Russian word with english meaning

Shuba and glasnost: historical borrowings

One of the earliest borrowings from Russian was the word “sable” (from the Russian: sobol — a
carnivorous mammal of the Mustelidae family native to northern Europe and Asia). In the 12th-13th
centuries, this animal’s fur was a form of currency, and in 14th century English dictionaries the word
«sable’’ can be found. In addition to the meaning of the noun, it became an adjective for “black.”

A large number of Russian borrowings came to the English language in the 16th century, which was a
time of growing Russian-English trade and political relations. Many such words concerned traded goods:

Beluga — a type of whale or sturgeon

Starlet — a small sturgeon of the Danube basin and Caspian Sea; farmed and commercially fished for its flesh and caviar

Kvass — a fermented mildly alcoholic beverage made from rye flour or bread with malt; sometimes translated into English as “bread drink”

Shuba — a fur coat

Czar (or tsar) – Russia’s ruler until the 1917 Revolution

Ztarosta (starosta) — a title that designates an official or unofficial leader; the head of a community
(church starosta, or school starosta)

Moujik (muzhik) — a male peasant

In the 18th and 19th centuries, other Russian words originally specific to Russian history entered into
English. Nowadays, however, they mostly can be found only in historical works or books of fiction:

Ispravnik — the chief of the district police

Obrok – an annual tax formerly paid by a Russian peasant engaged in trade

Barshina — forced labor of peasants on a landlord’s land

In the 19th century, words related to the socialist and democratic movements in Russia entered into
English:

Decembrist — a participant of the uprising against Czar Nicholas I at the time of his accession in St.
Petersburg on Dec. 14, 1825

Nihilist, nihilism — a denial of the validity of traditional values and beliefs. The term spread after
publishing of the novel, Fathers and Sons (1862), by Russian writer Ivan Turgenev, where the main
character is the nihilist Bazarov.

Narodnik (from Russian “narod” — people) – a member of the 19th century rural socialist movement who
believed that political propaganda among the Russian peasantry would lead to the awakening of the
masses to challenge the czarist regime. 

Intelligentsia – society’s intellectual elite

Of course, the words “nihilist,” “decembrist,” and “intelligentsia” are not truly Russian in origin and are
borrowed from Latin. However, these words came into English from Russian.

After the 1917 Revolution many Russian words appeared in many languages. Most are used to denote
completely new things and notions specific to Russia and Russian politics.

Here is a list of some well-known Russian words from the Soviet era:

Bolshevik (from Russian for “majority”) — a member of the majority faction of the Russian Social
Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October
Revolution in 1917.

Samizdat — a system in the USSR and countries within its orbit by which forbidden literature was
clandestinely printed and distributed; also such literature

Soviet — a revolutionary council of workers or peasants in Russia before the Revolution; also, an elected
local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union.

Sputnik (originally – “a traveling companion”) — the name given to a series of Soviet-era satellites; the
first objects launched into space

Cosmonaut — a Russian astronaut

Kolkhoz (abbreviation for Russian “kollektivnoye khozyaystvo”) – a cooperative agricultural enterprise
operated on state-owned land by peasants; a collective farm

Tovarishch — a companion or fellow traveler; used as a direct form of address in the Soviet Union;
equivalent to comrade

Gulag — originally an acronym for a Soviet-era system of forced-labor camps; it now can refer to any
repressive or coercive environment or situation

Apparatchik – the name given the Communist Party machine in the former Soviet Union; also a member
of the Communist Party and an official in a large organization, typically in a political one.

American
academic and author James Billington describes one as «a man not of grand plans, but of a hundred
carefully executed details.” It’s often considered a derogatory term, with negative connotations in terms
of the quality, competence, and attitude of a person thus described.

The words “pioneer” and “brigade” had existed in English, but they got new meanings as “a member of
the children’s Communist organization” and «labour collective» after the revolution in Russia. A new political regime in the 1990s created the new words, “glasnost” and “perestroika.”

Glasnost — an official policy in the former Soviet Union (especially associated with Mikhail Gorbachev)
emphasizing openness with regard to discussion of social problems and shortcomings.

Perestroika — a reform of the political and economic system of the former Soviet Union, first proposed
by Leonid Brezhnev at the 26th Communist Party Congress in 1979, and later actively promoted
by Mikhail Gorbachev starting in 1985.

Borscht and kazachoc: cultural borrowings

Other borrowings relate to Russian cultural and gastronomic traits.

Pelmeni — an Eastern European dumpling filled with minced meat, especially beef and pork, wrapped in
thin dough, and then boiled

Borscht (Borshch) — a beet soup served hot or cold, usually with sour cream

Kissel — a viscous fruit dish, popular as a dessert and as a drink

Vodka (barely needs to be introduced) — a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol,
sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings, 40 percent alcohol by volume ABV (80 US proof).

Medovukha — a Russian honey-based alcoholic beverage similar to mead

Molotov cocktail — a makeshift bomb made of a breakable container filled with flammable liquid and
with a rag wick that is lighted just before being hurled. “Cocktail” named after Vyacheslav Molotov:
while dropping bombs on Helsinki, Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov claimed the Soviets were
only dropping food and drink to their comrades.

Russian roulette — a very dangerous game of chance where each player points at their own head with
a gun that has one bullet in it and five empty chambers

Kazachoc (literally translated it means «Little Cossack») — A Slavic dance, chiefly Russian and Ukrainian,
with a fast tempo featuring a step in which a squatting dancer kicks out each leg alternately to the front.

Sambo — a Soviet martial art originally developed in the former Soviet Union. The word «SAMBO» is
an acronym for SAMozashchita Bez Oruzhiya, which literally translates as «self-defense without
weapons.»

You definitely have heard the Russian word “babushka.” When it entered into the English language, in
addition to its original meaning “grandmother,” it got another one: a type of scarf commonly worn by
babushkas.

After 1991, there were some new words such as “gopnik” or “silovik” still coming to other languages.

Gopnik — a pejorative term to describe a particular subculture in Russia and other Slavic countries that
refers to aggressive young men or women of the lower-class from families of poor education and
income, somewhat similar to American “white trash.”

Silovik — a word for state officials from the security or military services, often officers of the former KGB,
GRU, FSB, SVR, the Federal Drug Control or other security services who wield enormous political and
state power.

Some linguists even claim that one of the most popular verbs in modern English, “to talk,” has
Scandinavian roots — “tolk,” which is originally from the Russian “tolk,” “tolkovat”. And the word «milk»
was borrowed from Slavic tribes as «meolk,» and then as «milk.» There’s a similar story for other words
such as «honey» (Old English — meodu, Russian — mjod).

Try to guess the meaning of these words of Russian origin:

Shapka

Pirozhki (also piroshki)

Spetsnaz (or Specnaz)

Zek

Which Russian words have you met in other languages? Share your comments!

If using any of Russia Beyond’s content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material.

Get the week’s best stories straight to your inbox

This page transcribes Russian (written in Cyrillic script) using the IPA. For a quick overview of Russian pronunciation, see Help:IPA/Russian.

Many languages, including English, contain words (Russianisms) most likely borrowed from the Russian language. Not all of the words are of purely Russian or origin. Some of them co-exist in other Slavic languages, and it can be difficult to determine whether they entered English from Russian or, say, Bulgarian. Some other words are borrowed or constructed from classical ancient languages, such as Latin or Greek. Still others are themselves borrowed from indigenous peoples that Russians have come into contact with in Russian or Soviet territory.

Compared to other source languages, English contains few words adopted from Russian.^[1] Direct borrowing first began with contact between England and Russia in the 16th century and picked up heavily in the 20th century, with the establishment of the Soviet Union as a major world power.^[2] Most of these words denote things and notions specific to Russia, Russian culture, politics, and history, but also well known outside Russia. Some others are in mainstream usage and independent of any Russian context.

While both English and Russian are distantly related members of Indo-European and therefore share a common ancestor, Proto-Indo-European, cognate pairs such as mother – мать (mat‘) will be excluded from the list.

Common[edit]

-nik, a borrowed suffix (also used in Yiddish)

Babushka^[3] (Russian: ба́бушка [ˈbabuʂkə] «grandmother», «granny», or just an old woman), a headscarf folded diagonally and tied under the chin (this meaning is absent in the Russian language). Also unlike in the Russian language, the stress is made on the letter u instead of the first a.

Balalaika^[3] (Russian: балала́йка, [bəlɐˈlajkə])
A triangle-shaped mandolin-like musical instrument with three strings.

Balaclava (Russian: Балаклава) (Tatar origin) A knitted hat that covers the face. First used in the British army during the Crimean war of 1853–56. From the name of the town of Balaklava, Russianized Tatar ‘Baliqlava’. This usage in Russian is fairly recent and comes from English.

Bridge (game) (from the Old East Slavic: бирич biritch).

Cosmonaut^[3] Russian: космона́вт (IPA [kəsmɐˈnaft]), a Russian or Soviet astronaut (from κόσμος kosmos, a Greek word, which in Russian stands for ‘outer space’ rather than ‘world’ or ‘universe’, and nautes – ‘sailor’, thus ‘space sailor’; the term cosmonaut was first used in 1959; the near-similar word «cosmonautic» was coined in 1947). Cosmodrome (by analogy with aerodrome) was coined to refer to a launching site for Russian spacecraft.^[3]

Gulag (Russian ГУЛА́Г, acronym for Главное Управление Исправительно-Трудовых Лагерей и колоний) (Russian acronym for Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey i kolonii, «The Chief Administration (or Directorate) of Corrective Labour Camps and Colonies».)

1. (historical) In the former Soviet Union, an administered system of corrective labor camps and prisons.
2. (figurative) A coercive institution or an oppressive environment.

Intelligentsia (Russian: интеллиге́нция [ɪntʲɪlʲɪˈɡʲentsɨjə]; from Latin intelligence, intelligentia from inter «between», and legare «to choose»)

1. The part of a nation (originally in pre-revolutionary Russia) having aspirations to intellectual activity, a section of society regarded as possessing culture and political initiative; plural the members of this section of a nation or society.
2. In the former Soviet Union, the intellectual elite.

Kazakh (Russian: каза́х) (Russian, late-16th century, Kazak, from Turkic, meaning «vagabond» or «nomad», name of the ethnicity was transliterated into English from Russian spelling. The self-appellation is «Kazak», or «Qazaq»). Terms related to Kazakh people, their nation, and culture.

Knout (Russian: кнут [knut]) perhaps from Swedish knutpiska, a kind of whip, or of Germanic origin – Knute, Dutch Knoet, Anglo-Saxon cnotta, English knot) A whip formerly used as an instrument of punishment in Russia; the punishment inflicted by the knout.

Kopeck (Russian: копе́йка, [kɐˈpʲejkə]; derives from the Russian (копьё [kɐˈpʲjo] ‘spear’) a reference to the image of a rider with a spear on the coins minted in Moscow after the capture of Novgorod in 1478) A Russian currency, a subunit of the Ruble, 100 kopecks is equal to 1 ruble.

Kremlin (Russian: кремль [krʲemlʲ]; Russian for «fortress», «citadel», or «castle») A citadel or fortified enclosure within a Russian town or city, especially the Kremlin of Moscow; (the Kremlin) Metonym for the government of the former USSR, and to a lesser extent of the Russian post-Soviet government.

Mammoth (Russian: ма́монт mamont [ˈmamənt], from Yakut мамонт mamont, probably mama, «earth», perhaps from the notion that the animal burrowed in the ground) Any various large, hairy, extinct elephants of the genus Mammuthus, especially the woolly mammoth. 2. (adjective) Something of great size.

Matryoshka also Russian nested doll, stacking doll, Babushka doll, or Russian doll (Russian: матрёшка [mɐˈtrʲɵʂkə]). A set of brightly colored wooden dolls of decreasing sizes placed one inside another. «Matryoshka» is a derivative of the Russian female first name «Matryona», which is traditionally associated with a corpulent, robust, rustic Russian woman.

Pogrom (from Russian: погро́м; from «громи́ть» gromit «to destroy»; the word came to English through Yiddish פאָגראָם c.1880–1885) Definition of pogrom | Dictionary.com

1. (early-20th century) A riot against Jews.
2. (general) An organized, officially tolerated^{[clarification needed]} attack on any community or group.
3. (transitive verb) Massacre or destroy in a pogrom.

Ruble (Rouble) (from Russian: рубль rubl [ˈrublʲ], from Old Russian рубли rubli «cut» or «piece», probably originally a piece cut from a silver ingot bar (grivna) from Russian руби́ть, rubiti meaning «to chop». Historically, «ruble» was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a silver ingot (grivna), hence the name. An alternate etymology may suggest the name comes from the Russian noun рубе́ц, rubets, i.e., the seam that is left around the coin after casting. Therefore, the word ruble means «a cast with a seam».) The Russian unit of currency.

Sable (from Russian: sobol – со́боль [ˈsobəlʲ], ultimately from Persian سمور samor) A carnivorous mammal of the weasel family, native to northern Europe and Asia.

Samovar (Russian: самова́р, IPA: [səmɐˈvar] (Russian само samo «self» and варить varit «to boil» hence «self-boil») A traditional Russian tea urn with an internal heating device for heating water and keeping it at boiling point.

Sputnik (historical, aside from the name of the program) (Russian: «спу́тник» – «satellite» (in space and astronomy), in Russian, its initial meaning is «travelling companion» from s «co-» + put «way» or «journey» + noun suffix -nik person connected with something; it means «satellite» when referring to astronomy-related topics). This term is now dated in English.

1. In English, the best-known meaning is the name of a series of unmanned artificial earth satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1957 to the early 1960s; especially Sputnik 1, which on 4 October 1957 became the first human-made object to orbit the earth.

Taiga (Russian: тайга́, originally from Mongolian or Turkic). The swampy, coniferous forests of high northern latitudes, especially referring to that between the tundra and the steppes of Siberia.

Troika (Russian: тро́йка [ˈtrojkə] «threesome» or «triumvirate»)

1. (mid-19th century) A Russian vehicle, either a wheeled carriage or a sleigh, drawn by three horses abreast.
2. A Russian folk dance with three people, often one man and two women.
3. (historical) a) In the former Soviet Union, a commission headed by three people; especially NKVD Troika. b) In the former Soviet Union, a group of three powerful Soviet leaders; especially referring to the 1953 troika of Georgy Malenkov, Lavrentiy Beria, and Vyacheslav Molotov that briefly ruled the Soviet Union after the death of Stalin.
4. A group of three people or things working together, especially in an administrative or managerial capacity.^{[citation needed]}

Tundra (Russian: тундра, originally from Lappish). An Arctic steppe.

Ushanka (Russian: уша́нка [uˈʂaŋkə]), or shapka-ushanka, the word derives from Russian «уши» «ushi» – ears (and also flaps of ushanka). Ear-flapped hat, a type of cap (Russian: ша́пка shapka) made of fur with ear flaps that can be tied up to the crown of the cap or tied at the chin to protect the ears from the cold.

Cuisine[edit]

Beef Stroganoff or Stroganov (Russian: бефстроганов, tr. befstróganov) A Russian dish of sautéed pieces of beef served in a sauce with smetana (sour cream).

Blini (Russian plural: блины, singular: блин). Thin pancakes or crepes traditionally made with yeasted batter, although non-yeasted batter has become widespread in recent times. Blini are often served in connection with a religious rite or festival, but also constitute a common breakfast dish.

Coulibiac (origin 1895–1900, from Russian: кулебя́ка kulebyáka, an oblong loaf of fish, meat, or vegetables, baked in a pastry shell; of uncertain origin). A Russian fish pie typically made with salmon or sturgeon, hard-boiled eggs, mushrooms, and dill, baked in a yeast or puff pastry shell.

Kefir (Russian: кефи́р [kəˈfir]). A fermented milk drink made with kefir «grains» (a yeast/bacterial fermentation starter) that has its origins in the north Caucasus Mountains.

Medovukha (Russian: медову́ха, from мёд) [Proto-Indo-European meddhe, «honey»]). A Russian honey-based alcoholic beverage similar to mead.

Okroshka (Russian: окро́шка) from Russian «kroshit» (крошить) meaning to chop (into small pieces). A type of Russian cold soup with mixed raw vegetables and kvass.

Pavlova A meringue dessert topped with whipped cream and fresh fruit, popular mainly in Australia and New Zealand; named after the Russian ballet dancer Anna Pavlova. Pavlova Cake history

Pelmeni (Russian plural: пельме́ни, singular пельме́нь, pelmen′ from Udmurt: пельнянь «ear[-formed] bread»). An Eastern European dumpling made with minced meat, especially beef and pork, wrapped in thin dough and cooked similarly to pasta.

Pirozhki (Russian plural: пирожки́, singular пирожо́к). An Eastern European baked or fried bun stuffed with a variety of fillings.

