She stands for which word

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

который обозначает

что расшифровывается как

которая выступает за

который выступает за

которая расшифровывается как

которая обозначает

который расшифровывается как

что означает

который означает

которая означает

которое означает

который представляет

These meanings are set off by using the gray «metallic», which stands for progress, speed, professionalism and adaptability.

Эти смыслы оттеняются при помощи серого «металлика», который обозначает прогресс, скорость, профессионализм и технологичность.

In the rough, a symbol is defined as a sign which stands for something.

You see, some of the devices are what I call a TDM, which stands for…

Another is called ART, which stands for Android RunTime.

In any case, the part of the Kazakh political elite, which stands for ethnic nationalism clearly has the upper hand.

Во всяком случае та часть казахстанской политической элиты, которая выступает за этнический национализм явно берет верх.

The project is called RADAR, which stands for Reporters and Data and Robots.

Инициатива получила название Radar, что расшифровывается как Reporters And Data And Robots — «репортёры, данные и роботы».

The new party is RUNA, which stands for Movement, Reforms and Revolution of Ukrainian people.

Название новой партии — РУНА, что расшифровывается как Движение, Реформы, Революция украинского народа.

Most of them have played in the NBA, which stands for National Basketball Association.

Большинство из них играли и играют в НБА, что расшифровывается как Национальная Баскетбольная Ассоциация.

First of all this is possible due to lack of time traffic (airtime), which stands for hakazchikov advertising.

В первую очередь такое возможно благодаря отсутствию временного траффика (эфирного времени), который выделяется для заказчиков рекламы.

Low wage growth will constrain the demand for consumer loans, which stands for 16% of total credit stock in economy.

Низкий рост зарплат будет сдерживать спрос на потребительское кредитование, которое составляет 16% от кредитов экономике.

The which stands for identified business solutions that will best meet the needs of your market.

The который стенды для определенных бизнес-решений, которые наилучшим образом отвечают потребностям вашего рынка.

Avoid the term «open source» which stands for rejection of our ideals.

Избегайте выражения «открытый исходный текст», которое означает отказ от наших идеалов.

Commands like these are called s-expressions, which stands for symbolic expressions.

Команды, подобные этим, называются s-выражениями, где s указывает на символьное выражение.

There is also green which stands for healing and regeneration.

Зеленый также поддерживает исцеление и регенерацию.

Just imagine that there’s no ‘8’ which stands for glasses.

Each nation has its own special traditional clothing which stands for its social status and cultural value.

Каждая страна имеет свою уникальную традиционную одежду, которая представляет ее культурный и социальный статус.

Lots of exported jewels were marked with an acronym Zr, which stands for the same-named chemical element.

Ведь многие экспортируемые ювелирные украшения имели просто аббревиатуру «Zr» по названию одноимённого химического элемента.

The organization PETA, which stands for protection of animal rights, chose the most beautiful representatives of show-business among vegans.

Организация, которая выступает в защиту прав животных, выбрала самых красивых представителей шоу-бизнеса среди веганов.

They call this experiment is EPR paradox, which stands for 3 first letters of the three authors.

Мы называем этот эксперимент парадоксом ЭПР (от первых букв фамилий трех его авторов).

They often refer to such licenses by the term rand, which stands for reasonable and non-discriminatory.

Часто они указывают на такие лицензии, пользуясь выражением «RAND», что означает «обоснованный и недискриминационный».

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 824. Точных совпадений: 824. Затраченное время: 259 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Перевод по словам

Предложения с «for which it stands»

