Question
Updated on
8 Aug 2020
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Korean
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English (US)
Question about English (US)
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English (US)
They are the same expression sec is a shortened word for second. The only difference is sec is a little more informal
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English (US)
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Malay
Yes they’re similar 😌
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English (US)
They are the same expression sec is a shortened word for second. The only difference is sec is a little more informal
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Korean
@Junggie @selamt
Thank you so much.
Too bad I can give the best answer to only one person.
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English (US)
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Malay
It’s okay 😌
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Here you go.
There you are.
Here it is.Are these expressions the same?
answer
Here you go — used for PEOPLE, and you usually use it when you are giving someone something.
Example:
«Can you give me that ball»
«Sure, he… -
You talked me into going there.
You persuaded me to go there.Are these expressions similar?
answer
Yes, but «You persuaded me to go there» is a more fancy or formal way
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Look at this.
Can you look at this?
Can you take a look at this?Are these expressions similar?
answer
The first one is demanding, kind of like a command. The second one is more formal and is phrased as a question, and the third one is the most…
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Come here a sec.
Come here for a second.Are these expressions the same?
answer
@SBSE yes they are the same! “Come here a sec” is a lot more casual/informal and is usually used with friends, family, or in casual situation…
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Can you let me see this?
==
Can you give me (~~~~~~~~~)?Can you make the two sentences the…
answer
@SBSE
Can you give me a look at that?
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I’m so glad you came here.
I’m so glad you visited here.Are these expressions similar?
answer
Yes. I would not use «here» in either statement.
- Can you wait for a sec? I’ll be back quick as a wink. Does this sound natural?
- Can you wait for a sec? I’m shampooing my hair so can’t open my eyes. Does this sound natural?
- Please show me example sentences with hang on a sec..
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“What do you call an interracial relationship?”
…..happy.
What’s the catch here??
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what is correct?
Where are you study?
Or
Where do you study?Thank you.
- How to respond to «I hope you are doing well»?
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Choose the correct answer :
Despite a reputation for——output, he had the —-to take credit f… -
If you are not the correct person, please direct me the correct one.
Does this sentence sound nat…
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A. come back here, we miss you!
B. i’m not coming back, I like it here, finally I found a place t… - In a scientific paper, an English native editor corrected my sentence «any one of x, y, and z» in…
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Which of these sound natural?
1. This type of job is easy to find.
2. This type of job is easy to… -
Why is this not correct?
It’s very large for me to wear.
My textbook says it should be «It’…
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I don’t need gas anymore.
Please see cashier.
https://www.facebook.com/100064511147275/posts/pf…
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Which is appropriate?
1. I’m glad to have wonderful classmates.
2. I’m happy to have wonderful c… - Would it be natural to say ‘Thanks for clearing it up!’ to someone who’s helped me here with my E…
- l am your father’s brother’s nephew’s cousin’s former roommate.
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By Robby
If you are new here please read this first.
VOCAB – this is a short version of ‘vocabulary’ and while it’s not something you’ll be using on a very regular basis, it’s always good to know that you can say things like: “I want to build my English vocab” or “I just added another useful English phrase to my vocab!”
LIMO – short for ‘limousine’. Next time around when you see one, you can nudge your friend and tell him – “Hey man, look at that cool limo!”
CELEB – I’m pretty sure you knew this one, but I had to put it on the list to make it complete! It’s obviously short for ‘celebrity’ and I wouldn’t be surprised if 20 years down the line people wouldn’t remember the original word at all!
PIC – this is a very handy way of referring to a picture or a photograph. “Hold on a sec, I’ll take a pic and then we’re good to go!”
SEC – this is how you can shorten the word ‘second’. As a matter of fact, I used this word in the sample sentence above, and here’s a couple more sample phrases: “Wait a sec!” or “Be back in a sec!”
DECAF – this is a short version of ‘decaffeinated coffee’ and it will definitely come in handy when putting in an order in a coffee shop late in the evening – “I’d like a large decaf latte, please!”
DETOX – this is a popular word in terms of dieting, and it refers to detoxification whereby you get your body rid of all sorts of toxins. ‘A detox diet’, for example, is a diet consisting mostly of juices, fresh salads and veggies and helps you get much healthier within a matter of days!
VEGGIE – is a short for ‘vegetable’ and is used all the time when people talk about health and balanced nutrition – “I’m eating lots of fresh fruit and veggies, and I’m feeling simply amazing!”
CARBS – carbohydrates. To be honest with you, I think the word ‘carbs’ has become so popular in the food industry that we don’t even have to wait for 20 years before everyone forgets the original word ‘carbohydrates’.
BI’S – biceps. TRI’S – triceps. QUADS – quadriceps (front part of your upper legs) HAMS – hamstrings (back of your upper legs) PECS – pectorals (chest muscles). DELTS – deltoids (shoulders). ABS – abdominal muscles. This is how you refer to your different body parts when you’re in a gym, and not only! You can use these body part names whenever you mention the respective body parts in daily conversations, and you can rest assured that you’ll be understood.
REP – a quick way of referring to a ‘representative’. ‘Rep’ is widely used in all industries – sales rep, trade union rep – and if you’re a sales rep, for example, you may want to start calling yourself a ‘sales rep’ rather than ‘sales representative’.
REP – another meaning of this word is ‘repetition’. If you’re serious into fitness and exercising, you’ll definitely know this one because it’s become an industry standard. You go to gym, pick up a workout program and start performing sets or reps according to your level and preparation.
PREP – now, guess what this short form of a word means? Well – it means ‘prepare’ or ‘preparation’! Typical phrases to learn – “Have you prepped up?” or “I’m all prepped up, we’re good to go!”
LINO – maybe this one is going to sound too technical, but believe me – there are times when you have to describe floor types such as carpet, wooden floor and also linoleum which is the full word for ‘lino’. A typical situation would be renting a house, so you’d better add this word onto your active vocab!
RADS – radiators. This is another DIY term for you, and believe me – your home heating is another one of those things that will come up during your house hunting efforts! “Are these rads old or new?” – you should ask this question when you’re in doubt of the effectiveness of the heating elements if they’re really worn and old-looking.
DOC – this is a how you refer to a ‘doctor’. “I have to visit my doc today, can I have a couple of hours off?” would be the ideal way of asking for some time off at your work so that you can visit a doctor. “Hello doc, nice to see you, how are you?” this is how you’d greet your doctor upon arrival.
MEDS – ‘medications’. “Please don’t forget to take your meds in the morning!” or “Have you taken your meds today?” would be a typical way of making sure your friend, child or a sibling has taken proper care of themselves according to their doc’s recommendations!
CERT – this is a shortened form of ‘certificate’, and you’ll definitely get to use this word when going through the educational system or when attaining new qualifications for your professional life.
PRO – this is a very popular shortening of a word, and it’s quite self-explanatory. It means ‘professional’, and you can simply stick this three letter word in front of other words to indicate professional level of the trade, profession and occupation in question: pro-designer, pro-builder, pro-bodybuilder.
CONGRATS – this word is also very self-explanatory; it basically means ‘congratulations’ and can be used whenever you’re congratulating someone with some sort of an achievement. “Congrats on your promotion, well done my friend!”
VID – short for ‘video’. Typical phrases – “Check out this vid!” or “Can you e-mail me a link to that crazy vid you showed me last week?”
INFO – well, well, well, I’m a real smart-arse, am I not? Of course you knew that ‘info’ is short for ‘information’! I just had to put this word on the list though because word shortening related info wouldn’t be complete without the word ‘info’!
SIS – this is how you can call your little sister. Well, you can still call her “sis” even if she’s older than you, it’s really up to you!
BRO – and this is how you call your brother, and not only your birth-brother. Any close friend of yours deserves being referred to as “bro”, and here’s how you can greet your best friend on the way to college “Hey bro, wassup?”
MIL – is a short for ‘million’, and here’s the most commonly used phrase containing this word: “Thanks a mil!” It’s a fairly common way of thanking someone for a small favor or service, and you’ll sound so much more native-like if you start using this phrase yourself!
SYNC – this English word shortening stands for ‘synchronize’ or ‘synchronization’. “Let’s sync our watches!” – would be something you’d hear in films where a group of agents are splitting up before the operation.
PROBS – “No probs!” obviously means “No problems!” and it’s a typical way you would respond to some request. “Can you please lift this bag up onto that shelf, please?” would be best met with the following response: “No probs!”
Robby 😉
P.S. Would you like to find out why I’m highlighting some of the text in red? Read this article and you’ll learn why it’s so important to learn idiomatic expressions and how it will help you to improve your spoken English!
P.S.S. Are you serious about your spoken English improvement? Check out my English Harmony System HERE!
P.S. Are you serious about your spoken English improvement? Check out the English Harmony System HERE!
What is another word for Second?
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support, formally support
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support, formally support
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shortest interval of time
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shortest interval of time
Use filters to view other words, we have 1775 synonyms for second.
