Python excel openpyxl сохранить

Introduction

In this article I show how to work Excel with openpyxl.

Environment

Runtime environment is as below.

• python 3.6
• openpyxl 2.5.6

Install

Use openpyxl. The openpyxl official document says ..

openpyxl is a Python library to read/write Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.

However, openpyxl can also work with Mac Excel 2016 on my Macbook Pro.

Let’s install with pip command.

Create new Excel file

Import openpyxl

At first, import Workbook class from openpyxl

1from openpyxl import Workbook

Create Workbook

The Workbook is a Class for Excel file in openpyxl.

Creating Workbook instance works creating a new empty workbook with at least one worksheet.

1# Create a Workbook
2wb = Workbook()

Change the name of Worksheet

Now change the name of Worksheet to “Changed Sheet” .

1ws =  wb.active
2ws.title = "Changed Sheet"

The active property in Workbook instance returns the reference to the active worksheet.

Save file

Save a file as sample_book.xlsx with save function.

1wb.save(filename = 'sample_book.xlsx')

The saved xlsx file exists in the same folder as the program.

Now open the file and check that the file name has been changed correctly.

Open a Excel file that already exists

It is easy to get Workbook instance using load_workbook function.

1from openpyxl import load_workbook
2wb = load_workbook('sample_book.xlsx')
3print(wb.sheetnames)

Conclusion

It is available to ..

• Create Excel file creating Workbook instance
• Save a Excel file with save function
• Change name of default Worksheet with active property
• Open Excel file with load_workbook function

В этом уроке я расскажу, как создать файл excel в Python с помощью библиотеки openpyxl.

Многие приложения, работающие с данными, нуждаются в экспорте этих данных в различные форматы. Очень распространенным и широко используемым форматом являются электронные таблицы.

В Python существуют различные библиотеки для создания файлов excel, одной из самых популярных является openpyxl благодаря простоте использования и тому, что она позволяет как читать, так и записывать электронные таблицы.

Поскольку это внешняя библиотека, первое, что вы должны сделать для использования openpyxl, это установить ее.

Создайте новый каталог для вашего проекта, получите к нему доступ и запустите виртуальную среду.

После активации виртуальной среды выполните следующую команду из терминала для установки openpyxl:

$> pip install openpyxl

Создание файла excel в python

Как вы, возможно, знаете электронные таблицы группируются в книги. Книга – это родительская сущность электронной таблицы (обычно соответствующая файлу excel). В свою очередь, она состоит из одного или нескольких листов.

Книга Excel состоит как минимум из одного листа. Лист, с которым вы работаете, называется активным листом.

Для начала работы с openpyxl вам не нужно сохранять какой-либо файл в файловой системе. Вы просто создаете книгу.

В приведенном ниже коде вы узнаете, как создать книгу в openpyxl:

import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Переменная wb является экземпляром пустой книги. Вновь созданная книга содержит один лист, который является активным. Доступ к нему можно получить через активный атрибут.

Одним из основных свойств листа является его имя, поскольку, как мы увидим в следующем разделе, это позволяет нам обращаться к нему непосредственно через его имя.

В следующем примере показано, как получить доступ к имени активного листа и как его изменить:

>>> import openpyxl
>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> hoja = wb.active
>>> print(f'Active list: {list.title}')
Active list: Sheet
>>> list.title = "Values"
>>> print(f'Active list: {wb.active.title}')
Active list: Values
Code language: PHP (php)

Создание листа

Помимо листа по умолчанию, с помощью openpyxl можно создать несколько листов в книге, используя метод create_sheet() у workbook как показано ниже (продолжение предыдущего примера):

# Добавление листа 'Sheet' в конец (по умолчанию).
>>> list1 = wb.create_sheet("List")
# Добавим лист 'Sheet' в первую позицию. 
# Если "List" существует, добавим цифру 1 в конец имени
>>> list2 = wb.create_sheet("List", 0)
# Добавим лист "Another list" на позицию 1
>>> wb.create_sheet(index=1, title="Another list")
# Вывод на экран названий листов
>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
['List1', 'Another list', 'Values', 'List']
Code language: PHP (php)

Также можно создать копию листа с помощью метода copy_worksheet():

>>> sourse = wb.active
>>> new = wb.copy_worksheet(sourse)
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Доступ к листу

Как я уже говорил в предыдущем разделе, имена листов являются очень важным свойством, поскольку они позволяют нам обращаться к ним напрямую, рассматривая workbook как словарь. Продолжаем пример:

>>> list = wb.active  # Это лист, который находится в индексе 0
>>> print(f'Active list: {list.title}')
Active list: list1
>>> list = wb['Another list']
>>> wb.active = list
>>> print(f'Active list: {wb.active.title}')
Active list: Another list
Code language: PHP (php)

С другой стороны, как мы видели в предыдущем разделе, можно получить список с именами всех листов, обратившись к свойству sheetnames у workbook. Также можно перебирать все листы:

>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
['List1', 'Another list', 'Values', 'List']
>>> for list in wb:
 ...     print(list.title)
List1
Another list
Values
List
Code language: PHP (php)

Доступ к ячейке

До сих пор мы видели, как создать книгу, листы и как получить к ним доступ. Теперь перейдем к самому главному – как получить доступ к значению ячейки и как сохранить данные.

Можно получить доступ к ячейке, рассматривая лист как словарь, где имя ячейки используется в качестве ключа. Это происходит в результате комбинации имени столбца и номера строки.

Вот как получить доступ к ячейке в столбце A и строке 1:

>>> wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
>>> hoja = wb.active
>>> a1 = list["A1"]
>>> print(a1.value)
None
Code language: PHP (php)

Также можно получить доступ к ячейке, используя обозначения строк и столбцов, с помощью метода cell() следующим образом:

>>> b2 = list.cell(row=2, column=2)
>>> print(b2.value)
Code language: PHP (php)

ВАЖНО: Когда создается книга, она не содержит ячеек. Ячейки создаются в памяти по мере обращения к ним, даже если они не содержат никакого значения.

Запись значений в ячейку

В предыдущем разделе вы могли заметить, что при выводе содержимого ячейки (print(a1.value)) всегда возвращалось None. Это происходит потому, что ячейка не содержит никакого значения.

Чтобы присвоить значение определенной ячейке, вы можете сделать это тремя различными способами:

# 1.- Присвоение значения непосредственно ячейке
>>> list["A1"] = 10
>>> a1 = list["A1"]
>>> print(a1.value)
10
# 2.- Использование обозначения строки, столбца со значением аргумента
>>> b1 = list.cell(row=1, column=2, value=20)
>>> print(b1.value)
20
# 3.- Обновление свойства значения ячейки
>>> c1 = list.cell(row=1, column=3)
>>> c1.value = 30
>>> print(c1.value)
30
Code language: PHP (php)

Сохранение списка значений

Присвоение значения ячейке может быть использовано в отдельных ситуациях. Однако в Python часто бывает так, что данные хранятся в списках или кортежах. Для таких случаев, когда вам нужно экспортировать такие данные, я покажу вам более оптимальный способ создания excel-файла с помощью openpyxl.