I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.	Все: я клянусь в верности флагу Соединённых Штатов Америки и республике, которую он символизирует, одной нации под Богом, неделимой, со свободой и справедливостью для всех.
I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States ofAmerica and to the republic for which it stands one nation under God indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.	Клянусь хранить верность флагу Соединенных Штатов Америки и Республике, которую он олицетворяет единой нации перед Богом неделимой, свободной и справедливой ко всем.
I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.	Я клянусь в верности флагу Соединённых Штатов Америки и республике, которую он символизирует, одной нации под богом, неделимой, со свободой и справедливостью для всех.
I respectfully submit that when we display the flag as Mr. Winston has, it flies in the face of the very freedoms for which it stands.	Я с уважением признаю что когда мы вывешиваем флаг, как это сделал мистер Уинстон он развевается, символизируя наши драгоценные свободы.
So back in November 2016, during the election last year, the only image that we could publish was this, which was on the stand on the week that everybody voted.	Возвращаясь к ноябрю 2016 года, во время прошлогодних выборов единственная обложка, которую мы могли опубликовать, была такой: она передавала атмосферу той недели, когда шло голосование.
But the phonetic approach is also absent today, because when, in the 18th century, we decided how we would standardize our writing, there was another approach which guided a good part of the decisions.	В то же время это не поддерживается, потому что когда в XVIII веке было решено стандартизировать письмо, появился другой подход, где было много других определений.
In the African-American communities from which I come, we have a long-standing multi-generational joke about what we call CP time, or colored people’s time.	В афроамериканских сообществах, откуда я родом, уже многие поколения существует шутка о так называемом времени ЦЛ, или времени цветных людей.
We create social risks for one another, even in schools which are supposed to be all about learning, and I’m not talking about standardized tests.	Мы сами давим друг на друга, даже в школе, где, казалось бы, самое важное — это учёба, и я говорю не о стандартных тестах.
Worse than that, all of the other known forces of nature are perfectly described by this thing we call the Standard Model, which is our current best description of nature at its smallest scales, and quite frankly, one of the most successful achievements of humankind — except for gravity, which is absent from the Standard Model.	Кроме того, все другие известные силы природы прекрасно характеризует так называемая Стандартная модель, которая сейчас является лучшим описанием мельчайших объектов природы, и, честно говоря, одним из самых успешных достижений человечества — всё портит гравитация, которая отсутствует в Стандартной модели.
Recently I was in Paris, and a friend of mine took me to Nuit Debout, which stands for up all night, the self-organized protest movement that had formed in response to the proposed labor laws in France.	Недавно я был в Париже, и мы с другом посетили Nuit Debout, что значит ночь без сна, самоорганизованное протестное движение, сформировавшееся во Франции в ответ на возможную трудовую реформу.
But there are 22 countries that speak Arabic, and they use modern standard Arabic, which is the Arabic that is used across the whole region in newspapers and broadcasts, but of course, then from one country to the next in day to day language and use it varies — dialect, colloquialisms, etc.	22 страны говорят на арабском языке, на арабском литературном языке, который используется по всему региону в газетах и радио — и телевещании, но, конечно, в разных странах повседневный язык отличается от литературного: диалекты, разговорные выражения и так далее.
I especially liked hot dogs, those sausages between bread rolls, which you can buy at snack bars and from hot dog stands on street corners.	Мне особенно понравились хот — доги, сосиски между кусочками хлеба, которые можно купить в закусочных или у стоек на углах улиц.
They are impressed by Kyiv-Pechersky Monastery which stands on the green hill above the Dnieper and its sparkling gold domes can be seen from outside the capital.	На них производит впечатление Киево — Печерский монастырь , который стоит на зеленом холме над Днепром , а его сверкающие золотые купола видны за пределами столицы.
This was not just a facelift to the building, the interior and technical equipment were brought up to the highest standards of quality, which is as it should be, since it contains so many treasures of Russian art.	Это был не только косметический ремонт здания, качество интерьера и технического обору­дования доведено до высочайшего уровня мировых стан­дартов, что само собой разумеется, т.к в здании хранятся бесценные сокровища русского искусства.
There is a sofa in the corner of the room and next to it a beautiful old standard lamp, which is on the carpet.	В углу комнаты — диван, а рядом красивый старый торшер, который находится на ковре.
Now every Christmas British people are sent a huge fir tree from Norway which stands in Trafalgar Square, in the centre of London, shining down on all the people who gather on Christmas Eve.	Теперь каждым Рождественским британским людям посылают огромную ель из Норвегии, которая стоит в Квадрате Trafalgar, в центре Лондона, сияя вниз на всех людях, которые собираются в Сочельник.
People decorate their houses and usually have a fir-tree which stands in the corner of the room.	Люди украшают свои дома и, как правило, ставят ель, которая стоит в углу комнаты.
It has 13 horizontal stripes,7 red and 6 white which stand for the original 13 states.	На нем 13 горизонтальных полосок, из которых 7 — красные, а 6 — белые, которые представляют 13 первоначальных штатов.
A word only stands for the ways in which things or happenings of the same general kind are like one another.	Слово выражает только то, чем вещи или события похожи друг на друга.
Which means we will maintain the highest standards of neatness, promptness, orderliness, and military bearing at all times!	Это означает, что мы поддерживаем наивысшие стандарты чистоты, сноровки, порядка и военной выправки постоянно!
It had a judicial system which kept the average citizen safe on the streets, and was even reasonably fair by modern standards.	Судебная система королевства поддерживала безопасность среднего подданного и была даже относительно справедливой по современным стандартам.
He was standing directly in front of the construct, which moved almost uneasily before his intense gaze.	Он стоял напротив конструкции, а та двигалась под его пристальным взглядом, двигалась так, будто стеснялась.
We have installed interfaces which should make the archive interoperable with standard syntax queries from the Net.	Нами установлены интерфейсы, которые должны обеспечить взаимодействие архива с запросами стандартного синтаксиса Сети.
Tanelorn was the haven to which all weary people could come, to rest, to stand outside the wars of men and gods.	Танелорн был гаванью усталых путников, дарившей отдых тем, кто изнемог в сражениях людей и богов.
The Mother stands in the doorway like a fat cook, ruthlessly choosing which lamb to slaughter.	На пороге появляется Мамаша, похожая на жирную повариху, которая отбирает овцу на заклание.
The spectators arose and remained standing while Judge Markham strode to the judicial chair and the bailiff intoned the formula which convened the session of court.	Зрители встали и оставались стоять, пока судья Маркхам не занял свое место.
Which one stands out in your mind as the auto parts store?	Какой из магазинов авто запчастей в том районе у вас первым всплывает в памяти?
And the next year was a little red wagon, which I made a lemonade stand, which was great.	На следующий год мне подарили красный вагончик который я переделала в подставку для лимонада.
Each stands for a world, the study of which led eventually to the making of the Ways.	Каждый символ обозначает мир, исследование которого в конце концов привело к созданию Путей.
Dulled eyes stared at his legs which were still standing above him, twitching spastically as they slowly buckled.	Тускнеющие глаза уставились на спазматически подергивающиеся, подгибающиеся, но все еще стоящие ноги.
In the Teynkirche stands the worm-eaten pulpit from which preached John Huss.	В Теинской церкви стоит изъеденная червями кафедра, с которой проповедывал Ян Гус.
Which would make it very difficult for the victim to stand and nearly impossible for him to escape.	Что могло крайне затруднить для жертвы возможность стоять и практически исключало вероятность сбежать.
There are very serious and legitimate questions being raised about the murder of which my client stands accused.	Это влечет за собой серьезные обоснованные вопросы об убийстве, в котором обвиняется моя клиентка.
Each of these standard types has only one plot, which is varied endlessly and tiringly.	Каждый из этих стандартов имеет только один сюжет, который бесконечно и утомительно варьируется.
I think of prisoners standing on the brink of the trench into which their bodies will tumble.	Я думаю о пленных, стоящих на краю рва, куда скатятся их тела.
It may have been driven from the stars by a stronger force against which it could not stand.	Может, его выгнала со звезд более мощная сила, с которой оно не могло бороться.
The tents were made of camouflage material, which only made them stand out more among the dull red rocks.	Палатки были сшиты из камуфляжной материи, отчего особенно выделялись на фоне тускло — красных камней.
We were given gifts by the Source, gifts which enable us to stand against the Brotherhood.	Мы одарены Истоком, что позволяет нам выступить против Черного Братства.
The lake is spread out between the mountain and our hut which stands on considerable height too.	Между нашей хижиной, а она тоже стоит на порядочной высоте, и пиком — гигантом раскинулось озеро.
The Inter-Agency Standing Committee should be able to develop a standard guidelines which will be applicable by all humanitarian agencies.	Межучрежденческому постоянному комитету следует разработать стандартные руководящие принципы, которые применялись бы всеми гуманитарными учреждениями.
There’s a elegant master-bedroom and a separate bathroom which has a stand up shower.	Также там есть элегантная главная спальня и разделенная ванная комната с душем.
Each of the supports comprises a stand with a foot, and a crosspiece which is rigidly fastened to the opposite end of the stand.	Каждая из опор включает стойку с пяткой и траверсу, жестко закрепленную на противоположном от пятки конце стойки.
Very roomy bathroom with high wooden ceiling, in which is a double jacuzzi facing the panorama and also a stand up jet shower jacuzzi.	В очень просторной ванной комнате с высоким деревянным потолком есть двойная джакуззи с панорамным видом и еще одна джакуззи с душем.
Rural women work almost 16 hours a day, which is twice as much as the physiologically acceptable work standard.	Сельская женщина работает почти 16 часов в сутки, что в два раза превышает физиологически допустимые нормы трудовой деятельности.
It’s very easy to see how air has been leaking from one part to another part, which is difficult to do in a normal, standard, physical autopsy.	Хорошо видно, как воздух перетекал из одной части в другую, это очень сложно увидеть в нормальной, стандартной, физической аутопсии.
The responsibilities and procedures which would be applicable to an investigation under this article are set out in detail in the Force Standing Instructions.	В действующих полицейских инструкциях подробно излагаются функции и процедуры, применимые при расследовании уголовных преступлений в соответствии с настоящей статьей.
In July 2001, the Standing Committee of the Pension Board requested a study, which was arranged for only at the end of 2002.	В июле 2001 года Постоянный комитет Правления Пенсионного фонда предложил провести исследование, которое было организовано лишь в конце 2002 года.
Very small and very difficult to detect, which means that if you’re to stand any chance of finding one, you need to be somewhere very quiet indeed.	Которые слишком малы и трудны для обнаружения, это значит, что если вы захотите найти эти частицы, вам понадобится очень спокойное место.
Contrary to standard practice, at the start of the project there was no comprehensive budget with which actual expenditure could be compared.	Вопреки обычной практике проект был начат при отсутствии комплексного бюджета, с которым можно было бы сравнить фактические расходы.
The text has been drawn up on the basis of standard rules applicable to Conferences which are held under the auspices of the United Nations.	Их текст составлен на основе стандартных правил, применяющихся на конференциях, которые проводятся под эгидой Организации Объединенных Наций.
It was unclear if the proposed law would conform to international standards for the protection of refugees, which the authorities continued to violate.	Поэтому осталось неясным, будет ли планируемый закон соответствовать международным стандартам защиты беженцев, которые власти по — прежнему нарушали.
Authorities shall not send messages which do not comply with published standards.	Администрации не должны направлять сообщения, которые не соответствуют опубликованным стандартам.
He spurred China’s historic economic reform programme, which greatly improved living standards in China and modernized much of the nation.	Г — н Дэн Сяопин был инициатором исторической программы экономических реформ, осуществление которой привело к существенному повышению жизненного уровня в Китае и модернизации значительной части страны.
You represent a country with which France maintains long-standing and very close relations of friendship and cooperation.	Вы представляете страну, с которой Франция имеет давние и очень тесные узы дружбы и сотрудничества.
In 1998 Hungary aligned its environmental standards with those of the EU, which resulted in a ban on imports of some Russian oil products.	В 1998 году Венгрия привела свои природоохранные нормы в соответствие с нормами ЕС, в результате чего был запрещен импорт некоторых российских нефтепродуктов.
Other standards identify circumstances or conditions in which no children may be employed.	Другие нормы определяют обстоятельства или условия, при которых не должен использоваться детский труд.
All those which fail to meet the energy efficiency standard will be rejected.	Все те, кто не сможет соответствовать стандарту энергетической эффективности не будут допущены к продаже.
These agreements are useful in that they set standards for the functioning of these industries which may facilitate international trade in services.	Функционирование этих соглашений полезно тем, что они устанавливают стандарты деятельности данных отраслей, облегчающие международную торговлю услугами.
The Guards set standards against which every other regiment measure themselves.	Гвардейцы устанавливают стандарты, на которые равняется любой другой полк.
The Board looks forward to the issue of the policy document, which will set standards for capacity assessments.	Комиссия ожидает выпуска стратегического документа, который установит нормы для оценки потенциала.