If you know synonyms for Second, then you can share it or put your rating in listed similar words.
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second | |
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A pendulum-governed escapement of a clock, ticking every second |
|
General information | |
Unit system | SI |
Unit of | time |
Symbol | s |
The second (symbol: s) is the unit of time in the International System of Units (SI), historically defined as 1⁄86400 of a day – this factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400).
The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise:
The second […] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, ΔνCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.[1]
This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks.[2] Because the speed of Earth’s rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time[nb 1] to keep clocks in sync with Earth’s rotation.
Uses[edit]
Analog clocks and watches often have sixty tick marks on their faces, representing seconds (and minutes), and a «second hand» to mark the passage of time in seconds. Digital clocks and watches often have a two-digit seconds counter.
SI prefixes are frequently combined with the word second to denote subdivisions of the second: milliseconds (thousandths), microseconds (millionths), nanoseconds (billionths), and sometimes smaller units of a second. Multiples of seconds are usually counted in hours and minutes. Though SI prefixes may also be used to form multiples of the second such as kiloseconds (thousands of seconds), such units are rarely used in practice. An everyday experience with small fractions of a second is a 1-gigahertz microprocessor which has a cycle time of 1 nanosecond. Camera shutter speeds are often expressed in fractions of a second, such as 1⁄30 second or 1⁄1000 second.
Sexagesimal divisions of the day from a calendar based on astronomical observation have existed since the third millennium BC, though they were not seconds as we know them today.[3] Small divisions of time could not be measured back then, so such divisions were mathematically derived. The first timekeepers that could count seconds accurately were pendulum clocks invented in the 17th century. Starting in the 1950s, atomic clocks became better timekeepers than Earth’s rotation, and they continue to set the standard today.
Clocks and solar time[edit]
A mechanical clock, one which does not depend on measuring the relative rotational position of the Earth, keeps uniform time called mean time, within whatever accuracy is intrinsic to it. That means that every second, minute and every other division of time counted by the clock will be the same duration as any other identical division of time. But a sundial which measures the relative position of the Sun in the sky called apparent time, does not keep uniform time. The time kept by a sundial varies by time of year, meaning that seconds, minutes and every other division of time is a different duration at different times of the year. The time of day measured with mean time versus apparent time may differ by as much as 15 minutes, but a single day will differ from the next by only a small amount; 15 minutes is a cumulative difference over a part of the year. The effect is due chiefly to the obliqueness of Earth’s axis with respect to its orbit around the Sun.
The difference between apparent solar time and mean time was recognized by astronomers since antiquity, but prior to the invention of accurate mechanical clocks in the mid-17th century, sundials were the only reliable timepieces, and apparent solar time was the only generally accepted standard.
Events and units of time in seconds[edit]
Fractions of a second are usually denoted in decimal notation, for example 2.01 seconds, or two and one hundredth seconds. Multiples of seconds are usually expressed as minutes and seconds, or hours, minutes and seconds of clock time, separated by colons, such as 11:23:24, or 45:23 (the latter notation can give rise to ambiguity, because the same notation is used to denote hours and minutes). It rarely makes sense to express longer periods of time like hours or days in seconds, because they are awkwardly large numbers. For the metric unit of second, there are decimal prefixes representing 10−30 to 1030 seconds.
Some common units of time in seconds are: a minute is 60 seconds; an hour is 3,600 seconds; a day is 86,400 seconds; a week is 604,800 seconds; a year (other than leap years) is 31,536,000 seconds; and a (Gregorian) century averages 3,155,695,200 seconds; with all of the above excluding any possible leap seconds.
Some common events in seconds are: a stone falls about 4.9 meters from rest in one second; a pendulum of length about one meter has a swing of one second, so pendulum clocks have pendulums about a meter long; the fastest human sprinters run 10 meters in a second; an ocean wave in deep water travels about 23 meters in one second; sound travels about 343 meters in one second in air; light takes 1.3 seconds to reach Earth from the surface of the Moon, a distance of 384,400 kilometers.
Other units incorporating seconds[edit]
A second is directly part of other units, such as frequency measured in hertz (inverse seconds or second−1), speed in meters per second, and acceleration in meters per second squared. The metric system unit becquerel, a measure of radioactive decay, is measured in inverse seconds. Though many derivative units for everyday things are reported in terms of larger units of time, not seconds, they are ultimately defined in terms of the SI second; this includes time expressed in hours and minutes, velocity of a car in kilometers per hour or miles per hour, kilowatt hours of electricity usage, and speed of a turntable in rotations per minute.
Moreover, most other SI base units are defined by their relationship to the second: the metre is defined by setting the speed of light (in vacuum) to be 299 792 458 m/s, exactly; definitions of the SI base units kilogram, ampere, kelvin, and candela also depend on the second. The only base unit whose definition does not depend on the second is the mole, and only two of the 22 named derived units, radian and steradian, do not depend on the second either.
Timekeeping standards[edit]
A set of atomic clocks throughout the world keeps time by consensus: the clocks «vote» on the correct time, and all voting clocks are steered to agree with the consensus, which is called International Atomic Time (TAI). TAI «ticks» atomic seconds.[4]: 207–218
Civil time is defined to agree with the rotation of the Earth. The international standard for timekeeping is Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). This time scale «ticks» the same atomic seconds as TAI, but inserts or omits leap seconds as necessary to correct for variations in the rate of rotation of the Earth.[4]: 16–17, 207
A time scale in which the seconds are not exactly equal to atomic seconds is UT1, a form of universal time. UT1 is defined by the rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun, and does not contain any leap seconds.[4]: 68, 232 UT1 always differs from UTC by less than a second.
Optical lattice clock[edit]
While they are not yet part of any timekeeping standard, optical lattice clocks with frequencies in the visible light spectrum now exist and are the most accurate timekeepers of all. A strontium clock with frequency 430 THz, in the red range of visible light, during the 2010s held the accuracy record: it will gain or lose less than a second in 15 billion years, which is longer than the estimated age of the universe. Such a clock can measure a change in its elevation of as little as 2 cm by the change in its rate due to gravitational time dilation.[5]
History of definition[edit]
There have only ever been three definitions of the second: as a fraction of the day, as a fraction of an extrapolated year, and as the microwave frequency of a caesium atomic clock, which have each realized a sexagesimal division of the day from ancient astronomical calendars.
Sexagesimal divisions of calendar time and day[edit]
Civilizations in the classic period and earlier created divisions of the calendar as well as arcs using a sexagesimal system of counting, so at that time the second was a sexagesimal subdivision of the day (ancient second = day/60×60), not of the hour like the modern second (= hour/60×60). Sundials and water clocks were among the earliest timekeeping devices, and units of time were measured in degrees of arc. Conceptual units of time smaller than realisable on sundials were also used.
There are references to ‘second’ as part of a lunar month in the writings of natural philosophers of the Middle Ages, which were mathematical subdivisions that could not be measured mechanically.[nb 2][nb 3]
Fraction of solar day[edit]
The earliest mechanical clocks, which appeared starting in the 14th century, had displays that divided the hour into halves, thirds, quarters and sometimes even 12 parts, but never by 60. In fact, the hour was not commonly divided in 60 minutes as it was not uniform in duration. It was not practical for timekeepers to consider minutes until the first mechanical clocks that displayed minutes appeared near the end of the 16th century. Mechanical clocks kept the mean time, as opposed to the apparent time displayed by sundials.
By that time, sexagesimal divisions of time were well established in Europe.[nb 4]
The earliest clocks to display seconds appeared during the last half of the 16th century. The second became accurately measurable with the development of mechanical clocks. The earliest spring-driven timepiece with a second hand which marked seconds is an unsigned clock depicting Orpheus in the Fremersdorf collection, dated between 1560 and 1570.[8]: 417–418 [9] During the 3rd quarter of the 16th century, Taqi al-Din built a clock with marks every 1/5 minute.[10]
In 1579, Jost Bürgi built a clock for William of Hesse that marked seconds.[8]: 105 In 1581, Tycho Brahe redesigned clocks that had displayed only minutes at his observatory so they also displayed seconds, even though those seconds were not accurate. In 1587, Tycho complained that his four clocks disagreed by plus or minus four seconds.[8]: 104
In 1656, Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens invented the first pendulum clock. It had a pendulum length of just under a meter which gave it a swing of one second, and an escapement that ticked every second. It was the first clock that could accurately keep time in seconds. By the 1730s, 80 years later, John Harrison’s maritime chronometers could keep time accurate to within one second in 100 days.
In 1832, Gauss proposed using the second as the base unit of time in his millimeter–milligram–second system of units. The British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS) in 1862 stated that «All men of science are agreed to use the second of mean solar time as the unit of time.»[11] BAAS formally proposed the CGS system in 1874, although this system was gradually replaced over the next 70 years by MKS units. Both the CGS and MKS systems used the same second as their base unit of time. MKS was adopted internationally during the 1940s, defining the second as 1⁄86,400 of a mean solar day.