Представьте, что у вас есть список товаров с названием, артикулом, количеством и ценой, как показано ниже:

products = [
    ('product_1', 'a859', 1500, 9.95),
    ('product_2', 'b125', 600, 4.95),
    ('product_3', 'c764', 200, 19.95),
    ('product_4', 'd399', 2000, 49.95)
]
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Как мы можем экспортировать эти данные в excel с помощью openpyxl? Самый простой способ – использовать метод append() объекта листа.

Вот как это можно сделать:

products = [
    ('product_1', 'a859', 1500, 9.95),
    ('product_2', 'b125', 600, 4.95),
    ('product_3', 'c764', 200, 19.95),
    ('product_4', 'd399', 2000, 49.95)
]
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
list = wb.active
# Создание строки с заголовками
list.append(('Название', 'Артикул', 'Количество', 'Цена'))
for product in products:
    # продукт - кортеж со значениями продукта 
    list.append(product)
Code language: PHP (php)

Сохранение книги excel в Python

В завершение этогй статьи я покажу вам, как сохранить файл excel в Python с помощью openpyxl.

Чтобы сохранить файл excel с помощью openpyxl, достаточно вызвать метод save() у workbook с именем файла. Это позволит сохранить рабочую книгу со всеми листами и данными в каждом из них.

Если мы сделаем это на предыдущем примере , то получим следующий результат:

wb.save('products.xlsx')
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Watch Now This tutorial has a related video course created by the Real Python team. Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Editing Excel Spreadsheets in Python With openpyxl

Excel spreadsheets are one of those things you might have to deal with at some point. Either it’s because your boss loves them or because marketing needs them, you might have to learn how to work with spreadsheets, and that’s when knowing openpyxl comes in handy!

Spreadsheets are a very intuitive and user-friendly way to manipulate large datasets without any prior technical background. That’s why they’re still so commonly used today.

In this article, you’ll learn how to use openpyxl to:

• Manipulate Excel spreadsheets with confidence
• Extract information from spreadsheets
• Create simple or more complex spreadsheets, including adding styles, charts, and so on

This article is written for intermediate developers who have a pretty good knowledge of Python data structures, such as dicts and lists, but also feel comfortable around OOP and more intermediate level topics.

from openpyxl import Workbook

workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active

sheet["A1"] = "hello"
sheet["B1"] = "world!"

workbook.save(filename="hello_world.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
>>> workbook = load_workbook(filename="sample.xlsx")
>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Sheet 1']

>>> sheet = workbook.active
>>> sheet
<Worksheet "Sheet 1">

>>> sheet.title
'Sheet 1'

>>> sheet["A1"]
<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A1>

>>> sheet["A1"].value
'marketplace'

>>> sheet["F10"].value
"G-Shock Men's Grey Sport Watch"

>>> sheet.cell(row=10, column=6)
<Cell 'Sheet 1'.F10>

>>> sheet.cell(row=10, column=6).value
"G-Shock Men's Grey Sport Watch"

>>> sheet["A1:C2"]
((<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.C1>),
 (<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A2>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B2>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.C2>))

>>> # Get all cells from column A
>>> sheet["A"]
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A1>,
 <Cell 'Sheet 1'.A2>,
 ...
 <Cell 'Sheet 1'.A99>,
 <Cell 'Sheet 1'.A100>)

>>> # Get all cells for a range of columns
>>> sheet["A:B"]
((<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A1>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.A2>,
  ...
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.A99>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.A100>),
 (<Cell 'Sheet 1'.B1>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B2>,
  ...
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B99>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B100>))

>>> # Get all cells from row 5
>>> sheet[5]
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A5>,
 <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B5>,
 ...
 <Cell 'Sheet 1'.N5>,
 <Cell 'Sheet 1'.O5>)

>>> # Get all cells for a range of rows
>>> sheet[5:6]
((<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A5>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B5>,
  ...
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.N5>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.O5>),
 (<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A6>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B6>,
  ...
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.N6>,
  <Cell 'Sheet 1'.O6>))

>>> for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1,
...                            max_row=2,
...                            min_col=1,
...                            max_col=3):
...     print(row)
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.C1>)
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A2>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B2>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.C2>)


>>> for column in sheet.iter_cols(min_row=1,
...                               max_row=2,
...                               min_col=1,
...                               max_col=3):
...     print(column)
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.A2>)
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B2>)
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.C1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.C2>)

>>> for value in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1,
...                              max_row=2,
...                              min_col=1,
...                              max_col=3,
...                              values_only=True):
...     print(value)
('marketplace', 'customer_id', 'review_id')
('US', 3653882, 'R3O9SGZBVQBV76')

>>> for row in sheet.rows:
...     print(row)
(<Cell 'Sheet 1'.A1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.C1>
...
<Cell 'Sheet 1'.M100>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.N100>, <Cell 'Sheet 1'.O100>)

>>> for value in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1,
...                              max_row=1,
...                              values_only=True):
...     print(value)
('marketplace', 'customer_id', 'review_id', 'product_id', ...)

>>> for value in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2,
...                              min_col=4,
...                              max_col=7,
...                              values_only=True):
...     print(value)
('B00FALQ1ZC', 937001370, 'Invicta Women's 15150 "Angel" 18k Yellow...)
('B00D3RGO20', 484010722, "Kenneth Cole New York Women's KC4944...)
...

import json
from openpyxl import load_workbook

workbook = load_workbook(filename="sample.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active

products = {}

# Using the values_only because you want to return the cells' values
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2,
                           min_col=4,
                           max_col=7,
                           values_only=True):
    product_id = row[0]
    product = {
        "parent": row[1],
        "title": row[2],
        "category": row[3]
    }
    products[product_id] = product

# Using json here to be able to format the output for displaying later
print(json.dumps(products))

{
  "B00FALQ1ZC": {
    "parent": 937001370,
    "title": "Invicta Women's 15150 ...",
    "category": "Watches"
  },
  "B00D3RGO20": {
    "parent": 484010722,
    "title": "Kenneth Cole New York ...",
    "category": "Watches"
  }
}

import datetime
from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Product:
    id: str
    parent: str
    title: str
    category: str

@dataclass
class Review:
    id: str
    customer_id: str
    stars: int
    headline: str
    body: str
    date: datetime.datetime

>>> for value in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1,
...                              max_row=1,
...                              values_only=True):
...     print(value)
('marketplace', 'customer_id', 'review_id', 'product_id', ...)

>>> # Or an alternative
>>> for cell in sheet[1]:
...     print(cell.value)
marketplace
customer_id
review_id
product_id
product_parent
...