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Go to Preferences page and choose from different actions for taps or mouse clicks. From the verb stand: (⇒ conjugate) stood is: ⓘClick the infinitive to see all available inflections v past v past p WordReference Random House Learner’s Dictionary of American English © 2023 stood /stʊd/USA pronunciation   v.  pt. and pp. of stand. WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2023 stood (stŏŏd),USA pronunciation v.  pt. and pp. of stand.  Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: stood /stʊd/ vb the past tense and past participle of stand WordReference Random House Learner’s Dictionary of American English © 2023 stand /stænd/USA pronunciation   v., stood/stʊd/USA pronunciation  stand•ing, n.  v. to be in an upright position on the feet:[no object]standing by the door when I came in. to (cause someone to) rise to one’s feet: [no object; ~ (+ up)]We stood (up) when the president entered the room.[~ + object + up]stood the toddler back up after she fell. to have a certain height when in this position:[not: be + -ing* ~ + a noun showing measurement]He stands six feet tall. to remain the same, esp. unused:[no object]The bicycle has stood in the garage all winter. to take a position as indicated:[no object]to stand aside. (of things) to (cause to) rest in an upright position: [no object]The broom stood in the corner.[~ + object]He stood the broom in the corner. to be located or situated:[no object]The building stands upon the hill. (of a score, etc.) to remain as indicated:[usually: not: be + ~-ing* ~ (+ at) + a noun indicating number or amount]The score stands (at) 18 to 14. to continue in force; remain valid:[no object]My offer still stands. to be or remain in a specified state or condition: [no object]Where do I stand in the competition?[~ + adjective]I stand corrected.[~ + to + verb]He stands to gain quite a lot from his wife’s death. British Terms[Chiefly Brit.]to be a candidate, as for public office:[~ + for + object]to stand for Parliament. to submit to; be forced to go through:[~ + object]to stand trial for murder. to be able to tolerate; resist; endure:[~ + object]My eyes can’t stand the glare. to perform one’s job or duty as:[~ + object]to stand watch aboard ship; He stood guard over the prisoners. stand by: [~ + by + object] to uphold; support:Stand by your parents in their time of need. [~ + by + object] to remain firm about (something); be loyal to:I stand by my original statement. [no object] to wait, esp. in anticipation:Please stand by, we’re having technical difficulties. [no object] to be ready to board (an airplane, etc.) as an alternate passenger. stand down, [no object] Lawto leave the witness stand:The judge told the witness to stand down. to step aside, as from a competition. stand for, [~ + for + object] [not: be + ~-ing] to represent; symbolize:P.S. stands for «postscript.» to advocate; favor:The candidate says she stands for more aid to education. [with negative words or phrases] to tolerate; allow; accept or put up with:«I won’t stand for any nonsense,» the teacher said. stand in, [no object*  (~ + in + for + object) ] to be a substitute (for):No, I’m not the supervisor, I’m just standing in (for her) until she comes back. stand off: [no object] to keep or stay at a distance:The planes stood off and circled overhead. to repel or evade: [~ + off + object]Our troops stood off the latest assault.[~ + object + off]As for their army, our troops stood them off last time, too. stand on, [~ + on + object] to be based on; depend on; rest on:The house stood on sand. stand out, [no object] to stick out past something:The pier stands out from the harbor walls. to be noticed easily, on account of fame, etc.:She stands out in a crowd. stand up: [no object] to be or remain convincing:That evidence won’t stand up in court. [no object] to last long; be durable:Wool stands up better than silk. to fail to keep an appointment with: [~ + up + object]She stood up several of my friends.[~ + object + up]She stood him up on their last two dates. stand up for, [~ + up + for + object] to defend; support:You have to stand up for your children. stand up to, [~ + up + to + object] to meet (danger, difficulty, etc.) without fear; confront:If you stand up to that bully, he’ll back down. n. [countable] the act of standing. a halt or stop. a final defensive effort:Custer’s last stand. a policy, position, opinion, etc., with respect to a (usually controversial) issue:We must take a stand on sex education. Lawwitness stand:Before you take the stand I must remind you that you are still under oath. a raised platform, as for a speaker, a band, etc. stands, [plural] a raised section of seats for spectators; grandstand. a framework on or in which articles are placed for storing, support, or display:an umbrella stand. a stall, booth, or the like where articles are displayed for sale:a fruit stand. a place to wait for taxis:a taxi stand. a stop on the tour of a theater company, a rock group, etc., esp. for a single performance:a one-night stand in the small university town. Idioms Idioms stand to reason, [not: be + ~-ing* it + ~ + to reason] to be logical or reasonable:It stands to reason that he’ll choose her; he always makes the right choice. stand•er, n. [countable]See -stan-. WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2023 stand (stand),USA pronunciation  v., stood, stand•ing, n., pl. stands for 43–63, stands, stand for 64. v.i. (of a person) to be in an upright position on the feet. to rise to one’s feet (often fol. by up). to have a specified height when in this position:a basketball player who stands six feet seven inches. to stop or remain motionless or steady on the feet. to take a position or place as indicated:to stand aside. to remain firm or steadfast, as in a cause. to take up or maintain a position or attitude with respect to a person, issue, or the like:to stand as sponsor for a person. to have or adopt a certain policy, course, or attitude, as of adherence, support, opposition, or resistance:He stands for free trade. (of things) to be in an upright or vertical position, be set on end, or rest on or as on a support. to be set, placed, fixed, located, or situated:The building stands at 34th Street and 5th Avenue. (of an account, score, etc.) to show, be, or remain as indicated; show the specified position of the parties concerned:The score stood 18 to 14 at the half. to remain erect or whole; resist change, decay, or destruction (often fol. by up):The ruins still stand. The old building stood up well. to continue in force or remain valid:The agreement stands as signed. to remain still, stationary, or unused:The bicycle stood in the basement all winter. to be or become stagnant, as water. (of persons or things) to be or remain in a specified state, condition, relation, relative position, etc.:He stood in jeopardy of losing his license. to have the possibility or likelihood:He stands to gain a sizable profit through the sale of the house. British Terms[Chiefly Brit.]to become or be a candidate, as for public office (usually fol. by for). Naval Terms[Naut.] , Nautical, Naval Termsto take or hold a particular course at sea. , Nautical, Naval Termsto move in a certain direction:to stand offshore. Animal Husbandry(of a male domestic animal, esp. a stud) to be available as a sire, usually for a fee:Three Derby winners are now standing in Kentucky. v.t. to cause to stand; set upright; set:Stand the chair by the lamp. to face or encounter:to stand an assault. to undergo or submit to:to stand trial. to endure or undergo without harm or damage or without giving way:His eyes are strong enough to stand the glare. British Termsto endure or tolerate:She can’t stand her father. to treat or pay for:I’ll stand you to a drink when the manuscript is in. to perform the duty of or participate in as part of one’s job or duty:to stand watch aboard ship. stand a chance or show, to have a chance or possibility, esp. of winning or surviving:He’s a good shortstop but doesn’t stand a chance of making the major leagues because he can’t hit. stand by: to uphold; support:She stood by him whenever he was in trouble. to adhere to (an agreement, promise, etc.); affirm:She stood by her decision despite her sister’s arguments. to stand ready; wait:Please stand by while I fix this antenna. to get ready to speak, act, etc., as at the beginning of a radio or television program. to be ready to board a plane, train, or other transport if accommodations become available at the last minute. stand down: Lawto leave the witness stand. to step aside; withdraw, as from a competition:I agreed to stand down so that she could run for the nomination unopposed. to leave or take out of active work or service:to stand down some of the ships in the fleet. stand for: to represent; symbolize:P.S. stands for «postscript.» to advocate; favor:He stands for both freedom and justice. [Informal.]to tolerate; allow:I won’t stand for any nonsense! stand in with: to be in association or conspiracy with. to enjoy the favor of; be on friendly terms with. stand off: to keep or stay at a distance. to put off; evade. stand on: to depend on; rest on:The case stands on his testimony. to be particular about; demand:to stand on ceremony. Naval Terms[Naut.]to maintain a course and speed. stand out: to project; protrude:The piers stand out from the harbor wall. to be conspicuous or prominent:She stands out in a crowd. to persist in opposition or resistance; be inflexible. Naval Terms[Naut.]to maintain a course away from shore. stand over: to supervise very closely; watch constantly:He won’t work unless someone stands over him. to put aside temporarily; postpone:to let a project stand over until the following year. Games stand pat. See pat 2 (def. 6). stand to: to continue to hold; persist in:to stand to one’s statement. to keep at steadily:Stand to your rowing, men! to wait in readiness; stand by:Stand to for action. stand to reason. See reason (def. 11). stand up: to come to or remain in a standing position:to stand up when being introduced. to remain strong, convincing, or durable:The case will never stand up in court. Wool stands up better than silk. [Slang.]to fail to keep an appointment with (someone, esp. a sweetheart or date):I waited for Kim for an hour before I realized I’d been stood up. stand up for: to defend the cause of; support:No one could understand why he stood up for an incorrigible criminal. to serve a bridegroom or bride, as best man or maid (matron) of honor. stand up to, to meet or deal with fearlessly; confront:to stand up to a bully. n. the act of standing; an assuming of or a remaining in an upright position. a cessation of motion; halt or stop. a determined effort for or against something, esp. a final defensive effort:Custer’s last stand. a determined policy, position, attitude, etc., taken or maintained:We must take a stand on political issues. the place in which a person or thing stands; station. LawSee witness stand.  a raised platform, as for a speaker, a band, or the like. stands, a raised section of seats for spectators; grandstand. a framework on or in which articles are placed for support, exhibition, etc.:a hat stand. Furniturea piece of furniture of various forms, on or in which to put articles (often used in combination):a nightstand; a washstand. Furniturea small, light table. a stall, booth, counter, or the like, where articles are displayed for sale or where some business is carried on:a fruit stand. newsstand:The papers usually hit the stands at 5 a.m. a site or location for business:After 20 years the ice-cream vendor was still at the same stand. a place or station occupied by vehicles available for hire:a taxicab stand. the vehicles occupying such a place. Botanythe growing trees, or those of a particular species or grade, in a given area. Botanya standing growth, as of grass, wheat, etc. a halt of a theatrical company on tour, to give a performance or performances:a series of one-night stands on the strawhat trail. the town at which a touring theatrical company gives a performance. hive (def. 2). Metallurgya rolling unit in a rolling mill. Military[Chiefly Brit.]a complete set of arms or accoutrements for one soldier. Law take the stand, to testify in a courtroom. bef. 900; Middle English standen (verb, verbal), Old English standan; cognate with Old Saxon standan, Middle Dutch standen, Old High German stantan, standa, standan; akin to Latin stāre to stand, sistere, Greek histánai to make stand, Sanskrit sthā to stand, Old Irish at-tá (he) is 25.See corresponding entry in Unabridged abide, stomach. See bear 1. Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: stand /stænd/ vb (stands, standing, stood)(mainly intr) (also tr) to be or cause to be in an erect or upright position to rise to, assume, or maintain an upright position (copula) to have a specified height when standing: to stand six feet to be situated or located: the house stands in the square to be or exist in a specified state or condition: to stand in awe of someone to adopt or remain in a resolute position or attitude (may take an infinitive) to be in a specified position: I stand to lose money in this venture, he stands high in the president’s favour to remain in force or continue in effect: whatever the difficulties, my orders stand to come to a stop or halt, esp temporarily (of water, etc) to collect and remain without flowing (often followed by at) (of a score, account, etc) to indicate the specified position of the parties involved: the score stands at 20 to 1 (also tr; when intr, followed by for) to tolerate or bear: I won’t stand for your nonsense any longer, I can’t stand spiders (transitive) to resist; survive: to stand the test of time (transitive) to submit to: to stand trial (often followed by for) chiefly Brit to be or become a candidate: will he stand for Parliament? to navigate in a specified direction: we were standing for Madeira when the storm broke (of a gun dog) to point at game to halt, esp to give action, repel attack, or disrupt an enemy advance when retreating (transitive) informal to bear the cost of; pay for: to stand someone a drink stand a chance ⇒ to have a hope or likelihood of winning, succeeding, etc stand fast ⇒ to maintain one’s position firmly stand one’s ground ⇒ to maintain a stance or position in the face of opposition stand still ⇒ to remain motionless (followed by for) US to tolerate: I won’t stand still for your threats stand to someone ⇒ Irish informal to be useful to someone: your knowledge of English will stand to you n the act or an instance of standing an opinion, esp a resolutely held one: he took a stand on capital punishment a halt or standstill a place where a person or thing stands Austral NZ a position on the floor of a shearing shed allocated to one shearer the shearing equipment belonging to such a position a structure, usually of wood, on which people can sit or stand a frame or rack on which such articles as coats and hats may be hung a small table or piece of furniture where articles may be placed or stored: a music stand a supporting framework, esp for a tool or instrument a stall, booth, or counter from which goods may be sold a halt to give action, etc, esp one taken during a retreat and having some duration or some success an extended period at the wicket by two batsmen a growth of plants in a particular area, esp trees in a forest or a crop in a field a stop made by a touring theatrical company, pop group, etc, to give a performance (esp in the phrase one-night stand) (of a gun dog) the act of pointing at game See also stand by, stand downEtymology: Old English standan; related to Old Norse standa, Old High German stantan, Latin stāre to stand; see stead ˈstander n ‘stood‘ also found in these entries (note: many are not synonyms or translations): ‘Stood’ and ‘was standing’ in the same sentence A box landed/stood/lay in the middle of the road? A decenter man never stood in a pair of shoes a giant matchbox stood on end A log cabin has stood watch over strengthening storms, and rising seas a man stood/was standing by the door a niche in the wall where, fastidiously tidy, stood a candle a race from which he stood apart <but that> he a table of rock that stood between two cliffs A table on which stood a lamp/a lamp stood Above him stood the Eiffel Tower. Against the vast horizon of their leisure such incidents stood out sharply. All stood intent An ugly, old, yellow tin bucket stood beside the stove. And be one traveler, long I stood and she stood at the north side of… Any one of them could have stood up as they <stood><kept> listening At length he stood before the house he sought. Before the buildings and the land they stood on being stood a port blurred figures stood frieze-like at the windows Buck stood no chance «But as he stood there beside the freshly dug hole, with its lining of bright green baize» But as matters really stood, to watch Miss Ingram’s efforts at fascinating Mr. Rochester by the awe in which the governors stood… children <stood><were standing> as the principal <addressed><was addressing> comma apposition (name): a small hut, called the Tsukahara Sanmaido, that stood dark clouds stood between her and and the sun Dean stood googing around [Jack Kerouac] more… Look up «stood» at Merriam-Webster Look up «stood» at dictionary.com In other languages: Spanish | French | Italian | Portuguese | Romanian | German | Dutch | Swedish | Russian | Polish | Czech | Greek | Turkish | Chinese | Japanese | Korean | Arabic