Fraction of an ephemeris year[edit]
Sometime in the late 1940s, quartz crystal oscillator clocks with an operating frequency of ~100 kHz advanced to keep time with accuracy better than 1 part in 108 over an operating period of a day. It became apparent that a consensus of such clocks kept better time than the rotation of the Earth. Metrologists also knew that Earth’s orbit around the Sun (a year) was much more stable than Earth’s rotation. This led to proposals as early as 1950 to define the second as a fraction of a year.
The Earth’s motion was described in Newcomb’s Tables of the Sun (1895), which provided a formula for estimating the motion of the Sun relative to the epoch 1900 based on astronomical observations made between 1750 and 1892.[12] This resulted in adoption of an ephemeris time scale expressed in units of the sidereal year at that epoch by the IAU in 1952.[13] This extrapolated timescale brings the observed positions of the celestial bodies into accord with Newtonian dynamical theories of their motion.[12] In 1955, the tropical year, considered more fundamental than the sidereal year, was chosen by the IAU as the unit of time. The tropical year in the definition was not measured but calculated from a formula describing a mean tropical year that decreased linearly over time.
In 1956, the second was redefined in terms of a year relative to that epoch. The second was thus defined as «the fraction 1⁄31,556,925.9747 of the tropical year for 1900 January 0 at 12 hours ephemeris time».[12] This definition was adopted as part of the International System of Units in 1960.[14]
«Atomic» second[edit]
Even the best mechanical, electric motorized and quartz crystal-based clocks develop discrepancies from environmental conditions; far better for timekeeping is the natural and exact «vibration» in an energized atom. The frequency of vibration (i.e., radiation) is very specific depending on the type of atom and how it is excited.[15] Since 1967, the second has been defined as exactly «the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom». This length of a second was selected to correspond exactly to the length of the ephemeris second previously defined. Atomic clocks use such a frequency to measure seconds by counting cycles per second at that frequency. Radiation of this kind is one of the most stable and reproducible phenomena of nature. The current generation of atomic clocks is accurate to within one second in a few hundred million years. Since 1967, atomic clocks based on atoms other than caesium-133 have been developed with increased precision by a factor of 100. Therefore a new definition of the second is planned.[16]
Atomic clocks now set the length of a second and the time standard for the world.[4]: 231–232
Table[edit]
Evolution of the Second | ||
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Decisions of the CIPM | Resolution of the CGPM | Information |
That according to the decisions of the 8th General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (Rome, 1952), the second of ephemeris time (ET) is the fraction
of the tropical year for 1900 January 0 at 12 h ET. |
The second is the fraction of the tropical year for 1900 January 0 at 12 hours ephemeris time. | 1956 CIPM
11th CGPM 1960 Resolution 9 |
The standard to be employed is the transition between the hyperfine levels F=4, M=0 and F=3, M=0 of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom, unperturbed by external fields, and that the frequency of this transition is assigned the value 9192631770 hertz. | The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom | 13th CGPM Resolution 1
CIPM 1967 |
This definition implies that the caesium atom is at rest and unperturbed. In consequence, in its practical realization, measurements must be corrected for velocity of the atoms with respect to the clock reference frame, for magnetic and electric fields including ambient black-body radiation, for spin-exchange effects and for other possible perturbations. | At its 1997 meeting, the CIPM affirmed that: This definition refers to a caesium atom at rest at a temperature of 0 K. This note was intended to make it clear that the definition of the SI second is based on a Cs atom unperturbed by black-body radiation, that is, in an environment whose temperature is 0 K, and that the frequencies of primary frequency standards should therefore be corrected for the shift due to ambient radiation, as stated at the meeting of the CCTF in 1999. | footnote added by the 14th meeting of the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency in 1999
the footnote was added at the 86th (1997) meeting of the CIPM |
The definition of a unit refers to an idealized situation that can be reached in the practical realization with some uncertainty only. In this spirit, the definition of the second has to be understood as referring to atoms free of any perturbation, at rest and in the absence of electric and magnetic fields.
A future re-definition of the second will be justified if these idealized conditions can be achieved much easier than with the current definition. The definition of the second should be understood as the definition of the unit of proper time: it applies in a small spatial domain which shares the motion of the caesium atom used to realize the definition. In a laboratory sufficiently small to allow the effects of the non-uniformity of the gravitational field to be neglected when compared to the uncertainties of the realization of the second, the proper second is obtained after application of the special relativistic correction for the velocity of the atom in the laboratory. It is wrong to correct for the local gravitational field. |
The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, ΔνCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9 192 631 770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.
The reference to an unperturbed atom is intended to make it clear that the definition of the SI second is based on an isolated caesium atom that is unperturbed by any external field, such as ambient black-body radiation. The second, so defined, is the unit of proper time in the sense of the general theory of relativity. To allow the provision of a coordinated time scale, the signals of different primary clocks in different locations are combined, which have to be corrected for relativistic caesium frequency shifts (see section 2.3.6). The CIPM has adopted various secondary representations of the second, based on a selected number of spectral lines of atoms, ions or molecules. The unperturbed frequencies of these lines can be determined with a relative uncertainty not lower than that of the realization of the second based on the 133Cs hyperfine transition frequency, but some can be reproduced with superior stability. |
Current Definition resolved in 2018 effective after the 26th GCPM approved the redefinition May 20, 2019.
SI Brochure 9 |
Future redefinition[edit]
In 2022, the best realisation of the second is done with caesium primary standard clocks such as IT-CsF2, NIST-F2, NPL-CsF2, PTB-CSF2, SU–CsFO2 or SYRTE-FO2. These clocks work by laser-cooling a cloud of Cs atoms to a microkelvin in a magneto-optic trap. These cold atoms are then launched vertically by laser light. The atoms then undergo Ramsey excitation in a microwave cavity. The fraction of excited atoms are then detected by laser beams. These clocks have 5×10−16 systematic uncertainty, which is equivalent to 50 picoseconds per day. A system of several fountains worldwide contribute to International Atomic Time. These caesium clocks also underpin optical frequency measurements.
Optical clocks are based on forbidden optical transitions in ions or atoms. They have frequencies around 1015 Hz, with a natural linewidth of typically 1 Hz, so the Q-factor is about 1015, or even higher. They have better stabilities than microwave clocks, which means that they can facilitate evaluation of lower uncertainties. They also have better time resolution, which means the clock «ticks» faster.[17] Optical clocks use either a single ion, or an optical lattice with 104–106 atoms.
Rydberg constant[edit]
A definition based on the Rydberg constant would involve fixing the value to a certain value: . The Rydberg constant describes the energy levels in a hydrogen atom with the nonrelativistic approximation .
The only viable way to fix the Rydberg constant involves trapping and cooling hydrogen. This is difficult because it is very light and the atoms move very fast, causing Doppler shifts. The radiation needed to cool the hydrogen –121.5 nm– is also difficult. Another hurdle involves improving the uncertainty in QED calculations.[18]
Requirements[edit]
A redefinition must include improved optical clock reliability. TAI must be contributed to by optical clocks before the BIPM affirms a redefinition. A consistent method of sending signals must be developed before the second is redefined, such as fiber-optics.[18]
SI multiples[edit]
SI prefixes are commonly used for times shorter than one second, but rarely for multiples of a second. Instead, certain non-SI units are permitted for use with SI: minutes, hours, days, and in astronomy Julian years.[19]
Submultiples | Multiples | |||||
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Value | SI symbol | Name | Value | SI symbol | Name | Equivalent to |
10−1 s | ds | decisecond | 101 s | das | decasecond | 10 seconds |
10−2 s | cs | centisecond | 102 s | hs | hectosecond | 1 minute, 40 seconds |
10−3 s | ms | millisecond | 103 s | ks | kilosecond | 16 minutes, 40 seconds |
10−6 s | µs | microsecond | 106 s | Ms | megasecond | 11 days, 13 hours, 46 minutes, 40 seconds |
10−9 s | ns | nanosecond | 109 s | Gs | gigasecond | 31.7 years |
10−12 s | ps | picosecond | 1012 s | Ts | terasecond | 31,700 years |
10−15 s | fs | femtosecond | 1015 s | Ps | petasecond | 31.7 million years |
10−18 s | as | attosecond | 1018 s | Es | exasecond | 31.7 billion years |
10−21 s | zs | zeptosecond | 1021 s | Zs | zettasecond | 31.7 trillion years |
10−24 s | ys | yoctosecond | 1024 s | Ys | yottasecond | 31.7 quadrillion years |
10−27 s | rs | rontosecond | 1027 s | Rs | ronnasecond | 31.7 quintillion years |
10−30 s | qs | quectosecond | 1030 s | Qs | quettasecond | 31.7 sextillion years |
See also[edit]
- Caesium standard
- Orders of magnitude (time)
- Seconds pendulum
- Time standard
Notes[edit]
- ^ Civil time is set, directly or indirectly, to Coordinated Universal Time, which includes leap seconds. Other time scales are used in scientific and technical fields which do not contain leap seconds.
