Scientific word in english

What are science terms? In illustrating the scientific world, a number of different words and phrases are used. Some of these phrases are composite science words from different languages, some are acronyms, while still others are words named after scientists themselves. But what exactly are science terms and why are they used? This article will review the definition of science terminology (otherwise known as “science terms”) and give a list of these terms according to their type.

What Are Science Terms?

Scientific terminology, or science terms, is a language specifically designed for use in scientific fields. This language can consist of different words and terms — ones that represent various concepts, ideas, or physical realities.

For example, biologists use a system of scientific terminology called taxonomic nomenclature to identify species. In common language, for instance, a housecat is known as a “cat” — but in biology, the animal is known as Felis catus.

Taxonomic nomenclature, as a system of scientific terminology, uses italicized, often Greek or Latin words, to represent an animal’s genus (a category consisting of an animal’s close relatives) and species.

Examples of Scientific Words

In the housecat example, the Classical Latin word “Felis” is capitalized and represents the genus, while the Old Latin “catus” is in lower case and represents the species. Biologists use taxonomic nomenclature to clearly define species that have certain traits (i.e. genetics) in common.

Science terms can also consist of acronyms, words made up of the initials of longer phrases. In particle physics, for example, BESS is an acronym for Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer, while in biology DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Science terms also may reflect something about the innovator, discoverer, or discovery of an object, organism, or idea. For example, the chemical element Darmstadtium (Ds) was named after the German city of Darmstadt, where the element was first discovered.

List of Science Terms

Examples of Taxonomic Nomenclature (Biology)

Animals

• Panthera leo – Lion
• Panthera tigris – Tiger
• Antilocapra americana – Prognhorn Antelope
• Mellisuga helenae – Bee Hummingbird
• Equus ferus – Wild Horse
• Coccinella septempunctata – Seven-spot ladybug
• Bos taurus – Cattle
• Heloderma suspectum – Gila Monster
• Ursus maritimus – Polar Bear
• Enteroctopus dofleini – Giant Pacific Octopus

Plants

• Carnegia gigantea – Saguaro Cactus
• Rosa californica – California Wildrose
• Cocos nucifera – Coconut Palm Tree
• Quercus alba – White Oak Tree

Examples of Acronymic Scientific Terms (Various Fields)

• LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Physics)
• CT – Computer Tomography (Medicine)
• DOT – Directly Observed Therapy (Biomedical Research)
• AABW – Antarctic Bottom Water (Meteorology)
• RNA – Ribonucleic acid (Biology and Medicine)
• POEM – Polar Orbiting Earth Mission (Astronomy)
• DSDP – Deep Sea Drilling Project (Geology)

Examples of Scientific Terms Named After Different Scientists (Various Fields)

• Gardner Transition – a condensed matter physics transition named after theoretical physicist Elizabeth Gardner (Theoretical Physics)
• Noether’s Theorem – a mathematical theorem named after mathematician Amalie Emmy Noether (Theoretical Physics)
• Einsteinium – or Es, an element named after physicist Albert Einstein (Chemistry)
• Darwinhydrus solidus – a beetle named after biologist Charles Darwin (Biology)

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Last Updated on June 23, 2021

Science Terms! The following is a list of common Science Terms in English.

Science Terms

Science Vocabulary Word List

At the time we are living in the modern age. Day by day Many modern and scientific technologies are being discovered. In these circumstances, we use several types of science words in different situations. As well as in the current era, the scientific word is Intimately involved with us. Because We use the scientific word for various types of scientific research and experimental. We get many science words from scientific books, chemistry, biology, and different types of sources.

As a human being, we seem each person need to grow their science words vocabulary. Cause it’s very essential for every single people. That’s why we decide to share the list of science words. So that you can improve your brain with scientific words.