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Идиомы с трактовкой и синонимами Перевод Пример after all — despite, nevertheless все-таки I knew it! After all, I was right! all along — all the time все время, всегда I knew about his little secret all along. all ears — eager to listen весь внимание I am all ears. all of a sudden — suddenly неожиданно All of a sudden, he refused to pay. all the same — no difference все равно, без разницы If it’s all the same to you, let’s start at two. all thumbs — clumsy неуклюжий, неумелый He can’t fix anything, he’s all thumbs. apple of discord — subject of envy or quarrel яблоко раздора This question is an apple of discord in our family. as a rule — usually как правило As a rule, we offer a 5% discount. as far as I am concerned — in my opinion что касается меня, по моему мнению As far as I am concerned, both the book and the movie are good. as for me/as to me — in my opinion по моему мнению As for me, you can rely on his support. as well — also, too тоже, также He knows math, and physics as well. at all — (not) in the smallest degree совсем (не) He doesn’t know French at all. I don’t like it at all. at random — without order наугад, без плана He chose those places at random. at this point — at this time на данном этапе At this point, we can’t turn back. be about to — ready (to do) готов сделать I was about to leave when you called. be after someone — insist, press настаивать, чтобы сделал His mother is always after him to study. be all in — be extremely tired очень устать I’m all in, I’d better go to bed now. be back on one’s feet — healthy again or better financially встать на ноги после трудного времени He’s back on his feet after a long period of debt and unemployment. beat around the bush — avoid giving a clear/definite answer ходить вокруг да около Stop beating around the bush! Get to the point! be beside oneself — be very upset, nervous, worried, etc. быть вне себя от волнения, горя и др. She was beside herself with worry / with grief. be better off — be in a better situation (financially) в лучшей ситуации (материально) He’ll be better off with a new job. be broke — have no money at all быть «на мели» (без денег) I spent all my money, I’m broke. be hard on something /someone — treat roughly не беречь что-то My son is hard on shoes, they don’t last long with him. Life was pretty hard on Tom. be high on one’s list — be one of the most important things быть в начале списка нужных вещей A new car is high on my list of priorities. A new TV is not high on my list. be in charge of — be responsible for быть ответственным за He is in charge of marketing. be in the red — be in debt быть убыточным Our sales were in the red last year. be into smth. — be interested in увлекаться чем-то He is into computers. She is into sports. bend over backwards — try hard очень стараться I bent over backwards to help her. be on one’s way Я уже еду. I’m on my way. be on the safe side — not to take any chances на всякий случай Take an extra key, just to be on the safe side. be out of — be without нет в наличии We are out of bread, cheese, and sugar. be out of shape — be physically unfit быть не в форме He needs to exercise, he is out of shape. be out of sorts — in bad humor не в духе Leave him alone, he’s out of sorts today be pressed for time / money — be short of; not have enough не хватать времени или денег I’m pressed for time now. We are pressed for money at the moment. beside the point — off the point не по существу, не относится к делу What I said to him privately is beside the point. be to blame — be responsible for a mistake / something wrong винить за ошибку, неправильные действия Who is to blame for this awful mistake? Tom is to blame for this mix-up. be touch and go — be uncertain of the result на грани; неясно, куда повернется He was very sick, and for some time it was touch and go, but he is better now. be up against — be opposed by, have problems, be in danger иметь серьезные проблемы в чем-то, с чем-то Our company is up against serious attempts of hostile takeover. be up and around/about — able to be out of bed after an illness встать на ноги, поправиться He was sick for a month, but now he is up and around. be up to one’s ears — very busy по уши I’m up to my ears in work. be up to something — do mischief задумать, затеять I have to check what the kids are up to. be up to someone — be one’s own decision or responsibility на ваше усмотрение, под вашу ответственность It’s up to you to decide. It’s up to you to close the office every day at 8 o’clock. be used to — be accustomed to быть привычным к I’m used to hard work. He’s used to heat. big shot — important person важная персона He is a big shot around here. bite off more than one can chew — try to do more than one can переоценить свои силы I couldn’t handle two jobs and family. I really bit off more than I could chew. bite one’s tongue — stop talking прикусить язык I almost told her, but bit my tongue. bite the dust — die, be defeated умереть, падать ниц Many of them bit the dust in that war. black sheep — a good-for-nothing member of the family паршивая овца Their second son is the black sheep of the family, he is good for nothing. blind date — a meeting of a man and woman arranged by friends свидание вслепую She refuses to go on a blind date again because she had bad experience. blow it — lose the chance потерять шанс He understood that he blew it. blow over — pass, end стихнуть, пройти Wait here till his anger blows over. bottom line — main result/factor итог, основной момент The bottom line is, I don’t have enough money. break into — enter by force ворваться (в дом) силой The police broke into the robber’s house. break one’s heart — hurt deeply разбить сердце The news of her death broke his heart. break the ice — overcome shyness in making the first step сломать неловкость при знакомстве The party was dull until someone broke the ice with a joke and we all laughed. break the news — tell new facts сообщить важную новость CNN is breaking the news right now. bring home the bacon — earn the living for the family обеспечить семью He works very hard at several places to bring home the bacon. brush off — give no attention to отмахнуться от The boss brushed off my project again. brush up on — review освежить в памяти You need to brush up on the tenses. by all means -definitely, certainly обязательно, конечно Do you need my help? — By all means. by heart — by memorizing наизусть Learn this poem by heart for tomorrow. by hook or by crook — by any means possible любым путем, любым способом She will get what she wants by hook or by crook. by the way — incidentally кстати By the way, Ann is coming back today. call a spade a spade — use plain, direct words называть вещи своими именами He always tells the truth and calls a spade a spade. call it a day — consider work finished for the day считать работу законченной We’ve been working for 10 straight hours. Let’s call it a day. call off — cancel отменить, отозвать The police called off the search. carry out — fulfill доводить до конца She never carries out her plans. carry weight — be important иметь вес His advice always carries weight here. cast down — depressed, sad повергнуть в уныние He was cast down by the bad news. castles in the air — daydreaming about success (строить) воздушные замки Instead of working hard, he spends time building castles in the air. catch one’s eye — attract attention привлечь внимание This picture caught my eye. catch one’s breath — stop and rest перевести дух I can’t run, I need to catch my breath. catch someone off guard — catch someone unprepared застать врасплох He caught me off guard with his question. catch someone red-handed — find smb. in the act of doing wrong поймать за руку, когда делал плохое The manager caught the boy red-handed when he was stealing cigarettes. catch up — become not behind догнать He needs to catch up with the others. close call — a narrow escape, a bad thing that almost happened что-то плохое, что едва не случилось The speeding car almost hit the man. That was really a close call. come across — meet by chance наткнуться на I came across that article yesterday. come down with — become ill заболеть чем-то I’m coming down with a cold. come to one’s senses — start acting reasonably, intelligently взяться за ум, придти в себя He finally came to his senses, started to work hard, and passed his exams. come true — become reality осуществиться My dream came true when I met Pat. come up with — suggest предложить Mike came up with a brilliant idea. count on — depend on рассчитывать на You can always count on me for help. cut corners — to take a short-cut; to limit one’s spending срезать углы; ограничить расходы He ran fast, cutting corners where he could. I have to cut corners this week. cut down on — reduce сократить потребление You have to cut down on chocolate. cut out to be /cut out for it — have the ability to do something быть созданным для какой-то работы She isn’t cut out to be a surgeon. He’s cut out to be a leader. do one’s best — try very hard сделать все, что смог I did my best to help him in his work. do one’s bit — do what’s needed сделать положенное I’ll do my bit, you can count on me. do over — do again сделать заново This work is not good, do it over. do someone good — be good for принести пользу Fresh air and exercise will do you good. do something behind one’s back — do (harmful) things secretively делать (вредные) дела за спиной I hate people who do things behind my back. He did it behind my back again. do without — live without обходиться без I’ll have to do without a car for a while. down to earth — practical приземленный He’s quiet, sensible and down to earth. draw the line — fix a limit ограничить (предел) He drew the line for her at $100 a day. dress up — put on the best clothes нарядиться What are you dressed up for? drop off — deliver somewhere подвезти до, подбросить до Can you drop me off at the bank? drop out — quit (school) быть отчисленным He dropped out of school last year. duty calls — must fulfill obligations долг обязывает He said, «Duty calls» and left for work. easier said than done легче сказать, чем сделать It’s easier said than done, but I’ll try to do it. eat one’s words — take back words брать назад слова He had to eat his words after her report. even so — nevertheless, but тем не менее I work hard. Even so, I like my job. every now and then -occasionally время от времени Every now and then I visit my old aunt. every other — every second one через один She washes her hair every other day. fall behind — lag behind отстать от The little boy fell behind the older boys. fall in love — begin to love влюбиться Tom fell in love with Sue at first sight. fall out of love — stop loving разлюбить They fell out of love and divorced soon. false alarm — untrue rumor ложная тревога I heard he quit but it was a false alarm. a far cry from something — very different, almost opposite (neg.) далеко не такой хороший, как His second book wasn’t bad, but it was a far cry from his first book. feel it in one’s bones — expect something bad to happen чувствовать, что случится плохое Something bad is going to happen, I feel it in my bones. feel like doing something — want to do, be inclined to do smth. быть склонным к занятию чем-то I feel like going for a walk. I don’t feel like working now, I’m tired. feel up to — be able to do в состоянии сделать I don’t feel up to cleaning the house. few and far between — rare, scarce слишком редкие Her visits are few and far between. find fault with — criticize критиковать He always finds faults with everybody. find out — learn or discover узнать, обнаружить I found out that Maria left town. firsthand — directly from the source из первых рук, достоверная информация You can trust it, it’s firsthand information. first things first — important things come before others сначала главное First things first: how much money do we have to pay right away? fly off the handle — get angry разозлиться (вдруг) He flew off the handle and yelled at me. follow in someone’s footsteps — do the same thing идти по чьим-то следам, делать то же Igor followed in his father’s footsteps, he became a doctor, too. foot in the door — a special opportunity for a job получить шанс на работу Nina got a foot in the door because her friend works in that company. foot the bill — pay the bill заплатить по счету Her father footed the bill for the party. for good — forever навсегда After her death, he left town for good. for the time being — at this time на данное время For the time being, this house is all right for us. frame of mind — mental state умонастроение I can’t do it in this frame of mind. from A to Z — completely от начала до конца He knows this town from A to Z. from now on — now and in the future впредь From now on, I forbid you to go there. get a grip on oneself — take control of one’s feelings контролировать свои чувства Stop crying! Get a grip on yourself! get along with — have good relations быть в хороших отношениях, ладить Ann gets along with most coworkers, but doesn’t get along with Laura. get away with — not be caught after doing wrong уйти от наказания The police didn’t find the thief. He got away with his crime. get carried away — get too excited and enthusiastic about something слишком увлечься чем-то He got carried away with opening a store and lost most of his money. get cold feet — be afraid to do побояться сделать I wanted to try it but got cold feet. get even with — have one’s revenge расквитаться с кем-то I’ll get even with him for everything! get in touch with — contact связаться с кем-то Get in touch with Mr. Smith for help. get lost — lose one’s way потерять дорогу She got lost in the old part of town. Get lost! — Lay off! Исчезни! I don’t want to see you again. Get lost! get mixed up — get confused перепутать I got mixed