- ^ In 1000, the Persian scholar al-Biruni, writing in Arabic, used the term second, and defined the division of time between new moons of certain specific weeks as a number of days, hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, and fourths after noon Sunday.[6]
- ^ In 1267, the medieval English scientist Roger Bacon, writing in Latin, defined the division of time between full moons as a number of hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, and fourths (horae, minuta, secunda, tertia, and quarta) after noon on specified calendar dates.[7]
- ^ It may be noted that 60 is the smallest multiple of the first 6 counting numbers. So a clock with 60 divisions would have a mark for thirds, fourths, fifths, sixths and twelfths (the hours); whatever units the clock would likely keep time in, would have marks.
References[edit]
- ^ «SI Brochure (2019)» (PDF). SI Brochure. BIPM. p. 130. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- ^ Gill, Patrick (October 28, 2011). «When should we change the definition of the second?». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 369 (1953): 4109–4130. Bibcode:2011RSPTA.369.4109G. doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0237. PMID 21930568. S2CID 6896025. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
- ^ «mathematics – Ancient mathematical sources». Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
- ^ a b c d McCarthy, Dennis D.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2009). Time: From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics. Weinheim: Wiley.
- ^ Vincent, James (April 22, 2015). «The most accurate clock ever built only loses one second every 15 billion years». TheVerge. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- ^ Al-Biruni (1879) [1000]. The chronology of ancient nations. Translated by Sachau, C. Edward. pp. 147–149. Archived from the original on September 16, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
- ^
Bacon, Roger (2000) [1267]. The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon. translated by Robert Belle Burke. University of Pennsylvania Press. table facing page 231. ISBN 978-1-85506-856-8. - ^ a b c Landes, David S. (1983). Revolution in Time. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-76802-7.
- ^ Willsberger, Johann (1975). Clocks & watches. New York: Dial Press. ISBN 0-8037-4475-7. full page color photo: 4th caption page, 3rd photo thereafter (neither pages nor photos are numbered).
- ^ Selin, Helaine (July 31, 1997). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 934. ISBN 978-0-7923-4066-9. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
- ^ Jenkin, Henry Charles Fleeming, ed. (1873). Reports of the committee on electrical standards. British Association for the Advancement of Science. p. 90. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
- ^ a b c «Leap Seconds». Time Service Department, United States Naval Observatory. Archived from the original on March 12, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- ^
Nautical Almanac Offices of the United Kingdom and the United States of America (1961), Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris and the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, p. 9,… defined ephemeris time … [was] adopted by the International Astronomical Union in Sept. 1952.
- ^ «SI Brochure (2006)» (PDF). SI Brochure 8th Edition. BIPM. p. 112. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- ^ McCarthy, Dennis D.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2009). «Definition and Role of a Second». Time: From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics. Weinheim: Wiley.
- ^ Draft resolutions of the 27. General Conference on Weights and Measures in November 2022, Section E, p. 25
- ^ National Physical Laboratory (2011). «When should we change the definition of the second?» (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 369 (1953): 4109–4130. Bibcode:2011RSPTA.369.4109G. doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0237. PMID 21930568. S2CID 6896025.
- ^ a b Gill, Patrick (October 28, 2011). «When should we change the definition of the second?». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 369 (1953): 4109–4130. Bibcode:2011RSPTA.369.4109G. doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0237. PMID 21930568. S2CID 6896025.
- ^ International Astronomical Union. «Recommendations Concerning Units». Archived from the original on February 16, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2007. Reprinted from the «IAU Style Manual» by G.A. Wilkinson, Comm. 5, in IAU Transactions XXB (1987).
External links[edit]
Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Second.
- National Physical Laboratory: Trapped ion optical frequency standards
- High-accuracy strontium ion optical clock; National Physical Laboratory (2005)
- National Research Council of Canada: Optical frequency standard based on a single trapped ion
- NIST: Definition of the second; notice the cesium atom must be in its ground state at 0 K
- Official BIPM definition of the second
- The leap second: its history and possible future
- What is a Cesium atom clock?
- SLAC: Scales of Time – Our universe from 1018 to 10−18 seconds
1100+ Short form of words in English Texting and Chatting. This list of 1100 short form of words in English with meanings are used in texting and online chatting with friends. You can use these short words in your texting and chatting.
Short form of words in English
LOML —–Love Of My Life
SAE —–Stamped/Self Addressed Envelope
UTI —–Urinary Tract Infection
LBVS —–Laughing But Very Serious
ITM —–In the Mouth
EOTW —–End Of The World
NIAMY —–Never In A Million Years
DTP —–Disturbing The Peace
TYBG —–Thank You Based God
ROH —–Ring of Honor (wrestling)
YDMS —–You Don’t Make Sense
IYO —–In Your Opinion
AO —–Adults Only
LSP —–Love Sick Puppy
TYS —–Thank You Sir
RAS —–Remote Access Server
BFITW —–Best Friend In The World
OOMM —–Out Of My Mind
RFQ —–Request For Quotation
RATM —–Rage Against the Machine (band)
JSYK —–Just So You Know
YTMND —–You’re The Man Now, Dog (website)
YRMV —–Your Results May Vary
CCIE —–Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert
OY —–Oh Yeah
Common Abbreviations list
TWOC —–Taken Without Owner’s Consent
NCO —–Non-Commissioned Officer
ITOY —–I’m Thinking Of You
KIRF —–Keeping It Real Fake
IDK —–I Don’t Know
YTP —–YouTube Poop
TMN —–Touch Me Not
BG —–Bad Game Baby Gangster
WOTAM —–Waste of Time and Money
TGIM —–Thank God It’s Monday
TW —–Trigger Warning
OJT —–On Job Training
AD —–Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord)
GWI —–Get With It
NER —–Non-Existent Relationship
NY —–New York
AT&T —–American Telephone & Telegraph
IHYDM —–I Hope You Don’t Mind
VA —–Various Artists
KTF —–Keep The Faith
MGM —–Male Genital Mutilation
HAY —–How Are You
WTH —–What/Where/Who The Hell
AR —–Assault Rifle
PFB —–Please Find Below
IMWTK —–Inquiring Minds Want To Know
HYD —–How Ya Doing?
BBR —–Blonde, Brunette, Redhead
HTBT —–Had To Be There
JCB —–J C Bamford (excavator manufacturer)
BC —–Before Christ
YOLO —–You Only Live Once
WDYWFM —–What Do You Want From Me?
SSC —–Safe, Sane, Consensual
FYEO —–For Your Eyes Only
DLS —–Dirty Little Secret
JLY —–Jesus Loves You
LOMO —–Lights Out, Missionary Only
NSF —–Not Sufficient Funds Not So Fast
TGFT —–Thank God For That
LRG —–Lifted Research Group (clothing)
STY —–Same To You
WOTS —–Word On The Street
GFU —–Good For You
AIO —–All In One
ALG —–Ain’t Life Grand
NYSE —–New York Stock Exchange
JSP —–Java Server Pages
LHYW —–Like Hell You Will
YGI —–You Got It
IKHYF —–I Know How You Feel
LDO —–Like Duh, Obviously
TYMBI —–Thought You Might Be Interested
NOMB —–None Of My Business
SNF —–So Not Funny
NMW —–No Matter What
MYSM —–Miss You So Much
DOE —–Depends On Experience
TPB —–The Pirate Bay
BBBW —–Big Beautiful Black Woman
WDYM —–What Do You Mean?
RAC —–Rock Against Communism
YSVW —–You’re So Very Welcome
YITB —–Yours In The Bond
USA —–United States of America
MTYK —–More Than You Know
You can Learn American and British Slang words.
Short form of words in chat
UV —–Unpleasant Visual
MIRL —–Meet In Real Life
PLR —–Private Label Rights
GTO —–Gran Turismo Omologato
KIR —–Keepin’ It Real
OOH —–Out Of Here
HMB —–Hit Me Back (reply)
OMWH —–On My Way Home
MTC —–More To Come
GG —–Good Game
MOS —–Mom Over Shoulder
DRT —–Dead Right There
IDKY —–I Don’t Know Why
ILYSDM —–I Love You So Damn Much
TNB —–There’s Nothing Better
MSF —–Male Seeking Female
TFA —–Thanks For Asking
LYMY —–Love You, Miss You
ILMO —–In Loving Memory Of
SOA —–State Of Alert (band)
SOAG —–Son Of A Gun
PBN —–Paintball Nation
TMTH —–Too Much To Handle
TYFYT —–Thank You For Your Time
LMPO —–Laughing My Pants Off
GN —–Good Night
AON —–All Or Nothing As Of Now
ILM —–I lige m
IGS —–I Guess So
MGS —–Metal Gear Solid (game)
TFLN —–Texts From Last Night
UTS —–Under The Skin
LMS —–Like My Status Last Man Standing
IHDK —–I Honestly Don’t Know
DNS —–Domain Name Service Did Not Start
MTV —–Music Television
HDYK —–How Do/Did You Know?
