Сохранение файла excel с помощью макроса

Microsoft Excel offers Visual Basic for Application (VBA) as a scripting tool to let you add additional functionality to your Excel spreadsheets. You can use VBA to prompt the user to enter a filename for an Excel spreadsheet and then save the file where the user has indicated.

In newer versions of Excel, you can use JavaScript scripting to achieve similar functionality.

Understanding VBA for Excel 

VBA is a scripting language that’s supported by the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software, including the word processing program Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel, the suite’s spreadsheet program. Microsoft provides extensive documentation for the functionality that is accessible through VBA.

It’s related to other versions of the Basic and Visual Basic programming language, although it has its own distinct syntax and set of features you can access, particularly as it relates to scripting the Microsoft Office programs. You can embed macros, or short programs, into Microsoft Office files for yourself and your colleagues to work with. They can be used to tweak the user interface in Excel and Word and to automate features, such as copying and pasting text.

These macros are separate from Excel formulas, which are used to automatically compute results in a spreadsheet cell based on values in other cells.

VBA and Security Concerns

Keep in mind that if you write code in VBA and embed it in an Excel or Word file, the file will get a distinct extension indicating that it contains macro code. For security reasons, other users and users on other computers may have to approve the code to run before it will function.

In some cases, depending on settings, you may not be able to run the code at all or the file may be flagged by antivirus software and you won’t be able to install it.

If someone sends you a file that you don’t expect to have macro code or you receive a file with macro code from an unexpected source, do not allow the macro code to run until you verify it was written and sent to you by someone you trust, since it could damage files on your computer.

Setting Up the Developer Toolbar

Before you can access the scripting interface in Microsoft Excel, you must enable it. To do so, click the «File» tab on the ribbon menu, then click «Options» to enable the «Options» dialog box. Click «Customize Ribbon» in the left portion of the box, and then select «Popular Commands» under the «Choose commands from» label.

Then, on the right side of the dialog box, select «Main Tabs» in the «Customize the Ribbon» dropdown list and check the box next to the word «Developer.» Click the «OK» button.

The «Developer» tab will now appear on your ribbon menu. From there, you can click the «Visual Basic» button to see the embedded macro code in your spreadsheet.

Adding «Save» Button in Excel  

If you want to add a VBA save as button in Excel, you can do so using the «Developer» tab in the ribbon menu. Make sure you have enabled it by customizing the ribbon, and then click the «Insert» button; under «ActiveX Controls,» click the word «Button.»

Then, click in your spreadsheet where you want the button to appear. Next, in the «Controls» group of the ribbon menu’s «Developer» tab, click «View code.» Select the button’s name in the left dropdown menu and the word «Click» in the right dropdown menu to edit the code that will be executed when you click on the button.

Here, you can add code for your «Save As» button to show the familiar prompt that will enable users to choose a location to store the spreadsheet.

Excel VBA and «Save As»

To give an Excel macro «Save As» functionality, you can use the Excel VBA GetSaveAsFilename function. This is part of the «Application» group of functions, since it is part of Excel’s core functionality.

Assign the result of the operation to a variable with a line like «filename = Application.GetSaveAsFileName()». When the code is run, a «Save As» dialog box will pop up, defaulting to the name of the current file.

You can specify an argument to the function called InitialFileName to indicate another default filename, use an argument called Title to customize the title on the dialog box, and use the FileFilter and FilterIndex options to specify a list of file types, such as Excel spreadsheets or text files, and the index within the list of the one you wish to use as a default.

When you select a folder and enter a file name to save the file with, the function will return the file path. If you close or cancel out of the dialog box, it will return «False.»

Accessing an Excel Workbook

Logically, you’ll likely want your Excel VBA SaveAs button to actually save the file using the file path that the user provided rather than just discarding that name. You can use the SaveAs method on a workbook object to do so. Remember that a workbook is just another name for a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file.

To access the current workbook the user is working in, use the variable ActiveWorkbook. To get an already open workbook by filename, use the Workbooks method, such as by calling up Workbooks («filename.xls»).

Saving the Workbook

Once you have your workbook, you can call the SaveAs method on it using the filename that the user provided through the dialog box, such as by calling «ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs Filename:=filename». You can also pass other parameters to this function, such as the file format to use for the file, which could be a Windows or Mac text file, a Windows or Mac comma-separated value file or a traditional Excel file.

