Read definition of the word from the text write it

1) Любите ли вы учится?
2) Как часто получаете плохии оценки?
3) Как долго был/была хорошистом/хорошисткой или отличницей?
4) Самый любимы предмет в школе
5) Заставляют ли тебя ходить в школу?
Если да, то если бы тебя это делать не заставляли, ты бы все равно ходил в школу?
6) Хотел бы ты стать учителем?
7) Любишь ли ты ходить на классный час?
Как часто не выполняешь домашнее задание?
9) Любишь стоять у доски?
10) Много раз был/была у директор а?
11) Обижают ли тебя одноклассники?
12) Ходишь ли в столовую?
13) Назови придмет который тебе легче всего доется
14) Сбегал ли с уроков?

Couldn’t; had to; couldn’t; could; could; didn’t have to.

Ivan Pavlov was a famous Russian scientist

2. Alan has lunch at two o’clock
3.l often meet my friends after school
4.Claire goes on picnics rarely
5.we go to the cinema sometimes )))) надеюсь помогла )))

Как они идут <span>к нефтяной вышке</span>

Другие языки

1.
examine

a)
if you examine something, you look at it or consider it carefully.

b)
if a teacher examines you, he or she finds out how much you know by
asking you questions or by making you take an examination.

2.
model

a)
a model is a three- dimensional copy of an object, usually one that
is smaller than the object.

b)
if a system is used as a model, people copy it in order to achieve
similar results.

3.
handle

a)
the part of an object that you hold in order to carry it or operate
it.

b)
if you handle something, you hold it and move it about in your hands.

4.
assembly

a)
a large number of people, gathered together, especially a group of
people who meet regularly to make laws.

b)
the assembly of a machine or device is the process of fitting its
parts together.

Задание 8.Find words and expressions which mean the same as the following.

1. manipulate

2. correcting

3. expensive

4. increase

5. copy

Задание
9. Make
am outline of the text in 5–7 sentences.

Вариант
2

Задание
1.
Выберите правильную форму глагола из
двух предложенных.

1. The sausages … delicious.
A. are tasting	B. taste
2. He will be angry if you … home late.
A. will come	B. come
3. «How many exams	?» «I think, five».
A. does he pass	B. has he passed
4. When … to take a course in statistics?
A. did she choose	B. has she chosen
5. Bill … about his answer during the lunch break.
A. had been thinking	B. thought
6. We are going to buy a car. By the end of next month our family …money for it.
A. will save	B. will have saved

Задание
2. Подчеркните
сказуемое в предложении, определите
его видо-временную форму и переведите
предложения на русскийязык.

1.
E-mail has become a key part of the communications networks of most
modern offices.

2.
Since all e-mail addresses are written in Latin script, no special
procedures are required to locate one in Russia.

3.
Newer-generation networks use optical fiber connections.

Задание
3. Укажите,
какой частью речи является выделенная
форма:

a)
герундием (Gerund);
b)
инфинитивом(Infinitive);c)
причастием настоящего времени (Participle
I);
d)
причастием прошедшего времени (Participle
II).
Переведите
предложения.

1.
Other methods used
for wide-area networking include telephone and
communications-satellite linkage.

2.
E-mail services use a central computer to
store
messages and data and to route them to their intended
destination.

3.
The computer is rapidly taking
over graphics design, production scheduling, and engineering design.

I.
Read the text. Then read the titles. Which of the following titles is
the best?

1. Office
   Equipment.

2. Office
   Automation.

3. Computers
   and Periphery.

4. How
   the Modem Works.

The
rapid growth of the service sector of the economy has furnished a new
market for sophisticated office automation. Computers 1_______and
specialized software programs are taking over tasks such as facsimile
transmission or FAX, mail, and telecommunications that were once
performed by separate pieces of equipment. In fact, the computer has
virtually taken the place of typewriters, calculators, and manual
accounting techniques and is rapidly taking over graphics design,
production scheduling, and engineering design.