CMI —–Count Me In
YP —–Your Problem Yes, Please
LDA —–Long Distance Affair
BNP —–British National Party
SBS —–Step By Step
HSL —–Hue, Saturation, Lightness
MFG —–Mit Freundlichen Gruessen (German)
WBN —–Would Be Nice
HAYT —–How Are You Today?
PEBCAC —–Problem Exists Between Chair And Computer
TOTD —–Tip Of The Day Tweet Of The Day
ACTA —–Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
IJS —–I’m Just Saying
LTIC —–Laugh Til I Cry
RC —–Random Chat Radio Controlled
NOI —–No Offense Intended
IAC —–In Any Case
LH —–Living Hell
SND —–Search And Destroy
OML —–Oh My Lord
NPO —–Never Pull Out
STYL —–Speak To You Later
HGTV —–Home and Garden Television
WOF —–While On Fire
HVD —–Happy Valentine’s Day
NFI —–No Freakin Idea
YNK —–You Never Know
LRF —–Low Resolution Fox
WOE —–What On Earth
NJPW —–New Japan Pro Wrestling
OTW —–On The Whole
ITS —–I Think/Thought So
MTG —–Magic The Gathering (game)
TOD —–Time Of Death Time Of Day
AOK —–Age of Kings (game) All OK
NTM —–Not Too Much Nothing Much
JLUK —–Just Letting You Know
OMS —–Oh My Science
GBWY —–God Be With You
LRL —–Laughing Really Loud
PFC —–Private First Class
IITWI —–In It To Win It
RO —–Ragnarok Online ( )
MHR —–Many Happy Returns
ITO —–In Terms Of
OTR —–On The Run
NLM —–No Laughing Matter
BBC —–British Broadcasting Corporation
TCBY —–The Country’s Best Yogurt
GLTY —–Good Luck To You
NOLY —–No One Likes You
IKLY —–I Kinda Like You
PLUR —–Peace, Love, Unity, and Respect
MGO —–Metal Gear Online (game)
WTTJ —–Welcome To The Jungle
TDH —–Tall, Dark, and Handsome
GWK —–Game Winning Kill
PDF —–Portable Document Format
ILS —–Inflated Lat Syndrome
HFFA —–Hot From Far Away
IWBB —–I Will Be Back
FYI —–For Your Information
IAWTP —–I Agree With This Post
LART —–Luser Attitude Readjustment Tool
OTO —–One Time Only
JFYI —–Just For Your Information
ICBINB —–I Can’t Believe It’s Not Butter
BBT —–Be Back Tomorrow
GSOH —–Good Sense Of Humor
OCD —–Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
WTHIT —–What The Hell Is That?
LATM —–Laughing At The Moment
ONNTA —–Oh No, Not This Again
PKB —–Pot, Kettle, Black
PS & QS —–Pints and Quarts Please and Thank Yous
PDOA —–Public Display Of Affection
YMBJ —–You Must Be Joking
Short form of words for texting
PPS —–Post-Post Script
USBM —–United States Black Metal
PB —–Personal Best
TCG —–Trading Card Game
EOE —–Equal Opportunity Employer
MLIB —–My Life Is Bro
STW —–Search The Web
SA —–Sibling Alert
KMN —–Kill Me Now
LE —–Limited Edition Law Enforcement
AGM —–Annual General Meeting
IME —–In My Experience
ERP —–Erotic Role-Play
IBTD —–In Before The Delete I Beg To Differ
WRU —–Where Are You?
IGU —–I Give Up
OGK —–Only God Knows
PDG —–Pretty Damn Good
TML —–Thank Me Later Text Me Later
GHD —–Good Hair Day
ICYMI —–In Case You Missed It
OOM —–Out Of Mana ( )
ATT —–At This Time All The Time
IYWW —–If You Were Wondering
WWU —–Where Were You?
IDT —–I Don’t Think
ILYSM —–I Love You So Much
HH —–Holding Hands
NFT —–No Further Text
TFLMS —–Thanks For Letting Me Share
SOTA —–State Of The Art
NBF —–New Best Friend
MHOTY —–My Hat’s Off To You
RAM —–Random Access Memory
IHAC —–I Have A Customer…
JTOL —–Just Thinking Out Loud
HSM —–High School Musical
YDEK —–You Don’t Even Know
LIHOP —–Let It Happen On Purpose
LYT —–Love You Too
MTW —–Mum’s the Word
RHD —–Right Hand Drive
USC —–University of Southern California
LLAP —–Live Long and Prosper
ITP —–Inside The Perimeter
ABG —–Asian Baby Girl
TTJASI —–Take This Job And Shove It
NMJCU —–Not Much, Just Chillin’, U?
HBY —–How About You?
WML —–Wish Me Luck
LOA —–Leave of Absence
TWYL —–Talk With You Later
LAN —–Local Area Network
BCF —–Best Cousin Forever
NLI —–Not Logged In
RTFAQ —–Read The FAQ
INBD —–It’s No Big Deal
SAHW —–Stay At Home Wife
LYR —–Love You Really
AFAICS —–As Far As I Can See
NFS —–Not For Sale
ATV —–All Terrain Vehicle
GDI —–God Damn It
HGH —–Haters Gonna Hate
OHS —–Operator Head Space
IIUC —–If I Understand Correctly
IWID —–It’s What I Do
GL —–Good Luck Good Looking
SNR —–Signal To Noise Ratio
BNI —–Batteries Not Included
ILY —–I Love You
SATA —–Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
TFFW —–Too Funny For Words
GFTW —–Go For The Win
WYF —–What’s Your Favorite …?
LYA —–Love You Always
WIWWY —–What Is Wrong With You?
LBR —–Loser Beyond Repair
ADSL —–Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
GGOH —–Gotta Get Outta Here
NCAA —–National Collegiate Athletic Association
BHH —–Bless His/Her Heart
NRFB —–Never Removed From Box
WNDITWB —–We Never Did It This Way Before
NLA —–No Longer Available
IGNB —–I’m Going Now, Bye
RFT —–Right First Time
AAT —–And Another Thing At All Times
WSUL —–Will See You Later
YBWM —–You Belong With Me
IIRC —–If I Remember Correctly
POV —–Point Of View
GMT —–Greenwich Mean Time
ALIHAL —–At Least I Have A Life
YSK —–You Should Know
YSC —–Your So Cute
IMAHO —–In My Absolutely Honest Opinion
TMT —–Too Much Tuna
KF —–Kinda Funny
BBN —–Be Back Never
USB —–Universal Serial Bus
PPC —–Pay Per Click
TLI —–Too Little Information
TCL —–Tool Command Language
LAK —–Love And Kisses
KIU —–Keep It Up
GNFB —–Good Night Facebook
BIFFL —–Best Internet Friend For Life
AEAP —–As Early As Possible
PIPA —–Protect IP Act
SATS —–Standard Attainment Tests
AOB —–Any Other Business
NT —–No Thanks
OOTB —–Out Of The Box
LFTI —–Looking Forward To It
TBS —–Tablespoon To Be Specified
RYN —–Read Your Note Regarding Your Note
ILYA —–I Love You All
JBU —–Just Between Us
LQTY —–Laughing Quietly To Yourself
ICBI —–I Can’t Believe It
DOC —–Doctor Drug of Choice
NWM —–No Worries Mate
MIA —–Missing In Action
NFSW —–Not For Showing Wife
WYW —–Whatever You Want
YVW —–You’re Very Welcome
TMP —–Tactical Machine Pistol
TGFI —–Thank God For the Internet
MAW —–Might As Well
MW2 —–Modern Warfare 2 (game)
TCFS —–Too Cool For School
INVU —–I Envy You
BO —–Body Odour
WLYB —–Who Loves You Baby
PR —–Public Relations
WSP —–What’s up?
LBM —–Little Big Man
LDS —–Latter Day Saint
TBD —–To Be Decided
BOGO —–Buy One Get One
OOP —–Out Of Place
ROFLOL —–Rolling On Floor, Laughing Out Loud
TNBM —–True Norwegian Black Metal
WDYMBT —–What Do You Mean By That?
IPO —–Initial Public Offering
LWT —–Look Who’s Talking
Short form of words used in chat
IBYP —–I Beg Your Pardon
NSFW —–Not Safe For Work
AIDS —–Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
BGF —–Best Girl/Guy Friend
DST —–Daylight Saving Time
GTBB —–Good To Be Back
WNWY —–What’s New With You?