Rassolnik (Russian: рассольник). A hot soup in a salty-sour cucumber base.

Sbiten (Russian: сби́тень) A traditional Russian honey-based drink similar to Medovukha.

Sevruga (Russian: севрю́га) A caviar from the sevruga, a type of sturgeon found only in the Caspian and Black Seas.

Shchi (Russian: щи) A type of cabbage soup.

Solyanka (Russian: соля́нка; [sɐˈlʲankə]). A thick, spicy, and sour Russian soup that is common in Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union and certain parts of the former Eastern Bloc.

Ukha (Russian: уха). A clear Russian soup made from various types of fish such as bream, wels catfish, northern pike, or even ruffe.

Vareniki (Russian plural: вареники, singular: вареник; «var» from Old Russian «варить» – to boil). A type of pasta parcel traditionally filled with mashed potatoes, cabbage, cottage cheese, or cherries, and then boiled in a similar way to pasta.

Political and administrative[edit]

Active measures^[4] (Russian: активные мероприятия, romanized: aktivnye meropriyatiya) is political warfare conducted by the Soviet or Russian government since the 1920s. It includes offensive programs such as disinformation, propaganda, deception, sabotage, destabilization, and espionage.

Agitprop^[3] (Russian: агитпро́п; blend of Russian агита́ция agitatsiya «agitation» and пропага́нда propaganda «propaganda»; origin – 1930’s, from shortened form of отде́л агита́ции и пропага́нды, transliteration otdel agitatsii i propagandy, (‘Department for Agitation and Propaganda’), which was part of the Central and regional committees of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The department was later renamed Ideological Department.)

• Political (originally communist) propaganda

Apparatchik^[3] plural apparatchiki (Russian: аппара́тчик) [ɐpɐˈrat͡ɕɪk] (from Russian аппара́т apparat in sense of «gosudarstvenniy apparat» [«state machine»])

• Common name given to state (governmental) organs and the Communist Party, which was the leading and most powerful part of the state machine in the former Soviet Union. The word «apparat» derives from «apparatus», which itself stems from the Latin apparare, «to make ready».

Bolshevik^[3] (Russian большеви́к) [bəlʲʂɨˈvʲik] (from Russian «большинство́», «bolshinstvo» – majority, which derives from «бо́льше» bol’she – ‘more’, ‘greater’.

• (historical) A member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed to the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) after seizing power in the October Revolution in 1917.
• (chiefly derogatory) (in general use) A person with politically subversive or radical views; a revolutionary.
• (adjective) Relating to or characteristic of Bolsheviks or their views or policies.

Cheka^[3] (Russian: Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия по борьбе с контрреволюцией и саботажем, acronym for The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Speculation, and Sabotage, abbreviated to Cheka (Chrezvychaynaya Komissiya, ChK; Чрезвычайная Комиссия, ЧК – pronounced «Che-Ká») or VCheka; In 1918, its name was slightly altered to «All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Profiteering and Corruption»). The first Soviet state security organization (1917–1922), it was later transformed and reorganized into the GPU.

Commissar^[3] (Russian комисса́р) (Russian комиссариа́т commissariat, reinforced by medieval Latin commissariatus, both from medieval Latin commissarius «person in charge», from Latin committere «entrust». The term «commissar» was first used in 1918)

1. An official of the communist party, especially in the former Soviet Union or present-day China, responsible for political education and organization; a head of a government department in the former Soviet Union before 1946, when the title was changed to «Minister».
2. (figurative) A strict or prescriptive figure of authority.

Disinformation is a loan translation of the Russian dezinformatsiya (дезинформа́ция),^[5][6][7] derived from the title of a KGB black propaganda department.^[8] Disinformation was defined in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1952) as «false information with the intention to deceive public opinion».^[5][6]

Druzhina also Druzhyna, Drużyna (Russian and Ukrainian: дружи́на) (Slavic drug (друг) meaning «companion» or «friend», related to Germanic drotiin, Proto-Germanic druhtinaz, meaning «war band») (historical) A detachment of select troops in East Slavic countries who performed service for a chieftain, later knyaz. Its original functions were bodyguarding, raising tribute from conquered territories, and serving as the core of an army during war campaigns. In Ukrainian, the word дружина means legal wife.

Duma (Russian: ду́ма) (from the Russian ду́мать dumat’, «to think» or «to consider»)

1. (historical) A pre-19th century advisory municipal council in Russia, later referring to any of the four elected legislative bodies established due to popular demand in Russia from 1906 to 1917.
2. The legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia (and some other republics of the former Soviet Union) established after the fall of communism in 1993.

The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya duma), common abbreviation: Госду́ма (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia.

Dvoryanstvo singular dvoryanin дворяни́н, plural dvoryane дворя́не (Russian дворя́нство dvoryanstvo, meaning «nobility», from Russian dvor (двор) referring to the court of a prince or duke kniaz and later of the tsar) (historical) Term for the Russian nobility that arose in the 14th century and essentially governed Russia until the Russian Revolution in 1917.

Dyak (clerk) (Russian дьяк), diminutive – Dyachok (Russian дьячо́к) (historical) One of the church workers in Russia who were not part of the official hierarchy of church offices and whose duties included reading and singing.

Glasnost (Russian: гла́сность [ˈɡlasnəsʲtʲ]; glasnost – publicity, from «гласный» «glasniy» – public, from glas voice, from Old Church Slavonic glasu). Late-20th century official policy in the former Soviet Union (especially associated with Mikhail Gorbachev) emphasizing transparency and openness with regard to discussion of social problems and shortcomings.

Glavlit (Russian acronym for Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs, later renamed Main Administration for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Russian: Главное управление по охране государственных тайн в печати ГУОГТП (ГУОТ), trans. Glavnoe upravlenie po okhrane gosudarstvennykh tayn v pechati) (historical) The official censorship and state secret protection organ in the Soviet Union.

Kadet^[3] (Russian: Конституционно-демократическая партия, The Constitutional Democratic Party or Constitutional Democrats, formally Party of Popular Freedom, informally called Kadets, or Cadets, from the abbreviation K-D of the party name [the term was political and not related to military students, who are called cadets]) (historical) A liberal political party in Tsarist Russia founded in 1905; it largely dissolved after the Russian Civil War.

Khozraschyot or Khozraschet (Russian: хозрасчёт, хозя́йственный расчёт, literally «economic accounting») A method of the planned running of an economic unit (i.e., of a business, in Western terms) based on the confrontation of the expenses incurred in production with the production output, on the compensation of expenses using production-derived income; often referred to as the attempt to simulate the capitalist concepts of profit into the planned economy of the Soviet Union.

Kolkhoz plural kolkhozy (Russian: колхо́з, [kɐlˈxos]; 1920s origin. Russian contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство, kol(lektivnoe) khoz(yaisto) «collective farm») A form of collective farming in the former Soviet Union.

Kompromat (Russian: компрометирующий материал) contraction of ‘compromising’ and ‘material’. Refers to disparaging information that can be collected, stored, traded, or used strategically across all domains: political, electoral, legal, professional, judicial, media, and business. The origins of the term trace back to 1930s secret police jargon.

Konyushy (Russian коню́ший) (Russian, literally «equerry» or «master of the horse») (historical) A boyar in charge of the stables of the Russian rulers, duties that included parade equipage, ceremonies of court ride-offs, and military horse breeding.

Korenizatsiya also korenization (Russian: корениза́ция) (Russian, meaning «nativization» or «indigenization», literally «putting down roots», from the Russian term коренно́е населе́ние korennoye naseleniye «root population»)

Kulak (Russian: кула́к, literally «fist», meaning «tight-fisted» ) Originally a prosperous Russian landed peasant in czarist Russia, later the term was used with hostility by Communists during the October Revolution to refer to an exploiter and strong adherent of private property and liberal values, this being the opposite of communist values; they were severely repressed under the rule of Joseph Stalin in the 1930s.

Krai also Kray (Russian: край, 1. edge. 2.1. country, land (as poetic word). 2.2. krai, territory (as adm.-terr. unit).^[9])
Term for eight of Russia’s 85 federal subjects, often translated as territory, province, or region.

Leninism (Russian: ленини́зм) (after Vladimir Lenin, the term was coined in 1918) The political, economic, and social principles and practices of the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, especially his theory of government, which formed the basis for Soviet communism.

Lishenets (Russian: лише́нец) (from Russian лишение, «deprivation», properly translated as disenfranchised) (historical) A certain group of people in the Soviet Union who, from 1918 to 1936, were prohibited from voting and denied other rights.

Maskirovka (Russian: маскировка) (literally ‘disguise’) is a Russian military doctrine developed from the start of the twentieth century. The doctrine covers a broad range of measures for military deception, from camouflage to denial and deception.

Menshevik (Russian: меньшеви́к) (from Russian word меньшинство́ menshinstvo, «minority», from ме́ньше men’she «less»; the name Menshevik was coined by Vladimir Lenin when the party was (atypically) in the minority for a brief period) (historical) A member of the non-Leninist wing of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party, opposed to the Bolsheviks, who defeated them during the Russian Civil War that followed the 1917 Russian Revolution.

Mir (Russian: мир) (from Russian mir, meaning both «world» and «peace»)

• (historical) A peasant farming commune in pre-Revolutionary Russia.
• Mir, a space station created by the former Soviet Union and continued by Russia until 2001.

Namestnik (Russian: наме́стник, [nɐˈmʲesnʲɪk]; Russian, literally «deputy» or «lieutenant») (historical)

1. (12th–16th century) An official who ruled an uyezd and was in charge of local administration.
2. (18th–20th century) A type of viceroy in Russia who ruled a namestnichestvo and had plenipotentiary powers.

Narkompros (Russian: Наркомпро́с) (Russian Народный комиссариат просвещения, an abbreviation for the People’s Commissariat for Enlightenment (historical) The Soviet Union agency charged with the administration of public education and most other issues related to culture, such as literature and art. Founded by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution, it was renamed in 1946 to the Ministry of Enlightening.

Narodniks (Russian: plural наро́дники, singular наро́дник) (from Russian narod, «people», in turn from the expression «хождение в народ», meaning «going to the people») (historical) The name for Russian revolutionaries (active from the 1860s to the 1880s) that looked on the peasants and intelligentsia as revolutionary forces, rather than the urban working class.

NEP or The New Economic Policy (NEP) (Russian: нэп, acronym for но́вая экономи́ческая поли́тика novaya ekonomicheskaya politika) (historical) An economic policy instituted in 1921 by Lenin to attempt to rebuild industry, especially agriculture. The policy was later reversed by Stalin.

Nomenklatura (Russian: номенклату́ра) (Russian nomenklatura, from the Latin nomenclatura, meaning a list of names) (historical) In the former Soviet Union, a list of influential posts in government and industry to be filled by Communist Party appointees; collectively the holders of these posts, the Soviet élite.

Oblast (Russian: область) A type of administrative division

Obshchina (Russian: ́община, общи́на) (Russian о́бщий obshchiy common, commune) Russian peasant agrarian communities during Imperialist Russia.

Obtshak (Russian: обща́к) In criminal jargon, a mutual aid fund in the environment of a criminal community.

Okhrana in full: The Okhrannoye otdeleniye (Russian: Охра́нное отделе́ние) (Russian, literally «protection section») (historical) The secret police organization (established in the 1860s) for protection of the Russian czarist regimes. It ended with the Bolshevik takeover of Russia in 1917; the Bolsheviks set up their own secret police organization, called the Cheka.

Okrug (Russian: о́круг) (Russian okrug is similar to the German word Bezirk («district»), both referring to something that is «encircled»).

• In the former Soviet Union, an administrative division of an oblast and krai
• A federal district in the present-day Russian Federation

Oprichnina (Russian: опри́чнина) (from the obsolete Russian word опричь, oprich, meaning «apart from» or «separate») (historical) Term for the domestic policy of Russian czar Ivan the Terrible.

Oprichnik plural Oprichniki (Russian: опри́чник) (historical) Name given to the bodyguards of Ivan the Terrible, who ruthlessly suppressed any opposition to his reign.

Perestroika (Russian: перестро́йка) (Russian perestroika, literally «restructuring»; the term was first used in 1986) The reform of the political and economic system of the former Soviet Union, first proposed by Leonid Brezhnev at the 26th Communist Party Congress in 1979 and later actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985.

Podyachy (Russian: подья́чий) (Russian, from the Greek hypodiakonos, «assistant servant») (historical) An office occupation in prikazes (local and upper governmental offices) and lesser local offices of Russia from the 15th to the 18th century.

Politburo (Russian Политбюро́ politbyuro, from Полити́ческое бюро́ polit(icheskoe) byuro, «political bureau») (historical) The principal policymaking committee in the former Soviet Union that was founded in 1917; also known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966.

Posadnik (Russian: поса́дник) (from Old Church Slavic posaditi, meaning to put, or place, since originally, they were placed in the city to rule on behalf of the prince of Kiev) (historical) A mayor (equivalent to a stadtholder, burgomaster, or podestà in the medieval West) in some East Slavic cities, notably in the Russian cities of Novgorod and Pskov; the title was abolished in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Praporshchik (Russian: пра́порщик) (from Slavonic prapor (прапор), meaning flag, since the praporshchik was a flag-bearer among Kievan Rus troops) The name of a junior officer position in the military of the Russian Empire equivalent to ensign. Nowadays, this rank is used by the modern Russian army, police, and FSB and is equivalent to warrant officer.

Prikaz (Russian: прика́з)

1. (historical) An administrative (palace, civil, military, or church) or judicial office in Muscovy and Russia of 15th–18th centuries; abolished by Peter the Great.
2. In modern Russian, an administrative or military order (to do something).

Propiska (Russian: пропи́ска) (Russian full term пропи́ска по ме́сту жи́тельства, «The record of place of residence», from the Russian verb propisat «to write into», in reference to writing a passport into a registration book of the given local office) (historical) A regulation promulgated by the Russian czar designed to control internal population movement by binding a person to his or her permanent place of residence. Abolished by Lenin but later reinstated under Stalin in the Soviet Union.

Silovik (Russian: силови́к), plural siloviks or siloviki (Russian: силовики́) (from Russian си́ла sila, «strength», «force») A collective name for ministers, generals, and other officials of «силовые ведомства» «siloviye vedomstva» – force departments – ministries and other departments that have arms (weapons) and ability to use armed force, such as the army, FSB(KGB), or MVD (police). The term siloviks is often used to highlight or suggest their inclination to use force to solve problems.

Soviet (Russian: сове́т) (Russian sovet, «council») (historical)

• A revolutionary council of workers or peasants in Russia before the 1917 Revolution
• An elected local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union
• A citizen in the former Soviet Union
• Of or concerning the former Soviet Union

Sovkhoz plural sovkhozes (Russian: совхо́з) (Russian сове́тское хозя́йство, (Sov) eckoje (khoz)yaistvo, «Soviet farm»)

• (historical) A state-owned farm in the former Soviet Union
• A state-owned farm in countries of the former Soviet Union

Sovnarkhoz (Russian: Совнархо́з) (Russian сове́т наро́дного хозя́йства, sovet narodnogo hozyaistva, Council of National Economy, usually translated as «Regional Economic Council») (historical) An organization of the former Soviet Union to manage a separate economic region.

Sovnarkom (Russian: Сове́т Мини́стров СССР) (Russian Sovet Ministrov SSSR, Council of Ministers of the USSR, sometimes abbreviated as Совми́н Sovmin; between 1918 and 1946, it was named the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR (Совет Народных Комиссаров СССР, Russian Sovet Narodnykh Komissarov SSSR, sometimes Sovnarkom or SNK).) (historical) In the former Soviet Union, the highest executive and administrative body.

Spetsnaz or Specnaz (Russian: Войска́ специа́льного назначе́ния – спецна́з) or Russian special purpose regiments (Voyska spetsialnogo naznacheniya) A general term for police or military units within the Soviet Union (later Russian Federation) who engage in special activities; similar to commando.

Stakhanovite (Russian: стаха́новец) (after Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov (Алексе́й Григо́рьевич Стаха́нов), a coal miner from Donbas noted for his superior productivity; the Soviet authorities publicized Stakhanov’s prodigious output in 1935 as part of a campaign to increase industrial output).

• (historical) In the former Soviet Union, a worker who was exceptionally hardworking and productive and thus earned special privileges and rewards
• Any exceptionally hardworking or zealous person, often with connotations of excessive compliance with management and lack of solidarity with fellow workers

Stalinism (Russian: сталини́зм; the term Stalinism was first used in 1927, though not by Stalin himself, as he considered himself a Marxist–Leninist).

• (historical) The political, economic, and social principles and policies associated with Joseph Stalin during his rule (1924–1953) of the Soviet Union; especially the theory and practice of communism developed by Stalin, which included rigid authoritarianism, widespread use of terror, and often emphasis on Russian nationalism.
• Any rigid centralized authoritarian form of government or rule.

