Repeat the verse word for word

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Vet – wet

Feel
–

veal —

wheel

Fine
—

vine –

wine

Fail
–

veil –

whale

Ex.3
Practise saying the tongue twisters.

• Ifeel fit as a fiddle.

• Fight
  fire with fire.

• They’ve
  arrived at five.

• I’ve
  never forgiven Vera.

• We’ll
  walk whatever the weather.

• Walter
  always knows what’s what.

• We
  wonder, whether the wether will weather the weather, or whether the
  weather the wether will kill?

Ex.4
Find 12 words beginning or ending with [f] or [v]. The words are
written horizontally or vertically.

D	C	L	A	U	G	H	I
R	O	W	S	A	V	E	F
I	U	I	L	F	I	V	E
V	G	F	I	H	A	V	E
E	H	E	V	G	O	L	F
O	F	F	E	S	A	F	E

E

Fan
van wife’s wives

x.5
Complete the conversation using words from the box. (A37)

Ex.6
Add one of these sounds to the start of these words to make
other words: [f], [v] or [w]. Think of sounds, not spelling.

1. air
   ________________

2. ear
   _______________

3. eel
   _______________

4. eyes
   ______________

5. or
   ________________

6. old
   _______________

7. eat
   _______________

8. aid
   _______________

9. all
   ________________

Ex
7.
Practise this dialogue.

A
walk in the woods

Gwen:
Did you meet Victor on Wednesday, Wendy?

Wendy:
Yes, we went for a walk in the woods near the railway.

Gwen:
Wasn’t it cold on Wednesday?

Wendy:
Yes. It was very cold and wet. We wore warm clothes and walked
quickly to keep warm.

Gwen:
It’s lovely and quiet in the woods.

Wendy:
Yes. Further away from the railway it was

very
quiet, and there

were
wild squirrels everywhere. We counted twenty squirrels.

Gwen:
How wonderful! Twenty squirrels! And did you take lunch with

you?

Wendy:
Yes. About twelve we had veal sandwiches and sweet white wine,

and
we watched the squirrels. It was a very nice walk.

Vowels:
[3:]

To
make the sound [3:]:
Round your lips. Put your tongue forward and up a little. It is a
long sound.

Ex
8.
Listen and repeat the words paying special attention to the sound
[3:].

four
– fur

warm
– worm

walk
– work

bed
– bird

kennel
– colonel

shut
– shirt

bun
– burn

gull
– girl

Ex.9
Practise saying the tongue twisters.

• Certainly,
  sir.

• Repeat
  the verse, word for word.

• What
  a hurly-burly girl Urse is!

• The
  girl heard the nurse work.

Ex.10
Practise the dialogue.

The
worst nurse

Sir
Herbert: Nurse!

Colonel
Burton: Nurse! I’m thirsty!

Sir
Herbert: Nurse! My head hurts!

Colonel
Burton: NURSE!

Sir
Herbert: Curse these nurses!

Colonel
Burton: Nurse Sherman always wears such dirty shirts.

Sir
Herbert: And such short skirts.

Colonel
Burton: She never arrives at work early.

Sir
Herbert: She and … er… Nurse Turner weren’t at work on

Thursday,
were they?

Colonel
Burton: No, they weren’t.

Sir
Herbert: Nurse Sherman is the worst nurse in the hospital,
isn’t she?

Colonel
Burton: No, she isn’t. She’s the worst nurse in the world!!!

Stress
In Longer Words

Ex.11
Use the beginnings and endings to make longer words from the
words below.

EXAMPLE
child childhood,
childish, childishness, childless

1. believe
   ___________________________

2. enjoy
   ____________________________

3. care
   _____________________________

4. friend
   ____________________________

5. happy
   ____________________________

6. help
   ______________________________

E

population
telecommunication nation identification relation
communication pronunciation scientific clinic
romantic

pessimistic
investigation public discussion

x.12
Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table
according to their stress pattern.

Oo
oOo
ooOo	population
oooOo
ooooOo
oooooOo

Ex.13
Fill the gaps with the word from the box which has the stress
pattern given.
Listen and check. (B53)

biology
mathematics history geography sociology chemistry

My
favourite subjects at school were sciences, especially Ooo
_chemistry_
and oOoo ____________. I’ve always been good with numbers, so I was
good at oOo ______________. I didn’t really like the social science
subjects, like ooOoo _____________ and Oo __________, and that’s
strange because when I went to university I did Ooo ___________.