SRH —–Supporting Radical Habits (Clothing)
IJL —–I Just Laughed
PDP —–Pretty Darn Precious
JWTLYK —–Just Wanted To Let You Know
OTE —–Over The Edge
QOTSA —–Queens Of The Stone Age (Band)
TPAM —–The Person Above Me
GW —–Good Work
NYK —–Not Yet Known Now You Know
NVMS —–No Visible Means of Support
CRBT —–Crying Real Big Tears
KIO —–Knock it off
NFN —–Normal For Norfolk
DLN —–Don’t Look Now
NED —–Non-Educated Delinquent
AFK —–Away From Keyboard
ELOL —–Evil Laugh Out Loud
PATT —–Party All The Time
SMH —–Shaking My Head
DMM —–Don’t Mind Me
WR —–Warm Regards
ISLY —–I Still Love You
TCB —–Taking Care of Business
MYODB —–Mind Your Own Damn Business
LIH —–Laugh In Head
MMT —–Makes Me Think
OWS —–Occupy Wall Street
IMVU —–Instant Messaging Virtual Universe
OOSOOM —–Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind
LAL —–Laughing A Lot/Little
TYSM —–Thank You So Much
NTS —–Nothing To Say Note To Self
JDM —–Japanese Domestic Market
WWA —–Wiggers with attitude
EBM —–Electronic Body Music
ROV —–Remotely Operated Vehicle
NAL —–Need A Life
WTD —–What The Deuce?
PTO —–Paid Time Off
GPOY —–Gratuitous Picture Of Yourself
VGG —–Very Good Game
LBDN —–Look Busy Doing Nothing
GTG —–Got To Go
WTA —–Winner Takes All
GGNORE —–Good Game No Rematch
TCOY —–Take Care Of Yourself
TGP —–Thumbnail Gallery Post
PMFJI —–Pardon Me For Jumping In
BH —–Be Happy Bloody Hell Big Head
TFLMK —–Thanks For Letting Me Know
WAPCE —–Women Are Pure Concentrated Evil
GPA —–Grade-Point Average
QOL —–Quality Of Life
TMR —–Tomorrow
PDEA —–Public Display of Elderly Affection
IKWYL —–I Know Where You Live
ICR —–I Can’t Remember
NOKD —–Not Our Kind, Dear
TGIO —–Thank God It’s Over
IHT —–I Hate This
SSTS —–Snickering Softly To Self
WBT —–Will Be There
RVR —–Realm Versus Realm ( )
MLS —–My Life Sucks
BIAB —–Back In A Bit
IGN —–In Game Name
ILYK —–I’ll Let You Know
YMW —–You’re Most Welcome
AGT —–America’s Got Talent (TV show)
NMJ —–Not My Job
KOTL —–Kiss On The Lips
NTD —–Nothing To Do
WOS —–Waste Of Space Wife Over Shoulder
CYBI —–Can You Believe It?
NICU —–Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
ITYM —–I Think You Mean
TFTA —–Thanks For The Add
MIB —–Men In Black Mint In Box
YDK —–You Don’t Know
TYT —–Take Your Time
MMA —–Meet Me At…
GYO —–Get Your Own
QC —–Quality Control
BFA —–Best Friends Always
RFYL —–Run For Your Life
TDF —–To Die For
HSH —–Home Sweet Home
LHK —–Love, Hugs and Kisses
GOOML —–Get Out Of My Life
YKWIS —–You Know What I’m Saying?
USP —–Unique Selling Point
OHKO —–One Hit Knock Out
IOKIYAR —–It’s Okay If You’re A Republican
PSM —–Personal Short Message
IKWYDLS —–I Know What You Did Last Summer
LTB —–Looking To Buy
IWOOT —–I Want One Of Those
MMV —–Mileage May Vary
NPAA —–No Problem At All
GBA —–God Bless America
GLU —–Guys/Girsl Like Us
TRG —–Tiny Rascal Gang
NTT —–Name That Tune Not Touching That!
OOC —–Out Of Control/Character/Context
HJNTIY —–He’s Just Not That Into You
YRG —–You Are Good!
NFA —–No Further Action
EOC —–End Of Conversion
PTZ —–Pan-Tilt-Zoom
SOS —–Save Our Souls (Help!)
AFAIK —–As Far As I Know
LUI —–Living Under the Infuence
NTK —–Need To Know
LSAT —–Law School Admission Test
IAD —–It All Depends
WYR —–Would You Rather
ILYM —–I Love You More
TNF —–That’s Not Funny
SMN —–Shoot Me Now
IBMTS —–I’ve Been Meaning To Say
IOMW —–I’m On My Way
LPG —–Liquefied Petroleum Gas
GBNF —–Gone But Not Forgotten
OAN —–On Another Note
WNTT —–We Need To Talk
LFMF —–Learn From My Fail
ITA —–I Totally Agree
GFI —–Go For It
RMV —–Results May Vary
MR —–Mentally Retarded
BMX —–Bicycle Motocross
ICAM —–I Couldn’t Agree More
HAND —–Have A Nice Day
IABW —–In A Bad Way
MW3 —–Modern Warfare 3 (game)
HWYD —–How Was Your Day?
OBTW —–Oh, By The Way
LFW —–Looking For Work
MBR —–Master Boot Record
Short form of words for chatting
NMH —–Nodding My Head
WDUD —–What Do You Do?
MAAB —–Male-Assigned At Birth
MTO —–Media Take Out (gossip website)
LIFO —–Last In First Out
KML —–Killing Myself Laughing
TCGB —–Take Care, God Bless
WSIC —–Why Should I Care?
NBSB —–No Boyfriend Since Birth
NTB —–Not That Bothered Not Too Bad
LSHMBH —–Laughing So Hard My Belly Hurts
YANA —–You Are Not Alone
NTMY —–Nice To Meet You
NAK —–Nursing At Keyboard
GUTI —–Get Used To It
IKWYM —–I Know What You Mean
IDHAC —–I Don’t Have A Clue
VIG —–Interest paid on a loan
LOTD —–Link Of The Day
ITSO —–In The Style Of
TCCIC —–Take Care ‘Cause I Care
NC —–No Comment No Choice
OOML —–Out Of My League
ETA —–Estimated Time of Arrival Edited to Add
WDYW —–What Do You Want?
NH —–Nice hand (poker slang)
ACU —–Army Combat Uniform
LMG —–Light Machine Gun
ALOL —–Actually Laughing Out Loud
BICBW —–But I Could Be Wrong
OLED —–Organic Light-Emitting Diode
AOD —–All Of Day
RD —–Real Deal
HEA —–Happily Ever After
EV —–Expected Value
AFAP —–As Far As Possible
BME —–Body Modification Ezine
WWY —–Where Were You?
LILABOC —–Life Is Like A Box Of Chocolates
PTW —–Play To Win Professional Time Waster
DOB —–Date Of Birth
OSLT —–Or Something Like That
TYFAYS —–Thank You For All Your Support
ACME —–A Company that Makes Everything
FYP —–Fixed Your Post
BNR —–But Not Really
LNT —–Leave No Trace
OAUS —–On An Unrelated Subject
GK —–Good Kid
GCWOK —–Gay Couple Without Kids
CD-RW —–Compact Disk Rewritable
MGBY —–May God Bless You
TMTC —–Too Many To Count
LTMA —–Less Talk, More Action
VM —–Voice Mail
HIWTH —–Hate It When That Happens
TYL —–Text You Later
OTM —–Of The Moment One Track Mind
HMS —–Her Majesty’s Ship (UK)
IYW —–If You Want/Will
OWNM —–Oh Well, Never Mind
NSAW —–Not Saying A Word
DTYT —–Don’t Take Your Time
BGT —–Britain’s Got Talent (TV show)
KWIS —–Know What I’m Saying?
KHYF —–Know How You Feel
TTYRS —–Talk To You Real Soon
PQ —–Party Quest (game)
SGTM —–Sounds Good To Me
NEI —–Not Enough Information
WDYG —–Where Did You Go?
GIYF —–Google Is Your Friend
RYC —–Regarding Your Comment
TBMS —–To Be More Specific
RN —–Right Now Registered Nurse
FYM —–Free Your Mind
GA —–Go Ahead
TOTB —–Think Outside the Box
YBW —–You’ve Been Warned
WAS —–Wait And See
HU —–Hollywood Undead (Band)
QS —–Quick Scope
FYA —–For Your Amusement
YMMS —–You Make Me Smile
AAP —–Always A Pleasure
MTD —–Month To Date
GLWS —–Good Luck With Sale
NFY —–Not Fixed Yet
HAYD —–How Are You Doing?
TMI —–Too Much Information
RWYS —–Reap What You Sow
MUNG —–Mash Until No Good
DMT —–Di-Methyl Tryptamine (drug)
MAC —–Media Access Control Macintosh
IYD —–In Your Dreams
WTHC —–Who The Hell Cares?
LBD —–Little Black Dress
IM —–Instant Message
WTB —–Want To Buy
GTTS —–Got The T-Shirt
TO —–Time Out
GDP —–Gross Domestic Product
LEC —–Local Exchange Carrier
RME —–Rolling My Eyes
IDEC —–I Don’t Even Care
CME —–Close My Eyes
RL —–Real Life
AAR —–At Any Rate
SCNR —–Sorry, Could Not Resist
WMMOWS —–Wash My Mouth Out With Soap!