# Product fields
PRODUCT_ID = 3
PRODUCT_PARENT = 4
PRODUCT_TITLE = 5
PRODUCT_CATEGORY = 6

# Review fields
REVIEW_ID = 2
REVIEW_CUSTOMER = 1
REVIEW_STARS = 7
REVIEW_HEADLINE = 12
REVIEW_BODY = 13
REVIEW_DATE = 14

from datetime import datetime
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from classes import Product, Review
from mapping import PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT_PARENT, PRODUCT_TITLE, 
    PRODUCT_CATEGORY, REVIEW_DATE, REVIEW_ID, REVIEW_CUSTOMER, 
    REVIEW_STARS, REVIEW_HEADLINE, REVIEW_BODY

# Using the read_only method since you're not gonna be editing the spreadsheet
workbook = load_workbook(filename="sample.xlsx", read_only=True)
sheet = workbook.active

products = []
reviews = []

# Using the values_only because you just want to return the cell value
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2, values_only=True):
    product = Product(id=row[PRODUCT_ID],
                      parent=row[PRODUCT_PARENT],
                      title=row[PRODUCT_TITLE],
                      category=row[PRODUCT_CATEGORY])
    products.append(product)

    # You need to parse the date from the spreadsheet into a datetime format
    spread_date = row[REVIEW_DATE]
    parsed_date = datetime.strptime(spread_date, "%Y-%m-%d")

    review = Review(id=row[REVIEW_ID],
                    customer_id=row[REVIEW_CUSTOMER],
                    stars=row[REVIEW_STARS],
                    headline=row[REVIEW_HEADLINE],
                    body=row[REVIEW_BODY],
                    date=parsed_date)
    reviews.append(review)

print(products[0])
print(reviews[0])

Product(id='B00FALQ1ZC', parent=937001370, ...)
Review(id='R3O9SGZBVQBV76', customer_id=3653882, ...)

from openpyxl import load_workbook

# Start by opening the spreadsheet and selecting the main sheet
workbook = load_workbook(filename="hello_world.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active

# Write what you want into a specific cell
sheet["C1"] = "writing ;)"

# Save the spreadsheet
workbook.save(filename="hello_world_append.xlsx")

 1from openpyxl import Workbook
 2
 3filename = "hello_world.xlsx"
 4
 5workbook = Workbook()
 6sheet = workbook.active
 7
 8sheet["A1"] = "hello"
 9sheet["B1"] = "world!"
10
11workbook.save(filename=filename)

>>> def print_rows():
...     for row in sheet.iter_rows(values_only=True):
...         print(row)

>>> sheet["A1"] = "value"

>>> cell = sheet["A1"]
>>> cell
<Cell 'Sheet'.A1>

>>> cell.value
'hello'

>>> cell.value = "hey"
>>> cell.value
'hey'

>>> # Before, our spreadsheet has only 1 row
>>> print_rows()
('hello', 'world!')

>>> # Try adding a value to row 10
>>> sheet["B10"] = "test"
>>> print_rows()
('hello', 'world!')
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, 'test')

>>> print_rows()
('hello', 'world!')

>>> # Insert a column before the existing column 1 ("A")
>>> sheet.insert_cols(idx=1)
>>> print_rows()
(None, 'hello', 'world!')

>>> # Insert 5 columns between column 2 ("B") and 3 ("C")
>>> sheet.insert_cols(idx=3, amount=5)
>>> print_rows()
(None, 'hello', None, None, None, None, None, 'world!')

>>> # Delete the created columns
>>> sheet.delete_cols(idx=3, amount=5)
>>> sheet.delete_cols(idx=1)
>>> print_rows()
('hello', 'world!')

>>> # Insert a new row in the beginning
>>> sheet.insert_rows(idx=1)
>>> print_rows()
(None, None)
('hello', 'world!')

>>> # Insert 3 new rows in the beginning
>>> sheet.insert_rows(idx=1, amount=3)
>>> print_rows()
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
(None, None)
('hello', 'world!')

>>> # Delete the first 4 rows
>>> sheet.delete_rows(idx=1, amount=4)
>>> print_rows()
('hello', 'world!')

>>> # Let's say you have two sheets: "Products" and "Company Sales"
>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Products', 'Company Sales']

>>> # You can select a sheet using its title
>>> products_sheet = workbook["Products"]
>>> sales_sheet = workbook["Company Sales"]

>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Products', 'Company Sales']

>>> products_sheet = workbook["Products"]
>>> products_sheet.title = "New Products"

>>> workbook.sheetnames
['New Products', 'Company Sales']

>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Products', 'Company Sales']

>>> operations_sheet = workbook.create_sheet("Operations")
>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Products', 'Company Sales', 'Operations']

>>> # You can also define the position to create the sheet at
>>> hr_sheet = workbook.create_sheet("HR", 0)
>>> workbook.sheetnames
['HR', 'Products', 'Company Sales', 'Operations']

>>> # To remove them, just pass the sheet as an argument to the .remove()
>>> workbook.remove(operations_sheet)
>>> workbook.sheetnames
['HR', 'Products', 'Company Sales']

>>> workbook.remove(hr_sheet)
>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Products', 'Company Sales']

>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Products', 'Company Sales']

>>> products_sheet = workbook["Products"]
>>> workbook.copy_worksheet(products_sheet)
<Worksheet "Products Copy">

>>> workbook.sheetnames
['Products', 'Company Sales', 'Products Copy']

>>> workbook = load_workbook(filename="sample.xlsx")
>>> sheet = workbook.active
>>> sheet.freeze_panes = "C2"
>>> workbook.save("sample_frozen.xlsx")

>>> # Check the used spreadsheet space using the attribute "dimensions"
>>> sheet.dimensions
'A1:O100'

>>> sheet.auto_filter.ref = "A1:O100"
>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_with_filters.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl.utils import FORMULAE
>>> FORMULAE
frozenset({'ABS',
           'ACCRINT',
           'ACCRINTM',
           'ACOS',
           'ACOSH',
           'AMORDEGRC',
           'AMORLINC',
           'AND',
           ...
           'YEARFRAC',
           'YIELD',
           'YIELDDISC',
           'YIELDMAT',
           'ZTEST'})

>>> # Star rating is column "H"
>>> sheet["P2"] = "=AVERAGE(H2:H100)"
>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_formulas.xlsx")

>>> # The helpful votes are counted on column "I"
>>> sheet["P3"] = '=COUNTIF(I2:I100, ">0")'
>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_formulas.xlsx")

>>> # Import necessary style classes
>>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, Color, Alignment, Border, Side

>>> # Create a few styles
>>> bold_font = Font(bold=True)
>>> big_red_text = Font(color="00FF0000", size=20)
>>> center_aligned_text = Alignment(horizontal="center")
>>> double_border_side = Side(border_style="double")
>>> square_border = Border(top=double_border_side,
...                        right=double_border_side,
...                        bottom=double_border_side,
...                        left=double_border_side)

>>> # Style some cells!
>>> sheet["A2"].font = bold_font
>>> sheet["A3"].font = big_red_text
>>> sheet["A4"].alignment = center_aligned_text
>>> sheet["A5"].border = square_border
>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_styles.xlsx")

>>> # Reusing the same styles from the example above
>>> sheet["A6"].alignment = center_aligned_text
>>> sheet["A6"].font = big_red_text
>>> sheet["A6"].border = square_border
>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_styles.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle

>>> # Let's create a style template for the header row
>>> header = NamedStyle(name="header")
>>> header.font = Font(bold=True)
>>> header.border = Border(bottom=Side(border_style="thin"))
>>> header.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

>>> # Now let's apply this to all first row (header) cells
>>> header_row = sheet[1]
>>> for cell in header_row:
...     cell.style = header

>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_styles.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill
>>> from openpyxl.styles.differential import DifferentialStyle
>>> from openpyxl.formatting.rule import Rule