Ex.14
Write in the word which is missing from the ‘family’. Listen,
check and repeat. (B54)

EXAMPLE
society, sociology_
(ooOoo), sociological

1. civil,
   civilize, ____________ (oooOo)

2. ________
   (oOoo), biologist, biological

3. personal,
   ___________ (ooOoo), personalize

4. legal,
   legalize, __________ (oooOo)

5. _________
   (Oo), authority, authorize

Emphatic
Constructions

Most
sentences have a definite intonation pattern, but in a live
conversation, speakers can choose to put the stress in any place.
This is like underlining
words in writing; we do this to put emphasis on words.

Ex.15
Read this conversation. Which words the speaker will ‘underline’
for emphasis and underline them in the text. You are told which lines
have no underlining. Listen and check (C41)

A:
I won’t pass. (no underline)

B:
You will
pass.

A:You’ll
pass.

B:
I don’t know. (no underline)

A:
You won’t fail.

B:
I might fail.

A:
I will fail.

B:
The exam’s not hard. (no underline)

A:
It’s very hard.

B:
But not too hard.

A:
Too hard for me.

B:
But you’re very clever! (no underline)

A:
You’re the clever one.

B:
Yes, I suppose you’re right.

The
speaker may emphasize the new information in the sentence. Listen to
these two short conversations. A’s question shows that she doesn’t
know anything about where B comes from. C’s question shows that she
knows he comes from India, so when B says ‘South India’, he
underlines ‘South’ because this is added information. (C44)

A:
Where are you from?

B:
South India.

C:
Which part of India are you from?

B:
South India.

Ex.16
The answers to the pairs of questions are the same, but the
speaker puts stress on a different word in each answer. Read the
questions and underline the words the speaker will put stress on.
Then listen and check. (C46)

EXAMPLE:
a) What’s your name? b) What’s your full name, Ms Vettori?

Clara
Vettori.
Clara
Vettori.

1. a) Do you live
in Milan? b) Do you live near Milan?

Near Milan,
yes. Near Milan, yes.

2. a) What do you
do? b) What kind of designer are you?

I’m a
graphic designer. I’m a graphic
designer.

3. a) Do you have
your own home? b) Do you have a nice flat?

Yes, a very
nice flat. Yes, a very nice flat.

4. a) What do you
do in the evenings? b) Do you speak French?

Well, I’m
learning French. Well, I’m learning French.

5. a) Do you know
London? b) You lived in London, didn’t
you?

Yes, I lived
there for a year. Yes, I lived there for a year.

6. a) Do you have
brothers or sisters? b) You have brothers, don’t you?

Yes, two
brothers. Yes, two brothers.

7. a) What kind of
music do you like? b) Which do you prefer, jazz or
classical?

I like jazz and classical.
I like jazz and classical.

Ex.17
The sentences in the contexts are the same, but with different
pronunciation. You will hear each sentence twice, once for context a
and once for context b.
Listen and decide which you hear first.
(C51)

EXAMPLE

a)
I think that’s my bag. b) I think that’s my
bag.

She’s
not completely sure that it’s her bag. Another
person is picking up her bag

1.
a) Is that your phone? b) Is that your phone?

He
can hear an electronic sound from He can see
somebody’s mobile phone on the seat.

someone’s
pocket.

2.
a) Is your seat 29 F? b) Is your seat 29 F?

She’s
not sure she heard the number correctly. She’s not sure
she heard the letter correctly.

3.
a) Is there a bank in this terminal? b) Is there a bank in this
terminal?

He
knows there is a bank in the other terminal but He’s looking
for a bank.

not
if there is one in this terminal.

4.
a) Where’s the women’s toilet? b) Where’s the women’s
toilet?

She’s
looking for the toilet. She can
see the men’s toilet, but not the women’s.

The
word we choose to underline can change the meaning of our sentence.
Listen to these sentences in two different ways and see the different
meanings in the pictures. (C54)

Do
you want the hamburger with chips, or salad? Do you want the
hamburger with chips or salad?

or

or

+

Would
you like chicken with vegetables, Would you
like chicken with vegetables

or
Russian salad?
or Russian salad?

or

or

+

Ex.18
Listen. Which choice is the waiter offering first: a or b? Write
a-b or b-a.
(С57)

1. Would
   you like peaches or strawberries with cream?

a.

+

or

b.

or

1. Would
   you like tea with lemon or milk?

a.

or

b.

or

1. Would
   you like sausage or bacon and eggs?

a.

or

b.

or

+

Letters
and sounds

Consonants:
[Ө
– ð]

To
make the sound [Ө]:
Put your tongue between your teeth. Blow the air out between your
tongue and your top teeth

To
make the sound [ð]:
Follow
the instructions above, use your voice.

