Present tense of the word will

  • #1

I’ve been thinking about it, and I realized that I don’t know the present tense of will as in I will do such and such. Is there a present tense? And if so, what is it?

    • WongFeiHung


    • #2

    Well, «I will …» is always referring to the future. You don’t say, «I will did that». Even when you say, «I will have done that», it is still something about the future.
    You could say, «I want to do that», that is present tense, but of course that’s not the same

    • #3

    I think if you want to make «I will do that» present,
    you could just say «I am doing that»

    panjandrum


    • #4

    Hello Shishire Maiga, and welcome to WordReference.

    When will is used as a modal verb, it always conveys futurity.

    It may also be used with the meaning of direct volition. Many of the meanings in this sense are obsolete or archaic. But there are still some normal uses.
    Bill is a good lad most of the time, but he will poke the baby when she’s asleep. A sense of something Bill habitually does.
    There are more.

    se16teddy


    • #5

    The present tense of ‘will’ is:
    — I will
    — thou wilt (rare)
    — he / she / it will (exceptionally, modal verbs such as will do not end in -s in the third person singular)
    — we / you / they will.

    When used with reference to the present, ‘will’ indicates either
    1) probablity or
    2) volition.

    Examples of 1):
    They will be there by now.
    We know there are 32 children in class 3A, and 31 in class 3B, so there will be about 31 or 32 in class 3C.

    Examples of 2):
    Will you take this man to be your lawful wedded husband? — I will. (i.e. I hereby consent).
    They are trying to get us out of the house, but we won’t go. (we are refusing to go).
    The ‘volition’ is sometimes extended to inanimate objects, e.g. The car won’t start, meaning ‘I can’t get it to start’.

    Like all English present tense verbs, ‘will’ can point to the future, as well as the present. The way in which it is used to point to the future differs from place to place, and from generation to generation. In many types of English, the meanings 1) and 2) above tend to disappear when ‘will’ points to the future.

    For example,
    — in some kinds of English (perhaps mainly among speakers from England), You will shoot the prisoner at dawn tomorrow means EITHER 1) it is probably that you will shoot the prisoner at dawn tomorrow OR 2) you agree to shoot the prisoner at dawn tomorrow, preserving meanings 1) and 2) referred to above; whereas
    — in other (perhaps most) kinds of English ‘You will shoot the prisoner at dawn tomorrow can be a prediction of the future that makes the future seem as certain as the present, and hence may be interpreted as a command.

    Источник

    English[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • IPA(key): /wɪl/, [wɪɫ]
    • Rhymes: -ɪl

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle English willen, wullen, wollen, from Old English willan (“to want”), from Proto-West Germanic *willjan, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”).

    Cognate with Dutch willen, Low German willen, German wollen, Swedish and Norwegian Nynorsk vilja, Norwegian Bokmål ville, Latin velle (“wish”, verb) and Albanian vel (“to satisfy, be stuffed”). The verb is not always distinguishable from Etymology 3, below.

    Alternative forms[edit]

    • ‘ll (contraction)
    • vill, weel (pronunciation spelling)
    • wil, wille, woll, wyll (obsolete)

    Verb[edit]

    will (third-person singular simple present will, present participle willing, simple past would, no past participle)

    1. (auxiliary) Used to express the future tense, sometimes with some implication of volition when used in the first person. Compare shall. [from 10th c.]

      One of our salesmen will visit you tomorrow.

      I will pass this exam.

      • c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:

        Good fool, as ever thou wilt deserve well at my hand, help me to a candle, and pen, ink and paper : as I am a gentleman, I will live to be thankful to thee for’t.

      • 1859, Charles Dickens, chapter 4, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:

        “I will, with your leave, relate to you, miss, the story of one of our customers.”

    2. (auxiliary) To be able to, to have the capacity to. [from 14th c.]

      Unfortunately, only one of these gloves will actually fit over my hand.

    3. (auxiliary) Expressing a present tense with some conditional or subjective weakening: «will turn out to», «must by inference». [from 15th c.]

      He will be home by now. He always gets home before 6 o’clock.

      I can’t find my umbrella. I will have forgotten it home this morning.

      • 2007, Edward Jesko, The Polish:

        “That will be five zloty.” I reached into my pocket and came up with some coins.

      • 2012, Penny Freedman, All The Daughters:
        Unless she diverted on the ten minute walk home, she’ll have got home at about half past.
    4. (auxiliary) To habitually do (a given action). [from 9th c.]

      Boys will be boys.

      • 2009, Stephen Bayley, The Telegraph, 24 Sep 09:
        How telling is it that many women will volunteer for temporary disablement by wearing high heeled shoes that hobble them?
      • 2011, «Connubial bliss in America», The Economist:
        So far neither side has scored a decisive victory, though each will occasionally claim one.
    5. (auxiliary) To choose or agree to (do something); used to express intention but without any temporal connotations (+ bare infinitive), often in questions and negation. [from 10th c.]