>>> red_background = PatternFill(fgColor="00FF0000")
>>> diff_style = DifferentialStyle(fill=red_background)
>>> rule = Rule(type="expression", dxf=diff_style)
>>> rule.formula = ["$H1<3"]
>>> sheet.conditional_formatting.add("A1:O100", rule)
>>> workbook.save("sample_conditional_formatting.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl.formatting.rule import ColorScaleRule
>>> color_scale_rule = ColorScaleRule(start_type="min",
...                                   start_color="00FF0000",  # Red
...                                   end_type="max",
...                                   end_color="0000FF00")  # Green

>>> # Again, let's add this gradient to the star ratings, column "H"
>>> sheet.conditional_formatting.add("H2:H100", color_scale_rule)
>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_conditional_formatting_color_scale.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl.formatting.rule import ColorScaleRule
>>> color_scale_rule = ColorScaleRule(start_type="num",
...                                   start_value=1,
...                                   start_color="00FF0000",  # Red
...                                   mid_type="num",
...                                   mid_value=3,
...                                   mid_color="00FFFF00",  # Yellow
...                                   end_type="num",
...                                   end_value=5,
...                                   end_color="0000FF00")  # Green

>>> # Again, let's add this gradient to the star ratings, column "H"
>>> sheet.conditional_formatting.add("H2:H100", color_scale_rule)
>>> workbook.save(filename="sample_conditional_formatting_color_scale_3.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl.formatting.rule import IconSetRule

>>> icon_set_rule = IconSetRule("5Arrows", "num", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
>>> sheet.conditional_formatting.add("H2:H100", icon_set_rule)
>>> workbook.save("sample_conditional_formatting_icon_set.xlsx")

>>> from openpyxl.formatting.rule import DataBarRule

>>> data_bar_rule = DataBarRule(start_type="num",
...                             start_value=1,
...                             end_type="num",
...                             end_value="5",
...                             color="0000FF00")  # Green
>>> sheet.conditional_formatting.add("H2:H100", data_bar_rule)
>>> workbook.save("sample_conditional_formatting_data_bar.xlsx")

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

# Let's use the hello_world spreadsheet since it has less data
workbook = load_workbook(filename="hello_world.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active

logo = Image("logo.png")

# A bit of resizing to not fill the whole spreadsheet with the logo
logo.height = 150
logo.width = 150

sheet.add_image(logo, "A3")
workbook.save(filename="hello_world_logo.xlsx")

 1from openpyxl import Workbook
 2from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference
 3
 4workbook = Workbook()
 5sheet = workbook.active
 6
 7# Let's create some sample sales data
 8rows = [
 9    ["Product", "Online", "Store"],
10    [1, 30, 45],
11    [2, 40, 30],
12    [3, 40, 25],
13    [4, 50, 30],
14    [5, 30, 25],
15    [6, 25, 35],
16    [7, 20, 40],
17]
18
19for row in rows:
20    sheet.append(row)

22chart = BarChart()
23data = Reference(worksheet=sheet,
24                 min_row=1,
25                 max_row=8,
26                 min_col=2,
27                 max_col=3)
28
29chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
30sheet.add_chart(chart, "E2")
31
32workbook.save("chart.xlsx")

 1import random
 2from openpyxl import Workbook
 3from openpyxl.chart import LineChart, Reference
 4
 5workbook = Workbook()
 6sheet = workbook.active
 7
 8# Let's create some sample sales data
 9rows = [
10    ["", "January", "February", "March", "April",
11    "May", "June", "July", "August", "September",
12     "October", "November", "December"],
13    [1, ],
14    [2, ],
15    [3, ],
16]
17
18for row in rows:
19    sheet.append(row)
20
21for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2,
22                           max_row=4,
23                           min_col=2,
24                           max_col=13):
25    for cell in row:
26        cell.value = random.randrange(5, 100)

28chart = LineChart()
29data = Reference(worksheet=sheet,
30                 min_row=2,
31                 max_row=4,
32                 min_col=1,
33                 max_col=13)
34
35chart.add_data(data, from_rows=True, titles_from_data=True)
36sheet.add_chart(chart, "C6")
37
38workbook.save("line_chart.xlsx")

cats = Reference(worksheet=sheet,
                 min_row=1,
                 max_row=1,
                 min_col=2,
                 max_col=13)
chart.set_categories(cats)

chart.x_axis.title = "Months"
chart.y_axis.title = "Sales (per unit)"

# You can play with this by choosing any number between 1 and 48
chart.style = 24

import random
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import LineChart, Reference

workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active

# Let's create some sample sales data
rows = [
    ["", "January", "February", "March", "April",
    "May", "June", "July", "August", "September",
     "October", "November", "December"],
    [1, ],
    [2, ],
    [3, ],
]

for row in rows:
    sheet.append(row)

for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2,
                           max_row=4,
                           min_col=2,
                           max_col=13):
    for cell in row:
        cell.value = random.randrange(5, 100)

# Create a LineChart and add the main data
chart = LineChart()
data = Reference(worksheet=sheet,
                           min_row=2,
                           max_row=4,
                           min_col=1,
                           max_col=13)
chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True, from_rows=True)

# Add categories to the chart
cats = Reference(worksheet=sheet,
                 min_row=1,
                 max_row=1,
                 min_col=2,
                 max_col=13)
chart.set_categories(cats)

# Rename the X and Y Axis
chart.x_axis.title = "Months"
chart.y_axis.title = "Sales (per unit)"

# Apply a specific Style
chart.style = 24

# Save!
sheet.add_chart(chart, "C6")
workbook.save("line_chart.xlsx")

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List

@dataclass
class Sale:
    quantity: int

@dataclass
class Product:
    id: str
    name: str
    sales: List[Sale]

 1import random
 2
 3# Ignore these for now. You'll use them in a sec ;)
 4from openpyxl import Workbook
 5from openpyxl.chart import LineChart, Reference
 6
 7from db_classes import Product, Sale
 8
 9products = []
10
11# Let's create 5 products
12for idx in range(1, 6):
13    sales = []
14
15    # Create 5 months of sales
16    for _ in range(5):
17        sale = Sale(quantity=random.randrange(5, 100))
18        sales.append(sale)
19
20    product = Product(id=str(idx),
21                      name="Product %s" % idx,
22                      sales=sales)
23    products.append(product)

25workbook = Workbook()
26sheet = workbook.active
27
28# Append column names first
29sheet.append(["Product ID", "Product Name", "Month 1",
30              "Month 2", "Month 3", "Month 4", "Month 5"])
31
32# Append the data
33for product in products:
34    data = [product.id, product.name]
35    for sale in product.sales:
36        data.append(sale.quantity)
37    sheet.append(data)

38chart = LineChart()
39data = Reference(worksheet=sheet,
40                 min_row=2,
41                 max_row=6,
42                 min_col=2,
43                 max_col=7)
44
45chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True, from_rows=True)
46sheet.add_chart(chart, "B8")
47
48cats = Reference(worksheet=sheet,
49                 min_row=1,
50                 max_row=1,
51                 min_col=3,
52                 max_col=7)
53chart.set_categories(cats)
54
55chart.x_axis.title = "Months"
56chart.y_axis.title = "Sales (per unit)"
57
58workbook.save(filename="oop_sample.xlsx")