Other parameters allow you to indicate whether to add the file to the list of recently used files and whether to require a password, which you can specify with the method, to interact with the file. You may wish to prompt the user or otherwise indicate if you wish to set a password so you don’t make the file impossible to open.

Saving the File in Place

While an Excel macro for Save as can be useful if you want to prompt a user to enter a new filename, there are also times where you will simply want to save the Excel spreadsheet with its existing filename.

To do this, use the Save method on the workbook without any arguments. For example, you can call ActiveWorkbook.Save to save the active workbook. You can also iterate through the Application.Workbooks variable using a for loop to save each open workbook.

You may wish to notify users when you intend to save open workbooks, either by including a dialog box or a message within the spreadsheet, so that colleagues are not surprised that their work has been written to disk.

Styling Your Excel VBA Button

You may want to style and label buttons you create in Excel VBA to stand out. To do so, click the «Developer» tab in the ribbon menu and then click the «Design Mode» toggle button to turn design mode on.

Select the button you want to configure and design by clicking it with you mouse, and then click «Properties» within the «Controls» group of the «Developer» tab of the ribbon menu. Alternatively, right-click the button and click «Properties» with design mode enabled.

Within the properties menu, you can configure options like the «Caption» that is displayed on the button, which you may want to set to something like «Save As,» as well as the font settings used to display the text on the button. You can also configure whether the button has an image displayed on it and what type of cursor icon will appear when you move your mouse over it.

It’s also possible to configure whether it will appear when you print the spreadsheet. Configure the button so that you think it will be clear to users of the spreadsheet what it does, taking into account your organization’s usual font and styling preferences.

Using the Default Save As

While it may occasionally be useful to trigger a SaveAs dialog menu with the click of a button within your spreadsheet, it’s usually not necessary, because a SaveAs button is already built in to Microsoft Excel.

To access it, click the «File» menu in Microsoft Excel and then click «Save As.» Choose where you want to save the file on your cloud storage or on your local computer, and use the «Save as type» dropdown menu to choose which file format you want to use to store the file.

Use the «File name» box to indicate a name for the file, and click the «Save» button when you are satisfied.

Using the JavaScript API

Newer versions of Microsoft Office also enable scripting with JavaScript, a programming language commonly used for implementing interactive functionality on the web.

So far, saving functionality is only available in a public preview version of the scripting tool. You can save the file by calling the Workbook.save method, similar to the functionality in VBA. Call Workbook.save with the parameter Excel.SaveBehavior.save to indicate that you want to save the file in its existing place; use the argument Excel.SaveBehavior.prompt if you want to prompt the user on where to save the file for the first time.

Note that if the user cancels the Save menu, the method will throw an exception.

Using Google Apps Script

If you’re using Google Sheets instead of Microsoft Excel, you can still write code to script interactive elements and automated functionality in your spreadsheets. The code will be written in a version of JavaScript known as Google Apps Script that has access to Google applications like Google Docs, Google Sheets and Gmail.

If you want to create and populate a spreadsheet with a particular name in Google Sheets, you can use the «SpreadsheetApp.create» method, which takes the spreadsheet’s designed name as an argument and will return the web address of the new spreadsheet. If you pass it the name and a number of rows and a number of columns, such as SpreadsheetApp.create(«MySpreadsheet», 20, 5), it will create a new spreadsheet with those specifications.

Compatibility Between Software Tools

Note that the scripting languages included with various word processing and spreadsheet tools are largely incompatible with those from other makers. If you send someone a Microsoft Excel sheet with VBA code that they open with LibreOffice Calc, Apple Numbers or Google Sheets, it is very likely that the VBA code embedded in the sheet simply will not run on the other program.

Take this factor into consideration if you are exchanging files with people using different spreadsheet or word processing software.

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Private Sub Workbook_BeforeClose(Cancel
As Boolean)Выведем сообщение с "ОК" или "Отмена"
Select Case MsgBox("Сохранить и закрыть?",vbOKCancel)
'Если нажал "Отмена", закрываем окно
Case Is = vbCancel
Cancel=True
'Если нажал "Да", то сохраняем книгу
Case Is=vbOK
ActiveWorkbook.Save
'Завершаем проверку, закрываем Select Case
End Select
End Sub