Stavka (Russian: Ста́вка) (historical) The general headquarters of armed forces in late Imperial Russia and in the former Soviet Union.

Streltsy singular strelitz, plural strelitzes or strelitzi (Russian: стрельцы́; singular: стреле́ц strelets, «bowman») (historical) Units of armed guards created by Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century and later abolished by Peter the Great.

Tovarishch also Tovarich (Russian: това́рищ IPA [tɐˈvarʲɪɕɕ], tovarishch, «close friend», referring to the noun това́р tovar, «merchandise»); In the former Soviet Union, a comrade; often used as a form of address.

Tsar also czar, tzar, csar, and zar (Russian: царь [t͡sarʲ], English : from Latin Caesar).

• (historical) Title of a Southern Slav ruler, as in Bulgaria (913–1018, 1185–1422, and 1908–1946) and Serbia (1346–1371).
• (historical) Title for the emperor of Russia from about 1547 to 1917, although the term after 1721 officially only referred to the Russian emperor’s sovereignty over formerly independent states.
• (latter part of the 20th century) A person with great authority or power in a particular area, e.g., drug czar (spelled only as «czar» in this usage).

Tsarina also tsaritsa (formerly spelled czaritsa), czarina, German zarin, French tsarine (Russian: цари́ца) (Russian, etymology from tsar) (historical) The wife of a tsar; also the title for the empress of Russia.

Tsarevna also czarevna (Russian царе́вна, etymology from tsar).

• (historical) The daughter of a tsar
• The wife of a tsarevitch

Tsarevich also tsesarevich, czarevich, tzarevitch Russian: царе́вич, early 18th century, from tsar + patronymic -evich (historical) The eldest son of an emperor of Russia; the male heir to a tsar.

Tysyatsky also tysiatsky (Russian: ты́сяцкий) (sometimes translated as dux or Heerzog but more correctly meaning thousandman; sometimes translated into the Greek chilliarch, literally meaning «rule of a thousand») (historical) A military leader in Ancient Rus who commanded a people’s volunteer army called tysyacha (Russian: ты́сяча), or a thousand.

Ukase (Russian: ука́з [ʊˈkas] ordinance, edict, from указывать, ukazat, to show) (pronunciation:^[10] /juːˈkeɪs/; yoo-KASE), a decree:

1. (historical) In Imperial Russia, a proclamation or edict of the ruling tsar or tsarina, the Russian government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law
2. (historical) In the former Soviet Union, a government edict issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and subject to later ratification by the Supreme Soviet
3. In the Russian Federation, a presidential decree

Uskoreniye (Russian: ускоре́ние, literally «acceleration») A slogan and policy initiated in 1985 by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, aimed at the acceleration of social and economic development of the Soviet Union.

Votchina also otchina (Russian: во́тчина (о́тчина) «father’s heritage») (historical)

1. An East Slavic land estate that could be inherited
2. The land owned by a knyaz

Yevsektsiya also Yevsektsia (Russian: ЕвСе́кция) (from the abbreviation of the phrase «Евре́йская се́кция» Yevreyskaya sektsiya) (historical) The Jewish section of the Soviet Communist party that was created in 1918 to challenge and eventually destroy the rival Bund and Zionist parties, suppress Judaism and «bourgeois nationalism», and replace traditional Jewish culture with «proletarian culture». It was disbanded in 1929.

Zampolit (Russian замполи́т, the abbreviation of (зам)еститель командира по (полит)ической части, «deputy commander (political)) A military or political commissar.

Zek (Russian abbreviation of ЗаКлючённый (З/К), zaklyuchennyi (Z/K), «incarcerated») (historical) In the former Soviet Union, a person held in a forced labour camp, known as Gulag, or in a prison.

Zemshchina (from Russian земля́ zemlya, «earth» or «land») (historical) The territory under the rule of the boyars who stayed in Moscow during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. It was separate from the rule of Ivan’s own territory, which was administered by the Oprichnina.

Zemsky Sobor (Russian: зе́мский собо́р) (Russian assembly of the land) (historical) The first Russian parliament of the feudal estates type during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Zemstvo (Russian: зе́мство) (historical) A district and provincial assembly in Russia from 1864 to 1917.

Religious[edit]

Beglopopovtsy also Beglopopovtsy (Russian: Беглопоповцы, «people with runaway priests») (historical) A denomination of the Old Believers that included priests who had deserted the Russian Orthodox Church during the Raskol.

Bespopovtsy also Bespopovtsy (Russian: Беспоповцы, «priestless») A denomination of the Old Believers that rejected the priests and a number of church rites, such as the Eucharist.

Chlysty also Khlysts, Khlysty (Russian: Хлысты) (invented Russian word Христоверы, transliteration Khristovery, «Christ-believers»; later critics corrupted the name, mixing it with the word хлыст khlyst, meaning «whip») (historical) A Christian sect in Russia that split from the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century and renounced the priesthood, holy books, and veneration of the saints. They were noted for their practice of asceticism, which included ecstatic rituals.

Doukhobor plural Doukhobors or Doukhabors (also Dukhobory or Dukhobortsy) (Russian: Духоборы/Духоборцы) (Russian doukhobor, literally «spirit wrestlers») A Christian sect, later defined as a religious philosophy, ethnic group, and social movement, which in the 18th century rejected secular government, the Russian Orthodox priests, icons, all church ritual, the Bible as the supreme source of divine revelation, and the divinity of Jesus. Widely persecuted by the Russian tsarist regimes, many of them immigrated to Canada in the late 19th century.

Edinoverie (Russian: Единоверие, «unity in faith») The practice of integrating Old Believer communities into the official Russian Orthodox Church while preserving their rites. Its adherents are Edinovertsy, «people of the same faith».

Imiaslavie also Imiabozhie, Imyaslavie, Imyabozhie; also referred to as Onomatodoxy (Russian: Имяславие, «glorification of the name (of God)»

Lipovans also known as Lippovans, or Russian Old Believers. A religious sect that separated from the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century, now mostly living in Romanian Dobruja.

Molokan (Russian: Молока́не, from Russian moloko, «milk») A Christian sect that broke away from the Russian Orthodox Church in the mid-16th century and rejected many traditional Christian beliefs, including the veneration of religious icons, the Trinity, the worship in cathedrals, and the adherence to saintly holidays.

Pomortsy (Russian: Древлеправославная Поморская Церковь) Branch of the priestless faction of the Old Believers.

Popovtsy also The Popovtsy or Popovschina (Russian: Поповцы, Поповщина, «priestist people») A branch of the Old Believers who strived to have priests of their own.

Raskol also Raskolnik Russian: раско́л [rɐˈskol] (Russian, meaning «split» or «schism») The schism of the Russian Orthodox Church that was triggered by the 1653 reforms of Patriarch Nikon.

Rodnovery (Russian: Родноверие, «way of the people» or «way of the tribe»). A new religious movement from Russia and other Slavic countries that attempts to revive the pre-Christian beliefs of the ancient Slavs. Adherents of the Rodnovery religion, or anything related to Rodnovery, are known in English as Rodnover.

Rogozhskoe Soglasie (name from a Moscow cemetery called Rogozhskoe cemetery (Russian: Рогожское кладбище)). A denomination among the Popovtsy Old Believers.

Shaman (Russian: шама́н [ʂɐ’man], from the Evenki language). A tribal priest who enters an altered state of consciousness to commune with spirits.

Skoptzy plural Skopets, also Skoptsy, Skoptzi, Skoptsi, Scoptsy (Russian: скопцы, from Russian, meaning «castrated one») (historical). A Russian religious sect that practiced self-castration.

Starets (Russian: ста́рец old man, elder). A Russian religious spiritual leader, teacher, or counsellor.

Yurodivy (Russian: юродивый, jurodivyj). A form of Eastern Orthodox asceticism in which one intentionally acts foolish in the eyes of men; a Holy Fool.

Znamennoe singing, also Znamenny Chant (Russian: Знаменное пение or знаменный распев). The traditional liturgical singing in the Russian Orthodox Church.

Technical, special[edit]

Chernozem^[3] (Russian: чернозём; from Russian черный, cherniy, «black» + Slavonic base зем, zem, «soil») A dark, humus-rich, fertile soil characteristic of temperate or cool grasslands, especially referring to the soil of the Russian steppes.

Baidarka (Russian: байда́рка, «small boat»; a diminutive form of baidar, «boat») A type of sea kayak originally made by the Aleut people of Alaska.

Elektrichka (Russian: электри́чка, informal word for elektropoezd Russian: электропо́езд, «electric train») An electric commuter.

Fortochka (Russian: фо́рточка) A small ventilation window spanning the frame of one window pane.

Kalashnikov Alternative name for the AK-47 assault rifle (AK-47, short for Russian: Автома́т Кала́шникова образца́ 1947 го́да, Avtomat Kalashnikova obraztsa 1947 goda Automatic Kalashnikov rifle, invented by Soviet soldier and small-arms designer Mikhail Kalashnikov and first adopted in 1947; the term «kalashnikov» was not used until 1970) A type of rifle or sub-machine gun from the Soviet Union, used in most Eastern Bloc countries during the Cold War.

Ledoyom, intermontane depressions filled with glaciers

Liman (Russian and Ukrainian: лима́н) (from Greek λιμένας, «bay» or «port») A type of lake or lagoon formed at the mouth of a river, blocked by a bar of sediments, especially referring to such features along the Danube River and the Black Sea.

Marshrutka (Russian: маршру́тка, [mɐrˈʂrutkə]; Russian, from marshrutnoye taxi, Russian Mаршрутное такси, literally «routed taxicab»). A share taxi used in the CIS and Bulgaria. In Ukraine and Russia, these are usually large vans (GAZelle, modified Ford Transit, or similar) or sometimes mini- or midibuses.

Mirovia (Russian: мирово́й) (from Russian mirovoy, «global», from mir, «world) A hypothesized paleo-ocean that may have been a global ocean surrounding the supercontinent of Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic era, about one billion to 750 million years ago.

Mormyshka also Mormishka, Marmooska (Russian: мормы́шка) (from Russian mormysh, «freshwater shrimp» (Gammaurus) A type of fishing lure or a jig.

Podsol also Podzol, Spodosol (Russian подзо́л, from под pod, «under» and зол zol, «ash») Any group of soils characterized by greyish-white leached and infertile topsoil and a brown subsoil, typically found in regions with a subpolar climate.

Polynia also polynya, polynia (Russian: полынья́; [pəlɨˈnʲja]) A non-linear area of open water surrounded by sea ice; especially referring to areas of sea in the Arctic and Antarctic regions that remain unfrozen for much of the year.

Redan (French word for «projection», «salient», after Russian Реда́н redan, a type of fort that was captured by the British during the Crimean War) A type of fortification work in a V-shaped salient angle toward an expected attack.

Rodinia (from the Russian ро́дина, «motherland») Name given to hypothesized supercontinent said to have existed from one billion to 800 million years ago.

Rasputitsa (Russian: распу́тица) The twice-annual season when roads become muddy and impassable in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine due to the melting snows in the spring and heavy rains in the fall.

Solonchak (Russian солонча́к, «salt marsh», from Russian соль, sol, «salt») A pale or grey soil type found in arid to sub-humid, poorly drained conditions.

Solonetz (from Russian солоне́ц, solonetz, «salt not produced by boiling», from Russian соль, sol, «salt») An alkaline soil type having a hard, dark subsoil under a thin, friable topsoil, formed by the leaching of salts from a solonchak.

Tokamak (Russian: токама́к, an abbreviation of the Russian words тороидальная камера в магнитных катушках, toroidal’naya kamera v magnitnykh katushkakh, toroidal chamber in magnetic coils (Tochamac), invented in the 1950s) In nuclear fusion, a toroidal apparatus in which plasma is contained by means of two magnetic fields, a strong toroidal field, and a weaker poloidal field generated by an intense electric current through the plasma.

Zastruga (zastrugi; Russian sing. застру́га, zastruga, pl. застру́ги, zastrugi; from стругать, «to whittle») Sharp, irregular grooves or ridges formed on a snow surface by wind erosion, saltation of snow particles, and deposition, and found in polar and temperate snow regions.

Obsolete Russian weights and measures:

• Pood also pud (Russian: пуд) (largely obsolete) A unit of mass in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine equal to 40 funt (фунт, Russian pound), or approximately 16.38 kilograms (36.11 pounds). It is still used in metal weights, produced for heavy lifting sports (items by 16, 24, 32 kg).
• Verst (Russian: верста́, versta) An obsolete Russian unit of length or distance defined as being 500 sazhen long, equivalent to 3,500 feet (.66 miles/1.0668 kilometres).

Vigorish (Russian: выигрыш, vyigrysh, «winnings») The amount charged by a bookmaker for taking a bet from a gambler.

Animals and plants[edit]

Beluga (sturgeon)^[3] (from Russian белу́га, beluga, a derivative from белый, white) A large kind of sturgeon.

Beluga (whale)^[3] (from Russian белу́ха belukha, a derivative of белый, white) A type of white whale.

Corsac (from Russian корса́к, korsák, the name for the species) A type of fox.

Khramulya (Russian: храму́ля) The name of several fish species of the family Cyprinidae: Anatolian Khramulya, Colchic Khramulya, and Sevan khramulya.

Lenok (Russian: лено́к; otherwise known as Asiatic trout or Manchurian trout) A genus, Brachymystax, of salmonid fishes.

Saiga (from Russian сайга́, the name for the species) A type of antelope.

Sheltopusik (also Scheltopusik; Russian: желтопу́зик, literally «yellow-bellied») European legless lizard (Pseudopus apodus).

Various[edit]

Banya^[3] (Russian: ба́ня) A traditional Russian steam bath.

Bayan (Russian: бая́н) (named after Boyan, a mythical Slavic bard) A type of chromatic button accordion developed in Russia in the early 20th century.

Belomorkanal (Russian: Беломоркана́л)

1. White Sea – Baltic Canal (Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal, abbreviated as BBK; its original name was Беломо́рско-Балти́йский кана́л и́мени Ста́лина Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal imeni Stalina, «Stalin White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal», «Stalin» was dropped in 1961 and the name was abbreviated to Belomorkanal). A shipping canal (opened in 1933) that joins the White Sea with Lake Onega, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea.
2. Belomorkanal, a brand of cheap Soviet cigarettes.

Burlak (Russian: бурла́к) (Tatar bujdak, «homeless»; or old Middle-German bûrlach, originating from an artel [арте́ль] or working team with fixed rules) A Russian epithet for a person who hauled barges and other vessels down dry or shallow waterways from the 17th to the 20th century.

Bylina^[3] (Russian: были́на, «[tale of] a past event»; plural: были́ны byliny) (Adaptation of Old Russian bylina, a word that occurred in The Song of Igor’s Campaign, taken to mean «tale of a past event»; the term «bylina» came into use in the 1830s as a scholarly name for what is popularly called «starina»; although byliny originated in the 10th century, or possibly earlier, they were first written down around the 17th century) A traditional form of orally transmitted Russian epic and heroic narrative poetry of the early East Slavs of Kievan Rus from the 10th to 12th century, a tradition that continued in Russian and Ukrainian history.

Cantonists singular Cantonist (Russian: кантони́сты; the term adapted from Prussian for «recruiting district») (historical) Boys, often sons of military conscripts, who attended a type of military school called a canton (Russian: кантони́стские шко́лы), a school that was originally established by Peter the Great; in the 1820s, the term was applied to Jewish boys drafted into the Russian army.

Chainik (Russian: ча́йник, «tea kettle»)

Chastushka^[3] (Russian: часту́шка, derives from «часто» – «frequently», or from части́ть – old word that means «to do something with high frequency», probably referring to the high tempo of chastushkas). A traditional type of short Russian humorous folkloric song with high beat frequency that consists of one four-lined couplet full of humour, satire, or irony. Chastushkas are typically sung one after another.

Dacha (Russian: да́ча) A country house or cottage in Russia.
In archaic Russian, the word dacha means «something given». Initially, they were small estates in the country, given to loyal vassals by the tsar. Typical Soviet dachas were small land plots given by the state to city dwellers, who built summer houses on them.

Dedovshchina (Russian: дедовщи́на) (from Russian ded, «grandfather», Russian army slang equivalent of «gramps», meaning soldiers in their third or fourth half-year of conscription, + suffix -shchina – order, rule, or regime; hence «rule of the grandfathers»)
A system of hazing in the Soviet and Russian armies.

GUM (Russian: ГУМ, pronounced as goom, in full Главный Универсальный Магазин, Glavnyi Universalnyi Magazin acronym for Main Universal Store) A common name for the main department store in many cities of the former Soviet Union and some post-Soviet states; especially referring to the GUM facing Red Square in Moscow.