 1import pandas as pd
 2
 3data = {
 4    "Product Name": ["Product 1", "Product 2"],
 5    "Sales Month 1": [10, 20],
 6    "Sales Month 2": [5, 35],
 7}
 8df = pd.DataFrame(data)

10from openpyxl import Workbook
11from openpyxl.utils.dataframe import dataframe_to_rows
12
13workbook = Workbook()
14sheet = workbook.active
15
16for row in dataframe_to_rows(df, index=False, header=True):
17    sheet.append(row)
18
19workbook.save("pandas.xlsx")

import pandas as pd
from openpyxl import load_workbook

workbook = load_workbook(filename="sample.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active

values = sheet.values
df = pd.DataFrame(values)

import pandas as pd
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from mapping import REVIEW_ID

workbook = load_workbook(filename="sample.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active

data = sheet.values

# Set the first row as the columns for the DataFrame
cols = next(data)
data = list(data)

# Set the field "review_id" as the indexes for each row
idx = [row[REVIEW_ID] for row in data]

df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=idx, columns=cols)

>>> df.columns
Index(['marketplace', 'customer_id', 'review_id', 'product_id',
       'product_parent', 'product_title', 'product_category', 'star_rating',
       'helpful_votes', 'total_votes', 'vine', 'verified_purchase',
       'review_headline', 'review_body', 'review_date'],
      dtype='object')

>>> # Get first 10 reviews' star rating
>>> df["star_rating"][:10]
R3O9SGZBVQBV76    5
RKH8BNC3L5DLF     5
R2HLE8WKZSU3NL    2
R31U3UH5AZ42LL    5
R2SV659OUJ945Y    4
RA51CP8TR5A2L     5
RB2Q7DLDN6TH6     5
R2RHFJV0UYBK3Y    1
R2Z6JOQ94LFHEP    5
RX27XIIWY5JPB     4
Name: star_rating, dtype: int64

>>> # Grab review with id "R2EQL1V1L6E0C9", using the index
>>> df.loc["R2EQL1V1L6E0C9"]
marketplace               US
customer_id         15305006
review_id     R2EQL1V1L6E0C9
product_id        B004LURNO6
product_parent     892860326
review_headline   Five Stars
review_body          Love it
review_date       2015-08-31
Name: R2EQL1V1L6E0C9, dtype: object

Watch Now This tutorial has a related video course created by the Real Python team. Watch it together with the written tutorial to deepen your understanding: Editing Excel Spreadsheets in Python With openpyxl

This is a comprehensive Python Openpyxl Tutorial to read and write MS Excel files in Python. Openpyxl is
a Python module to deal with Excel files without involving MS Excel
application software. It is used extensively in different operations
from data copying to data mining and data analysis by computer
operators to data analysts and data scientists. openpyxl is the most used module in python to handle excel files. If you have to read data from excel, or you want to write data or draw some charts, accessing sheets, renaming sheets, adding or deleting sheets, formatting and styling in sheets or any other task, openpyxl will do the job for you.

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First
we discuss some of the keywords used in Python excel relationship which
are used in openpyxl programming for excel.

Basics for Python excel openpyxl work:

• An Excel file is usually called as Spreadsheet however in
  openpyxl we call it Workbook.
• A single Workbook is usually saved in a file with extension
       .xlsx
• A Workbook may have as less as one sheet and as many as
  dozens of worksheets.
• Active sheet is the worksheet user is viewing or viewed
  before closing the file.
• Each sheet consists of vertical columns, known as Column
  starting from A.
• Each sheet consists of rows, called as Row. Numbering
  starts from 1.
• Row and column meet at a box called Cell. Each cell has
  specific address in refrence to Row and Column. The cell may contain
  number, formula or text.
• The grid of cells make the work area or worksheet in excel.

The start: Reading data from an Excel sheet:

Lets suppose we have this Excel file which we are going to use in our
example. Its name is testfile.xlsx. You can either create a new excel
file and fill in the data as it is shown in figure or download it and
save it in your root folder. Mean the python folder in which all python
files are located.

Sample file for reading. testfile.xlsx    Its better
that you create excel file and fill in the same data.

Now after downloading and installing openpyxl and after having this
testfile in root folder lets get to the task.In case you don’t know
what is your root directory for python. Type in the following code at
prompt.

>>>import os
>>>os.getcwd(
)

We will import operating system, and then call function get current working directory  
           
 getcwd( )
it will tell the current working directory for python, the result may
be like that, as it is in my interpreter.

‘C:\Python34’

Yes you are wise enough to know that I am using Python 3.4 for this
tutorial.

If you want to change the
current working directory you can use the command    
   
os.chdir( ). For example you have a file named abc.xlsx saved in myfiles folder which is in C: root directory, then you may use

>>>os.ch.dir(«c:/myfiles»)

With this code now you can work on files saved in myfiles directory on C drive. If you want to work with excel files in Python for a Live 1 on 1 Python Openpyxl Training you may

contact us live 1 on 1 interactive Openpyxl training by an expert. Learn each and everything about how to deal with excel files in python like reading, writing, sorting, editing, making high quality graphs and charts in matplotlib.

Opening excel files in Python:

First we will import  openpyxl module with this statement

>>>
import openpyxl

If there is no error message then it would mean openpyxl has been
correctly installed and now it is available to work with Excel files.

Next thing we are going to do is to load the Workbook testfile.xlsx
with the help of following code

>>>wb= openpyxl.load_workbook(‘testfile.xlsx’)

openpyxl.load_workbook(‘testfile.xlsx’)  is a function. It
takes the file name as parameter or argument and returns a workbook
datatype. Workbook datatype infact represents the file just like as
File object represents a text file that is opened. After loading the
testfile.xlsx we will see what type of handle is available by typing

>>type
(wb)
<class
‘openpyxl.workbook.workbook.Workbook’>

The green colored line should be seen on the python shell. If you get
this line up to here then all is well. Now a summary of commands we
have typed with their output in python shell. Command typed by us is
shown in blue, while response of interpreter is shown in green here and
through out this tutorial.

>>>
import os
>>>
os.getcwd()
‘C:\Python34’
>>>
import openpyxl
>>>
wb=openpyxl.load_workbook(‘testfile.xlsx’)
>>>
type(wb)
<class
‘openpyxl.workbook.workbook.Workbook’>
>>>

Accessing sheets from the loaded workbook:

We have to know the name of excel file to access it, now we can read
and know about it more. To get information about the number of sheets
in a workbook, and their names there is a function get_sheet_names( ).
This function returns the names of the sheets in a workbook and you can
count the names to tell about total number of sheets in current
workbook. The code will be

>>> wb.get_sheet_names()
[‘Sheet1’,
‘Sheet2’, ‘Sheet3’]

You can see that the function has returned three sheet names, which
means the file has three sheets. Now you can do a little practice.
Change the sheet names, save the file. Load the file again and see the
results. We change the sheet names as      
   S1, S2, S3      
     and then save the Excel file. We have
to load the file again so that changes appear in the response. We are
creating a new workbook object. Code will remain same. Write in the
following code.