Desktop
PCs have become increasingly affordable as a result of industry-wide
adoption of the architecture of the PC introduced in 1981. Although
it has become feasible to provide virtually every office worker with
a PC, 2________. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, many companies
began programs of linking or «networking» multiple PCs into
a unified system.

The
local area network (LAN) was created in response to the need for a
standardized system of linking computers together in a company. The
most common method used to connect computers to a network is by means
of coaxial cables. Newer-generation networks use optical fiber
connections. When computers are not in close physical proximity,
networks may use microwave radio or infrared radiation to link the
computers. Microwave radio requires a dish antenna for transmission
and reception; infrared radiation requires a lens for transmission
and a mirror and lens for reception.3________.

The
need for computer «connectivity» has established the
usefulness of the peripheral device known as the modem. Modems permit
two computers to communicate by telephone in order to access
databases, transmit files, upload and download facsimile
transmissions, and send and receive electronic mail. Early
transmission speeds using this equipment were relatively slow—300
baud. 4__________.

Text
materials in typed or printed form can be input directly into a
computer by means of a scanner. To read text, optical character
recognition (OCR) software must first be used to convert printed
documents electronically into computer-readable files. Scanners
obviate the need to rekey printed text in order to input it; they can
also be used to input graphic material.

Computer-based
electronic message systems are an alternative to telephonic
communications or conventional interoffice memoranda.

E-mail
has become a key part of the communications networks of most modern
offices. Data and messages can be transmitted from one computer to
another using telephone lines, microwave links, communications
satellites, or other telecommunications equipment.5_________. E-mail
is sent through a company’s own local area network or beyond, through
a nationwide or worldwide communications network. E-mail services use
a central computer to store messages and data and to route them to
their intended destination. With a subscription to a public e-mail
network, an individual PC user needs only a modem and a telephone to
send and receive written or vocal messages.

II. Read the text again.
Choose the best sentence from the list below to complete each gap

a)
Other methods used for wide-area networking include telephone and
communications-satellite linkage.

b)
Since all e-mail addresses are written in Latin script, no special
procedures are required to locate one in Russia.

c)
either stand-alone or as part of a network

d)
The same message can be sent to a number of different addresses.

e)
Some modems now operate at speeds of more than 50,000 baud and have
error-checking and data-compression features.

f)
It is more cost-effective for PC users to share files and common
peripherals such as printers, facsimile boards, modems, and scanners.

g)
It can narrow down the scope of the search considerably.

III.
Choose the best answer to these questions according to the text.

1.
When did it become possible to provide each office worker with a PC?

1. in
   1981,

2. in
   the late 1980s,

3. in
   the early 1990s.

2.
What may networks use to link computers, which are not in direct
closeness?

1. optical
   fiber connections,

2. telephone
   and communications – satellite linkage,

3. microwave
   radio and infrared radiation.

3.
How is the device, one of the functions of which is to send and
receive electronic mail, called?

1. a
   scanner,

2. a
   modem,

3. a
   fax.

4.
What is the device used to input graphic material?

1. a
   printer,

2. a
   Xerox,

3. a
   scanner.

5.
What should a PC user have to subscribe to a public e-mail network?

1. modem
   and scanner,

2. modem
   and telephone,

3. telephone
   and printer.

IV.
Here are some dictionary definitions of words from the text. Each
word has more than one definition. Choose the definition that fits
each of the words in the text best.

1) program	a) a scheduled radio or television broadcast,
	b) a sequence of instructions fed into a computer.
2) office	a) a room or building where business is carried out,
	b) a position of authority.
3) satellite	a) a planet orbiting another,
	b) a man-made object orbiting the earth, moon, etc.
4) address	a) a place where a person resides,
	b) a specific memory location where information is stored.

V.
Find words and expressions which mean the same as the following.

1)
correspondence

2)
apparatus

3)
to contain

4)
to allow

5)
to keep

VI.
Make up an outline of the text (7-9 sentences).

Вариант
3

Задание
1.
Выберите правильную форму глагола из
двух предложенных.