Izba also Isba (origin 1775–85, Russian изба́, izbá; Old Russian istŭba, house, bath; Serbo-Croatian ìzba, small room, shack; Czech jizba, room; Old Czech jistba, jizdba, all from Slavic *jĭstŭba ≪ VL *extūfa, with short u, perhaps from Germanic *stuba) A traditional log house in rural Russia, with an unheated entrance room and a single living and sleeping room heated by a clay or brick stove.

Junker (Russia) (Russian: ю́нкер) (from Middle High German junc herre, «young nobleman», from Old High German jung, «young» + herro, «lord») (historical)

• A member of the privileged, militaristic landowning class in Germany; a Prussian aristocrat
• A German military officer, especially one who is autocratic
• (1864–1917) A student who attended a type of Russian military school called a Junker school
• Former rank of a volunteer in the Russian Navy in the 19th and 20th centuries

Katorga (Russian: ка́торга, from Greek: katergon, κάτεργον, «galley») (historical) A form of penal servitude during Tsarist Russia, later transformed into the Gulags after the Bolshevik takeover of Russia.

Khodebshchik (Russian: ходе́бщик) A person carrying an advertisement hoarding, or a peddler.

Mat (Russian: мат, or ма́терный язы́к) Russian profanity meaning «mother».

Muzhik (Russian: мужи́к) A Russian peasant; used as a topical calque in translations of Russian prose.

Padonki (Russian: падонки, corrupted подо́нки, meaning «riff-raff», «scoundrel», «scum») A subculture within the Russian-speaking internet characterized by choosing alternative spellings for words for comic effect.

Palochka (Russian: па́лочка, «little stick») A typographical symbol of the Cyrillic alphabet that looks like the Latin uppercase letter «I»; it is used as modifier letter in some Caucasus languages.

Preved (Russian: Преве́д) A Russian internet slang word, corrupted form of «privet» (приве́т) – «hi», «greetings».

Sambo (Russian: са́мбо) (Russian acronym for САМозащи́та Без Ору́жия, SAMozashchita Bez Oruzhiya, «self-defense without a weapon») A modern martial art, combat sport, and self-defense system originally developed in the former Soviet Union.

Samizdat (Russian: самизда́т) (Russian сам, sam, «self»; and издат, izdat, short for izdatelstvo – «publishing house», hence «self published») (historical) In the former Soviet Union, the system by which government-suppressed literature was clandestinely written, printed, and distributed; the term is also applied to the literature itself.

Sbiten (Russian: сби́тен) (historical) A traditional East Slavic hot winter beverage.

Sbitenshchik (Russian: сби́тенщик) (historical) A vendor who sold sbiten.

Sharashka also Sharaga, Sharazhka (Russian: шара́шка IPA: [ʂɐˈraʂkə]) (Russian slang for the expression sharashkina kontora, «Sharashka’s office», possibly from the radical meaning «to beat about», an ironic, derogatory term to denote a poorly organized, impromptu, or bluffing organization) (historical) Informal name for the secret research and development laboratories in the Soviet Union’s Gulag labor camp system.

Tamizdat (from Russian тамизда́т: там, tam, meaning «there» and издат, izdat, short for изда́тельство, izdatelstvo, «publishing house») In the former Soviet Union, literary works published outside the country without permission of Soviet authorities.

Zaum (Russian: за́умь or зау́мный язы́к, zaumnyy yazyk) (from the Russian prefix за, «beyond, behind» and the noun ум, «mind») A type of poetry used by Russian Futurist poets.

See also[edit]

• Lists of English words of international origin
• List of English words of Ukrainian origin, many of which also appear in Russian or are closely related
• Cyrillic script
• Runglish
• Volapuk encoding
• Nadsat, a constructed argot with many Russian loanwords

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

• The American Heritage Dictionary (2006) Fourth edition, published by Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-82517-2
• Ayto, John (1999). 20th Century Words. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-860230-8
• Hendrickson, Robert (1997) Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins. Checkmark Books, ISBN 0-8160-4088-5
• Kabakchi, Victor V. (1997), «Russianisms in Modern English: loans and calques», Journal of English Linguistics, 25: 8–49, doi:10.1177/007542429702500103, S2CID 143564725
• Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (1995) Tenth edition, published by Merriam-Webster, ISBN 0-87779-709-9
• The New Oxford American Dictionary (2005) Second edition, published by Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6
• Pyles, T. (1964). The Origin and Development of the English Language. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
• Speake, Jennifer (ed.) (1997). The Oxford Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-861051-3
• Webster’s New World College Dictionary (1997) Third edition, published by Macmillan, ISBN 0-02-861673-1

External links[edit]

• 1,000 most common Russian words – with English translations
• English and Russian: Similarities and Differences, by Laurianne Sumerset

The Russian language is rich not only with its own words, but also with words borrowed from other languages. For English speakers looking to learn the language, studying English loanwords in Russian is a great way to quickly expand your vocabulary and make Russian seem less daunting. 

We’ve prepared a list of English words in Russian that you can start using right away. We’ve also included a section about Russian words in the English language to further broaden your horizons. 

Let’s get to it!

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Runglish
2. Runglish Examples
3. Loanwords vs. Runglish
4. How to Say These Names in Russian
5. English Words Derived From the Russian Language
6. English-Russian Paronyms
7. Conclusion

Introduction to Runglish

Runglish, also known as Ruglish or Russlish, is a special form of pidgin language which combines both Russian and English elements. This term became popular in the early 2000s, when Runglish was widely used aboard the International Space Station. The thing was that all the crew members spoke English and Russian, so when somebody was short of words in one language, he or she would find equivalents in the other language. Finally, Runglish obtained its status as one of the onboard languages.

Runglish words are mostly used by two categories of people. The first category is Russian emigrants, particularly those who currently live in the U.S.A. The second are Russian teenagers who study English at school, listen to English and American music, watch movies in English, and so on. It’s worth noting that old people don’t understand Runglish and have a highly negative attitude toward it.

Judging by this photo, the need for Runglish aboard still exists.

Runglish Examples

So what exactly would speaking Runglish sound like? Here are a few examples to give you an idea. 

Ивент (ivent) – “event”

This is the Runglish version of the word “event,” which originally refers to any occasion, such as a birthday party or meeting. In Runglish, it has a slightly different meaning. It’s mostly applied to big and resonant public occasions. For example:

Ивент месяца: Дэвид и Виктория Бэкхем отмечают годовщину свадьбы.

Ivent mesyatsa: Devid i Viktoriya Bekkhem otmechayut godovshchinu svad’by.

“Event of the month: David and Victoria Beckham are celebrating their twenty-year wedding anniversary.”

Боди (bodi) – “bodysuit”

While the English word “body” is not associated with wardrobe at all, the Russian word боди (bodi) is used for this female clothing item because it fits the body snugly. Let’s look at an example:

Вчера я купила себе очень классное боди.

Vchera ya kupila sebe ochen’ klassnoye bodi.

“Yesterday, I bought a very cool bodysuit for myself.”

Фейс-контроль (feys-kontrol’) – “doorman”

The Runglish word фейс-контроль (feys-kontrol’) has two meanings: 

1. A man who works at public places like nightclubs or bars to provide security

2. The process of providing security itself

In both cases, you can see that Russian ‘doormen’ differ from American and English ‘doormen.’

In Russia and other post-Soviet countries, фейс-контроль (feys-kontrol’) may prohibit you from visiting a public place without any explanation, just because he or she doesn’t like your appearance. It’s not like in the U.S.A. or England, where a doorman can only stop you at the entrance if you’re under the age of 21, intoxicated, aggressive, or if your clothing doesn’t match the dress code.

Now that we’ve explained this a bit, let’s look at an example of how this word is used in Runglish:

На входе в ресторан меня встретил серьёзный фейс-контроль.

Na vkhode v restoran menya vstretil ser’yoznyy feys-kontrol’.

“A serious doorman met me at the restaurant entrance.”

Loanwords vs. Runglish

Unlike Runglish, loanwords are borrowed English words in the Russian language that are used without significant changes in their meaning. As a result, native English speakers can understand them easily. Most English loanwords in Russian appear in the spheres of social networking, computer technologies, finances, politics, sports, food, and clothing. 

Here is a brief list of basic English words in Russian:

• блогер (bloger) – “blogger”
• файл (fayl) – “file”
• брокер (broker) – “broker”
• президент (prezident) – “president”
• теннис (tennis) – “tennis”
• спикер (spiker) – “speaker”
• ток-шоу (tok-shou) – “talk show”
• ростбиф (rostbif) – “roast beef”
• чипсы (chipsy) – “chips”
• свитер (sviter) – “sweater”

How to Say These Names in Russian

Many Russian people are curious about Western culture and lifestyle. It comes as no surprise that famous English names and brand names are well-known not only in their respective countries of origin, but also in Russia and other Russian-speaking countries. And of course, these names have Russian equivalents. Let’s have a look at some examples:

• МакДоналдс (MakDonalds) – “McDonald’s”
• Волмарт (Volmart) – “Walmart” 
• Найк (Nayk) – “Nike”
• Конверс (Konvers) – “Converse”
• Форрест Гамп (Forrest Gamp) – “Forrest Gump”
• Джек Лондон (Dzhek London) – “Jack London”
• Брэд Питт (Bred Pitt) – “Brad Pitt”
• Бейонсе (Beyonse) – “Beyonce”
• Мэрилин Монро (Merilin Monro) – “Marilyn Monroe”
• Дональд Трамп (Donal’d Tramp) – “Donald Trump”

Russian people may not be as passionate about fast food as Americans, but they love it anyway!

English Words Derived From the Russian Language

English speakers don’t even realize how many of the words they regularly use were borrowed from other languages. There aren’t very many Russian words in the English language, but we’ve found some of them for you. 

“Intelligentsia”

When this word first appeared in English, it was only applied to Russians. “Intelligentsia” was borrowed from the Russian word интеллигенция (intelligentsiya). In both languages, it refers to a class of highly educated people. 

В Москве я познакомился с русской интеллигенцией.

V Moskve ya poznakomilsya s russkoy intelligentsiyey.

“In Moscow, I got to know the Russian intelligentsia.”

“Babushka”

Unlike many other Russian words in the English language, this word is polysemantic in its host language but not its original language. In English, its first meaning is a scarf tied under the chin and the second meaning is an old woman. “Babushka” came from the word бабушка (babushka), which is an affectionate term Russians use to call their grandmothers. By the way, in Russian this word has nothing to do with scarves, so its first English meaning seems a bit funny to many Russian speakers. 

Моя бабушка печёт вкусные пирожки.

Moya babushka pechyot vkusnyye pirozhki.

“My grandmother bakes delicious pies.”

We all love our babushkas!

“Mammoth”

Another English word derived from Russian, “mammoth” comes from the word мамонт (mamont) which, in turn, came from the Yakut language. The word mamma means “earth,” from the notion that this huge animal was found in the ground. Besides this, the English word “mammoth” is also used to refer to something of enormous size. 

Мамонты вымерли из-за глобальных изменений климата.

Mamonty vymerli iz-za global’nykh izmeneniy klimata.

“Mammoths died out due to the global climatic changes.”

English-Russian Paronyms

Some words exist in both English and Russian, but have absolutely different meanings in these two languages. However, they’re not related to Runglish or English loanwords in Russian. Language learners call them “false friends of the translator.” Let’s look at some of these insidious words together!

“Artist” – артист (artist)

While the English word refers to painters, its Russian version артист (artist) has nothing to do with brushes and paints. In the Russian language, it refers to an actor, singer, or anyone who is performing onstage. Its English equivalent is “performer.” For example:

Элтон Джон – хороший артист.

Elton Dzhon – khoroshiy artist.

“Elton John is a good performer.”

“Killer” – киллер (killer)

In English, the word “killer” is applicable to any person who has comitted a murder. In Russian, the word киллер (killer) is used to describe someone who gets paid for killing other people. It has the same meaning as the English word “hitman.” For instance:

Главный герой в фильме “Леон” – киллер.

Glavnyy geroyl v fil’me “Leon” – killer.

“The main character in ‘Leon: The Professional’ is a hitman.”

This iconic frame needs no introduction.

“Smoking” – смокинг (smoking)

While English speakers associate the word “smoking” with cigarettes, Russian speakers use the word смокинг (smoking) to refer to a man’s evening suit. Many years ago, there was a type of jacket for men to wear when smoking cigars, which was aptly called a smoking jacket. In English, this word has been replaced with “tuxedo” or “tux.” Let’s see how the Russian version would be used:

Этот смокинг ему идёт.

Etot smoking emu idyot.

“This tuxedo suits him.”

Conclusion

In this article, you learned several English loanwords in Russian, how the language phenomenon of Runglish works, and much more. How attentive were you? List some of the words you remember in the comments section, or let us know if there are any others you know about. 

Now it’s time for you to move forward and learn even more! RussianPod101.com provides a variety of learning materials for students at every level: themed vocabulary lists, free resources, engaging audio and video lessons, and the list goes on. 

If you don’t have much time to dive into the finer points of Russian vocabulary or grammar on your own, you can use our Premium PLUS service MyTeacher and take private lessons with a native speaker. We can assure you that it’ll save you countless hours you would otherwise spend struggling to memorize words or understand grammar points.

Happy Russian learning!

List of Russian words similar to English (cognates)

Did you know that there are approximately 2000 words that are similar

in both Russian and English languages!

Yes, you heard it right! These words are called cognates — they sound almost the same and have the same meaning. As you can see, Russian and English are not completely alien languages as they both come from the same Indo-European language family. So, if you are just starting learning Russian language you already know at least 800 Russian words (because the rest are mainly medical or political terms we don’t use in everyday life).

And the good news is that many of these Russian-English similar words and cognates can be learned very quickly as the follow the same system of word formation. In simple words, their endings correspond to each other and as long as you know which Russian ending corresponds to its English equivalent, you can form these words easily.

You just need to pronounce them with a Russian pronunciation. Isn’t it amazing?

It is curious to see how languages are flexible and constantly evolving. Some of these words are cognates of the same Indo-European origin, others have been borrowed from languages, like German, French, English, Greek and Latin.

Ok, let’s begin! You can watch this video first to learn the main word endings of Russian-English cognates and check yourself by playing a game. After watching this video you will find more Russian-English similar words divided by topics down below (after a brief summary).

Free Russian Video Lesson — Russian words similar to English

Brief summary of the video «Russian-English cognates and similar words»

Pay attention to the endings of words. In some cases it is quite easy to form a Russian word from its English equivalent:

• English words which end in ‘TION‘, ‘CION’, ‘SION‘ are equivalent to Russian words ending with ‘ЦИЯ‘ or ‘СИЯ‘.

• English words ending with a letter ‘Y‘ correspond to Russian words ending with ‘ИЯ’ Example: ‘категория‘ = category (But it is not a general rule, so be careful).

• English words ending on ‘LOGY‘ and ‘TICS‘/’MICS’ are of Greek origin and havetheir equivalents in Russian language as ‘ЛОГИЯ‘ И ‘ТИКА‘/’МИКА’ accordingly.

• Many professions and job titles share the same ending in English and Russian:
  ER (eng) = ЕР (ru) like in designer (дизайнер);
  ER (eng) can also be transformed in ЁР in Russian like in partner (партнер); OR (eng) = ОР (ru) like in doctor (доктор); OR (eng) can also be transformed in ЁР in Russian like in actor (актёр);
  Less frequent is the ending EUR (eng) which is usually ЁР in Russian — shauffeur = шофёр.
  It is also the case for some words in a professional sphere.
  Examples: Factor = фактор, printer = принтер, etc.

• There are tons of Anglicisms (modern words borrowed from English language) which Russian people use everyday without even noticing it. You can even pronounce these words as they are and most Russian people will understand them

But be careful using them as an older generation (especially ‘babushkas’) might not understand you and even tell you some bad words (it’s a joke). Some really interesting examples of modern Anglicisms are the following:

ЮЗЕР = user; a Russian word for this is ‘пользователь’ (pól’zavatel’)

ПАССВОРД = password; a Russian word for this is ‘пароль’ (paról’)

КОУЧИНГ = coaching; a Russian word for this is ‘обучение’ (abuchéniye)

ОКЕЙ = ok; a Russian word for this is ‘хорошо’ (harashó)

ГОУ = let’s go; a Russian word for this is ‘пойдем’ (paidém)

УИКЕНД = weekend; a Russian word for this is ‘выходные’ (vyhadn’ýye) …and so many others that I am not going to give you because you need to learn more real Russian words! (even though many of them are also borrowed from other languages).

• The ending ‘IST’ of Greek origin means «one who does or makes» is equivalent to a suffix ‘ИСТ’ in words like «optimist» (оптимист), egoist (эгоист), journalist (журналист), etc.

