or before a word that defines it. The article itself is not used, has no meaning and is not translated into Russian.

Example

a pen — pen
a blue pen — blue pen

In the Slavic languages ​​and, in particular, in Russian, articles do not exist, therefore, for many students of English, this part of speech causes difficulties in understanding how, where and why to use articles. In English, using the articles, a clarification is made — we are talking about an abstract or concrete subject.

Indefinite article

The indefinite article has two forms: a и an, is used before countable nouns in the singular. The form a [ə] used before words that begin with a consonant. The form an [æn] used before words that begin with a vowel.

The indefinite article a (an) is used:

1. When we mention a subject for the first time.
Example:
I saw a cat. — I saw a cat.

2. Before the names of the professions.
Example:
I am a doctor. — I am a doctor.

3. Before a noun if there is an adjective in front of it that describes it.
Example:
She is a beautiful woman. — She’s a beautiful woman.

4. In combinations

• the couple
• a pair
• a little
• a few

Definite article

The definite article has one form the [ði:], is used when we are talking about something specific or already previously encountered in a context, conversation, or about what the interlocutor knows from his general knowledge. Definite article the comes from the word that (that), can be used with nouns in the singular and plural, with countable and uncountable.

Although the article the is always spelled the same, its production differs depending on which letter the next word begins with. Before vowels the pronounced with a long [i:] at the end (transcription [ði:]), and before consonants — with the sound [ə] (transcription [ðə]).

The definite article the is used:

1. When we talk about an object or person that has already been mentioned before, or it is clear from the context what we mean.
Example:I saw a cat. The cat was black.

We’ve talked about this cat before.

Source: https://english-odessa.com/stati/educational/artikli

The use of prepositions in English

What I love about English prepositions is the ability to completely change the meaning of the main word with the help of one such small word. It was «look at», but now:

• «look for»
• «to have an opinion» (look upon)
• «look after»
• «forgive» (look over)
• «look to».

Juggling with English pretexts is aerobatics. If you learn this art, you will enrich your vocabulary and generate a buzz of approval with your speech.

Many English learners take pretexts with some arrogance, believing that it is like a student repeating the English alphabet at night. Underestimated. But in vain.

Yes, prepositions are considered official, they do not answer any questions, but they allow you to get different meanings from the same verb, form cases (yes, the same ones that are in Russian) and do other interesting things. There is only one problem: there are a LOT of prepositions in English.

But this does not mean that you need to learn all of them right here and now. It is enough only to know the main ones, as well as to understand the division into groups.

Let’s not waste time on the fact that prepositions are simple monosyllabic, polysyllabic, consisting of several words, blah blah blah. Let’s get down to business and provide not only tables of prepositions in English, but also illustrative examples in pictures. We will also consider the use of prepositions with examples.

1. Prepositions of place and direction (spatial)

It is better to see once than to read the synopsis 100 times:

2. Temporary prepositions

Let’s consider the most basic ones: about, after, at, during, for, in, on, till, within.

about	about (about, about)	It’s about 6 pm
after	after	Summer comes after spring. (Summer comes after spring)
at	в	Let’s meet at 10 am
During	for	She was sleeping during the whole lesson. (She slept throughout the lesson)
for	for	He laughed for 5 minutes. (He laughed for 5 minutes)
in	via	I’ll be home in 10 minutes. (I’ll be home in 10 minutes)
on	by	I usually go shopping on Fridays. (I usually go shopping on Fridays)
to	to	I won’t go shopping till Sunday. (I won’t go shopping until Sunday)
Within	within, for	You must do it within a month. (You have to do it in a month)

because of — because;
on account of — due to, due to;
thanks to — thanks;
in accordance with — according to, in accordance with.

As you can see, the same preposition can be in different groups (for example, in or on are both temporal and spatial). Moreover, if you open any dictionary (well, at least the same Yandex) and select any preposition, you will be surprised at the number of meanings. Let’s say the most commonly used English preposition to can have 13 values ​​(do not be lazy, take a look).

Let’s talk a little about the nuances before inviting you to go into battle the «tests» section, where the first linguistic tests for knowing prepositions await you.

SINGING OFFERS!

Yes, yes, to sing along or even read out. When you get acquainted with the basic excuses, try yourself in the role of Eminem, Timati, or any rapper you like. Not enough ideas for the text yet? Mix up prepositions! Knowing small and remote prepositions is very cool. Check it out by watching the video and feel like a rising rap star.

ENGLISH PROSPECTS AND RUSSIAN PADES. We remember the second class.

• Genitive case (who? What?) — preposition of
Show me the plan of the house.

• Dative case (to whom? What?) — preposition to
Give it to me.

• Accusative case (who? What?) — no preposition
Give me a pen.

• Instrumental case (by whom? What?) — preposition With
She was cutting the letter with scissors.

• Prepositional case (about whom? About what?) — preposition about
Don’t speak about me.

PLACE OFFER IN OFFER

Any excuse, know your place!

• In general, the preposition is supposed to be put BEFORE a noun or pronoun (if the noun has an article or a definition, then you cannot break it)

Put the book on the table.
Give it to me.
The shop is behind the green house.
You must do it with in two months.

• In interrogative sentences (which start with what, where, etc.), the preposition is placed at the end:

What city do you live in?
Who are you waiting for?

• The rest of the cases are associated with the use of prepositions in subordinate clauses, passive constructions. All this will be more relevant to study in the «Syntax» section.

• It is very useful to learn the signs, where the preposition has already merged with a certain noun. Useful in everyday communication.

by	By mistake By accident By chance By the way By bus / train / car day by day Step by step	by mistake by accident by accident by the way by bus / train / car day after day step by step
for	For a walk / dance / drink / swim For breakfast / dinner	go for a walk / dance / drink / swim for breakfast / lunch
in	in fact In case In the future In love In time In the morning / evening / afternoon	in fact in case in the future in love at the right time morning / evening / afternoon
on	On-television On holiday / a trip on foot	on TV on vacation / on a trip on foot
at	At home / work At night At present	at home / at work at night now

By the way, about the last three pretexts. They won a special place under the sun and formed their own caste — prepositions of place. Why it is necessary to collect a dossier on them no less than on a counterintelligence agent, an article specially devoted to them will tell and prove.

Simple valuable advice: since it is impossible to learn ALL prepositions at the first time of learning (and it is not necessary), when you write out the next new verb from the dictionary, mark yourself at least 2 options with different prepositions.

For example:

Put — put
Put on — to place a bet on (smb., Sm.)
Put across — to deceive

When it becomes a habit, you will one day be happy to find that the use of the verb is masterful: in different meanings for the situation. This will brighten your speech and save you from any pauses and «mmm», «eee», «aaa». In the meantime, the problem exists, then you need to solve it, starting with passing a thematic test on prepositions. 

Have you sorted the prepositions on the shelves in your head? There are spots even on the Sun, so we suggest once again (which is not at all superfluous) to go through the pretexts by watching a video tutorial on the topic. After watching and several years of practice, you can safely assign yourself the honorary title of «guru».

Source: https://iloveenglish.ru/theory/anglijskaya_grammatika/predlog