1. … this party?
A. Do you enjoy	B. Are you enjoying
2. I will write to you as soon as I … .
A. will be able to	B. can
3. It is 5 o’clock now. My brother …… for his History class and I …..a composition.
A. is preparing, am writing	B. has been preparing, am writing
4. I …. the news when the telephone rang.
A. watched	B. was watching
5. It had been raining all day and the roads ……. very wet.
A. had been	B. were
6. Julia … all the housework by three o’clock and we’ll go for a walk.
A. will finish	B. will have finished

Задание
2. Подчеркните
сказуемое в предложении, определите
его видо-временную форму и переведите
предложения на русский язык.

1. Like
   other waves of energy, sound normally travels in straight lines,
   but sound can turn corners.

2. Cellular
   calls are picked up by the towers and relayed to the rest of the
   telephone network.

3. New
   cellular telephones have several features.

Задание
3.
Укажите,
какой частью речи является выделенная
форма:

a)
герундием (Gerund);
b)
инфинитивом(Infinitive);c)
причастием настоящего времени (Participle
I);
d)
причастием прошедшего времени (Participle
II).
Переведите
предложения.

1.
Cellular telephones work by transmitting
radio waves to cellular towers.

2.
The central switching station handling
cellular calls in a given area is directly connected
to the rest of the wired telephone system.

3.
Because mobile telephones use radio waves to
send
and receive calls, the device must include a power source.

Задание
4. Read
the text. Then read the titles. Which of the following titles is the
best?

1. Cellular
   Phone Network.

2. Personal
   Communications Services.

3. Cellular
   Radio Telephone

4. Types
   of Telephones.

Cellular
radio telephone is also called cellular telephone or cell phone, it
is a low-powered, lightweight radio transceiver (a combination
transmitter-receiver) that provides voice telephone service to mobile
users. Cellular telephones operate as portable telephones; whereas
normal telephones require a cord that connects to a jack in order to
access the extensive wire line networks operated by local telephone
companies, cellular telephones are not restricted by a cord.
1________.

Cellular
telephones work by transmitting radio waves to cellular towers. 2
________. The area a tower can cover is referred to as a cell;
the towers within these cells are networked to a central switching
station, usually by wire, fiber-optic cable, or microwave. The
central switching station handling cellular calls in a given area is
directly connected to the rest of the wired telephone system.
Cellular calls are picked up by the towers and relayed to the rest of
the telephone network. Since the cells overlap, as a mobile caller
moves from one cell into another, the towers «hand off» the
call so communication is uninterrupted.

3________,
and cellular coverage is increasing in rural areas. Due to the
convenience and mobility of cellular telephones, users generally pay
a higher fee than they would for normal telephone use. A newer
generation of cellular radio technology, called Personal
Communications Services (PCS), operates much like earlier cellular
services, but at higher frequencies (around 1900 MHz). PCS also
utilizes completely digital transmissions, rather than the analog
transmissions that many current cellular telephones use. Digital
transmissions convert sound into digital form, which can be
transmitted faster and more efficiently than analog signals.

Both
cellular radio and PCS use high-frequency radio waves to transmit
calls. High-frequency waves have short wavelengths that pass by a
given point at a very high rate. They provide better sound quality
than lower-frequency waves (such as AM radio) and ensure reliable
cellular links to and from towers over short distances. However,
high-frequency signals cannot effectively travel as far as
low-frequency signals. For cellular networks, this limited range is
advantageous, because it means the same frequencies can be reused at
nearby locations. This ability to reuse frequencies is helpful,
because there are a limited number of radio frequencies available to
cell phone companies. 4________.

The
transceiver inside a cellular phone is a much more complex device
than a conventional phone used over the wire line network. A cellular
telephone has circuitry that creates a unique identity code that is
used to locate and track the telephone and is necessary for
coordinating calls to and from the telephone, and for billing such
calls.

New
cellular telephones have several features. These new phones have a
small liquid crystal screen that can display the telephone number
that is being called, the number of an incoming call, or a short text
message, much like a pager displays this information. Other types of
cellular telephones have a variety of functions that include a memory
for frequently called numbers and a lock to deter theft. 5________.