• Many adjectives borrowed from English have the ending -НЫЙ: эмоциональный — emotional, интересный — interesting, серьёзный — serious.

Now let’s learn some most frequent Russian-English cognates and similar words.

Here is a list of Russian-English cognates divided by categories.

1. Work and business

Администрация [administrátsiya] – administration

Ассоциация [asatsiátsiya] — association

Бизнес [bíznes] — business

Брифинг [brífink] — briefing

Бюджет [byudzhét] – budget

Вакансия [vakánsiya] — vacancy

Дедлайн [dedláin] – deadline

Дело [délo] – deal, affair

Документ [dakument] — document

Интервью [interv’yú] — interview

Контракт [kantrákt] — contract

Клиент [kliyént] – a client

Компания [kampániya] – company

Коллега [kaléga] – a colleague

Концепция [kantséptsiya] – conception, concept

Корпорация [karparátsiya] -corporation

2. Education and Science

Академия [akadémiya] — academy

Аббревиатура [abreviatúra] — abbreviation

Анализ [anális] – analysis

Анатомия [anatómiya] — anatomy

Биология [bialógiya] — biology

География [geagráphiya] — geography

Геометрия [geamétriya] — geometry

Диссертация [disertátsiya] — dissertation

Информатика [infarmátika] — informatics

История [istóriya] – history

Колледж [kóledzh] – college

Литература [literatúra] — literature

Математика [matemátika] – mathematics

Педагогика [pedagógika] — pedagogics

Профессор [prafésar] – professor

Психология [psihalógiya] — psychology

3. Оccupations

Архитектор [arhitéktar] – an architect

Архитектура [arhitektúra] — architecture

Актёр [aktyór] – an actor

Актриса [aktrísa] – an actress

Аниматор [animátor] – an animator

Адвокат [advakát] – an advocate

Ассистент [asistént] – an assistant

Агент [agént] – an agent

Бизнесмен [biznesmén] – a businessman

Бизнесвумен [bizneswúmen] – a businesswoman

Гид [git] – a guide

Дизайнер [dizáiner] – a designer

Дизайн [dizáin] — design

Доктор [dókta] – a doctor

Журналист [zhurnalíst] – a journalist

Журнал [zhurnál] – journal

4. Media and communication (mainly words borrowed from English)

Аккаунт [akáunt] – account

Батарея [batare ́ya] – battery

Баланс [baláns] – balance

Блог [blok] — blog

Блоггер [blóger] – blogger

Видео [vídeo] – video

Вебсайт [websáit] — website

Браузер [bráuzer] — browser

Гуглить [gúglit’] — to google

Диск [disk] — disc

Девайс [deváis] — device

Дисплей [displéy] — display

Идея [idéya] — idea

Интернет [internét] — internet

Информация [infarmátsiya] — information

Контакт [kantákt] — contact

Кликать [klíkat’] – to click

Камера [kámera] — camera

Коммуникация [kamunikátsiya] — communication

Лайкать [láikat’] – to give likes on social media platforms

5. House and household supplies

Адрес [ádres] – address

Антенна [anténna] — antenna

Балкон [balkón] – balcony

Блендер [blénder] — blender

Ваза [váza] — vase

Вилла [vílla] — villa

Гараж [garásh] – garage

Комфорт [kamfórt] — comfort

Кондиционер [kanditsionér] – conditioner

Лифт [lift] – lift, elevator

Лампа [lámpa] — lamp

Миксер [míkser] — mixer

Туалет [tualét] — toilet

Тостер [tóster] — toaster

Терраса [terása] — terrace

Телефон [telefón] — telephone

Телевизор [televízor] — television set, TV

Холл [hol] – hall, hallway

Электричество [elektríchestvo] — electricity

6. City and Places

Автомобиль [avtamabíl’] – automobile

Арка [árka] – arc

Банк [bank] — bank

Барьер [bar’yér] – barrier

Индекс [índeks] – index

Контейнер [kantéiner] – container

Метро [metró] — metro

Павильон [pavil’yón] — pavilion

Парк [park] — park

Почта [póchta] — post

Парковка [parkóvka] — parking

Супермаркет [supermárket] — supermarket

Стадион [stadión] — stadium

Сквер [skver] — square, park

Станция [stántsiya] — station

Статуя [státuya] – statue

Территория [teritóriya] — territory

Трамвай [tramvái] – tramway

Такси [taksí] – taxi

Центр [tsentr] – centre

You can get a full list of 800 words with audio divided by topics in my SUPER guide on Russian-English cognates and similar words

You should get this guide for several reasons:

1) It will give you more confidence in learning Russian language, no matter

whether you are a beginner or an intermediate learner;

2) It is well-structured and provides the main categories of words that you

can instantly use in your speech (you will not find anything like this on the Internet, I have checked);

3) It is curious to see how languages are flexible and constantly evolving.

Some of these words are cognates of the same Indo-European origin, others have been borrowed from languages, like German, French, English, Greek and Latin.

Click this link to get a SUPER Guide on Russian-English similar words.

If you have recently started to learn Russian, you should absolutely download my free guide ‘Essential Russian Words and Expressions to Understand Spoken Russian’. This guide also contains audio files so that you can listen to these phrases on the go: while driving, walking, doing sport or brushing your teeth. Make sure that you repeat these phrases yourself and try to imitate my accent.

It’s also very important to know how to pronounce Russian words correctly as not every Russian letter is pronounced the same way as it’s written. There are certain Russian pronunciation rules that are really easy to learn.

Have you already checked my post on Russian-English false friends?

Then you are ready to take this test to check how well you know Russian-English cognates and false friends.

Test «Russian-English similar words and false friends»

Hello! My name is Mila and I am a founder of Hack Your Russian language platform. You can find me here:

YouTube, Instagram, Facebook

Patreon — exclusive materials

Udemy, Skillshare

Amazon

#learnRussian #RussianEnglishCognates #RussianWords #RussianVocabulary

Hello reader, welcome to our new article. Do you want to learn English to Russian words meaning or Russian to English words meaning? Yes, of course, you want to learn about it and that’s why you are reading this list of 3,000 English-Russian Words.

Dear student, we all know that English and Russian both languages are both famous so if anyone wants to learn any of these languages then he must have knowledge of English words as well as Russian words.

We talk to people every day and speak many sentences in English or Russian to get the conversation going. But if you want to learn a new language, then for this you have to learn to make sentences in that language, and to learn to make sentences, you should have knowledge about words in that language.

Guys, If you want to learn Russian from English or want to learn English from Russian and if you have knowledge of one of these two languages and the words of that language, then learning another language is not too difficult for you.

In first, learning English-Russian vocabulary is the best practice to learn any of this language. Here we are sharing the list of 3100 English to Russian or Russian to English word meaning vocabulary that can help you learn both languages as per your need.