up, went the wrong way and got lost. get off one’s back — leave alone отстать от кого-то Stop bothering me! Get off my back! get on one’s high horse — behave haughtily towards someone вести себя высокомерно Every time I ask her to help me with typing, she gets on her high horse. get on (the bus, train, plane) сесть на (транспорт) I got on the bus on Oak Street. get off (the bus, train, plane) сойти с (транспорта) I got off the bus at the bank. get out of hand — get out of control выйти из-под контроля If he gets out of hand again, call me right away. get over — recover after an illness or bad experience поправиться, преодолеть что-то I can’t get over how rude he was to me. She got over her illness quite quickly. get rid of — dispose of, discard избавиться He got rid of his old useless car. get together — meet with собираться вместе My friends and I get together often. get to the bottom — know deeply добраться до сути He usually gets to the bottom of things. get to the point — get to the matter дойти до сути дела Get to the point! Give me a break! — spare me с меня хватит Come on, stop it! Give me a break! give someone a hand — help помочь кому-то Can you give me a hand with cooking? give someone a lift /a ride — take to some place by car подвезти кого-то Can you give me a lift to the bank? He gave her a ride in his new Porsche. give someone a piece of one’s mind — criticize frankly высказать, что на уме, критиковать She lost my umbrella again, so I gave her a piece of my mind about her carelessness. give up — stop doing something, stop trying to do something отказаться от чего-то, прекратить попытки I gave up smoking. I gave up trying to fix my old car. go back on one’s word — break a promise нарушить свое слово, обещание First he said he would help me, but then he went back on his word. go for it — try to do a new thing пробовать новое дело If I were you, I would go for it. go from bad to worse — be worse становиться все хуже His business went from bad to worse. go out — go to parties, movies пойти развлекаться Do he and his wife go out often? go out of one’s way -try very hard очень стараться He goes out of his way to please her. go to one’s head — make too proud успех вскружил голову His acting success went to his head. go to pieces — get very upset, fall apart сильно расстроиться She went to pieces when she heard it. go with the flow — lead quiet life плыть по течению She always goes with the flow. grow on someone — become liked постепенно понравиться When she knew him more, he grew on her. had better — should лучше бы, а то… You look ill, you’d better see a doctor. have a ball — have a good time отлично провести время Yesterday we had a ball at the party. have a bone to pick — complain or discuss something unpleasant иметь счеты с кем-то, претензии к кому-то Mr. Brown, I have a bone to pick with you. My mail was lost because of you. have a word with someone — talk to поговорить о чем-то Can I have a word with you? have words with someone — argue with someone about something крупно поговорить I had words with my coworker today because he used my computer again. have it in him — have the ability иметь нужные качества Laura has it in her to be a good doctor. have no business doing something — have no right to do нечего вам здесь делать, быть и др. You have no business staying here without my permission. have one’s back to the wall — be hard-pressed, on the defensive быть прижатым к стене I had no choice, I had my back to the wall. have one’s hands full — very busy быть очень занятым He has his hands full with hard work. have one’s heart set on something — want something very much очень хотеть получить что-то, кого-то She has her heart set on going to New York. He has his heart set on Betty. have pull — have influence on иметь влияние на Does he have pull with the director? (not) have the heart — (not) have the courage to do smth. unpleasant (не) хватает духа сделать неприятное I don’t have the heart to tell him that he wasn’t accepted, he’ll be so unhappy. high and low — everywhere везде (искать и т.д.) I searched high and low for my lost cat. hit the nail on the head — say exactly the right thing попасть в точку You hit the nail on the head when you said our company needs a new director. hit upon something — to discover обнаружить ценное They hit upon gold. I hit upon a plan. hold it against someone — blame somebody for doing something (не) держать зла на кого-то I lost his book, but he doesn’t hold it against me. Hold it! — Stop! Wait! Остановитесь/Стойте! Hold it! I forgot my key. Hold on! — Wait! Подождите! Hold on! I’ll be back in a minute. hold one’s own — maintain oneself in a situation, behave as needed постоять за себя, утвердиться в чем-то He can hold his own in any situation. We need men who can hold their own. hold up — rob using a weapon грабить с применением оружия This bank was held up twice last year. ill at ease — uncomfortable не по себе She felt ill at ease because of her cheap dress. in advance — well before заранее He told her about his plan in advance. in a nutshell — in a few words кратко, вкратце In a nutshell, my plan is to buy land. in care of someone — write to one person at the address of another адресату по адресу другого человека (у кого остановился) I’m staying at Tom’s house. Write to me in care of Tom Gray, Chicago, Illinois. in cold blood — mercilessly хладнокровно He killed her in cold blood. in fact — actually, in reality фактически In fact, he works as a manager here. in general — generally, generally speaking в общем, вообще In general, he likes to be alone. He described the place only in general. in one’s element — what one likes в своей стихии He’s in his element when he’s arguing. in other words — using other words другими словами In other words, you refused to do it for her. in plain English — in simple, frank terms проще говоря I didn’t really like the concert. In plain English, the concert was terrible. the ins and outs — all info about входы и выходы He knows the ins and outs of this business. in someone’s shoes — in another person’s position на месте другого, в положении другого I’d hate to be in his shoes now. He lost his job, and his wife is in the hospital. in the long run — in the end в конечном счете In the long run, it’ll be better to buy it. in the same boat — in the same situation в таком же положении Stop arguing with me, we’re in the same boat and should help each other. in the clear — free from blame вне претензий Pay the bill and you’ll be in the clear. in time (to do something) — before something begins придти вовремя, чтобы успеть что-то сделать (до начала чего-то) I came in time to have a cup of coffee before class. it goes without saying — should be clear without words не стоит и говорить, само собой It goes without saying that he must pay what he owes right away. It’s on the tip of my tongue. вертится на языке His name is on the tip of my tongue. it’s time — should do it right away пора Hurry up, it’s time to go. It’s worth it. / It’s not worth it. It’s (not) worth buying, visiting, watching, etc. оно того стоит /оно того не стоит; (не) стоит покупать, посетить, смотреть и т.д. Watch this film, it’s worth it. Don’t buy this coat, it is not worth it. This museum is worth visiting. This film is not worth watching. it will do — it’s enough достаточно Stop reading, it will do for now. jump at the opportunity/chance — accept the opportunity eagerly ухватиться за возможность His boss mentioned a job in Europe, and Peter jumped at the opportunity. just as soon — prefer this one предпочел бы (это) I’d just as soon stay home, I’m tired. just in case — to be on the safe side на всякий случай Take an extra shirt, just in case. Just my luck! — Bad / Hard luck! Мне всегда не везет! They lost my job application. Just my luck! keep an eye on — take care of, watch, look after последить за, присмотреть за Betty keeps an eye on my sons for me. I’ll keep an eye on you! keep a straight face — not to laugh стараться не смеяться I tried to keep a straight face, but failed. keep company — accompany составить компанию She keeps me company quite often. keep one’s word — fulfill a promise держать слово You promised, now keep your word. keep someone posted — inform держать в курсе событий Keep me posted about your plans. keep your fingers crossed — hope that nothing will go wrong надеяться, что все пройдет гладко I have a job interview today. Keep your fingers crossed for me, will you? kill time — fill/spend empty time убить время I went to the show to kill time. (not) know the first thing about — not to have any knowledge about ничего не знать по какой-то теме I don’t know the first thing about nuclear physics. know the ropes — be very familiar with some business знать все ходы и выходы He knows all the ropes in this company. last-minute notice — little or no time to prepare for something сообщение в последний момент His arrival was a last-minute notice, we didn’t have time to prepare for it. lay one’s cards on the table — be frank and open сказать честно, открыть карты Finally, we asked him to lay his cards on the table and tell us about his plans. lay one’s life on the line — put oneself in a dangerous situation ставить жизнь на карту He laid his life on the line to fulfill this task, but nobody appreciated his efforts. lead a dog’s life — live in misery вести собачью жизнь He leads a dog’s life. lead someone on — make someone believe something that isn’t true заставить кого-то поверить неправде They suspect that you are leading them on. You led me on! leave it at that — accept reluctantly оставить как есть Leave it at that, what else can you do? leave word — leave a message оставить сообщение He left word for you to meet him at the airport at 6. let bygones be bygones — forget and forgive bad things in the past не ворошить прошлое Why don’t you let bygones be bygones and forget about what he said? let go of — release the hold отпустить, не держать Let go of my hand or I’ll call the guard. let (it) go — forget bad experience, return to normal life освободиться от тяжелого переживания He’s still in despair and can’t let (it) go. You can’t change anything, so let it go. let one’s hair down — be relaxed and informal with other people держаться неофициально She is always so formal. She never lets her hair down. let someone down — disappoint, fail someone подвести кого-то Don’t let me down this time! let someone know — inform известить Let me know when you find a job. like father, like son — be like one’s parent in something какой отец, такой и сын Paul won a prize in a chess tournament. Great! Like father, like son! little by little — step by step понемногу Little by little, he got used to Tokyo. look for — search for искать What are you looking for? look forward to — expect with pleasure ожидать с нетерпением I’m looking forward to your letter. Mary is looking forward to the party. look out — be careful, watch out остерегаться Look out! The bus is coming! look up — check with /in a dictionary or a reference book посмотреть в словаре или справочнике If you don’t know this word, look it up in the dictionary. lose one’s temper — become angry разозлиться He loses his temper very often. lose one’s way — get lost потерять дорогу I lost my way. Can you help me? lose track of — not to know where someone or something is потерять из виду I lost track of him years ago. lucky break — a lucky chance счастливый случай He got his lucky break when he got this job. make a living — earn money to provide for life зарабатывать на жизнь He works hard. His family is big, and he has to make a living somehow. make allowance for — take into consideration when judging учитывать, делать скидку на Don’t criticize him so hard, make (an) allowance for his inexperience. make a point of — be sure to do something intentionally считать обязательным для себя сделать что-то Make a point of asking about his wife. Make it a point to be here by 10. make ends meet — to have and spend only what one earns сводить концы с концами His doesn’t get much money. I wonder how he manages to make ends meet. make friends — become friends подружиться Anton makes new friends easily. make fun of — laugh at, joke about высмеивать He made fun of her German accent. make no bones about it — say/do openly, without hesitation сказать прямо, не скрывая отношения I’ll make no bones about it: I don’t like your attitude to work. make room for — allow space for освободить место для We can make room for one more dog. make sense — be logical имеет смысл What you say makes sense. make the most of smth — do the best in the given situation извлечь лучшее из Let’s make the most of our vacation. make up — become friends again помириться I’m tired of fighting. Let’s make up. make up for smth — compensate компенсировать I’ll make up for the time you spent on it. make up one’s mind — decide принять решение When will you go? Make up your mind. make yourself at home — be comfortable, feel at home будьте как дома Come in please. Make yourself at home. man of his word — one who keeps promises, is dependable хозяин своего слова, держит слово You can depend on his promise to help. He’s a man of his word. mean well — have good intentions хотеть сделать, как лучше He meant well, but it turned out that he spoiled a couple of things for me. might as well — a good idea может быть неплохо I might as well telephone him now. missing person — someone who is lost and can’t be located пропавший человек (в розыске) The little boy disappeared. The police registered him as a missing person. meet someone halfway — compromise with others идти на компромисс с кем-то He’s reasonable and tries to meet his coworkers halfway, when possible. never mind — it doesn’t matter неважно, ничего Thank you. — Never mind. not to mention — in addition to не говоря уж We have three dogs, not to mention two cats. no wonder — not