Rechargeable
batteries provide the usual source of power, but most cell phones can
also be attached to the cigarette lighter in a vehicle or to some
other external power device.

Задание
5.
Read the text again. Choose the best sentence from the list below to
complete each gap.

1. These
   towers vary in the area they cover and can receive nearby cellular
   telephone signals from 1,5 – 56 km distances.

2. Like
   other waves of energy, sound normally travels in straight lines,
   but sound can turn corners.

3. It
   also allows cellular network provides to accommodate a larger
   number of users.

4. Because
   mobile telephones use radio waves to send and receive calls, the
   device must include a power source.

5. Cellular
   telephones have become very popular with professionals and
   consumers as a way to communicate while away their regular phones.

6. The
   human ear does not hear all frequencies of sound in the same way,
   and a low sound is perceived as being less loud than a high sound
   of the same intensify.

7. Cellular
   phone networks exist in most metropolitan areas.

Задание
6.
Choose the best answer on these questions according to the text.

1.
What is the other name of cellular telephones?

1. voice
   telephone service,

2. radio
   transceivers,

3. cellular
   radio telephones.

2.
Where are radio waves of cellular telephones transmitted to?

1. to
   cellular towers,

2. directly
   to the wired telephone system,

3. to
   rural areas.

3.
What type of transmissions is more effective?

1. analog,

2. digital.

4.
What is the unique identity code set aside for?

1. to
   concert side into digital form,

2. to
   locate and track the telephone,

3. to
   display the telephone number.

5.
What are the functions of mobile telephones?

1. to
   receive nearby cellular telephone signals,

2. to
   send and receive calls,

3. for
   billing telephone calls.

Задание
7.
Here
are some dictionary definitions of the words from the text. Each word
has more than one definition. Choose the definition that fits each of
the words in the text best.

1.
cell

a)
a microscopic unit of living matter enclosing a nucleus with
self-producing genes,

b)
unit of an apparatus for producing electric current by chemical
action, often of metal plates in acid, often part of a battery.

2.
wave

a)
long ridge of water, esp. on the sea, between two long hollows,

b)
wave like motion by which heat, light, sound or electricity is spread
or carried.

3.
company

a)
persons with whom one spends one’s time,

b)
number of persons united for business or commerce.

4.
number

a)
quantity or amount,

b)
one issue of a periodical, esp. for one day, week, etc.

Задание
8.
Find
words and expressions which mean the same as the following.

1. demand

2. zone

3. usually

4. profitable

5. fluid

Задание
9.
Make
an outline of the text in 7-10 sentences.

Вариант
4

Задание
1. Выберите
правильную форму глагола из двух
предложенных.

1. You haven’t said a word all morning. What … about?
A. are you thinking	B. do you think
2. Turn the lights off before you … to bed.
A. will go	B. go
3. It is clear to me that his time for action	.
A. has come	B. comes
4. She …. home when she saw the accident.
A. was walking	B. had walked
5. How long ago …. this course?
A. had you taken	B. did you take
6. David dreams that he will become a successful lawyer by the time he …thirty years old.
A. is	B. will be

Задание
2. Подчеркните
сказуемое в предложении, определите
его видо-временную форму и переведите
предложения на русский язык.

1.GPC
is used by aircraft and skips for en route navigation and for airport
or harbor approaches.

2.
Because the GPS user does not need to communicate with the satellite,
GPS can serve an unlimited number of users.

3.
GPS, formally known as the Navstar Global Positioning System, was
initiated in 1973.

Задание
3. Укажите,
какой частью речи является выделенная
форма:

a)
герундием (Gerund);
b)
инфинитивом(Infinitive);c)
причастием настоящего времени (Participle
I);
d)
причастием прошедшего времени (Participle
II).
Переведите предложения.

1.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based
radio-navigation system, consisting
of 24 satellites and ground support.

2.
By taking
a measurement from a fourth satellite, the receiver avoids the need
for an atomic clock.

3.
In a method called
precision
farming,
GPS is used to monitor and control the application of agricultural
fertilizer and pesticides.