English Word	Russian Word
a	Один
abandon	покидать
ability	способность
able	способный
abortion	аборт
about	о
above	выше
abroad	за рубеж
absence	отсутствие
absolute	абсолютный
absolutely	абсолютно
absorb	впитывать
abuse	злоупотреблять
academic	академический
accept	принимать
access	доступ
accident	авария
accompany	сопровождать
accomplish	выполнить
according	согласно
account	учетная запись
accurate	точный
accuse	обвинять
achieve	достигать
achievement	достижение
acid	кислота
acknowledge	сознавать
acquire	приобретать
across	через
act	действовать
action	действие
active	активный
activist	активист
activity	деятельность
actor	актер
actress	актриса
actual	действительный
actually	на самом деле
ad	объявление
adapt	адаптироваться
add	Добавить
addition	добавление
additional	дополнительный
address	адрес
adequate	адекватный
adjust	регулировать
adjustment	корректирование
administration	администрация
administrator	администратор
admire	восхищаться
admission	допуск
admit	признавать
adolescent	подросток
adopt	усыновить
adult	взрослый
advance	продвигать
advanced	передовой
advantage	преимущество
adventure	приключение
advertising	Реклама
advice	совет
advise	советовать
adviser	советник
advocate	защищать
affair	Роман
affect	оказывать воздействие
afford	предоставлять
afraid	боюсь
African	Африканский
African-American	Афроамериканец
after	после
afternoon	после полудня
again	опять таки
against	против
age	возраст
agency	агентство
agenda	повестка дня
agent	агент
aggressive	агрессивный
ago	назад
agree	дать согласие
agreement	соглашение
agricultural	сельскохозяйственный
ahead	предстоящий
aid	помогать
aide	помощник
AIDS	СПИД
aim	цель
air	воздух
aircraft	самолет
airline	авиакомпания
airport	аэропорт
album	альбом
alcohol	алкоголь
alive	в живых
all	все
alliance	союз
allow	разрешать
ally	союзник
almost	почти
alone	в одиночестве
along	вместе
already	уже
also	также
alter	изменить
alternative	альтернатива
although	несмотря на то что
always	всегда
am	являюсь
amazing	удивительный
American	Американец
among	среди
amount	количество
an	ан
analysis	анализ
analyst	аналитик
analyze	анализировать
ancient	древний
and	а также
anger	злость
angle	угол
angry	злой
animal	животное
anniversary	Годовщина
announce	объявить
annual	ежегодный
another	Другая
answer	отвечать
anticipate	предвидеть
anxiety	беспокойство
any	любой
anybody	кто-нибудь
anymore	больше
anyone	кто угодно
anything	что-нибудь
anyway	в любом случае
anywhere	в любом месте
apart	отдельно
apartment	квартира
apparent	очевидный
apparently	видимо
appeal	обращаться
appear	появляться
appearance	внешность
apple	яблоко
application	заявление
apply	подать заявление
appoint	назначать
appointment	деловое свидание, встреча
appreciate	ценить
approach	подход
appropriate	подходящее
approval	одобрение
approve	утвердить
approximately	примерно
Arab	Араб
architect	архитектор
are	находятся
area	площадь
argue	спорить
argument	аргумент
arise	возникать
arm	рука
armed	вооруженный
army	армия
around	около
arrange	договариваться
arrangement	договоренность
arrest	арестовать
arrival	пребытие
arrive	прибыть
art	Изобразительное искусство
article	статья
artist	художник
artistic	артистический
as	в качестве
Asian	Азиатский
aside	в стороне
ask	просить
asleep	спящий
aspect	аспект
assault	атаковать
assert	утверждать
assess	оценивать
assessment	оценка
asset	актив
assign	назначать
assignment	назначение
assist	помогать
assistance	помощь
assistant	помощник
associate	ассоциировать
association	ассоциация
assume	предполагать
assumption	предположение
assure	гарантировать
at	в
athlete	спортсмен
athletic	Спортивное
atmosphere	атмосфера
atom	атом
attach	прикреплять
attack	атака
attempt	пытаться
attend	присутствовать
attention	внимание
attitude	отношение
attorney	адвокат
attract	привлекать
attractive	привлекательный
attribute	атрибут
audience	зрительская аудитория
author	автор
authority	орган власти
auto	авто
available	доступный
average	в среднем
avoid	избегать
award	награда
aware	осведомленный
awareness	осведомленность
away	прочь
awful	ужасный
baby	детка
back	назад
background	фон
bad	плохой
badly	плохо
bag	сумка
bake	печь
balance	остаток средств
ball	мяч
ban	запретить
band	группа
bank	банк
bar	бар
barely	едва
barrel	бочка
barrier	барьер
base	база
baseball	бейсбол
basic	базовый
basically	по сути
basis	основа
basket	корзина
basketball	баскетбол
bat	летучая мышь
bathroom	ванная
battery	аккумулятор
battle	боевой
be	быть
beach	пляж
bean	фасоль
bear	нести
beat	бить
beautiful	красивая
beauty	Красота
because	потому что
become	стали
bed	кровать
bedroom	спальная комната
been	был
beer	пиво
before	до
began	началось
begin	начинать
beginning	начало
behavior	поведение
behind	позади
being	существование
belief	вера
believe	полагать
bell	колокол
belong	принадлежать
below	ниже
belt	пояс
bench	скамья
bend	сгибать
beneath	под
benefit	выгода
beside	рядом
besides	Помимо
best	Лучший
bet	держать пари
better	лучше
between	между
beyond	вне
Bible	Библия
big	большой
bike	велосипед
bill	законопроект
billion	миллиард
bind	связывать
biological	биологический
bird	птица
birth	рождение
birthday	день рождения
bit	немного
bite	кусать
black	чернить
blade	лезвие
blame	обвинять
blanket	покрывало на кровать
blind	слепой
block	блокировать
blood	кровь
blow	дуть
blue	синий
board	доска
boat	лодка
body	тело
bomb	бомбить
bombing	бомбардировка
bond	связь
bone	кость
book	книга
boom	бум
boot	ботинок
border	граница
born	Родился
borrow	одолжить
boss	босс
both	оба
bother	беспокоить
bottle	бутылка
bottom	Нижний
bought	купили
boundary	граница
bowl	чаша
box	коробка
boy	мальчик
boyfriend	парень
brain	головной мозг
branch	ветвь
brand	марка
bread	хлеб
break	перерыв
breakfast	завтрак
breast	грудь
breath	дыхание
breathe	дышать
brick	кирпич
bridge	мост
brief	краткий
briefly	кратко
bright	яркий
brilliant	блестящий
bring	приносить
British	Британский
broad	широкий
broke	сломанный
broken	сломанный
brother	брат
brought	принес
brown	коричневый
brush	щетка
buck	доллар
budget	бюджет
build	строить
building	строительство
bullet	пуля
bunch	связка
burden	груз
burn	гореть
bury	хоронить
bus	автобус
business	бизнес
busy	занятый
but	но
butter	масло
button	кнопка
buy	купить
buyer	покупатель
by	к
cabin	салон самолета
cabinet	кабинет
cable	кабель
cake	кекс
calculate	вычислить
call	вызов
came	пришел
camera	камера
camp	лагерь
campaign	кампания
campus	кампус
can	жестяная банка
Canadian	Канадский
cancer	рак
candidate	кандидат
cap	шапка
capability	способность
capable	способный
capacity	емкость
capital	столица
captain	капитан
capture	захватывать
car	автомобиль
carbon	углерод
card	карта
care	уход
career	карьера
careful	осторожный
carefully	осторожно
carrier	перевозчик
carry	нести
case	кейс
cash	наличные
cast	В ролях
cat	Кот
catch	ловить
category	категория
Catholic	Католик
caught	пойманный
cause	причина
ceiling	потолок
celebrate	праздновать
celebration	праздник
celebrity	знаменитость
cell	клетка
cent	цент
center	центр
central	центральный
century	век
CEO	Исполнительный директор
ceremony	церемония
certain	определенный
certainly	безусловно
chain	цепь
chair	стул
chairman	председатель
challenge	вызов
chamber	камера
champion	чемпион
championship	чемпионат
chance	шанс
change	изменение
changing	изменение
channel	канал
chapter	глава
character	персонаж
characteristic	характерная черта
characterize	охарактеризовать
charge	плата
charity	благотворительная деятельность
chart	Диаграмма
chase	гнаться
cheap	дешевый
check	проверить
cheek	щека
cheese	сыр
chef	повар
chemical	химический
chest	грудь
chick	цыпленок
chicken	курица
chief	главный
child	ребенок
childhood	детство
children	дети
Chinese	китайский язык
chip	чип
chocolate	шоколад
choice	выбор
cholesterol	холестерин
choose	выбирать
chord	аккорд
Christian	Христианин
Christmas	Рождество
church	церковь
cigarette	сигарета
circle	круг
circumstance	обстоятельство
citizen	гражданин
city	город
civil	гражданский
civilian	гражданское лицо
claim	требовать
class	класс
classic	классический
classroom	школьный класс
clean	чистый
clear	Чисто
clearly	четко
client	клиент
climate	климат
climb	взбираться
clinic	клиника
clinical	клинический
clock	Часы
close	близко
closely	близко
closer	ближе
clothe	одеть
clothes	одежда
clothing	одежда
cloud	облако
club	клуб
clue	Подсказка
cluster	кластер
coach	тренер
coal	каменный уголь
coalition	коалиция
coast	побережье
coat	Пальто
code	код
coffee	кофе
cognitive	познавательный
cold	холодно
collapse	крах
colleague	коллега
collect	собирать
collection	коллекция
collective	коллектив
college	колледж
colonial	колониальный
colony	колония
color	цвет
column	столбец
combination	комбинация
combine	комбинировать
come	прийти
comedy	комедия
comfort	комфорт
comfortable	комфортный
command	команда
commander	командир
comment	комментарий
commercial	коммерческий
commission	комиссия
commit	совершить
commitment	обязательство
committee	комитет
common	общий
communicate	общаться
communication	коммуникация
community	сообщество
company	Компания
compare	сравнивать
comparison	сравнение
compete	конкурировать
competition	конкуренция
competitive	конкурентоспособный
competitor	конкурент
complain	жаловаться
complaint	жалоба
complete	полный
completely	полностью
complex	сложный
complicated	сложный
component	составная часть
compose	сочинять
composition	состав
comprehensive	всесторонний
computer	компьютер
concentrate	концентрировать
concentration	концентрация
concept	концепция
concern	беспокойство
concerned	обеспокоенный
concert	концерт
conclude	заключить
conclusion	заключение
concrete	конкретный
condition	состояние
conduct	поведение
conference	конференция
confidence	уверенность
confident	уверенный
confirm	подтверждать
conflict	конфликт
confront	противостоять
confusion	путаница
Congress	Конгресс
congressional	конгрессмен
connect	соединять
connection	связь
consciousness	сознание
consensus	консенсус
consequence	последствие
conservative	консервативный
consider	рассмотреть возможность
considerable	значительный
consideration	рассмотрение
consist	состоять
consistent	последовательный
consonant	согласный
constant	постоянный
constantly	постоянно
constitute	составлять
constitutional	конституционный
construct	строить
construction	строительство
consultant	консультант
consume	потреблять
consumer	потребитель
consumption	потребление
contact	контакт
contain	содержать
container	контейнер
contemporary	современный
content	содержание
contest	конкурс
context	контекст
continent	континент
continue	Продолжить
continued	продолжение
contract	договор
contrast	контраст
contribute	делать вклад
contribution	вклад
control	контроль
controversial	спорный
controversy	полемика
convention	соглашение
conventional	общепринятый
conversation	беседа
convert	перерабатывать
conviction	убеждение
convince	убеждать
cook	повар
cookie	печенье
cooking	Готовка
cool	Круто
cooperation	сотрудничество
cop	полицейский
cope	справляться
copy	копировать
core	основной
corn	кукуруза
corner	угол
corporate	корпоративный
corporation	корпорация
correct	верный
correspondent	корреспондент
cost	Стоимость
cotton	хлопок
couch	диван
could	мог
council	совет
counselor	советник
count	считать
counter	прилавок
country	страна
county	округ
couple	пара
courage	храбрость
course	курс
court	корт
cousin	двоюродный брат
cover	крышка
coverage	покрытие
cow	корова
crack	трескаться
craft	ремесло
crash	крушение
crazy	сумасшедший
cream	кремовый цвет
crease	складка
create	Создайте
creation	творчество
creative	творческий
creature	существо
credit	кредит
crew	экипаж
crime	преступление
criminal	уголовное
crisis	кризис
criteria	критерии
critic	критик
critical	критический
criticism	критика
criticize	критиковать
crop	обрезать
cross	Пересекать
crowd	толпа людей
crucial	ключевой
cry	плакать
cultural	культурный
culture	культура
cup	чашка
curious	любопытный
current	Текущий
currently	В данный момент
curriculum	учебный план
custom	обычай
customer	покупатель
cut	резать
cycle	цикл
dad	папа
daily	ежедневно
damage	повреждать
dance	танцевать
danger	Опасность
dangerous	опасный
dare	смею
dark	темный
darkness	тьма
data	данные
date	Дата
daughter	дочь
day	день
dead	мертвых
deal	иметь дело
dealer	дилер
dear	дорогая
death	смерть
debate	дебаты
debt	долг
decade	десятилетие
decide	решить
decimal	десятичный
decision	решение
deck	палуба
declare	объявлять
decline	отклонить
decrease	снижаться
deep	глубокий
deeply	глубоко
deer	олень
defeat	поражение
defend	защищать
defendant	ответчик
defense	защита
defensive	оборонительный
deficit	дефицит
define	определять
definitely	определенно
definition	определение
degree	степень
delay	задерживать
deliver	доставлять
delivery	Доставка
demand	потребность
democracy	демократия
Democrat	Демократ
democratic	демократичный
demonstrate	продемонстрировать
demonstration	демонстрация
deny	Отрицать
department	отделение
depend	зависеть
dependent	зависимый
depending	в зависимости
depict	изображать
depression	депрессия
depth	глубина
deputy	заместитель
derive	выводить
describe	описывать
description	описание
desert	пустыня
deserve	заслуживать
design	дизайн
designer	дизайнер
desire	желание
desk	стол письменный
desperate	отчаянный
despite	несмотря
destroy	разрушать
destruction	разрушение
detail	деталь
detailed	подробный
detect	обнаруживать
determine	определять
develop	развивать
developing	развивающийся
development	разработка
device	устройство
devote	посвятить
dialogue	диалог
dictionary	толковый словарь
did	делал
die	умереть
diet	диета
differ	отличаться
difference	разница
different	другой
differently	иначе
difficult	сложно
difficulty	трудность
dig	копать землю
digital	цифровой
dimension	измерение
dining	обедать
dinner	обед
direct	непосредственный
direction	направление
directly	напрямую
director	директор
dirt	грязь
dirty	грязный
disability	инвалидность
disagree	не согласен
disappear	пропадать
disaster	катастрофа
discipline	дисциплина
discourse	дискурс
discover	обнаружить
discovery	открытие
discrimination	дискриминация
discuss	обсуждать
discussion	обсуждение
disease	болезнь
dish	блюдо
dismiss	увольнять
disorder	беспорядок
display	отображать
dispute	спор
distance	расстояние
distant	далекий
distinct	отчетливый
distinction	различие
distinguish	различать
distribute	раздавать
distribution	распределение
district	округ
diverse	разнообразный
diversity	разнообразие
divide	делить
division	разделение
divorce	расторжение брака
DNA	ДНК
do	делать
doctor	доктор
document	документ
does	делает
dog	собака
dollar	доллар
domestic	одомашненный
dominant	доминирующий
dominate	доминировать
don’t	не
done	сделано
door	дверь
double	двойной
doubt	сомневаться
down	вниз
downtown	центр города
dozen	дюжина
draft	проект
drag	тащить, тянуть
drama	драма
dramatic	драматический
dramatically	резко
draw	рисовать
drawing	рисунок
dream	мечтать
dress	одеваться
drink	напиток
drive	водить машину
driver	Водитель
drop	уронить
drug	препарат, средство, медикамент
dry	сухой
duck	утка
due	в связи
during	в течение
dust	пыль
duty	долг
each	каждый
eager	жаждущий
ear	ухо
early	рано
earn	зарабатывать
earnings	заработок
earth	Земля
ease	простота
easily	с легкостью
east	Восток
eastern	восточный
easy	легкий
eat	есть
economic	экономический
economics	экономика
economist	экономист
economy	экономия
edge	край
edition	версия
editor	редактор
educate	обучать
education	образование
educational	образовательный
educator	педагог
effect	эффект
effective	эффективный
effectively	эффективно
efficiency	эффективность
efficient	эффективный
effort	усилие
egg	яйцо
eight	восемь
either	или
elderly	пожилой
elect	избрать
election	выборы
electric	электрический
electricity	электричество
electronic	электронный
element	элемент
elementary	элементарный
eliminate	Устранить
elite	элита
else	еще
elsewhere	в другом месте
e-mail	Эл. почта
embrace	объятие
emerge	появляться
emergency	скорая медицинская помощь
emission	эмиссия
emotion	эмоция
emotional	эмоциональный
emphasis	акцент
emphasize	подчеркнуть
employ	нанять
employee	работник
employer	работодатель
employment	трудоустройство
empty	пустой
enable	включить
encounter	сталкиваться
encourage	поощрять
end	конец
enemy	враг
energy	энергия
enforcement	принуждение
engage	привлекать
engine	двигатель
engineer	инженер
engineering	инженерное дело
English	английский
enhance	усиливать
enjoy	наслаждаться
enormous	громадный
enough	достаточно
ensure	гарантировать
enter	входить
enterprise	предприятие
entertainment	развлечение
entire	весь
entirely	полностью
entrance	Вход
entry	Вход
environment	среда
environmental	относящийся к окружающей среде
episode	эпизод
equal	равный
equally	на равных
equate	приравнивать
equipment	оборудование
era	эра
error	ошибка
escape	побег
especially	особенно
essay	сочинение
essential	существенный
essentially	по сути
establish	учреждать
establishment	учреждение
estate	имущество
estimate	оценивать
etc	так далее
ethics	этика
ethnic	этнический
European	Европейский
evaluate	оценивать
evaluation	оценка
even	даже
evening	вечер
event	мероприятие
eventually	в итоге
ever	Когда-либо
every	каждый
everybody	все
everyday	ежедневно
everyone	все
everything	все
everywhere	где угодно
evidence	свидетельство
evolution	эволюция
evolve	эволюционировать
exact	точный
exactly	точно
examination	осмотр
examine	исследовать
example	пример
exceed	превосходить
excellent	превосходно
except	Кроме
exception	исключение
exchange	обмен
excite	возбуждать
exciting	захватывающе
executive	должностное лицо
exercise	упражнение
exhibit	выставлять
exhibition	выставка
exist	существовать
existence	существование
existing	существующий
expand	расширять
expansion	расширение
expect	ожидать
expectation	ожидание
expense	расход
expensive	дорогие
experience	опыт
experiment	эксперимент
expert	эксперт
explain	объяснять
explanation	объяснение
explode	взорваться
explore	исследовать
explosion	взрыв
expose	разоблачать
exposure	экспозиция
express	выражать
expression	выражение
extend	продлевать
extension	расширение
extensive	обширный
extent	степень
external	внешний
extra	дополнительный
extraordinary	экстраординарный
extreme	крайний
extremely	очень сильно
eye	глаз
fabric	ткань
face	лицо
facility	средство
fact	факт
factor	фактор
factory	фабрика
faculty	факультет
fade	тускнеть
fail	неудача
failure	отказ
fair	справедливый
fairly	весьма
faith	Вера
fall	падение
familiar	привычный
family	семья
famous	известный
fan	поклонник
fantasy	фантазия
far	далеко
farm	ферма
farmer	фермер
fashion	мода
fast	быстро
fat	толстый
fate	судьба
father	отец
fault	вина
favor	услуга
favorite	любимый
fear	страх
feature	характерная черта
federal	федеральный
fee	платеж
feed	кормить
feel	Чувствовать
feeling	чувство
feet	ноги
fell	упал
fellow	парень
felt	чувствовала
female	женский
fence	изгородь
few	немного
fewer	меньше
fiber	волокно
fiction	художественная литература
field	поле
fifteen	пятнадцать
fifth	пятый
fifty	пятьдесят
fig	Инжир
fight	Борьба
fighter	истребитель
fighting	борьба
figure	фигура
file	файл
fill	наполнять
film	фильм
final	окончательный
finally	наконец
finance	финансы
financial	финансовый
find	найти
finding	находка
fine	отлично
finger	Палец
finish	Конец
fire	Огонь
firm	фирма
first	первый
fish	рыба
fishing	рыбная ловля
fit	соответствовать
fitness	фитнес
five	пять
fix	исправить
flag	флаг
flame	пламя
flat	плоский
flavor	вкус
flee	бежать
flesh	плоть
flight	полет
float	плавать
floor	пол
flow	поток
flower	цветок
fly	летать
focus	фокус
folk	народ
follow	следить
following	следующий
food	еда
foot	ступня
football	футбол
for	для
force	сила
foreign	иностранный
forest	лес
forever	навсегда
forget	забывать
form	форма
formal	формальный
formation	формирование
former	бывший
formula	формула
forth	вперед
fortune	удача
forward	вперед
found	нашел
foundation	Фонд
founder	основатель
four	четыре
fourth	четвертый
fraction	дробная часть
frame	Рамка
framework	фреймворк
free	бесплатно
freedom	Свобода
freeze	заморозить
French	французкий язык
frequency	частота
frequent	частый
frequently	часто
fresh	свежий
friend	друг
friendly	дружелюбный
friendship	Дружба
from	из
front	передний
fruit	фрукты
frustration	разочарование
fuel	топливо
full	полный
fully	от корки до корки
fun	веселье
function	функция
fund	фонд
fundamental	фундаментальный
funding	финансирование
funeral	похороны
funny	смешной
furniture	мебель
furthermore	более того
future	будущее
gain	прирост
galaxy	галактика
gallery	галерея
game	игра
gang	банда
gap	зазор
garage	гараж
garden	сад
garlic	чеснок
gas	газ
gate	ворота
gather	собирать
gave	дал
gay	гей
gaze	посмотреть
gear	механизм
gender	Пол
gene	ген
general	Общее
generally	в целом
generate	генерировать
generation	поколение
genetic	генетический
gentle	нежный
gentleman	джентльмен
gently	нежно
German	Немецкий
gesture	жест
get	получать
ghost	призрак
giant	гигант
gift	подарок
gifted	одаренный
girl	девочка
girlfriend	Подруга
give	давать
given	данный
glad	радостный
glance	взглянуть мельком
glass	стакан
global	Глобальный
glove	перчатка
go	идти
goal	Цель
God	Бог
gold	золото
golden	золотой
golf	гольф
gone	ушел
good	хороший
got	есть
govern	управлять
government	правительство
governor	губернатор
grab	схватить
grade	оценка
gradually	постепенно
graduate	выпускник
grain	зерно
grand	великий
grandfather	Дед
grandmother	бабушка
grant	даровать
grass	трава
grave	могила
gray	серый
great	большой
greatest	величайший
green	зеленый
grew	вырос
grocery	Бакалея
ground	земля
group	группа
grow	расти
growing	растущий
growth	рост
guarantee	гарантия
guard	сторожить
guess	Угадай
guest	гость
guide	руководство
guideline	руководство
guilty	виновный
gun	пистолет
guy	парень
habit	привычка
habitat	естественная среда
had	было
hair	волосы
half	половина
hall	зал
hand	рука
handful	горсть
handle	ручка
hang	вешать
happen	случаться
happy	счастливый
hard	жесткий
hardly	едва ли
has	имеет
hat	шапка
hate	ненавидеть
have	имеют
he	он
head	голова
headline	Заголовок
headquarters	штаб-квартира
health	здоровье
healthy	здоровый
hear	слышать
heard	слышал
hearing	слух
heart	сердце
heat	нагревать
heaven	небеса
heavily	сильно
heavy	тяжелый
heel	пятка
height	рост
held	держал
helicopter	вертолет
hell	ад
hello	Привет
help	помощь
helpful	полезный
her	ее
here	здесь
heritage	наследство
hero	герой
herself	саму себя
hey	Привет
hi	Привет
hide	Спрятать
high	высокий
highlight	выделять
highly	высоко
highway	шоссе
hill	холм
him	его
himself	сам
hip	бедро
hire	Наем
his	его
historian	историк
historic	исторический
historical	исторический
history	история
hit	ударять
hold	держать
hole	отверстие
holiday	день отдыха
holy	святой
home	дом
homeless	бездомный
honest	честный
honey	медовый
honor	честь
hope	надеяться
horizon	горизонт
horror	фильм ужасов
horse	лошадь
hospital	больница
host	хозяин
hot	горячий
hotel	отель
hour	час
house	дом
household	домашнее хозяйство
housing	Корпус
how	как
however	тем не мение
huge	огромный
human	человек
humor	юмор
hundred	сотня
hungry	голодный
hunt	охота
hunter	охотник
hunting	охота
hurry	торопиться
hurt	повредить
husband	муж
hypothesis	гипотеза
I	я
ice	лед
idea	идея
ideal	идеальный
identification	идентификация
identify	идентифицировать
identity	личность
ie	т.е.
if	если
ignore	игнорировать
ill	больной
illegal	незаконный
illness	болезнь
illustrate	иллюстрировать
image	изображение
imagination	воображение
imagine	представлять себе
immediate	немедленный
immediately	немедленно
immigrant	иммигрант
immigration	иммиграция
impact	влияние
implement	осуществлять
implication	значение
imply	подразумевать
importance	важность
important	важный
impose	навязывать
impossible	невозможно
impress	произвести впечатление
impression	впечатление
impressive	впечатляющий
improve	улучшать
improvement	улучшение
in	в
incentive	стимул
inch	дюйм
incident	инцидент
include	включают
including	включая
income	доход
incorporate	включать
increase	увеличивать
increased	повысился
increasing	увеличение
increasingly	все больше
incredible	невероятный
indeed	действительно
independence	независимость
independent	независимый
index	показатель
Indian	Индийский
indicate	указывать
indication	индикация
individual	индивидуальный
industrial	промышленный
industry	промышленность
infant	младенец
infection	инфекционное заболевание
inflation	инфляция
influence	влиять
inform	сообщить
information	Информация
ingredient	ингредиент
initial	исходный
initially	изначально
initiative	инициатива
injury	травма, повреждение
inner	внутренний
innocent	невиновный
inquiry	расследование
insect	насекомое
inside	внутри
insight	в поле зрения
insist	настаивать
inspire	вдохновлять
install	установить
instance	пример
instant	мгновенный
instead	вместо
institution	учреждение
institutional	институциональный
instruction	инструкция
instructor	инструктор
instrument	инструмент
insurance	страхование
intellectual	интеллектуальный
intelligence	интеллект
intend	намереваться
intense	интенсивный
intensity	интенсивность
intention	намерение
interaction	взаимодействие
interest	интерес
interested	заинтересованный
interesting	интересно
internal	внутренний
international	Международный
Internet	Интернет
interpret	интерпретировать
interpretation	интерпретация
intervention	вмешательство
interview	интервью
into	в
introduce	представлять
introduction	вступление
invasion	вторжение
invent	изобретать
invest	инвестировать
investigate	расследовать
investigation	изучение
investigator	следователь
investment	вложение
investor	инвестор
invite	приглашать
involve	вовлекать
involved	вовлеченный
involvement	участие
Iraqi	Иракский
Irish	Ирландский
iron	железо
is	является
Islamic	Исламский
island	остров
Israeli	Израильский
issue	проблема
it	Это
Italian	Итальянский
item	элемент
its	это
itself	сам
jacket	куртка
jail	тюрьма
Japanese	Японский
jet	струя
Jew	Еврей
Jewish	Еврейский
job	работа
join	присоединиться
joint	соединение
joke	шутить
journal	журнал
journalist	журналистка
journey	путешествие
joy	радость
judge	судить
judgment	суждение
juice	сок
jump	Прыжок
junior	младший