Science Words Starting With B:

Science Words Beginning With C:

Science Words That Begin With D:

Science Words That Start With E:

Science Words That Start With F:

Science Words That Start With G:

Science Words That Begin With H:

Science Words That Start With I:

Science Words Starting With J:

Science Words That Start With K:

Science Words That Start With L:

Science Words Beginning With M:

Science Words That Begin With N:

Science Words Beginning With O:

Science Words That Begin With P:

Science Words That Start With Q:

Science Words That Begin With R:

Science Words That Start With S:

Science Words That Start With T:

Science Words That Start With U:

Science Words That Start With V:

Science Words That Start With W:

Science Words That Start With X:

Science Words That Start With Y:

Science Words That Start With Z:

Conclusion:

Already you have understood that scientific words need to learn for every person. If you use science words in perfect places, then it will help you to improve your personality, creativity, and productivity. Cause using these types of words you can communicate with a scientific person. 

Science

General words

Names of Sciences and Humanities

Studies

Degrees

Scientific terms in English

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Students must learn new specific terminology if they are to develop their understanding of scientific concepts.

Beck, McKeown and Kucan (2013) categorise vocabulary into three tiers:

• Tier 1: everyday words (e.g. word, number)
• Tier 2: words that are useful across multiple subject areas (e.g. analysis, argument)
• Tier 3: subject-specific words or technical terminology (e.g. electromagnetism, photovoltaic).

Within Science, explicitly teaching Tier 2 and 3 words will allow students to access and communicate scientific content knowledge.

Leno and Dougherty (2007) argue that methods of teaching vocabulary that focus on students copying definitions from a textbook are problematic for three reasons:

1. definitions in isolation can be too broad or too narrow, having no direct link to the topic being taught
2. students may copy definitions absentmindedly, rather than reading and understanding the definition
3. identifying definitions within a passage of text may lead to incomplete or incorrect definitions.

Introducing new vocabulary in contextually rich and cognitively demanding ways benefits all students, whether students identify as English-speaking, English as an additional language (EAL), or as having a disability or additional needs.

Four strategies that teachers can use to introduce new vocabulary to students are:

• Teaching base words and words parts (morphemes)
• Joint construction of definitions
• Naming processes (nominalisation)

• Everyday vs scientific words (register)

Teaching base words and word parts (morphemes)

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning represented in written and spoken language. There are different types of morphemes, including bases and affixes (prefixes and suffixes). Words, for example, can be deconstructed into more than one morpheme as in the word electric consisting of two morphemes: [electr] + [-ic]. New words can also be created by attaching additional morphemes. For example, adding the noun forming suffix [-ity] to the adjective [electric], creates the noun, electricity.

Rather than memorising words, students can learn about morphemes as a way to look ‘inside’ unfamiliar technical terms to find meaningful parts.

Understanding how scientific terminology is structured using common Greek and Latin morphemes, and how morphemes connect words in meaningful ways, offers students portable knowledge about form-function-meaning relationships in words to support vocabulary development with potential flow-on benefits to writing and reading comprehension (Herrington & Macken-Horarik, 2015; Nunes & Bryant, 2006).

Literacy in Practice Video: Biology — Morphemes

In this video, Catherine Walkear introduces students to morphemes. In the video, Catherine uses the parts card strategy in a Year 7 science class learning about taxonomy. She also uses morphological matrices in a Year 8 Biology class learning about diseases and disorders.

Teacher prompts

• What do you think the value is in teaching students about morphemes in Science?
• How might you introduce your students to morphemes in Science

Student prompts

• Do you think knowing more about morphemes would help you better learn new vocabulary in Science?

Read the
in-depth notes for this video.

Parts card strategy for introducing vocabulary

Stants’s (2013) parts card strategy is one way for teachers to introduce students to new vocabulary. The parts card strategy requires students to dissect new vocabulary, generate meaning, and then draw a diagram to demonstrate their understanding. Zoski et al. (2018) have modified Stants’s parts card strategy to emphasise the language modes. 