GWTP —–Get With The Program
CLWY —–Can’t Live Without You
MWC —–Married With Children
DTC —–Down To Cuddle
WYMM —–Will You Marry Me?
PWT —–Poor White Trash
LALB —–Laughing A Little Bit
OPPS —–Misspelling of ‘oops’
NTWF —–Neopian Times Writers Forum
NAC —–Not A Chance Not A Chain (letter)
YDL —–Yellow Dog Linux
WDYE —–What Did You Expect?
KIT —–Keep In Touch
HTC —–Hit The Cell
WTHRU —–Who The Hell Are You?
ADN —–Any Day Now
BGD —–Black Gangster Disciples
IBTL —–In Before the Lock
MISO —–My Internet Shut Off
MIP —–Minor In Possession
ROAR —–Right Of Admission Reserved
PFA —–Please Find Attached
BDN —–Busy Doing Nothing
LTNT —–Long Time No Talk
OUO —–Official Use Only
Make short form of words
PDT —–Pacific Daylight Time
MIDI —–Musical Instrument Digital Interface
OLTL —–One Life To Live
BMB —–Bebo Me Back
SMS —–Short Message Service
BFAM —–Brother From Another Mother
RWNJ —–Right Wing Nut Job
GOP —–Grand Old Party
NOC —–No One Cares
BFUT —–Best Friends Until Tomorrow
TNOP —–Totally Not Our Problem
SRO —–Standing Room Only
IDJ —–I Don’t Judge
HCDAJFU —–He Could Do A Job For Us
GB —–Great Britain Gigabyte
SSA —–Subject Says All
NIML —–Never In My Life Not In My Lifetime
JG —–Juicy Gossip
CMH —–Cross My Heart
HGV —–Heavy Goods Vehicle
TFM —–Total Frat Move
DTMWTD —–Don’t Tell Me What To Do
JTB —–Just Too Bad
TLDNR —–Too Long; Did Not Read
PV —–Promotional Video
WOM —–Women Over Mates
NBM —–Nil By Mouth Not Before Midnight
OMD —–Oh My Days
HTG —–Hard To Get
LOS —–Line Of Site
TNOT —–Take Note Of That
KPI —–Key Performance Indicator
MC —–Master of Ceremonies
POTUS —–President of the United States
PVM —–Player Versus Monster
IMOO —–In My Own Opinion
VBL —–Visible Bra Line
TBTH —–To Be Totally Honest
AKTF —–Always Keep the Faith
ILML —–I Love My Life
PBB —–Pirate Bulletin Board
HF —–Have Fun
MBN —–Must Be Nice
HNG —–Horny Net Geek
WEP —–Wireless Encryption Protocol
RPC —–Role Playing Chat
DTD —–Drunk Till Dawn Drunk Till Death
OMT —–One More Thing
MDR —–Mort De Rire ( in French)
LMR —–Last Minute Resistance
ILYL —–I Love You Lots
JWU —–Just Woke Up
US —–United States
MLG —–Major League Gaming
TOTGA —–The One That Got Away
HDMI —–High Definition Multimedia Interface
OOA —–Out Of Ammo
GWP —–Gift With Purchase
WTP —–What’s The Point?
WWOTW —–Wicked Witch Of The West
WWYD —–What Would You Do?
TGI —–Thank God It’s …
PFP —–Picture For Proof
RTFM —–Read The Flipping Manual
ROFL —–Rolling On Floor Laughing
WWJD —–What Would Jesus Do?
YTB —–You’re The Best
NOS —–New Old Stock
PK —–Player Kill ( )
USW —–Und So Weiter (German for etc)
NIB —–New In Box
GWTF —–Go With The Flow
WCG —–World Cyber Games
OTA —–Over The Air
WYWTA —–What You Wanna Talk About
TMY —–Tell Me Why
ISBN —–International Standard Book Number
OTK —–Over The Knee
RIYL —–Recommended If You Like
TD —–Touchdown
PNL —–Peace And Love
HIMYM —–How I Met Your Mother (TV show)
YBS —–You’ll Be Sorry
ISTATOY —–I Saw This And Thought Of You
TTYTT —–To Tell You The Truth
UTD —–Up To Date
LAM —–Leave A Message Run
GC —–Good Contition
HGI —–How Goes It?
WTTC —–Welcome To The club
SMOG —–Sweet Mother Of God
OLLG —–One Less Lonely Girl
NEET —–Not in Education, Employment or Training
TVM —–Thanks Very Much
PRC —–People’s Republic of China
UTF —–Unicode Transformation Format
TDG —–Too Damn Good Three Days Grace (band)
LMIRL —–Let’s Meet In Real Life
NBK —–Natural Born Killers Never Been Kissed
EUC —–Excellent Used Condition
AAMOF —–As A Matter Of Fact
HAGS —–Have A Great Summer
KISA —–Knight In Shining Armour
BNWOT —–Brand New Without Tags
JV —–Junior Varsity, amateur
AMW —–America’s Most Wanted (TV show)
IDU —–I Don’t Understand
OPB —–Other People’s Business
CYF —–Cross Your Fingers
OJ —–Only Joking
RPS —–Rock Paper Scissors (game)
NTTU —–Not Talking To You
NPNT —–No Picture, No Talk
IBS —–Irritable Bowel Syndrome
SBD —–Silent But Deadly
LMGTFY —–Let Me Google That For You
IOW —–In Other Words
WOTLK —–Wrath Of The Lich King ( )
ODF —–Own Damn Fault
WYUT —–What You Up To
SOI —–Statement of Intent
OFAY —–Offensive term for a white person
IDNK —–I Do Not Know
HWB —–Hottie With Body
IAB —–I Am Bored
HYU —–Hit You Up
SMDHE —–Some Mothers Do Have Em
OTW —–On The Way
Short form of words used in facebook
RBV —–Red Bull and Vodka
PBP —–Please Be Patient
VHS —–Video Home System
ICCL —–I Couldn’t Care Less
BFFLE —–Best Friends For Like Ever
LMAM —–Leave Me A Message
MA —–Mom alert Master of Arts
RTM —–Read The Manual
WTLW —–Welcome To Last Week
CCG —–Collectible Card Game
MYGGWY —–May Your God Go With You
MBD —–My Bad Dudes
IHY —–I Hate You
LMSO —–Laughing My Socks Off
GMAB —–Give Me A Break
BMFL —–Best Mates For Life
ETC —–Et Cetera (and so on)
LZ —–Landing Zone
MYOB —–Mind Your Own Business
MLB —–Major League Baseball
WJD —–What Jesus Did
LYLT —–Love You Long Time
GMA —–Good Morning, America
MM2 —–Message Mode 2 ( )
SOHF —–Sense Of Humor Failure
OMSJ —–Oh My Sweet Jesus!
NTN —–No Thanks Needed
NALGO —–Not A Lot Going On
TFTL —–Thanks for the Link
IDLI —–I Don’t Like It
IHM —–I Hate Mondays
OCN —–Of Course Not
IJAF —–It’s Just A Fact
SME —–Small/Medium Enterprises
KOTC —–Kiss On The Cheek
CYL —–Catch You Later
DNE —–Do Not Erase Does Not Exist
VR —–Virtual Reality
PKIT —–Please Keep In Touch
DOD —–Day of Defeat
TMZ —–Thirty Mile Zone (celebrity news site)
HOV —–High Occupancy Vehicle
CNY —–Chinese New Year
OOYL —–Out Of Your League
NBB —–Never Been Better
ESL —–English as Second Language
TTTE —–Thomas The Tank Engine
LOVL —–Laughing Out Very Loud
USD —–United States Dollar
WHYB —–Where Have You Been?
IWHI —–I Would Hit It
MDK —–Murder Death Kill
GJWHF —–Girls Just Wanna Have Fun
WWW —–World Wide Web
ILT —–I Like That
TPS —–Totally pointless stuff
GFP —–Good For Pics
NCNR —–Non-Cancelable, Non-Returnable
TYM —–Thank You Much
YOLF —–You Only Live Forever
IMAO —–In My Arrogant Opinion
ROI —–Return on Investment
PUV —–Public Utility Vehicle
DNW —–Do Not Want
ASAIC —–As Soon As I Can
LSH —–Laughing So Hard
TGFL —–Thank God For Life
PHAT —–Pretty Hot And Tempting
NMHJC —–Not Much Happening Just Chilling
TTGG —–Time To Go Girl
PBWY —–Peace Be With You
SFTBC —–Sorry For The Broadcast
BFB —–Better From Behind
SMGDH —–Shaking My God Damn Head
KICKS —–Shoes Thrills
MBO —–Must Be Off Management Buy-Out
RDM —–Random Death Match
YKTR —–You Know the Rest
TBH —–To Be Honest
WAMH —–With All My Heart
UY —–Up Yours
QAP —–Quick As Possible Quickly As Possible
WYDN —–What You Doing Now?