>>> wb=openpyxl.load_workbook(‘testfile.xlsx’)
>>>
wb.get_sheet_names()
[‘S1,
‘S2’, ‘S3’]

Now we see that sheet names are changed in output. You can practice a
bit more. Please keep in mind, the more you work on this, the more you
learn. Books and tutorials are for guidance, you have to be creative to
master the art. Now change the sheet names to their orginal ones again.
You will have to load the file once again for changes to take effect.

After knowing names we can access any sheet at one time. Lets suppose
we want to access Sheet3. Following code should be written

>>> import openpyxl
>>>
wb=openpyxl.load_workbook(‘testfile.xlsx’)
>>>
wb.get_sheet_names()
[‘Sheet1’,
‘Sheet2’, ‘Sheet3’]
>>>
sheet=wb.get_sheet_by_name(‘Sheet3’)

the function get_sheet_by_name(‘Sheet3’)
is used to access a particular sheet. This function takes the name of
sheet as argument and returns a sheet object. We store that in a
variable and can use it like…

>>> sheet
<Worksheet
«Sheet3»>
>>>
type(sheet)
<class
‘openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet’>
>>>
sheet.title
‘Sheet3’
>>>

if we write sheet
it will tell which sheet is it pointing to, as in code, the shell
replies with Worksheet «Sheet3».

If we want to ask type of sheet object. type(sheet)

It will tell what is the object sheet pointing to?

>>>
type(sheet)

<class ‘openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet.Worksheet’>

sheet.title tells the title of sheet that is referenced by sheet
object.

Some more code with sheet. If we want to access the active sheet. The
interpreter will write the name of active sheet>

>>>
wb.active
<Worksheet
«Sheet1»>

Accessing data in Cells of Worksheet:

For accessing data from sheet cells we refer by sheet and then the cell
address.

>>>
sheet[‘A2’].value
datetime.datetime(2014,
7, 6, 4, 50, 30)

Another way of accessing cell data is like

>>>
e=sheet[‘B2’]
>>>
e.value
‘AB’
>>>
e.row
2
>>>
e.column
‘B’
>>>

Getting data from cells with the help of rows and columns:

>>> sheet.cell(row=2, column=4)
<Cell
Sheet1.D2>
>>>
sheet.cell(row=2, column=4).value
‘Pencil’

Instead of getting one value from a column, now we print whole column,
see the syntax. Ofcourse we will use iteration else we will have to
write print statement again and again.
For printing whole column the code will be

>>> for x in range (1,9):
   
print(x,sheet.cell(row=x,column=4).value)

   

1
Item
2
Pencil
3
Binder
4
Pencil
5
Pen
6
Pencil
7
Binder
8
Pencil
>>>

Now after printing the one complete column, what comes next? Print
multiple columns, and as our file is a small one, we print all the
columns here. See the code here.

for y in range (1,9,1):
   
print(sheet.cell(row=y,column=1).value,sheet.cell(row=y,column=2).value,

sheet.cell(row=y,column=3).value,sheet.cell(row=y,column=4).value,
sheet.cell(row=y,column=5).value, sheet.cell(row=y,column=6).value,
sheet.cell(row=y,column=7).value,sheet.cell(row=y,column=8).value)

This code will print all the columns in the worksheet. Hence upto now,
we accessed an excel file, loaded it in memory, accessed sheets, and in
the end accessed individual cells, keep tuned for next. (Professor M.N)

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Everything you do in Microsoft Excel, can be automated with Python. So why not use the power of Python and make your life easy. You can make intelligent and thinking Excel sheets, bringing the power of logic and thinking of Python to Excel which is usually static, hence bringing flexibility in Excel and a number of opportunities.

How to write to Excel Files in Python

Microsoft Excel is probably one of the highly used data storage applications. A huge proportion of small to medium size businesses fulfill their analytics requirement using Excel.

However, analyzing huge amount of data in Excel can become highly tedious and time-consuming. You could build customized data processing and analytics application using Visual Basic(VBA), the language that powers the Excel sheets. However, learning VBA could be difficult and perhaps, not worth it.

However, if you have a little knowledge of Python, you could build highly professional Business Intelligence using Excel data, without the need of a database. Using Python with Excel could be a game changer for your business.

Sections Covered

1. Basic Information about Excel
2. What is Openpyxl and how to install it?
3. Reading data from Excel in Python
4. Reading multiple cells from Excel in Python
5. Find the max row and column number of an Excel sheet in Python
6. How to iterate over Excel rows and columns in Python?
7. Create a new Excel file with Python
8. Writing data to Excel in Python
9. Appending data to Excel in Python
10. Manipulating Excel Sheets in Python
11. Practical usage example of data analysis of Excel sheets in Python

Basic Information about Excel

Before beginning this Openpyxl tutorial, you need to keep the following details in mind.

1. Excel files are called Workbooks.
2. Each Workbook can contain multiple sheets.
3. Every sheet consists of rows starting from 1 and columns starting from A.
4. Rows and columns together make up a cell.
5. Any type of data can be stored.

What is Openpyxl and how to install it?

The Openpyxl module in Python is used to handle Excel files without involving third-party Microsoft application software. It is arguably, the best python excel library that allows you to perform various Excel operations and automate excel reports using Python. You can perform all kinds of tasks using Openpyxl like:-

1. Reading data
2. Writing data
3. Editing Excel files
4. Drawing graphs and charts
5. Working with multiple sheets
6. Sheet Styling etc.

You can install Openpyxl module by typing pip install openpyxl in your command line.

pip install openpyxl

Reading data from Excel in Python

To import an excel file in Python, use the load_workbook method from Openpyxl library.

Let’s import an Excel file named wb1.xlsx in Python using Openpyxl module. It has the following data as shown in the image below.

Step 1 — Import the load_workbook method from Openpyxl.

from openpyxl import load_workbook

Step 2 — Provide the file location for the Excel file you want to open in Python.

   wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

If your Excel file is present in the same directory as the python file, you don’t need to provide to entire file location.

Step 3 — Choose the first active sheet present in the workbook using wb.active attribute.

   sheet = wb.active

The above points are a standard way of accessing Excel sheets using Python. You will see them being used multiple times through out this article.

Let’s read all the data present in Row 1 (header row).

Method 1 — Reading data through Excel cell name in Python

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

print(sheet["A1"].value)
print(sheet["B1"].value)
print(sheet["C1"].value)
print(sheet["D1"].value)

Output

ProductId
ProductName
Cost per Unit
Quantity

Method 2 — Reading data from Excel using cell() method in Python

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

print(sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value)
print(sheet.cell(row=1, column=2).value)
print(sheet.cell(row=1, column=3).value)
print(sheet.cell(row=1, column=4).value)

Output

ProductId
ProductName
Cost per Unit
Quantity

Reading Multiple Cells from Excel in Python

You can also read multiple cells from an Excel workbook. Let’s understand this through various examples. Refer to the image of the wb1.xlsx file above for clarity.