Задание
4.
Read the text. Then read the
titles.
Which of the following titles is the best?

1. Space
   Satellites.

2. Global
   Positioning System.

3. Segments
   of Global Positioning System.

4. Radio-Navigation
   Systems.

Global
Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based radio-navigation system,
consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides users
with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well
as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.

GPS, formally known as the Navstar Global Positioning System, was
initiated in 1973.1________. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that
provide extremely accurate time. The time information is placed in
the codes broadcast by the satellite so that a receiver can
continuously determine the time the signal was broadcast. The signal
contains data that a receiver uses to compute the locations of the
satellites and to make other adjustments needed for accurate
positioning. The receiver uses the time difference between the time
of signal reception and the broadcast time to compute the distance,
or range, from the receiver to the satellite. The receiver must
account for propagation delays, or decreases in the signal’s speed
caused by the ionosphere and the troposphere. With information about
the ranges to three satellites and the location of the satellite when
the signal was sent, the receiver can compute its own
three-dimensional position.

An
atomic clock synchronized to GPS is required in order to compute
ranges from these three signals. However, by taking a measurement
from a fourth satellite, the receiver avoids the need for an atomic
clock. 2_______.GPS comprises three segments: the space, control, and
user segments. The space segment includes the satellites and the
Delta rockets. GPS satellites fly in circular orbits at an altitude
of 20,100 km (12,500 mi) and with a period of 12 hours. The orbits
are tilted to the earth’s equator by 55 degrees to ensure coverage of
polar regions.3________. Each satellite contains four atomic clocks.

The
control segment includes the master control station in Colorado, and
monitor stations in the Atlantic, Indian and South Pacific Oceans.
These stations monitor the GPS satellites. The control segment uses
measurements collected by the monitor stations to predict the
behavior of each satellite’s orbit and clock. The prediction data is
uplinked,
or transmitted, to the satellites for transmission to the users.
4________.

The
user segment includes the equipment of the military personnel and
civilians who receive GPS signals. With more than 500,000 GPS
receivers, the civilian community has its own large and diverse user
segment. Surveyors use GPS to save time over standard survey
methods.5_______. GPS tracking systems are used to route and monitor
delivery vans and emergency vehicles. In a method called precision
farming,
GPS is used to monitor and control the application of agricultural
fertilizer and pesticides. GPS is available as an in-car navigation
aid and is used by hikers and hunters. It is also used on the Space
Shuttle. Because the GPS user does not need to communicate with the
satellite, GPS can serve an unlimited number of users.

Задание
5. Read
the text again. Choose the best sentence from the list below to
complete each gap.

1.
We know that the atom is mostly empty space with a minute central
nucleus some tens of thousands of times smaller than the atom.

2.
Powered by solar cells, the satellites continuously orient themselves
to point their solar panels toward the sun and their antennae toward
the earth.

3.
GPC is used by aircraft and skips for en route navigation and for
airport or harbor approaches.

4.
GPC determines location by computing the difference between the time
that a signal is sent and the time it is received.

5.
That makes it possible to send signals long distances, and in the XX
century the world was united without wires.

6.
Thus, the receiver uses four satellites to compute latitude,
longitude, altitude, and time.

7.
The control segment also ensures that the GPC satellite orbits and
clocks remain within acceptable limits.

Задание
6
.
Choose
the best answer to these questions according to the text.

1.
What are the constituent parts of Global Positing System?

1. solar
   cells, solar panels,

2. latitude,
   longitude, altitude, and time,

3. 24
   satellites and ground support.

2.
When was GPC initiated?

1. in
   1973,

2. in
   1955,

3. in
   1971.

3.
What is the way to avoid the need for an atomic clock?

1. to
   use a code,

2. to
   take a measurement from a fourth satellite,

3. to
   account for propagation delays.

4.
Why are the orbits of GPC satellites titled to the earth’s equator?

1. to
   avoid the need for an atomic clock,

2. to
   orient themselves to point their solar panels, toward the sun and
   their antennae toward the earth,

3. to
   ensure coverage of polar regions.