surprising неудивительно, что He ate three big fish. No wonder he’s sick. now and again — occasionally время от времени I meet them now and again at the bank. odds and ends — a variety of small unimportant things or leftovers мелочи, остатки, обрезки I needed to buy some odds and ends for the kitchen. off the cuff — without preparation без подготовки Off the cuff, I can give you only a rough estimate. off the point — beside the point не относится к делу What I think about him is off the point. off the record — not for the public, unofficially не для публики, неофициально Strictly off the record, I think the director is going to get married soon. once and for all — decidedly однажды и навсегда You must quit smoking once and for all. on credit — not pay cash right away в кредит He bought a car on credit. on edge — nervous, irritable нервный, раздраженный He’s been on edge ever since she left. on guard — on the alert настороже, бдительный He’s cautious and always on guard. on hand — available под рукой Do you have a calculator on hand? on one’s own — alone, by oneself самостоятельно, один, сам по себе She likes to live and work on her own. on one’s toes — alert, attentive, prepared for difficulties бдительный, собранный He was on his toes and produced a very good impression on them. on purpose — intentionally нарочно, с целью I didn’t do it on purpose, it just happened so. on second thought — after thinking again по зрелом размышлении I’d like to sit on the aisle. On second thought, I’d like a window seat. on the alert — on guard начеку, настороже He’s cautious and always on the alert. on the carpet — called in by the boss for criticism вызвать на ковер Yesterday the boss called her on the carpet for being rude to the coworkers. on the go — busy, on the move в движении, на ходу He is always on the go. on the off chance — unlikely to happen, but still маловероятно, но на всякий случай On the off chance that you don’t find him at work, here’s his home address. on the other hand — considering the other side of the question с другой стороны I’d like to have a dog. On the other hand, my wife likes cats better. on the spot — right there на месте, сразу I decided to do it on the spot. on the spur of the moment — without previous thought / plan под влиянием момента He bought this car on the spur of the moment, now he regrets it. on time — punctual в назначенное время Jim is always on time. out of one’s mind — crazy сумасшедший If you think so, you’re out of your mind. out of one’s way — away from someone’s usual route не по пути I can’t give you a lift to the bank, it’s out of my way today. out of the question — impossible не может быть и речи Paying him is out of the question! pack rat — a person who saves lots of unnecessary things тот, кто не выбрасывает старые ненужные вещи Why does she keep all those things she never uses? — She is a pack rat. pay attention — be attentive обратить внимание Pay attention to his words. pick a fight — start a quarrel начать ссору He often tries to pick a fight with me. pick up — take, get подобрать, взять I’ll pick you up at 7. play one’s cards right — choose the right steps in doing something сыграть правильно If you play your cards right, he’ll agree to your plan. potluck supper — a surprise meal, where nobody knows what dishes other guests will bring ужин вскладчину, никто не знает, что принесут другие You know what happened at our last potluck supper? Everybody brought macaroni and cheese, apples, and beer! pull oneself together — brace oneself, summon your strength cобраться с силами Stop crying and complaining! You have to pull yourself together now. pull the wool over someone’s eyes — deceive, mislead someone обмануть, ввести в заблуждение Are you trying to pull the wool over my eyes? It won’t do you any good. put a damper on — discourage охладить пыл She always puts a damper on my plans. put in a word for someone — say positive things about someone замолвить словечко I’d be very grateful if you could put in a word for me when you speak to him. put off — postpone откладывать Don’t put it off till tomorrow. put one’s foot down — object strongly решительно воспротивиться Her father put his foot down when she said she wanted to marry Alan. put one’s foot in it — do the wrong thing, make a fool of oneself сделать/сказать глупость He put his foot in it when he told the boss his daughter wasn’t pretty. put up with — accept, tolerate мириться с, терпеть I can’t put up with your bad work! quite a bit of — much, a lot of много I had quite a bit of trouble with that car. quite a few — many, a lot of много He wrote quite a few good stories. rack one’s brain — try hard to think напрячь мозги He racked his brain to solve the puzzle. read between the lines — find or understand the implied meaning читать между строк His books are not easy to understand; you have to read between the lines. remember me to — say hello to передать привет от Please remember me to your family. right away — immediately сразу же, немедленно It’ very important to do it right away. ring a bell — remind someone of something familiar /half-forgotten напоминает что-то знакомое Annabel Lee? Yeah, it rings a bell, but I can’t place it right now. rock the boat — make the situation unstable раскачивать лодку, вести к нестабильности Peter always rocks the boat when we discuss company’s spending policy. rub shoulders with — meet with близко общаться с He doesn’t rub shoulders with the rich. rub someone the wrong way — irritate, annoy, make angry раздражать, злить кого-то His remarks rub many coworkers the wrong way. run into — meet by chance случайно встретить I ran into an old friend yesterday. save face — try to change the negative impression produced спасать репутацию He said a stupid thing and tried to save face by saying he misunderstood me. save one’s breath — stop useless talk не трать слова попусту There’s no use talking to him about his spending habits, so save your breath. scratch the surface — study something superficially изучать поверхностно He examines all the facts closely, he doesn’t just scratch the surface. see about — make arrangements for позаботиться о чем-то I have to see about our plane tickets. see eye to eye — agree сходиться в мнении We don’t see eye to eye any longer. serve someone right — get what someone deserves поделом It serves him right that he didn’t get this job, he despised all other candidates. serve one’s purpose — be useful to someone for his purpose отвечать цели I doubt that hiring this man will serve your purpose. show promise — be promising подавать надежды This young actor shows promise. show up — appear появиться I waited for hours but he didn’t show up. size up — evaluate someone оценить, составить мнение It took me 5 minutes to size up that man. sleep on it — postpone a decision till next morning отложить решение до следующего утра Don’t decide now, sleep on it. a slip of the tongue — a mistake обмолвка (ошибка) It was just a slip of the tongue! slip (from) one’s mind — forget забыть It slipped my mind what she asked me. smell a rat — suspect something подозревать недоброе I’m not sure what it is, but I smell a rat. so far — up to now до сих пор, пока So far, I have read 3 books by King. so much the better — it’s even better еще лучше If he can pay cash, so much the better. spill the beans — tell a secret проболтаться Who spilled the beans about our plan? stand a chance — have a chance нет шансов He doesn’t stand a chance of getting it. stand out — be noticeable выделяться He stands out in any group of people. stand to reason — be logical логично, что It stands to reason that he apologized. straight from the shoulder — speak frankly честно, откровенно Don’t try to spare my feelings, give it to me straight from the shoulder. take a dim view of something — disapprove of something не одобрять My sister takes a dim view of the way I raise my children. take a break — stop for rest сделать перерыв Let’s take a break, I’m tired. take advantage of — use for one’s own benefit, to profit from воспользоваться возможностью We took advantage of the low prices and bought a computer and a monitor. take after — be like one of the parents быть похожим на родителей (родителя) Tom takes after his father in character, and after his mother in appearance. take a stand on something — make a firm opinion/decision on smth. занять четкую позицию, мнение People need to take a stand on the issue of nuclear weapons. take care of — look after, protect, see that smth. is done properly позаботиться о ком-то, чем-то, присмотреть за Can you take care of my dog while I’m away? Tom takes good care of his car. take hold of something — take, hold взять, держать Take hold of this rope and pull. take into account — consider smth. принять во внимание You must take into account her old age. take it easy — relax, be calm не волнуйся Take it easy, everything will be OK. take (it) for granted — accept as given принимать как должное Mother’s love is always taken for granted by children. take one’s breath away захватить дух That great view took my breath away. take one’s time — do slowly делать не торопясь Don’t hurry. Take your time. take one’s word for it — believe поверить на слово Take my word for it, he won’t go there. take pains — try hard to do it well прилагать усилия He took pains to make his report perfect. take part in smth. — participate in принять участие Mary is going to take part in the show. take place — happen иметь место, случиться The accident took place on Oak Street. take someone’s mind off things — distract from fixed ideas/thoughts отвлечь от навязчивых мыслей Go to a concert or a movie to take your mind off things. take steps — take action /measures принимать меры We need to take steps against it. take the words right out of one’s mouth — say the same before somebody else says it сказать то же самое чуть раньше, чем другой говорящий I was about to say the same! You took the words right out of my mouth. take time — take a long time занять много времени It takes time to get used to a new place. take time off — be absent from work взять отгул He took time off to attend the wedding. take turns — alternate doing something one after another делать по очереди, меняться местами We went to Minsk by car. We didn’t get tired because we took turns driving talk back — answer rudely дерзить Don’t talk back to the teacher! talk it over — discuss обсудить с кем-то I’ll talk it over with my family. tell apart — see the difference различить, отличить от Can you tell the twins apart? That’s just the point. — That’s it. В этом-то и дело. That’s just the point! I hate this job! the writing on the wall — a sign of future events (usually, trouble) предзнаменование (обычно, беды) The plane crashed. Tim said he saw the writing on the wall about this flight. not think much of — think low невысокого мнения I don’t think much of her cooking. think over — consider carefully обдумать Think over your answer. Think it over carefully. till one is blue in the face — try hard стараться до посинения I repeated it till I was blue in the face! to make a long story short — in short короче говоря To make a long story short, we won. to say the least — to make the minimum comment about smth. самое малое, что можно сказать The film was boring and long, to say the least. try on — put on new clothes to test them for size or look примерить одежду (перед покупкой) Try on this leather coat, it’s very good. She tried it on, but it didn’t fit her at all. try one’s hand at something — try попробовать себя в I want to try my hand at painting. turn on / off — switch on / off включить/выключить Turn on the radio. Turn off the water. turn out to be — result/end this way оказаться He turned out to be a very good actor. turn over a new leaf — make a fresh start in life, work, etc. начать (жизнь, новое дело) заново He promises to turn over a new leaf and quit alcohol for good. turn the tide — reverse the course of events повернуть вспять ход событий The new evidence turned the tide, and the defendant was acquitted of charges. twist one’s arm — make to agree выкручивать руки They twisted his arm to sell the house. under the weather — feel ill нездоровится I’m a little under the weather today. up-and-coming — showing promise of future success многообещающий, подающий надежды He is an up-and-coming young lawyer who might help you with your case. up in arms — hostile to, in strong protest against something протестовать против, сопротивляться The employees are up in arms about the new retirement rules. up in the air — undecided еще не определено My vacation plans are still up in the air. (not) up to par — equal in standard (не) в норме His behavior isn’t up to par. used to — did often in the past, but not now в прошлом делал, сейчас нет I used to play the piano when I was in school (but I don’t play it now). walk on air — be very happy летать от счастья He got the job and is walking on air now. waste one’s breath — speak uselessly, to no purpose не трать усилия зря Don’t waste your breath trying to make him do it, he won’t change his mind. watch one’s step — be careful быть осмотрительным Watch your step! watch out — look out, be careful остерегаться Watch out for that car! Watch out! wet blanket — a kill-joy, who spoils everybody’s fun тот, кто портит всем удовольствие Remember what a wet blanket he was last time? Please don’t invite him again. What’s the matter? — What is it? В чем дело? What’s the matter? What happened? which way the wind blows — what the real situation is какова реальная ситуация He knows which way the wind blows and always acts accordingly. white lie — unimportant lie невинная ложь A white lie is told to spare your feelings. word for word — in the same words дословно, дословный Tell me word for word what he said. would rather — prefer предпочитать I’d rather stay at home today.