jury	жюри
just	просто
justice	справедливость
justify	оправдывать
keep	хранить
kept	хранится
key	ключ
kick	пинать
kid	ребенок
kill	убийство
killer	убийца
killing	убийство
kind	Добрый
king	король
kiss	целовать
kitchen	кухня
knee	колено
knew	знал
knife	нож
knock	стучать
know	знать
knowledge	знания
lab	лаборатория
label	метка
labor	труд
laboratory	лаборатория
lack	недостаток
lady	леди
lake	озеро
land	земля
landscape	пейзаж
language	язык
lap	колени
large	большой
largely	во многом
last	последний
late	поздно
later	потом
Latin	латинский
latter	последний
laugh	смех
launch	запуск
law	закон
lawn	лужайка
lawsuit	иск
lawyer	юрист
lay	класть
layer	слой
lead	привести
leader	лидер
leadership	лидерство
leading	ведущий
leaf	лист
league	лига
lean	наклонять
learn	учиться
learning	обучение
least	наименее
leather	кожа
leave	оставлять
led	вел
left	левый
leg	нога
legacy	наследие
legal	законный
legend	легенда
legislation	законодательство
legitimate	законный
lemon	лимон
length	длина
less	меньше
lesson	урок
let	позволять
letter	письмо
level	уровень
liberal	либеральный
library	библиотека
license	лицензия
lie	ложь
life	жизнь
lifestyle	образ жизни
lifetime	продолжительность жизни
lift	поднимать
light	свет
like	нравиться
likely	вероятно
limit	предел
limitation	ограничение
limited	ограничено
line	линия
link	ссылка
lip	губа
liquid	жидкость
list	список
listen	Слушать
literally	буквально
literary	литературный
literature	литература
little	маленький
live	жить
living	жизнь
load	нагрузка
loan	заем
local	местный
locate	найти
location	место нахождения
lock	замок
log	бревно
lone	одинокий
long	длинный
long-term	долгосрочный
look	Смотреть
loose	свободный
lose	терять
loss	потеря
lost	потерянный
lot	много
lots	лоты
loud	громко
love	любовь
lovely	прекрасный
lover	возлюбленный
low	низкий
lower	ниже
luck	удача
lucky	счастливчик
lunch	обед
lung	легкое
machine	машина
mad	Сумасшедший
made	сделал
magazine	журнал
magnet	магнит
mail	Почта
main	главный
mainly	в основном
maintain	поддерживать
maintenance	поддержание
major	крупный
majority	большинство
make	делать
maker	производитель
makeup	макияж, мириться
male	мужчина
mall	торговый центр
man	человек
manage	управлять
management	управление
manager	менеджер
manner	манера
manufacturer	производитель
manufacturing	производство
many	много
map	карта
margin	прибыль
mark	отметка
market	рынок
marketing	маркетинг
marriage	свадьба
married	женатый
marry	выйти замуж
mask	маска
mass	масса
massive	массивный
master	мастер
match	соответствие
material	материал
math	математика
matter	иметь значение
may	мая
maybe	может быть
mayor	мэр
me	меня
meal	еда
mean	иметь в виду
meaning	имея в виду
meant	имел ввиду
meanwhile	тем временем
measure	мера
measurement	измерение
meat	мясо
mechanism	механизм
media	СМИ
medical	медицинский
medication	медикамент
medicine	медицина
medium	Средняя
meet	встретиться
meeting	встреча
melody	мелодия
member	член
membership	членство
memory	объем памяти
men	мужчины
mental	умственный
mention	упомянуть
menu	меню
mere	всего лишь
merely	просто
mess	беспорядок
message	сообщение
metal	металл
meter	метр
method	метод
Mexican	Мексиканский
middle	середина
might	мог бы
mile	миля
military	военный
milk	молоко
million	миллион
mind	разум
mine	моя
minister	министр
minor	незначительный
minority	меньшинство
minute	минута
miracle	чудо
mirror	зеркало
miss	Мисс
missile	ракета
mission	миссия
mistake	ошибка
mix	смешивание
mixture	смесь
mode	Режим
model	модель
moderate	умеренный
modern	современный
modest	скромный
molecule	молекула
mom	Мама
moment	момент
money	Деньги
monitor	монитор
month	месяц
mood	настроение
moon	Луна
moral	моральный
more	более
moreover	Кроме того
morning	утро
mortgage	ипотека
most	самый
mostly	в основном
mother	мать
motion	движение
motivation	мотивация
motor	мотор
mount	устанавливать
mountain	гора
mouse	мышь
mouth	рот
move	двигаться
movement	движение
movie	кино
Mr	Мистер
Mrs	Г-жа
Ms	РС
much	много
multiple	несколько
multiply	умножать
murder	убийство
muscle	мышца
museum	музей
music	Музыка
musical	музыкальный
musician	музыкант
Muslim	Мусульманин
must	должен
mutual	взаимный
my	мой
myself	себя
mystery	тайна
myth	миф
naked	голый
name	имя
narrative	повествование
narrow	узкий
nation	нация
national	национальный
native	родные
natural	естественный
naturally	естественно
nature	природа
near	около
nearby	рядом, поблизости
nearly	почти
necessarily	обязательно
necessary	необходимо
neck	шея
need	необходимость
negative	отрицательный
negotiate	вести переговоры
negotiation	Переговоры
neighbor	сосед
neighborhood	район
neither	ни один
nerve	нерв
nervous	нервный
net	сеть
network	сеть
never	никогда
nevertheless	тем не менее
new	новый
newly	недавно
news	Новости
newspaper	газета
next	следующий
nice	отлично
night	ночь
nine	девять
no	нет
nobody	никто
nod	кивок
noise	шум
nomination	номинация
none	никто
nonetheless	тем не менее
noon	полдень
nor	ни
normal	обычный
normally	как обычно
north	север
northern	северный
nose	нос
not	нет
note	Примечание
nothing	ничего такого
notice	уведомление
notion	понятие
noun	имя существительное
novel	Роман
now	Теперь
nowhere	нигде
n’t	нет
nuclear	ядерный
number	количество
numeral	цифра
numerous	многочисленные
nurse	медсестра
nut	орех
object	объект
objective	задача
obligation	обязательство
observation	наблюдение
observe	наблюдать
observer	наблюдатель
obtain	получать
obvious	очевидный
obviously	очевидно
occasion	повод
occasionally	время от времени
occupation	оккупация
occupy	занимать
occur	происходить
ocean	океан
odd	странный
odds	шансы
of	из
off	выключенный
offense	преступление
offensive	оскорбительный
offer	предложение
office	офис
officer	офицер
official	официальный
often	довольно часто
oh	ой
oil	масло
ok	ла́дно
okay	Ладно
old	Старый
Olympic	Олимпийский
on	на
once	однажды
one	один
ongoing	непрерывный
onion	лук
online	онлайн
only	Только
onto	на
open	открытым
opening	открытие
operate	работать
operating	действующий
operation	операция
operator	оператор
opinion	мнение
opponent	противник
opportunity	возможность
oppose	противостоять
opposite	противоположный
opposition	оппозиция
option	вариант
or	или
orange	апельсин
order	порядок
ordinary	обычный
organ	орган
organic	органический
organization	организация
organize	организовать
orientation	ориентация
origin	источник
original	оригинал
originally	изначально
other	Другие
others	другие
otherwise	иначе
ought	должен
our	наш
ourselves	мы сами
out	из
outcome	исход
outside	вне
oven	печь
over	над
overall	общий
overcome	превосходить
overlook	игнорировать
owe	быть должным
own	собственный
owner	владелец
oxygen	кислород
pace	шаг
pack	пакет
package	упаковка
page	страница
pain	боль
painful	болезненный
paint	покрасить
painter	художник
painting	рисование
pair	пара
pale	бледный
Palestinian	Палестинский
palm	Пальма
pan	Сковорода
panel	панель
pant	штаны
paper	бумага
paragraph	пункт
parent	родитель
park	парк
parking	стоянка
part	часть
participant	участник
participate	участвовать
participation	участие
particular	специфический
particularly	особенно
partly	частично
partner	партнер
partnership	партнерство
party	вечеринка
pass	проходить
passage	проход
passenger	пассажир
passion	страсть
past	мимо
patch	пластырь
path	дорожка
patient	пациент
pattern	шаблон
pause	Пауза
pay	платить
payment	оплата
PC	ПК
peace	мир
peak	пик
peer	вглядеться
penalty	штраф
people	люди
pepper	перец
per	на
perceive	понимать
percentage	процент
perception	восприятие
perfect	идеально
perfectly	в совершенстве
perform	выполнять
performance	представление
perhaps	возможно
period	период
permanent	постоянный
permission	разрешение
permit	разрешать
person	человек
personal	личный
personality	личность
personally	лично
personnel	персонал
perspective	перспектива
persuade	убеждать
pet	домашний питомец
phase	фаза
phenomenon	явление
philosophy	философия
phone	Телефон
photo	Фото
photograph	фотография
photographer	фотограф
phrase	фраза
physical	физический
physically	физически
physician	врач
piano	пианино
pick	выбирать
picture	рисунок
pie	пирог
piece	кусок
pile	куча
pilot	пилот
pine	сосна
pink	розовый
pipe	трубка
pitch	подача
place	место
plain	простой
plan	план
plane	самолет
planet	планета
planning	планирование
plant	растение
plastic	пластик
plate	пластина
platform	Платформа
play	играть
player	игрок
please	пожалуйста
pleasure	удовольствие
plenty	множество
plot	участок
plural	множественное число
plus	плюс
PM	ВЕЧЕРА
pocket	карман
poem	стих
poet	поэт
poetry	поэзия
point	точка
pole	столб
police	полиция
policy	политика
political	политический
politically	политически
politician	политик
politics	политика
poll	опрос
pollution	загрязнение
pool	бассейн
poor	бедных
pop	поп
popular	популярный
populate	заселять
population	численность населения
porch	порог
port	порт
portion	часть
portrait	портрет
portray	изображать
pose	поза
position	позиция
positive	положительный
possess	владеть
possibility	возможность
possible	возможный
possibly	возможно
post	Почта
pot	горшок
potato	картошка
potential	потенциал
potentially	потенциально
pound	фунт
pour	налить
poverty	бедность
powder	пудра
power	власть
powerful	мощный
practical	практичный
practice	упражняться
pray	молиться
prayer	молитва
precisely	точно
predict	предсказывать
prefer	предпочитать
preference	предпочтение
pregnancy	беременность
pregnant	беременная
preparation	подготовка
prepare	подготовить
prescription	рецепт
presence	присутствие
present	настоящее время
presentation	презентация
preserve	сохранять
president	президент
presidential	президентский
press	Нажмите
pressure	давление
pretend	притворяться
pretty	хорошенький
prevent	не допустить
previous	предыдущий
previously	ранее
price	цена
pride	гордость
priest	священник
primarily	в первую очередь
primary	начальный
prime	основной
principal	главный
principle	принцип
print	Распечатать
prior	прежний
priority	приоритет
prison	тюрьма
prisoner	пленник
privacy	Конфиденциальность
private	частный
probable	вероятный
probably	наверное
problem	проблема
procedure	процедура
proceed	продолжить
process	процесс
produce	производить
producer	режиссер
product	продукт
production	производство
profession	профессия
professional	профессиональный
professor	профессор
profile	профиль
profit	выгода
program	программа
progress	прогресс
project	проект
prominent	видный
promise	обещать
promote	продвигать
prompt	незамедлительный
proof	доказательство
proper	правильный
properly	должным образом
property	имущество
proportion	пропорция
proposal	предложение
propose	предлагать
proposed	предложил
prosecutor	прокурор
prospect	перспектива
protect	защищать
protection	защита
protein	белок
protest	протест
proud	гордый
prove	доказывать
provide	предоставлять
provider	провайдер
province	провинция
provision	обеспечение
psychological	психологический
psychologist	психолог
psychology	психология
public	общественный
publication	публикация
publicly	публично
publish	публиковать
publisher	издатель
pull	тянуть
punishment	наказание
purchase	покупка
pure	чистый
purpose	цель
pursue	преследовать
push	толкать
put	положил
qualify	квалифицировать
quality	качественный
quart	кварта
quarter	четверть
quarterback	защитник
question	вопрос
quick	быстро
quickly	быстро
quiet	тихий
quietly	тихо
quit	покидать
quite	довольно
quote	Цитировать
quotient	частное
race	гонка
racial	расовый
radical	радикальный
radio	радио
rail	рельс
rain	дождь
raise	поднимать
ran	побежал
range	диапазон
rank	классифицировать
rapid	стремительный
rapidly	быстро
rare	редкий
rarely	редко
rate	темп
rather	скорее
rating	рейтинг
ratio	соотношение
raw	сырой
reach	достигать
react	реагировать
reaction	реакция
read	читать
reader	читатель
reading	чтение
ready	готов
real	настоящий
reality	реальность
realize	понимать
really	В самом деле
reason	причина
reasonable	разумный
recall	отзывать
receive	Получать
recent	недавний
recently	в последнее время
recipe	рецепт приготовления
recognition	признание
recognize	распознавать
recommend	рекомендовать
recommendation	рекомендация
record	записывать
recording	запись
recover	восстанавливаться
recovery	восстановление
recruit	нанимать на работу
red	красный
reduce	уменьшать
reduction	снижение
refer	ссылаться
reference	ссылка
reflect	отражать
reflection	отражение
reform	реформа
refugee	беженец
refuse	мусор
regard	внимание
regarding	касательно
regardless	несмотря на
regime	режим
region	область
regional	региональный
register	регистр
regular	обычный
regularly	регулярно
regulate	регулировать
regulation	регулирование
reinforce	укреплять
reject	отклонять
relate	иметь отношение к
relation	связь
relationship	отношение
relative	родственник
relatively	относительно
relax	расслабляться
release	выпускать
relevant	соответствующие
relief	облегчение
religion	религия
religious	религиозный
rely	полагаться
remain	оставаться
remaining	осталось
remarkable	замечательный
remember	помнить
remind	напоминать
remote	удаленный
remove	Удалить
repeat	повторить
repeatedly	неоднократно
replace	заменять
reply	Ответить
report	отчет
reporter	репортер
represent	представлять
representation	представление
representative	представитель
Republican	Республиканец
reputation	репутация
request	запрос
require	требовать
requirement	требование
research	исследовать
researcher	Исследователь
resemble	напоминать
reservation	резервирование
resident	резидент
resist	оказывать сопротивление
resistance	сопротивление
resolution	разрешающая способность
resolve	решать
resort	прибегнуть
resource	ресурс
respect	уважать
respond	реагировать
respondent	ответчик
response	отклик
responsibility	обязанность
responsible	ответственный
rest	отдыхать
restaurant	ресторан
restore	восстановить
restriction	ограничение
result	результат
retain	удерживать
retire	выходить на пенсию
retirement	отставка
return	возвращение
reveal	раскрывать
revenue	доход
review	рассмотрение
revolution	революция
rhythm	ритм
rice	рис
rich	богатый
rid	избавлять
ride	поездка
rifle	винтовка
right	Правильно
ring	звенеть
rise	повышаться
risk	риск
river	река
road	Дорога
rock	рок
role	роль
roll	рулон
romantic	романтичный
roof	крыша
room	комната
root	корень
rope	веревка
rose	Роза
rough	грубый
roughly	грубо
round	круглый
route	маршрут
routine	рутина
row	ряд
rub	тереть
rule	правило
run	запустить
running	Бег
rural	деревенский
rush	порыв
Russian	русский
sacred	священный
sad	грустный
safe	безопасно
safety	безопасность
said	сказал
sail	плыть
sake	сакэ
salad	салат
salary	зарплата
sale	продажа
sales	продажи
salt	поваренная соль
same	тем же
sample	образец
sanction	санкция
sand	песок
sat	Суббота
satellite	спутниковое
satisfaction	удовлетворение
satisfy	удовлетворить
sauce	соус
save	спасти
saving	экономия
saw	пила
say	сказать
scale	шкала
scandal	скандал
scared	испуганный
scenario	сценарий
scene	сцена
schedule	расписание
scheme	схема
scholar	ученый
scholarship	стипендия
school	школа
science	наука
scientific	научный
scientist	ученый
scope	сфера
score	счет
scream	крик
screen	экран
script	сценарий
sea	море
search	поиск
season	сезон
seat	сиденье
second	второй
secret	секрет
secretary	секретарь
section	раздел
sector	сектор
secure	безопасный
security	безопасность
see	видеть
seed	семя
seek	стремиться
seem	казаться
segment	сегмент
seize	захватывать
select	Выбрать
selection	отбор
self	себя
sell	продавать
Senate	Сенат
senator	сенатор
send	Отправить
senior	старший
sense	смысл
sensitive	чувствительный
sent	послал
sentence	приговор
separate	отдельный
sequence	последовательность
series	серии
serious	серьезный
seriously	шутки в сторону
serve	обслуживать
service	услуга
session	сессия
set	установленный
setting	параметр
settle	решить
settlement	поселок
seven	Семь
several	несколько
severe	тяжелая форма
sex	секс
sexual	сексуальный
shade	оттенок
shadow	тень
shake	встряхнуть
shall	должен
shape	форма
share	Поделиться
sharp	острый
she	она
sheet	простыня
shelf	полка
shell	оболочка
shelter	приют
shift	сдвиг
shine	блеск
ship	корабль
shirt	Рубашка
shit	дерьмо
shock	шок
shoe	обувь
shoot	стрелять
shooting	стрельба
shop	магазин
shopping	поход по магазинам
shore	берег
short	короткая
shortly	в ближайшее время
shot	выстрелил
should	должен
shoulder	плечо
shout	кричать
show	Показать
shower	душ
shrug	пожимать плечами
shut	закрыть
sick	больной
side	боковая сторона
sigh	вздох
sight	зрение
sign	подписать
signal	сигнал
significance	значение
significant	существенный
significantly	существенно
silence	тишина
silent	тихий
silver	Серебряный
similar	похожий
similarly	сходным образом
simple	просто
simply	просто
sin	грех
since	поскольку
sing	петь
singer	певец
single	Один
sink	раковина
sir	сэр
sister	сестра
sit	сидеть
site	сайт
situation	ситуация
six	шесть
size	размер
ski	кататься на лыжах
skill	навык
skin	кожа
sky	небо
slave	раб
sleep	спать
slice	кусочек
slide	горка
slight	слабый
slightly	немного
slip	соскальзывать
slow	медленный
slowly	медленно
small	небольшой
smart	умный
smell	запах
smile	улыбка
smoke	курить
smooth	гладкий; плавный
snap	щелчок
snow	снег
so	так
so-called	так называемый
soccer	футбольный
social	Социальное
society	общество
soft	мягкий
software	программное обеспечение
soil	почва
solar	солнечный
soldier	солдат
solid	твердый
solution	решение
solve	решать
some	некоторые
somebody	кто-то
somehow	как-то
someone	кто-то
something	что-то
sometimes	иногда
somewhat	в некотором роде
somewhere	где-то
son	сын
song	песня
soon	скоро
sophisticated	сложный
sorry	извиняюсь
sort	Сортировать
soul	душа
sound	звук
soup	суп
source	источник
south	юг
southern	южный
Soviet	Советский
space	Космос
Spanish	испанский
speak	говорить
speaker	оратор
special	особый
specialist	специалист
species	разновидность
specific	специфический
specifically	конкретно
speech	речь
speed	скорость
spell	заклинание
spend	проводить
spending	траты
spin	вращаться
spirit	дух
spiritual	духовный
split	расколоть
spoke	говорил
spokesman	представитель
sport	спорт
spot	пятно, место
spread	распространять
spring	весна
square	квадрат
squeeze	сжимать
stability	стабильность
stable	стабильный
staff	сотрудники
stage	сцена
stair	лестница
stake	ставка
stand	стоять
standard	стандарт
standing	стоя
star	звезда
stare	глазеть
start	Начните
state	штат
statement	утверждение
station	станция
statistics	статистика
status	положение дел
stay	оставаться
stead	вместо
steady	устойчивый
steal	воровать
steam	Стим
steel	сталь
step	шаг
stick	палка
still	еще
stir	помешивать
stock	снабжать
stomach	желудок
stone	камень
stood	стоял
stop	останавливаться
storage	место хранения
store	хранить
storm	гроза
story	история
straight	прямой
strange	странный
stranger	чужой человек
strategic	стратегический
strategy	стратегия
stream	транслировать
street	улица
strength	сила
strengthen	укреплять
stress	стресс
stretch	потягиваться
strike	забастовка
string	нить
strip	полоска
stroke	Инсульт
strong	сильный
strongly	сильно
structure	состав
struggle	борьба
student	ученик
studio	студия
study	учиться
stuff	вещи
stupid	тупой
style	стиль
subject	тема
submit	Разместить
subsequent	последующий
substance	субстанция
substantial	существенный
subtract	вычесть
succeed	преуспевать
success	успех
successful	успешный
successfully	успешно
such	такой
sudden	внезапный
suddenly	вдруг, внезапно
sue	Сью
suffer	страдать
sufficient	достаточный
suffix	суффикс
sugar	сахар
suggest	предложить
suggestion	предположение
suicide	самоубийство
suit	подходить
summer	лето
summit	саммит
sun	солнце
super	супер
supply	поставка
support	служба поддержки
supporter	сторонник
suppose	предполагать
supposed	предполагаемый
Supreme	Верховный
sure	Конечно
surely	конечно
surface	поверхность
surgery	операция
surprise	сюрприз
surprised	удивлен
surprising	удивительно
surprisingly	удивительно
surround	окружать
survey	опрос
survival	выживание
survive	выживать
survivor	оставшийся в живых
suspect	подозревать
sustain	поддерживать
swear	клятва
sweep	подметать
sweet	милая
swim	плавать
swing	качать
switch	выключатель
syllable	слог
symbol	условное обозначение
symptom	симптом
system	система
table	стол
tablespoon	столовая ложка
tactic	тактика
tail	хвост
take	брать
tale	сказка
talent	талант
talk	разговаривать
tall	высокий
tank	бак
tap	нажмите
tape	Лента
target	цель
task	задача
taste	вкус
tax	налог
taxpayer	налогоплательщик
tea	чай
teach	учат
teacher	учитель
teaching	обучение
team	команда
tear	рвать
teaspoon	чайная ложка
technical	технический
technique	техника
technology	технология
teen	подросток
teenager	подросток
teeth	зубы
telephone	телефон
telescope	телескоп
television	телевидение
tell	рассказать
temperature	температура
temporary	временный
ten	десять
tend	иметь тенденцию
tendency	тенденция
tennis	теннис
tension	напряжение
tent	палатка
term	срок
terms	термины
terrible	ужасный
territory	территория
terror	ужас
terrorism	терроризм
terrorist	террорист
test	тестовое задание
testify	свидетельствовать
testimony	свидетельство
testing	тестирование
text	текст
than	чем
thank	благодарить
thanks	Благодарность
that	что
the	в
theater	театр
their	их
them	их
theme	тема
themselves	самих себя
then	тогда
theory	теория
therapy	терапия
there	там
therefore	следовательно
these	эти
they	Oни
thick	толстый
thin	тонкий
thing	вещь
think	считать
thinking	мышление
third	в третьих
thirty	тридцать
this	это
those	те
though	хотя
thought	подумал
thousand	тысяча
threat	угроза
threaten	угрожать
three	три
throat	горло
through	через
throughout	через
throw	бросать
thus	таким образом
ticket	проездной билет
tie	галстук
tight	тугой
time	время
tiny	крошечный
tip	кончик
tire	шина
tired	усталый
tissue	ткань
title	заглавие
to	к
tobacco	табак
today	Cегодня
toe	палец на ноге
together	вместе
told	сказал
tomato	помидор
tomorrow	завтра
tone	тон
tongue	язык
tonight	сегодня ночью
too	тоже
took	взял
tool	орудие труда
tooth	зуб
top	Топ
topic	тема
toss	жеребьевка
total	общий
totally	полностью
touch	трогать
tough	жесткий
tour	тур
tourist	турист
tournament	турнир
toward	к
towards	к
tower	башня
town	город
toy	игрушка
trace	след
track	отслеживать
trade	торговля
tradition	традиция
traditional	традиционный
traffic	движение
tragedy	трагедия
trail	тащить
train	тренироваться
training	обучение
transfer	передача
transform	преобразовать
transformation	трансформация
transition	переход
translate	перевести
transportation	транспорт
travel	путешествовать
treat	относиться
treatment	лечение
treaty	договор
tree	дерево
tremendous	огромный
trend	тенденция
trial	испытание
triangle	треугольник
tribe	племя
trick	обманывать
trip	поездка
troop	отряд
trouble	беда
truck	грузовая машина
truly	действительно
trust	доверять
truth	правда
try	пытаться
tube	трубка
tunnel	туннель
turn	перемена
TV	телевидение
twelve	двенадцать
twenty	двадцать
twice	дважды
twin	близнец
two	два
type	тип
typical	типичный
typically	обычно
ugly	уродливый
ultimate	окончательный
ultimately	в конечном счете
unable	неспособный
uncle	дядя
under	под
undergo	пройти
understand	понимать
understanding	понимание
unfortunately	к несчастью
uniform	униформа
union	союз
unique	уникальный
unit	Ед. изм
United	Объединенный
universal	универсальный
universe	вселенная
university	Университет
unknown	неизвестный
unless	пока не
unlike	В отличие от
unlikely	вряд ли
until	до
unusual	необычный
up	вверх
upon	на
upper	верхний
urban	городской
urge	побуждать
us	нас
use	использовать
used	использовал
useful	полезный
user	Пользователь
usual	обычный
usually	как правило
utility	утилита
vacation	отпуск
valley	Долина
valuable	ценный
value	ценить
variable	Переменная
variation	вариация
variety	разнообразие
various	различный
vary	отличаться
vast	огромный
vegetable	овощ
vehicle	транспортное средство
venture	риск
verb	глагол
version	версия
versus	против
very	очень
vessel	судно
veteran	ветеран
via	с помощью
victim	потерпевший
victory	победа
video	видео
view	Посмотреть
viewer	зритель
village	поселок
violate	нарушать
violation	нарушение
violence	насилие
violent	жестокий
virtually	практически
virtue	добродетель
virus	вирус
visible	видимый
vision	зрение
visit	визит
visitor	посетитель
visual	визуальный
vital	жизненно важно
voice	голос
volume	объем
volunteer	волонтер
vote	голосование
voter	избиратель
vowel	гласный звук
vs	против
vulnerable	уязвимый
wage	заработная плата
wait	ждать
wake	будить
walk	ходить
wall	стена
wander	бродить
want	хотеть
war	война
warm	тепло
warn	предупреждать
warning	предупреждение
was	было
wash	стирать
waste	трата
watch	смотреть
water	воды
wave	волна
way	способ
we	мы
weak	слабый
wealth	богатство
wealthy	богатый
weapon	оружие
wear	носить
weather	Погода
wedding	свадьба
week	неделя
weekend	выходные дни
weekly	еженедельно
weigh	весить
weight	масса
welcome	Добро пожаловать
welfare	благосостояние
well	хорошо
went	пошел
were	мы
west	Запад
western	западный
wet	влажный
what	какие
whatever	что бы ни
wheel	колесо
when	когда
whenever	в любое время
where	куда
whereas	в то время как
whether	ли
which	который
while	в то время как
whisper	шепот
white	белый
who	кто
whole	весь
whom	кому
whose	чья
why	Почему
wide	широкий
widely	широко
widespread	широко распространенный
wife	жена
wild	дикий
will	буду
willing	готовый
win	победить
wind	ветер
window	окно
wine	вино
wing	крыло
winner	победитель
winter	зима
wipe	вытирать
wire	провод
wisdom	мудрость
wise	Мудрый
wish	желание
with	с участием
withdraw	снять со счета
within	в
without	без
witness	свидетель
woman	женщина
women	женщины
won’t	не будет
wonder	задаваться вопросом
wonderful	чудесно
wood	древесина
wooden	деревянный
word	слово
work	Работа
worker	рабочий
working	работающий
works	работает
workshop	цех
world	Мир
worried	волновался
worry	волноваться
worth	стоимость
would	бы
wound	ранить
wrap	сворачивать
write	записывать
writer	писатель
writing	пишу
written	написано
wrong	неправильный
wrote	написал
yard	площадка
year	год
yell	кричать
yellow	желтый
yes	да
yesterday	вчера
yet	пока что
yield	урожай
you	ты
young	молодой
your	ваш
yours	твой
yourself	сам
youth	молодежь
zombie	живой мертвец
zone	зона
zoo	зоопарк
zoology	зоология
zoom	зум