Ex.1
Listen and repeat.

[Ө]

earth
thanks birthday maths
athlete

author
thought

[ð]

weather
clothes breathe sunbathe
together

feather
mother and father

Ex.2
Listen and repeat the words paying special attention to sounds
[Ө
– ð].

mouse
— mouth

sum
— thumb

sick
— thick

tree
—

free
— three

tin
-fin

— thin

bays
– bathe

close
— clothe

breeze
— breathe

Ex.3
Practise saying the tongue twisters.

• Athousand thanks to you both.

• I
  have a thousand and one things to ask you.

• I
  can think of six thin things,

Six
thin things. Can you?

Yes,
I can think of six thin things

And
of six thick things, too.

• This
  fish and that fish

This
fish has a thin fin,

That
fish has a fat fin,

This
fish is a fish

That
has a thinner fin than that fish.

Ex.4
Think of a computer which people speak into and it writes what
they say. This computer wrote these sentences down wrongly. Correct
the underlined mistakes.

EXAMPLE
It’s free
o’clock. __three___

1. A bat
   is more relaxing than a shower. _________

2. The train went
   true
   the tunnel. ___________

3. Don’t walk on
   the ice; it’s very fin.
   _________

4. You need a sick
   coat in winter. __________

5. I don’t know; I
   haven’t fought
   about it. __________

6. It’s a matter
   of life and deaf.
   __________

Ex.5
Find a way from Start to Finish. You may pass a square only if
the word in it has the sound [Ө].
You can move horizontally or vertically only.

Start

north	northern	either	weather	breathe	those
south	bath	bathe	thought	breath	youth
southern	third	their	through	though	thumb
Thailand	cloth	path	fifth	with	worth
month	clothes	these	brother	that	teeth
throw	thing	author	other	they	wealth

Finish

E

Earth
Heather brother
neither mothers

brothers
another
together birth
either

x.6
Complete the rhyme using words from the box. Then listen and
check (A82).

Arthur had a
__brother
___
They wanted was a _______________.

And he didn’t
want _another
_.
So Arthur’s mother ________________

And of the
brothers, __________ Got them both
___________________.

Wanted sisters _______________.
And told them all good _____________

The last thing on this _____________
Should learn to share their ___________.

Vowels:
[ә]

To
make the sound [ә]:
This is a neutral sound, your tongue and lips should be relaxed.

In
words with two or more syllables, at least one syllable is weak (not
stressed). In weak syllables English speakers pronounce the neutral
sound [ә].

Ex
7.
Listen and repeat the phrases which have the neutral sound.

a
photograph of Barbara

ә
photәgraph әf Barbәrә

a
glass of water ә
glass әf watә

a
pair of binoculars
ә
pair әf binoculәs

a
photograph of her ә
photәgraph әf hә

mother
and father mothә
әnd fathә

a
book about ә
book әbout

South
America South
әmericә

Listen
to these examples and repeat them. The weak vowels in the unstressed
syllables in bold
are pronounced [ә]
(A29)

Weak A: away
banana
woman
sugar

Weak E: garden
paper
under

Weak O: police
doctor
correct

Weak U: support
figure
colour

Ex
8.
Listen to the phrases and sentences, in each of them there are
two vowels which are not
neutral. Underline
them. (A32)

EXAMPLE
an apple
and a banana

1. from
   Canada to China

2. The
   parrot was asleep.

3. The
   cinema was open.

4. the
   photographer’s assistant

5. a
   question and an answer

6. a
   woman and her husband

7. a
   pasta salad

Weak
vowels in unstressed syllables can also be pronounced as [ı]. Listen
to these examples and repeat them (A30).

Weak A: orange
cabbage

Weak E: dances
wanted
begin
women

Weak I: music
walking

Weak U: lettuce
minute

Ex
9.
Write the words in the correct part of the table. Then listen and
check. (A33)

orange woman return collect
market begin visit asleep salad teaches

needed letter
sofa peaches quarter women

vowel in weak syllable =[ә]	vowel in weak syllable = [ ı ]
woman	orange

Ex
10.
Listen and underline
the word you hear. (A34)

1. What
   time did the woman/women
   arrive?

2. Where’s
   Kate’s dress/address?

3. The
   team manager’s/manages
   well.

4. The
   German teacher’s/teaches
   English.

5. The
   weight’s/waiter’s
   heavy.

6. The
   woman dancer’s/dances
   fast.

7. The
   officer’s/office’s
   here.

8. Take
   that away/way.

9. What
   a nice driver/drive!

10.
The racer’s/races
finished.

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