Word Formation

Word Forms

Put each of the following words into its correct place in the sentences.

E.g. decide

(a) We must come to a  ……….   very soon.

(b) We beat them  ……….   We won 7:0.

(c) He can never make up his mind. He’s very  ……….

Answers:

(a) decision   (b) decisively   (c) indecisive

1. beauty

(a) She is very   ……….

(b) She’s training to be a  ……….

(c) They’re going to   ……….   the town with more trees and parks.

2. pay

(a) To buy this car I made a monthly   ……….    of £280 for two years.

(b) Please make your cheque   ……….   to John Watson.

(c) The person a cheque is made out to is called the   ……….

3. receive

(a) She works as a   ……….   at a hotel in Scotland.

(b) Ask for a   ……….    when you buy something, in case you need to return it.

(c) I made several suggestions to improve production, but the management was not very   ……….    to my ideas.

4. hero

(a) He received a medal for his  ……….

(b) They fought  ……….   in the war.

(c) She was described as a   ……….

5. produce

(a)  ……….   of the new sports car has been halted by a strike.

(b) China is one of the world’s leading  ……….   of rice.

(c) I’m afraid the talks were totally   ……….   We didn’t reach agreement on anything.

6. explain

(a) An  ……….   leaflet is given to all purchasers of the machine.

(b) His disappearance is very strange, in fact quite  ……….