Wow great, so friend this was the list of 3100 English and Russian words. In this word list, I have written all those words which are quite common and which we use in our daily life also in ordinary colloquial speech during English or Russian speaking.

Russian Language And Their Words | Russian words

When it comes to East Slavic languages, Russian is by far the most widely spoken language. The Russian language is not only a popular language in Europe, but it also has a significant position among the main languages spoken around the globe.

Officially, the Russian language is the official language of the Russian Federative Republic. In addition, Russian is recognized as an auxiliary official language in the countries and democracies of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Ukrainian Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the Georgian Rejected Republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the Maldivian Rejected Republic of Transnistria (the region of Oyster), and the Autonomous Republic of Gagauzia, among others.

In total, the number of Russian speakers in the world is 300-350 million, of which 160 million people consider it their mother tongue. Based on this, Russian ranks fifth among the world’s languages and is one of the five official languages of the United Nations (UN).

There are many words in Russian, which are formed by the characters of Russian. And all Russian sentences are formed from these Russian words, which we use in colloquial speech to convey our thoughts or feelings to others.

If you want to learn about all Russian words and sentences then you must have knowledge of the Russian alphabet. To learn about it just click here- Russian alphabet.

If you already have knowledge of English and now you want to learn Russian from English then you have to remember the above given English to Russian word meaning.

English Languages And Their Words With Russian Meaning

Russian is not a global language. I mean Russian is spoken and understood in some countries but when it comes to the English language then we know that English is more famous as compared to Russian.

English is famous all over the world. You can find persons who can speak English, write English and understand English but the persons who can understand Russian can be found on some specific country or place.

If you know only Russian then learning English is very important for you. I am saying this because,

If you know only Russian and you want to go to a place or a country where there are no people who understand Russian, then it will be very difficult for you to live in that country but if you have knowledge of English along with Russian. You understand that the world is in your grasp, you can come from anywhere in the world.

English To Russian Dictionary | English-Russian Word Meaning

English-Russian Dictionary is a collection of words and their meaning. Here I have shared an ultimate list of English to Russian words meaning for all students who want to learn these languages or about words in both languages.

There are many people who have good knowledge of English. They can read English, they can talk in English, they can write English but they can’t understand the Russian language.

But good thing is that learning Russian is not too difficult to talk. If you want to learn Russian then first you should have knowledge of the Russian alphabet and after that, you should learn Russian words.

For that here I have shared 3100 Russian words with their English meaning. This English to Russian vocabulary or English to Russian word meaning will help you to understand Russian words.

Russian To English Dictionary | Russian-English Word Meaning

There are many people also who have good knowledge of Russian. they can read Russian, they can talk in Russian, they can write Russian but they can’t understand English language properly.

But good thing is that learning English from Russian is also not too difficult task. If you want to learn English then first you should have knowledge of the English alphabet and after that, you should learn English words.

For that here I have shared 3100 English words with their Russian meaning. Russian to English vocabulary or Russian to English word meaning will help you to understand English words.

Conclusion

I hope you understood all the English to Russian word meaning and also Russian to English word meaning. I have just tried my best to teach you about English and Russian words by easy method.

In this post, I have shared a list of 3100 most common Russian to English word meaning and English to Russian word meaning. This 3100 words list will help you to learn these two famous languages.

In conclusion, I would like to tell you that if you really liked this post about the daily use English and Russian words and vocabulary or if this post is helpful for you then please share it on social media with your friend and family.