5.
What segment is necessary to predict the behavior of each satellite’s
orbit and clock?

1. the
   space segment,

b)
the control segment,

c)
the user segment.

Задание
7.
Here
are some dictionary definitions of words from the text. Each word has
more than one definition. Choose the definition that fits each of the
words in the text best.

1.
time

a.
the passing of all the days, months, and years, taken as a whole;

b.
occasion.

2.
receiver

a.
person who receives,

b.
part of an apparatus for receiving smth.

3.
segment

a.
part cut off or marked off by a line,

b.
division or section.

4.
control

a.
power or authority to direct, order or restrain;

b.
station at which cars taking part in a race may stop for overhaul,
etc.

Задание
8. Find
words and expressions which mean the same as the following.

1. backing

2. guarantee

3. have
   or hold within itself

4. staff

5. unbounded

Задание
9.
Make
an outline of the text in 7-8 sentences.

Вариант
5

Задание
1. Выберите
правильную
форму
глагола
из
двух
предложенных.

1. Why … your pockets? Have you lost anything?
A. are you feeling	B. do you feel
2. He will be angry if you … home late.
A. will come	B. come
3. How long …. on this problem so far?
A. do you work	B. have you been working
4. We were happy to hear that we …. the exam.
A. were passing	B. had passed
5. My uncle had been the headmaster of that school for thirty years before he……
A. had retired	B. retired
6. David …. to become a lawyer.
A. is studying	B. will have been studying

Задание
2. Подчеркните
сказуемое в предложении, определите
его видо-временную форму и переведите
предложения на русский язык.

1.The
address of a Web document helps the client computer find and connect
to the server that holds the page.

2.
Applets, for example, are mini-computer programs that are written in
computer programming languages such as Visual Basic and Java.

3.
Each Web document is written as plain text, and the instructions

Задание
3. Укажите,
какой частью речи является выделенная
форма:

a)
герундием (Gerund);
b)
инфинитивом(Infinitive);c)
причастием настоящего времени (Participle
I);
d)
причастием прошедшего времени (Participle
II).
Переведите
предложения.

1.
This method of accessing
information is called
associative access.

2.
When users want to
access
the Web, they use the Web browser on their client computer to connect
to a Web server.

3.
Web servers hold Web documents and the media associated
with them

Задание
4.
Read
the text. Then read the titles. Which of the following title is the
best?

1. How
   the Computer Works.

2. How
   the Web Works.

3. The
   World Wide Web.

4. How
   the Internet Works.

When
users want to access the Web, they use the Web browser on their
client computer to connect to a Web server. Client computers connect
to the Web in one of two ways. Client computers with dedicated access
to the Web connect directly to the Web through a router (a piece of
computer hardware that determines the best way to connect client and
server computers) or by being part of a larger network with a direct
connection to the Web. Client computers with dial-up access to the
Web connect to the Web through a modem,1________. Some modems send
signals over cable television lines or special high-capacity
telephone lines. The client computer and the Web server use a set of
rules for passing information back and forth. The Web browser knows
another set of rules with which it can open and display information
that reaches the client computer.

Web
servers hold Web documents and the media associated with
them.2________. Client computers access information from Web servers,
and any computer that a person uses to access the Web is a client, so
a client could be any type of computer. The set of rules that clients
and servers use to talk to each other is called a protocol. The Web,
and all Internet formats, uses the protocol called TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). However, each part
of the Internet—such as the Web, gopher systems, and File Transfer
Protocol (FTP) systems—uses a slightly different system to transfer
files between clients and servers.

The
address of a Web document helps the client computer find and connect
to the server that holds the page. The address of a Web page is
called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A URL is a compound code
that tells the client’s browser three things: the rules the client
should use to reach the site, the Internet address that uniquely
designates the server, and the location within the server’s file
system for a given item. An example of a URL is
http://encarta.msn.com/. The first part of the URL, http://,
shows
that the site is on the World Wide Web. Most browsers are also
capable of retrieving files with formats from other parts of the
Internet, such as gopher and FTP. Other Internet formats use
different codes in the first part of their URLs—for example, gopher
uses gopher://
and
FTP uses ftp://.
The
next part of the URL, encarta.msn.com,
gives
the name, or unique Internet address, of the server on which the Web
site is stored. Some URLs specify certain directories or files, such
as http://encarta.msn.com/explore/default.asp—explore
is
the name of the directory in which the file default.asp
is
found.