Method 1 — Reading a range of cells in Excel using cell names

To read the data from a specific range of cells in your Excel sheet, you need to slice your sheet object through both the cells.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells from A1 to D11
print(sheet["A1:D11"])

Output

((<Cell 'Sheet1'.A1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C1>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D1>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C2>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D2>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C3>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D3>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A4>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B4>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C4>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D4>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A5>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B5>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C5>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D5>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A6>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B6>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C6>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D6>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A7>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B7>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C7>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D7>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A8>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B8>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C8>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D8>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A9>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B9>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C9>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D9>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A10>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B10>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C10>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D10>), 
 (<Cell 'Sheet1'.A11>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.B11>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.C11>, <Cell 'Sheet1'.D11>))

You can see that by slicing the sheet data from A1:D11, it returned us tuples of row data inside a tuple. In order to read the values of every cell returned, you can iterate over each row and use .value.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells from A1 to D11
for row in sheet["A1:D11"]:
    print ([x.value for x in row])

Output

['ProductId', 'ProductName', 'Cost per Unit', 'Quantity']
[1, 'Pencil', '$0.5', 200]
[2, 'Pen', '$1', 500]
[3, 'Eraser', '$0.25', 100]
[4, 'Sharpner', '$0.75', 100]
[5, 'Files', '$3', 50]
[6, 'A4 Size Paper', '$9', 10]
[7, 'Pencil Box', '$12', 20]
[8, 'Pen Stand', '$5.5', 10]
[9, 'Notebook', '$2', 50]
[10, 'Marker', '$1', 75]

Method 2 — Reading a single row in Excel using cell name

To read a single row in your Excel sheet, just access the single row number from your sheet object.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells in row 1
for data in sheet["1"]:
    print(data.value)

Output

ProductId
ProductName
Cost per Unit
Quantity

Method 3 — Reading all rows in Excel using rows attribute

To read all the rows, use sheet.rows to iterate over rows with Openpyxl. You receive a tuple element per row by using the sheet.rows attribute.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells in row 1
for row in sheet.rows:
    print([data.value for data in row])

Output

['ProductId', 'ProductName', 'Cost per Unit', 'Quantity']
[1, 'Pencil', '$0.5', 200]
[2, 'Pen', '$1', 500]
[3, 'Eraser', '$0.25', 100]
[4, 'Sharpner', '$0.75', 100]
[5, 'Files', '$3', 50]
[6, 'A4 Size Paper', '$9', 10]
[7, 'Pencil Box', '$12', 20]
[8, 'Pen Stand', '$5.5', 10]
[9, 'Notebook', '$2', 50]
[10, 'Marker', '$1', 75]

Method 4 — Reading a single column in Excel using cell name

Similar to reading a single row, you can read the data in a single column of your Excel sheet by its alphabet.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells in column A
for data in sheet["A"]:
    print(data.value)

Output

ProductId
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Method 5 — Reading all the columns in Excel using columns attribute

To read all the data as a tuple of the columns in your Excel sheet, use sheet.columns attribute to iterate over all columns with Openpyxl.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all columns
for col in sheet.columns:
    print([data.value for data in col])

Output

['ProductId', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
['ProductName', 'Pencil', 'Pen', 'Eraser', 'Sharpner', 'Files', 'A4 Size Paper', 'Pencil Box', 'Pen Stand', 'Notebook', 'Marker']
['Cost per Unit', '$0.5', '$1', '$0.25', '$0.75', '$3', '$9', '$12', '$5.5', '$2', '$1']
['Quantity', 200, 500, 100, 100, 50, 10, 20, 10, 50, 75]

Method 6 — Reading all the data in Excel

To read all the data present in your Excel sheet, you don’t need to index the sheet object. You can just iterate over it.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells in Excel
for row in sheet:
    print([data.value for data in row])

Output

['ProductId', 'ProductName', 'Cost per Unit', 'Quantity']
[1, 'Pencil', '$0.5', 200]
[2, 'Pen', '$1', 500]
[3, 'Eraser', '$0.25', 100]
[4, 'Sharpner', '$0.75', 100]
[5, 'Files', '$3', 50]
[6, 'A4 Size Paper', '$9', 10]
[7, 'Pencil Box', '$12', 20]
[8, 'Pen Stand', '$5.5', 10]
[9, 'Notebook', '$2', 50]
[10, 'Marker', '$1', 75]

Find the max row and column number of an Excel Sheet in Python

To find the max row and column number from your Excel sheet in Python, use sheet.max_row and sheet.max_column attributes in Openpyxl.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

print(f"Max row in the active sheet is {sheet.max_row}")
print(f"Max column in the active sheet is {sheet.max_column}")

Output

Max row in the active sheet is 11
Max column in the active sheet is 4

Note — If you update a cell with a value, the sheet.max_row and sheet.max_column values also change, even though you haven’t saved your changes.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('pylenin.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

sheet["A1"].value = "Lenin"
print(sheet.max_row)

sheet["A2"].value = "Mishra"
print(sheet.max_row)

# wb.save('pylenin.xlsx')

Output

1
2

How to iterate over Excel rows and columns in Python?

Openpyxl offers two commonly used methods called iter_rows and iter_cols to iterate over Excel rows and columns in Python.

1. iter_rows() — Returns one tuple element per row selected.
2. iter_cols() — Returns one tuple element per column selected.

Both the above mentioned methods can receive the following arguments for setting boundaries for iteration:

• min_row
• max_row
• min_col
• max_col

Example 1 — iter_rows()

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells from between 
# "Row 1 and Row 2" and "Column 1 and Column 3"
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1,
                           max_row=2,
                           min_col=1,
                           max_col=3):
    print([data.value for data in row])

Output

['ProductId', 'ProductName', 'Cost per Unit']
[1, 'Pencil', '$0.5']

As you can see, only the first 3 columns of the first 2 rows are returned. The tuples are row based.

You can also choose to not pass in some or any arguments in iter_rows method.

Code — Not passing min_col and max_col

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# min_col and max_col arguments are not provided
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1,
                           max_row=2):
    print([data.value for data in row])

Output

['ProductId', 'ProductName', 'Cost per Unit', 'Quantity']
[1, 'Pencil', '$0.5', 200]

All the columns from the first 2 rows are being printed.

Example 2 — iter_cols()

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Access all cells from A1 to D11
for row in sheet.iter_cols(min_row=1,
                           max_row=2,
                           min_col=1,
                           max_col=3):
    print([data.value for data in row])

Output

['ProductId', 1]
['ProductName', 'Pencil']
['Cost per Unit', '$0.5']

The tuples returned are column based on using iter_cols() method.

You can also choose to not pass in some or any arguments in iter_cols() method.

Code — Not passing any argument

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# min_col and max_col arguments are not provided
for row in sheet.iter_cols():
    print([data.value for data in row])

Output

['ProductId', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
['ProductName', 'Pencil', 'Pen', 'Eraser', 'Sharpner', 'Files', 'A4 Size Paper', 'Pencil Box', 'Pen Stand', 'Notebook', 'Marker']
['Cost per Unit', '$0.5', '$1', '$0.25', '$0.75', '$3', '$9', '$12', '$5.5', '$2', '$1']
['Quantity', 200, 500, 100, 100, 50, 10, 20, 10, 50, 75]

Create a new Excel file with Python

To create a new Excel file in Python, you need to import the Workbook class from Openpyxl library.

