Read the text and fill in the gaps with the suitable word

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Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of

“ACTIVE
VOCABULARY” section.

Part II

1. History of engineering.

Read
the text and decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false
(F):

The
concept
of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans thought up
fundamental inventions such as a wheel. Each of these inventions is
consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting
basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.

The
term engineering
itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word
engineer,
which itself dates back to 1325, when an engineer
(literally, one who operates an engine)
originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.” The
word “engine” itself is of even older origin, deriving from the
Latin
“ingenium”
(c. 1250), meaning “innate quality, especially mental power, hence
a clever invention.”

Nowadays
engineering is a large field which deals with problem solving process
for the good of mankind. It is closely connected with the science,
but it’s not the same. It is in close interaction with such
disciplines as medicine, biology, art, computing and many other
social areas of life.

1. What is engineering?

Read
the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:

Engineering
is the (1)
__________ ,
art and profession of using technical, scientific, and (2)
__________
knowledge
to design and put into practice materials, structures, machines,
devices, systems, and processes
that safely realize a desired objective or invention.

The
American
Engineers’ Council for Professional Development
(ECPD) has defined (3)
_________
as follows: “The creative application of scientific principles to
(4)
__________
or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing
processes and to forecast their behavior under specific operating
conditions”.

One
who practices engineering is called an (5)
__________ .
Engineers may have more formal designations such as Professional
Engineer,
Chartered
Engineer,
Incorporated
Engineer,
or European
Engineer.
The broad discipline of engineering includes a range of more
specialized sub-disciplines.
Each of these sub-disciplines has a more specific emphasis on certain
fields of application and particular areas of technology.

Engineers
apply the sciences of physics and (6)
__________
to find suitable (7)
__________
to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than
ever, engineers are now required to have (8)
__________
of different relevant sciences for their design projects, as a
result, they have to keep on learning new material throughout their
career.

If
multiple options exist, engineers think of different design choices
and their advantages (or pluses) and choose the solution that best
matches the requirements. The most important and unique task of the
engineer is to identify, understand, and forecast the possible future
result of a design in order to (9)
__________
a successful product. It is usually not enough to build a technically
successful product; it must also meet further requirements.

Engineers
should foresee different available resources, physical, imaginative
or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications and
additions, and other factors, such as requirements for cost, safety,
marketability, productibility, and (10)__________
.
By understanding these factors, engineers (11)
__________
specifications
for the limits within which a successful system may be produced and
operated.

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1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the box. One word is extra. Прочтите текст и заполните пропуски словами. Одно слово лишнее.

snakes, Zoo, funny, city, teeth, dangerous, lioness, neck, bananas, tail

A day at the Zoo
It’s Sunday morning. Mark and Sophie are happy to go to the ________ Zoo. First they go straight to the lions’ cage, they want to see the new________. She is very beautiful; she has a long________ and big brown eyes. When the lioness sees them, she opens her huge mouth and shows her________. Then Sophie asks Mark to go to the monkey’s area; she has got some ________ and feeds them slowly. She wants to see how they eat. The monkeys are very________; they throw the bad nanas peel on each other and jump from branch to branch. When they come to the ________ aquarium Sophie has a bad feeling. She hates snakes and she doesn’t want to be there much longer. Mark finds the snakes ________ but interesting. On the way back Mark and Sophie talk about the animals in the ________. They remember a cute little monkey. It was the best!

2. Read the text again and mark the statements True (T), False (F), Not Stated (NS).
Прочтите текст и пометьте данные ниже утверждения Т- правда, F- не правда, NS- не сказано
1. Mark and Sophie go to the Zoo at the weekend. _____
2. The weather is fine. _____
3. First they go to the aquarium to see the snakes. _____
4. They like the new lioness very much. _____
5. Sophie wants to see how the monkeys eat bread. _____
6. The monkeys are hungry. _____
7. Sophie finds the snakes interesting. _____
8. Snakes are dangerous. _____
9. A little monkey was very cute. _____