(c) I think you owe me an  ……….   for your behaviour.

7. compare

(a) This is   ……….   better than that. In fact, there is really no   ……….

(b) Scientists have made  ……….   tests on the new drugs.

8. advise

(a) Until the situation has settled down, it is   ……….   to travel to that country.

(b) The government set up an   ……….   body on the use of drugs in sport.

(c) I doubt the   ……….   of drinking alcohol while undergoing that medical treatment

9. admire

(a) She was a pleasant, attractive girl, always surrounded by   ……….

(b) I am full of   ……….   for what she has achieved.

(c) I approve of him wholeheartedly. He is an   ……….   man.

10. stable

(a) To  ……….   the boat in rough sea, we redistributed the weight.

(b) Between 1860 and 1900 the country had a number of revolutions and uprisings. It was a time of great  ……….

(c) The exchange rate is going up and down dramatically. It’s very   ……….    at the moment.

11. economy

(a) We’re spending too much. We must  ……….

(b) This car uses a lot of petrol. It’s terribly   ……….

(c) The Chancellor (Minister of Finance) is responsible for  ……….    affairs.

12. reside

(a) This is the President’s official   ……….

(b) There’s no industry or entertainment here. It’s a   ……….   district.

(c) All  ……….   of the neighbouring houses were warned of the gas leak.

13. comfort

(a) In that tense situation I found the good news very  ……….

(b) I felt rather   ……….   , so I put a soft cushion behind me.

(c) She sat in terrible  ……….    on the hard chair for over an hour

14. dead

(a) The increasing number of   ……….   in traffic accidents is alarming.

(b) Be careful! That’s a   ……….   poison!

(c) The doctor gave him an injection to   ……….   the pain.

15. demonstrate

(a) The   ……….   marched through the streets chanting slogans.

(b) Grandfather rarely showed the affection he felt for his family. He was a very   ……….   , person.

(c) What you say is   ……….   false. Let me show you the facts.

16. imitate

(a) The bag is made of  ……….   leather.

(b) Small children ,ne very   ……….    in their behaviour. They just copy what they see.

(c) His acting style is  ……….   No one can copy him.

17. argue

(a) She had an   ……….   . with her husband last night.

(b) He’s a very bad-tempered,  ……….    chap. He’s always quarrelling.

(c) She is   ………. the finest pianist in the world.

18. repeat

(a) He lost his temper and used disgusting,  ……….   language.

(b) In this essay you’ve said the same thing several times. It’s very  ……….

(c) I hope there will be no   ……….   of this shocking behaviour.

19. fail

(a) She is very efficient, and   ……….   polite to the customers.

(b) He considered himself a   ……….   He had succeeded in nothing.

(c) It was difficult to see much in the  ……….   light.

20. courage

(a) His friends tried to   ……….    him from attempting the dangerous climb.

(b) She   ……….   stood in the way of the escaping robbers.

(c) His parents gave him a lot of  ……….   in his studies.

21. real

(a) I chunk it’s a bit   ……….    to hope that world peace can be gained so easily.

(b) He spends all his time in romantic daydreams. He’s lost touch with   ……….

(c) Ladies and gentlemen, I am a   ……….   and I think we must face facts.

22. false

(a) She was accused of  ……….   the financial accounts.

(b) It is a   ……….   to say he did it when you know he didn’t.

(c) The   ……….   of his argument was obvious to everyone.

23. prophesy

(a) i am not a  ……….   and I would not like to make a   ……….    on whether the world can survive this age of nuclear weapons.

(b) What he wrote in 1930 was   ……….   Much of what he described has come true.

24. describe

(a) The damage caused by the earthquake cannot be imagined. It was  ……….

(b) The teacher asked them to write a   ……….   passage about their home towns.

(c) The witness was able to give a full  ……….   of the wanted man.

25. friend

(a) The   ……….   between the two soon developed into love.

(b) In London she was   ……….   by a rich woman who looked after her and helped her.

(c) The desert is a dangerous  ……….   place.

26. sense

(a) He felt a strange, painful   ……….   in his back.

(b) Even the most  ……….  person ought to appreciate the beauty of this music.

(c) What an idiotic,  ……….   thing to do!

27. famous

(a) The  ……….   of the Beatles soon spread outside Britain.

(b) The day of the massacre will go down in history as a terrible,  ……….   day It was a day of  ……….

28. defend

(a) I just want to ask you a few ordinary questions, so why don’t you relax? Why are you so  ……….   ?

(b) The government’s policy on arms is shocking. It is quite  ……….

(c) We must do all we can for the  ……….   of this nation against possible attack.

29. agree

(a) What an unpleasant,  ……….   old woman she is!

(b) We finally reached  ……….   on the matter at midnight.

(c) I liked the place. I found the people, the weather and the food very  ……….

30. possess

(a) In his will he left all his money and  ……….   to his wife.

(b) She was a very  ……….   mother. She gave her son very little freedom.

(c) The actor playing the main part should be the   ……….   of a very good voice, good looks and a very strong physique.

31. different

(a) I’m afraid I have to   ……….   I don’t agree with you at all.

(b) Politeness is one thing. Real kindness is another. You must learn to   ……….   between the two.

(c) We get along pretty well, although of course we have our   ……….   from time to time.

32. active

(a)  The strike was organised by a group of political   ……….

(b) The fire-prevention system is   ……….    by any small increase in temperature

(c) It is quite safe to go near the volcano. It has been  ………. for years.

33. form

(a) It is especially important for children to have love and affection in their  ……….   years.

(b) The slight  ……….    in his left hand was corrected by surgery.

(c) The police are considering the   ……….   of a new anti-drugs unit.

34. compel

(a) Military service is no longer  ……….   in South Africa.

(b) Membership of the Students’ Club is entirely voluntary. There is no  ……….   whatsoever.

(c) All staff should attend the meeting. Only the most  ……….   reasons for absence will be accepted.

35. create

(a) Ian Fleming, the   ……….   of James Bond, died in 1964.

(b) Although she is very able technically, she isn’t  ……….   enough for this kind of work.

(c) The  ……….   of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation took place in 1949.

36. enthusiasm

(a) They threw themselves  ……….   into the new project.

(b) He’s a real golf   ……….   He loves the game.

(c) They didn’t really   ……….   over my idea. In fact there was some opposition.

37. necessary

(a) We regret that the present economic difficulties will  ……….  a reduction in our work force

(b) I sympathise with his point of view, but I don’t always   ……….   agree with him

(C)  He lives very simply, with just the basic  ……….   of life

38. destroy

(a) The control centre is deep underground and completely  ……….   except by a direct hit from a nuclear missile

(b) War plans include the immediate  ……….   of all enemy military bases

(c) His criticism of my work was entirely  ……….   There was nothing useful or constructive m it at all

39. manage

(a) Talks between workers and  ……….   have broken down and a strike now seems unavoidable

(b) The boy was very violent and his parents found him  ……….

(c) To improve his qualifications he’s taking a course in  ……….   skills

40. believe

(a) It was an incredible story, quite  ……….

(b) She is a person of very strong religious  ……….

(c) His explanation was obviously false and the judge made no attempt to hide his   ……….

PORTMANTEAU WORDS

New expressions are often created by combining parts of two words. ‘Smog’ is a combination of ‘smoke’ and ‘fog’ A film about someone’s life is sometimes called a ‘biopic’ (biographical picture). A ‘bedsit’ is a room which serves as both a bedroom and sitting room These combinations are called ‘portmanteau’ words. Can you explain the following?

Swatch

hazchem

Chunnel

vegeburger

fantabulous

brunch

Oxbridge

camcorder

shopaholic

ginormous

motel

Interpol

guesstimate

ScotRail

Amex

Oxfam

Eurovision

fanzine

ecotastrophe

docudrama

Answers :

1 a) beautiful b) beautician c) beautify

2 a) payment b) payable c) payee

3 a) receptionist

b) receipt c) receptive

4 a) heroism b) heroically c) heroine

5 a) production b) producers  c) unproductive

6 a) explanatory b) inexplicable c) explanation

7 a) incomparably, comparison  b) comparative

8 a) inadvisable b) advisory c) advisability

9 a) admirers b) admiration c) admirable

10 a) stabilise b) instability c) unstable

11 a) economise b) uneconomical  c) economic

12 a) residence b) residential c) residents

13 a) comforting b) uncomfortable c) discomfort

14 a) deaths b) deadly c) deaden

15 a) demonstrators b) undemonstrative c) demonstrably

16 a) imitation b) imitative c) inimitable

17 a) argument b) argumentative c) arguably

18 a) unrepeatable b) repetitive c) repetition

19 a) unfailingly b) failure c) failing

20 a) discourage b) courageously c) encouragement

21 a) unrealistic b) reality c) realist

22 a) falsifying b) falsehood c) falsity

23 a) prophet, prophecy b) prophetic

24 a) indescribable b) descriptive c) description

25 a) friendship b) befriended c) unfriendly

26 a) sensation  b) insensitive c) senseless

27 a) fame b) infamous, infamy

28 a) defensive b) indefensible  c) defence

29 a) disagreeable b) agreement c) agreeable

30 a) possessions b) possessive c) possessor

31 a) differ b) differentiate c) differences

32 a) activists b) activated   c) Inactive

33 a) formative b) deformity c) formation

34 a) compulsory b) compulsion c) compelling

35 a) creator b) creative c) creation

36 a) enthusiastically b) enthusiast c) enthuse

37 a) necessitate b) necessarily c) necessities

38 a) indestructible b) destruction c) destructive

39 a) management b) unmanageable c) managerial / management

40 a) unbelievable b) beliefs c) disbelief