Code

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active

sheet['A1'] = "Pylenin"
sheet['B1'] = "loves"
sheet['C1'] = "Python"

wb.save("pylenin.xlsx")

This should create a new Excel workbook called pylenin.xlsx with the provided data.

Writing data to Excel in Python

There are multiple ways to write data to an Excel file in Python.

Method 1 — Writing data to Excel using cell names

Code

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active

sheet['A1'] = "Pylenin"
sheet['B1'] = "loves"
sheet['C1'] = "Python"

wb.save("pylenin.xlsx")

Output

Method 2 — Writing data to Excel using the cell() method

Code

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active

sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "Pylenin"
sheet.cell(row=1, column=2).value = "loves"
sheet.cell(row=1, column=3).value = "Python"

wb.save("pylenin.xlsx")

Output

Method 3 — Writing data to Excel by iterating over rows

Code — Example 1

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active

for row in sheet["A1:D3"]:
    row[0].value = "Pylenin"
    row[1].value = "loves"
    row[2].value = "Python"

wb.save("pylenin.xlsx")

Output

You can also use methods like iter_rows() and iter_cols() to write data to Excel.

Code — Example 2 — using iter_rows() method

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active

for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1,
                           max_row=3,
                           min_col=1,
                           max_col=3):
    row[0].value = "Pylenin"
    row[1].value = "loves"
    row[2].value = "Python"

wb.save("pylenin.xlsx")

Output

Code — Example 3 — using iter_cols() method

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active

for col in sheet.iter_cols(min_row=1,
                           max_row=3,
                           min_col=1,
                           max_col=3):
    col[0].value = "Pylenin"
    col[1].value = "loves"
    col[2].value = "Python"

wb.save("pylenin.xlsx")

Output

Appending data to Excel in Python

Openpyxl provides an append() method, which is used to append values to an existing Excel sheet in Python.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('pylenin.xlsx')
sheet = wb.active

data = (
    ("Pylenin", "likes", "icecream"),
    ("Pylenin", "likes", "Cricket")
)

for row in data:
    sheet.append(row)
wb.save('pylenin.xlsx')

Output

Manipulating Excel Sheets in Python

Each Excel workbook can contain multiple sheets. To get a list of all the sheet names in an Excel workbook, you can use the wb.sheetnames.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('pylenin.xlsx')
print(wb.sheetnames)

Output

['Sheet']

As you can see, pylenin.xlsx has only one sheet.

To create a new sheet in Python, use the create_sheet() method from the Openpyxl library.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('pylenin.xlsx')
wb.create_sheet('Pylenin')

wb.save('pylenin.xlsx')

Output

You can also create sheets at different positions in the Excel Workbook.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('pylenin.xlsx')

# insert sheet at 2nd to last position
wb.create_sheet('Lenin Mishra', -1)

wb.save('pylenin.xlsx')

Output

If your Excel workbook contains multiple sheets and you want to work with a particular sheet, you can refer the title of that sheet in your workbook object.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('pylenin.xlsx')
ws = wb["Pylenin"]

ws["A1"].value = "Pylenin"
ws["A2"].value = "loves"
ws["A3"].value = "Python"

wb.save('pylenin.xlsx')

Output

Practical usage example of data analysis of Excel sheets in Python

Let’s perform some data analysis with wb1.xlsx file as shown in the first image.

Objective

1. Add a new column showing Total Price per Product.
2. Calculate the Total Cost of all the items bought.

The resulting Excel sheet should look like the below image.

Step 1 — Find the max row and max column of the Excel sheet

As mentioned before, you can use the sheet.max_row and sheet.max_column attributes to find the max row and max column for any Excel sheet with Openpyxl.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

print(f"Max row in the active sheet is {sheet.max_row}")
print(f"Max column in the active sheet is {sheet.max_column}")

Output

Max row in the active sheet is 11
Max column in the active sheet is 4

Step 2 — Add an extra column in Excel with Python

To add an extra column in the active Excel sheet, with calculations, you need to first create a new column header in the first empty cell and then iterate over all rows to multiply Quantity with Cost per Unit.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Add new column header

sheet.cell(row=1, column=sheet.max_column+1).value = "Total Price per Product"

wb.save("wb1.xlsx")

Output

Now that an extra column header has been created, the sheet.max_column value will change to 5.

Now you can calculate the Total Price per Product using iter_rows() method.

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

# Calculate Total Price per Product

for id, row in enumerate(sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2,
                                         max_row = sheet.max_row)):

    row_number = id + 2 # index for enumerate will start at 0
    product_name = row[1].value
    cost_per_unit = row[2].value
    quantity = row[3].value
    print(f"Total cost for {product_name} is {cost_per_unit*quantity}")

    # Update cell value in the last column
    current_cell = sheet.cell(row=row_number, column=sheet.max_column)
    current_cell.value = cost_per_unit*quantity

    # Format cell from number to $ currency
    current_cell.number_format = '$#,#0.0'

print("nSuccesfully updated Excel")
wb.save('wb1.xlsx')

Output

Total cost for Pencil is 100.0
Total cost for Pen is 500
Total cost for Eraser is 25.0
Total cost for Sharpner is 75.0
Total cost for Files is 150
Total cost for A4 Size Paper is 90
Total cost for Pencil Box is 240
Total cost for Pen Stand is 55.0
Total cost for Notebook is 100
Total cost for Marker is 75

Succesfully updated Excel

Step 3 — Calculate sum of a column in Excel with Python

The last step is to calculate the Total Cost of the last column in the Excel file.

Access the last column and add up all the cost.

You can read the last column by accessing the sheet.columns attribute. Since it returns a generator, you first convert it to a python list and access the last column.

last_column_data = list(sheet.columns)[-1]
# Ignore header cell 
total_cost = sum([x.value for x in last_column_data[1:]])

Create a new row 2 places down from the max_row and fill in Total Cost.

max_row = sheet.max_row
    
total_cost_descr_cell = sheet.cell(row = max_row +2, column = sheet.max_column -1)
total_cost_descr_cell.value = "Total Cost"
     
total_cost_cell =  sheet.cell(row = max_row +2, column = sheet.max_column)
total_cost_cell.value = total_cost

Import Font class from openpyxl.styles to make the last row Bold.

# Import the Font class from Openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Font
    
bold_font = Font(bold=True)
total_cost_descr_cell.font = bold_font
total_cost_cell.font = bold_font
    
total_cost_cell.number_format = "$#,#0.0"

Final Code

Code

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('wb1.xlsx')

sheet = wb.active

last_column_data = list(sheet.columns)[-1]
# Ignore header cell 
total_cost = sum([x.value for x in last_column_data[1:]])

max_row = sheet.max_row

total_cost_descr_cell = sheet.cell(row = max_row + 2, column = sheet.max_column -1)
total_cost_descr_cell.value = "Total Cost"

total_cost_cell =  sheet.cell(row = max_row + 2, column = sheet.max_column)
total_cost_cell.value = total_cost

# Import the Font class from Openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Font

bold_font = Font(bold=True)
total_cost_descr_cell.font = bold_font
total_cost_cell.font = bold_font

total_cost_cell.number_format = "$#,#0.0"

print("nSuccesfully updated Excel")
wb.save('wb1.xlsx')

When you run the above code, you should see all the relevant updates to your Excel sheet.