INPO —–In No Particular Order
VLSI —–Very Large-Scale Integration
SOH —–Sense Of Humor
BBO —–Being Bored Online
YHL —–You Have Lost
UT —–Unreal Tournament
GBU —–God Bless You
YKIMS —–You Know It Makes Sense
TTTTY —–Time To Talk To You
NNTO —–No Need To Open
AFAIC —–As Far As I’m Concerned
WMYB —–What Makes You Beautiful
PIU —–Pump It Up
GLWT —–Good Luck With That
NCIS —–Naval Criminal Investigative Service (TV show)
UTH —–Up The Hoods
CRB —–Criminal Records Bureau (UK)
G O A T —–Greatest Of All Time
IMYT —–I Miss You Too
ADTR —–A Day To Remember (band)
QB —–Quarter Back
DNC —–Democratic National Committee
TOL —–Thinking Out Loud Thinking Of Laughing
CDC —–Cult of the Dead Cow Crudely Drawn Cock
OP —–Original Poster
English short form of words
VGC —–Very Good Condition
HBD —–Happy Birthday
NPC —–Non Player Character ( )
ANZAC —–Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
IEP —–Individualized Education Program
YTO —–You’re The One
DLTM —–Don’t Lie To Me
IIWY —–If I Were You
NSW —–New South Wales
KAFM —–Keep Away From Me
UWS —–Upper West Side (of Manhattan)
JRPG —–Japanese Role Playing Game
ICAY —–I Care About You
OWOA —–One Way Or Another
MCM —–Man Crush Monday
GKY —–Go Kill Yourself
ACP —–Automatic Colt Pistol
WYD —–What You Doing?
LD —–Link Dead (Disconnection From Internet)
MIL —–Mother In Law
LTD —–Live/Living The Dream
VDU —–Visual Display Unit
TTY —–Talk To You
TTUS —–Talk To You Soon.
TFTI —–Thanks For The Info
TBFU —–Too Bad For You
WUGOWM —–Will You Go Out With Me?
ATOY —–Always Thinking of you
GLAG —–Giggling Like A Girl
LYLAF —–Love You Like A Friend
BBK —–Boy Better Know
OMGD —–Oh My God Dude
OSFA —–One Size Fits All
OOT —–Out Of Town
GFF —–Grenade Free Foundation
VFM —–Value For Money
OMZ —–Oh My Zeus
RLF —–Real Life Friend
DTA —–Don’t Trust Anyone
RTG —–Ready To Go
NSFL —–Not Safe For Life
ISDK —–I Simply Don’t Know
MOL —–More Or Less
NBD —–No Big Deal
OED —–Oxford English Dictionary
TBBH —–To Be Brutally Honest
IDR —–I Don’t Remember
MMH —–Meet Me Halfway
JD —–Jack Daniel’s
ABH —–Actual Bodily Harm
PLD —–Poor Life Decision
HOAS —–Hold On A Second
CWYL —–Chat With You Later.
WDFD —–Whoop Dee F***ing Doo
WLM —–Windows Live Messenger
LYF —–Love You Forever
YSI —–You Stupid Idiot
POTW —–Patient of the Week (House M.D.)
VIBE —–Atmosphere, ambience
IIFYM —–If It Fits Your Macros
IDK —–I Don’t Know
ATH —–All Time High
PCMR —–PC Master Race
YG —–Young Gangster
WDYS —–What Did You Say?
LEV —–Low Emission Vehicle
TPE —–Total Power Exchange
The short form of words
WYB —–Watch Your Back
APM —–Actions Per Minute
API —–Application Programming Interface
WUF —–Where are you from?
WIWWU —–Wish I Was With You
ESP —–Extra Sensory Perception
LOZ —–Legend of Zelda
TTYL —–Talk To You Later
TOM —–Time Of Month
DSP —–Digital Signal Processing
TTYITM —–Talk To You In The Morning
SUAD —–Shut Up And Drive
TBNT —–Thanks, But No Thanks
NC-17 —–No Children under 17 (movie rating)
MOTKU —–Master Of The Known Universe
GWG —–Girl With Glasses
DMY —–Don’t Mess Yourself
NKOTB —–New Kid On The Block
YDMT —–You Don’t Mean That
IPC —–Ignore Post Count
RDC —–Really Don’t Care
HENRY —–High Earner, Not Rich Yet
RPM —–Revolutions Per Minute
INS —–I’m Not Sure
LWP —–Laughing With Passion
BCG —–Birth Control Glasses
OMW —–On My Way
ADED —–All Day Every Day
IDW —–I Don’t Want
ROY —–Relative of yours?
TMBI —–Tell Me ‘Bout It
JHC —–Jesus H Christ
PNW —–Pacific North West
ION —–In Other News
KD —–Kraft Dinner
NNITO —–Not Necessarily In That Order
ASAIK —–As Soon As I Know
GPRS —–General Packet Radio Services
KOS —–Kill On Sight
PG —–Parental Guidance
HSIK —–How Should I Know?
GLA —–Good Luck All
WAP —–Wireless Access Point
AMAP —–As Much/Many As Possible
OAP —–Old Age Pensioner
QFT —–Quoted For Truth
UTO —–Unable To Obtain
PPPW —–Per Person, Per Week
TLYK —–To Let You Know
NDS —–Nintendo DS
WDE —–Worst Day Ever
RINO —–Republican In Name Only
TTO —–Time To Own
LARP —–Live Action Role Play
GBML —–Good Bye My Love
MTLBWY —–May The Lord Be With You
OMGA —–Oh My Giddy Aunt
AGP —–Accelerated Graphics Port
MIGA —–Make It Go Away
HTH —–Hope That Helps How The Hell
ALU —–Arithmetic Logic Unit
SAP —–Sad And Pathetic Fool
WWTBAM —–Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?
GTD —–Getting Things Done
SBT —–Sorry ‘Bout That
GTH —–Go To Hell
IDL —–I Don’t Like …
GTBOSH —–Glad To Be Of Some Help
GBY —–God Bless You
NWLY —–Never Wanna Lose You
RFC —–Request For Comment
HAWT —–Hot Having A Wonderful Time
HST —–High Speed Train
HDD —–Hard Disk Drive
LFP —–Looking For Party (in )
JIC —–Just In Case
ABU —–Anyone but (Manchester) United
PPD —–Post Potter Depression
NASCAR —–National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing
IIWII —–It Is What It Is
QI —–Quite Interesting
TTUT —–Talk To You Tomorrow
ATTT —–Ain’t That The Truth
TOFTT —–Take One For The Team
SSD —–Solid State Drive
WAYLT —–What Are You Listening To?
MOT —–Ministry Of Transport test for car safety
PLC —–Public Limited Company
NHB —–No Holding Back No Holds Barred
LTNC —–Long Time No Chat
HFGL —–Have Fun, Good Luck
MST —–Mystery Science Theater
TBT —–Truth Be Told
NASA —–National Aeronautics and Space Administration
WYCM —–Will You Call Me?
ITILY —–I Think I Love You
KOTH —–King of the Hill (game)
WDUT —–What Do You Think?
TM —–Text Message Text Me Trademark
IHOP —–International House of Pancakes
WDIB —–Why Do I Bother?
IMUSM —–I Miss You So Much
GOAT —–Greatest Of All Time
GWAS —–Game Was A Success
Short form of words
TBYS —–Think Before You Speak
LAMN —–Look At Me Now
WEF —–With Effect From
VCR —–Video Cassette Recorder
FYT —–For Your Time
LF —–Looking For
RTFD —–Read The F***ing Description
VC —–Voice Chat
IYAM —–If You Ask Me
ROR —–Raughing out Roud
USCG —–United States Coast Guard
LIS —–Laughing In Silence
ILI —–I Love It
LQTMS —–Laughing Quietly To Myself
GBH —–Grievous Bodily Harm
TY —–Thank You
ATVB —–All The Very Best
WWWY —–What’s Wrong With You?
NABD —–Not A Big Deal
DMCA —–Digital Millennium Copyright Act
WYLT —–What You Listening To?
IMO —–In My Opinion
GMY —–Good Man Yourself
WSM —–Woman Seeking Man
MOPO —–Master Of the Painfully Obvious
HNR —–Hit ‘N’ Run
AOYP —–Angel on Your Pillow
ESD —–Electro-Static Discharge
LFDY —–Live Fast, Die Young
OMGNA —–Oh My Gosh, Not Again
SML —–Screw My Life Story of My Life
NSA —–No Strings Attached
ILYF —–I’ll Love You Forever
GBTM —–Get Back To Me
PUA —–Pick Up Artist
HR —–Human Resources
IJDK —–I Just Don’t Know
ASAS —–As Soon As Sensible
HMUL —–Hit Me Up Later
MNF —–Monday Night Football
UTR —–Under The Radar
YSMTU —–You So Made That Up
GWS —–Get Well Soon
TOFT —–Take One For the Team
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