See an example of a
parts card work sample for Year 7 or Year 8 (VCSSU092,
VCSSU095)

Morphological matrix

Bowers and Cooke’s (2012) morphological matrix is another tool teachers and students can use to develop new vocabulary. Morphological matrices list the various prefixes and suffixes that can be combined to base words to generate new words. The two worked examples below show how the matrix can be used from Year 7 to Year 10, depending on the vocabulary and context.

hyper + tonic = hypotonic

iso + tonic = isotonic

hypo + tonic = hypotonic

Curriculum links for the above example:
VCSSU095,
VCSSU117

endo + therm + al = endothermal

endo + therm + ic = endothermic

therm + al = thermal

exo + therm + al = exothermal

exo + therm + ic = exothermic

geo + therm + al = geothermal

geo + therm + ic = geothermic

hydro + therm + al = hydrothermal

hydro + therm + ic = hydrothermic

meso + therm + ic = mesothermic

meso + therm + al = mesothermal

iso + therm + al = isothermal

iso + therm + ic = isothermic

Curriculum links for the above example:
VCSSU091,
VCSSU100,
VCSSU098,
VCSSU117,
VCSSU126,
VCSSU127

Joint construction of definitions

Joint construction is a collaborative process that involves the teacher and students working together to construct understanding. It is a reciprocal process in which the students’ responses and behaviours influence the teacher’s responses and behaviours, and vice versa (van Vondel et al., 2017).

Joint construction can be used to develop students’ understanding of new scientific terminology and definitions as outlined below:

1. The teacher introduces a technical term within context, for example, read a definition from a textbook, watching an informative video
2. Students talk out the term with a partner
3. Individually or in pairs, students write a definition for the term in their own words
4. The teacher asks students to share their definitions, writing one of them on the board
5. Through dialogue, the teacher and students refine the definition on the board
6. Students compare and correct their own definitions in relation to the jointly constructed definition.

For example, students in Year 8 (VCSSU090,
VCSSU094) could:

1. watch an informative video on stenting (e.g. “Coronary angioplasty, balloons and stents”)
2. talk out what stenting means
3. draw and write a definition.

Student definition: «Stenting is when a stent (tube) is placed in an artery to unblock it.»

Naming processes (nominalisation)

Nominalisation is the process of forming nouns from other word groups. Nominalisation is one of the most distinctive linguistic features of scientific writing (Banks, 2008; Halliday, 2004). This is because scientific texts are often highly condensed and frequently contain abstract ideas and concepts.

In Science, verbs are often nominalised to create the names of processes. This can be done by:

• creating a gerund (by adding the [-ing] suffix). For example, weather can be nominalised to weathering (e.g. chemical weathering)
• adding noun forming suffixes such as [-al], [-ce], [-ion] and [-ment]. For example, when [-ion] is added to the end of the verb, stagnate, the nominalised form is produced: stagnation
• Adding a noun forming prefix such as [ante-], [fore-], [macro-], [maxi-], [micro-], [mid-], [mini-], [pre-] and [post-]. For example, when [sur-] meaning ‘extra’ is attached to the front of the verb charge, the noun surcharge is formed.

Similarly, adjectives can be nominalised by adding noun suffixes. For example, noun density is formed by adding the morpheme [-ity] to the adjective, dense.

Educating students about regular noun forming suffixes (morphemes) is one way to introduce students to nominalisation. The tables below show how verbs and adjectives are nominalised in Science using a selection of regular noun suffixes.

An unintended consequence of using nominalisation is the introduction of abstraction (Halliday, 2004). Explicitly teaching the word parts of nominalised terms helps students to identify embedded meaning.

Knowing how to construct and deconstruct nominalised terms also helps students to better interpret and create texts, and to write in a more sophisticated and scientific manner.