The
Web holds information in many forms, including text, graphical
images, and any type of digital media files: including video, audio,
and virtual reality files. Some elements of Web pages are actually
small software programs in their own right. These objects, called
applets (3_______), follow a set of instructions written by the
person that programmed the applet. Applets allow users to play games
on the Web, search databases, perform virtual scientific experiments,
and many other actions.

The
codes that tell the browser on the client computer how to display a
Web document correspond to a set of rules called Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML). Each Web document is written as plain text, and the
instructions that tell the client computer how to present the
document are contained within the document itself, encoded using
special symbols called HTML tags. The browser knows how to interpret
the HTML tags, so the document appears on the user’s screen as the
document designer intended. In addition to HTML, some types of
objects on the Web use their own coding. Applets, for example, are
mini-computer programs that are written in computer programming
languages such as Visual Basic and Java.

Client-server
communication, URLs, and HTML allow Web sites to incorporate
hyperlinks, which users can use to navigate through the Web.
Hyperlinks are often phrases in the text of the Web document that
link to another Web document by providing the document’s URL when
the user clicks their mouse on the phrase.4__________. Hyperlinks
allow users to jump between diverse pages on the Web in no particular
order. 5________,
and
scientists believe it bears a striking resemblance to the way the
human brain accesses stored information. Hyperlinks make referencing
information on the Web faster and easier than using most traditional
printed documents.

Задание
5.

Read the text again. Choose the best sentence from the list below to
complete each gap.

a) From
a small application, another name for a computer program.

b)
The client’s browser usually differentiates between hyperlinks and
ordinary text by making the hyperlinks a different color or by
underlining

the
hyperlinks.

c)
They can be ordinary personal computers, powerful mainframe
computers, or anywhere in the range between the two.

d)
These are essentially Web sites containing searchable data base of

Uniform
Resource Locators (URLs).

e) A
hardware device that translates information from the computer into
signals that can travel over telephone lines.

f)
This method of accessing information is called associative access.

1. These
   will enable the user to type the desired word or by clicking

on the letters to form it in a utility window.

Задание
6. Choose
the best answer to these questions according to the text.

1. How
is the part of computer hardware, responsible for the best connection
between client and server computers, called?

1. a
   modem,

2. a
   router,

3. an
   applet.

2. What
does a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) stand for?

1. Web
   page address,

2. Web
   document,

3. Internet
   format.

3. What
is the computer language, used in the creation of applets?

1. Ada,

2. C#,

3. Java.

4. What
does the address of a Web document serve for?

1. It
   is used to name web documents.

2. It
   helps the client computer to find the server that holds the page.

3. It
   specifies certain directories and files.

5. What
is the main function of hyperlinks in a client-server communication?

1. Hyperlinks
   substitute traditional printed documents.

2. Hyperlinks
   quicken the search of referencing information.

3. Hyperlinks
   allow users to jump between different pages on the Web in a strict
   order.

Задание
7. Here
are some dictionary definitions of words from the text. Each word has
more than one definition. Choose the definition that fits each of the
words in the text best.

1.
network

a)
a group of broadcasting stations connected to transmit the same
program simultaneously,

b)
a chain of inter connected operations, computers, ect.

2.
file

a)
a collection of related data under a specific name,

b)
a container for keeping papers in order.

3.
code

a)
a set of rules or conventions,

b)
a set of program instructions.

4.
protocol

a)
the ceremonial etiquette accepted as correct in official dealings
between heads of state or diplomatic officials,

b)
the formatting of data in an electronic communications system.

Задание
8.
Find words and expressions which mean the same as the following.

1. admission

2. definite

3. directions

4. to
   decipher

5. various

Задание
9.
Make up an outline of the text (10 – 12 sentences).