One way to teach Year 9 and 10 students to use nominalisation in their writing is outlined below, along with an example of what a student’s work may look like. The example supports the teaching of the following curriculum links:
VCSSU124,
VCSSU125,
VCSIS140

When reading, reversing the strategy above can help students to unpack the meaning of dense nouns, particularly those relating to scientific or experimental processes. Compound nouns ([noun + noun] or [adjective + noun]) may also be underlined. Again, the example supports the teaching of the following curriculum links:
VCSSU124,
VCSSU125,
VCSIS140

Everyday vs scientific words (register)

Scientists speak and write differently depending on the audience, the context and the purpose. The different styles or formalities of speaking and writing are known as ‘register’ and can be placed along a continuum. The register continuum below emphasises the links between scientific communication and the
F–10 Victorian Curriculum: English sub-strands.

In Science, students need to be explicitly taught how to write and speak in more formal registers. Teacher modelling (HITS Strategy 3) and ongoing feedback (HITS Strategy will support students to develop their understanding and use of register within the Science classroom. The example below for a Year 7 or 8 lesson has been modified from Polias (2016, pp. 85-88) and addresses
VCSSU095 and
VCSIS113.

1. The students are asked to design an experiment to show how impurities affect the melting and/or boiling points of a substance.
2. The teacher revises the scientific content and knowledge students require, introducing and explaining technical terms, making explicit links between concrete verbs and more abstract nouns (e.g. melting/liquify and liquefaction; boiling/evaporate and evaporation).
3. The teacher writes the words on the board, organised in a table like the one below.
   

   Everyday word	Everyday word and scientific word	Scientific word
   bubbles turns to water	boils melts	vapourise liquifies

4. Students work in small groups to design the experiment.
5. The teacher moves around the groups, questioning and assisting students to use more technical terms in their small group discussions.
• So when you say ___, that means ___.
• Do you remember the technical term we use?
6. Each group presents their experiment to the class.
7. Again, the teacher questions and assists the students to use more formal and technical language. The teacher may also model or scaffold how to do this.
• How would the textbook describe that process?
• That’s an everyday term; can you remember the scientific name for it?

Classroom discussions and questioning

Questioning (HITS Strategy 7) provides students with opportunities to talk about, argue and express opinions and differing points of view (DET, 2017). Effective questioning is fundamental to fostering productive discussion (or classroom talk) (Fisher, Frey and Hattie, 2016). During conversations, teachers can ask a number of questions to promote deeper thinking and to increase the level of rigour of classroom talk.

The following two strategies have been adapted from
Accountable Talk® Sourcebook (Michaels et al., 2010) for the Science classroom. Teachers can find other strategies to promote effective discussions in the online resource.

Fishbowl

1. A research question or hypothesis is shared with the whole class (either teacher- or student-generated).
2. A small, focal group of students (the “fish”) are selected to discuss and determine a methodology for the given investigation. The focal group should:
• select appropriate equipment
• identify controlled and independent variables
• propose an appropriate procedure
• explain how data will be recorded.
3. The focal group is positioned so that the rest of the class (the “researchers”) can observe their conversation. The researchers are critical observers, assessing the talk of the focal group.
4. At different points during the conversation, the teacher interrupts the focal group and asks the researchers to discuss the focal students’ talk, process, or reasoning.
5. The teacher should not intervene or comment on each student’s contribution
6. At strategic moments, the teacher refocuses the observers and guides the group discussion to determine a final methodology for the investigation.
7. The investigation is conducted by the entire class in the following lesson.

Curriculum links for the above example:
VCSIS108,
VCSIS109,
VCSIS135

Pressing for accuracy and evidence

The questions below can support students to develop their understanding of the use and importance of evidence in scientific conversations. Teachers can ask these questions during class discussions, with small groups, or individually with a student.

• Where can we find that in the textbook?
• What did you observe to make you think/say that?
• What evidence do you have to support what you have just said?
• How could we check what you have just said?
• Is there more data to support that inference?
• How could we collect more data to support your claim?

When necessary, teachers can model to students how to use evidence to answer such questions.

References