      Will you marry me?

      I’ve told him three times, but he won’t take his medicine.

    6. (now uncommon or literary, transitive) To wish, desire (something). [chiefly 9th–19th c.]

      Do what you will.

      • c. 1450, The Macro Plays:
        If thou wilt fare well at meat and meal, come and follow me.

      • 1601, William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, or What You Will:

        Twelfe Night, Or what you will (original spelling)

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 8:2:

        And behold, there came a leper and worshipped him, saying, Lord if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean.

      • 1944, FJ Sheed, translating St. Augustine, Confessions:
        Grant what Thou dost command, and command what Thou wilt.
    7. (now rare, intransitive) To wish or desire (that something happen); to intend (that). [9th–19th c.]

      • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

        see God’s goodwill toward men, hear how generally his grace is proposed, to him, and him, and them, each man in particular, and to all. 1 Tim. ii. 4. «God will that all men be saved, and come to the knowledge of the truth.»

    8. (archaic) Implying will go.

      • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

        I’ll to England.

    Usage notes[edit]
    • Historically, will was used in the simple future sense only in the second and third person, while shall was used in the first person. Today, that distinction is almost entirely lost, and the verb takes the same form in all persons and both numbers. Similarly, in the intent sense, will was historically used with the second and third person, while shall was reserved for the first person.
    • The present tense is will and the past tense is would. Early Modern English had a past participle would which is now obsolete.
      Malory: ‘Many tymes he myghte haue had her and he had wold’. John Done: ‘If hee had would, hee might easily […] occupied the Monarchy.’
    • Formerly, will could be used elliptically for «will go» — e.g. «I’ll to her lodgings» (Marlowe).
    • See the usage note at shall.
    • The present participle does not apply to the uses of will as an auxiliary verb.
    • The form of will with the enclitic -n’t (or the present tense negative form of will in the analysis in which -n’t is an inflectional suffix) is won’t (“will not”) (rather than the form that would be expected based on a regular application of -n’t, willn’t), while the corresponding form of the past tense would is wouldn’t.
    Translations[edit]
    • Ancient Greek: ἐθέλω (ethélō), θέλω (thélō) (later), βούλομαι (boúlomai)
    • Armenian: ցանկանալ (hy) (cʿankanal)
    • Bulgarian: искам (bg) (iskam), желая (bg) (želaja)
    • Catalan: desitjar (ca)
    • Cornish: mynnes
    • Dutch: willen (nl)
    • Esperanto: voli (eo)
    • Finnish: aikoa (fi)
    • French: vouloir (fr)
    • German: wollen (de)
    • Hungarian: akar (hu), kíván (hu), óhajt (hu), rendel (hu)
    • Italian: volere (it)
    • Japanese: 望む (ja) (のぞむ, nozomu), 希望する (ja) (きぼうする, kibō suru), 願う (ja) (ねがう, negau)
    • Macedonian: посакува impf (posakuva), посака pf (posaka), пожелува impf (poželuva), пожели pf (poželi)
    • Norwegian: ville (no)
    • Portuguese: desejar (pt)
    • Russian: жела́ть (ru) impf (želátʹ), пожела́ть (ru) pf (poželátʹ)
    • Spanish: desear (es), anhelar (es)
    • Swedish: vilja (sv)
    • Turkish: istek (tr)

    indicating future action

    • American Sign Language: OpenB@NearSideNosehigh-FingerUp OpenB@SideNosehigh-FingerForward
    • Arabic: سَوْفَ‎ (ar) (sawfa) + present tense, سَـ‎ (ar) (sa-) + present tense
      Egyptian Arabic: prefix حـ‎ (ḥa-) + present tense
      North Levantine Arabic: رح‎ (raḥ)
      Tunisian Arabic: باش‎ (bēš)
    • Belarusian: Use the future perfective or use the future of быць (bycʹ) + imperfective infinitive
    • Belizean Creole: wahn
    • Bulgarian: ще (bg) (šte) (+ present form)
    • Burmese: နောင် (my) (naung), မည် (my) (many), အံ့ (my) (am.)
    • Chinese:
      Cantonese: 會／会 (wui5, wui3)
      Mandarin: 將／将 (zh) (jiāng), 要 (zh) (yào), 將要／将要 (zh) (jiāngyào), 會／会 (zh) (huì)
    • Czech: Use the future perfective or use the future of být + imperfective infinitive
    • Danish: vil, skal (da)
    • Dutch: zullen (nl)
    • Esperanto: -os (eo) Use the future tense
    • Finnish: Use the present tense, tulla (fi), aikoa (fi)
    • French: Use the future tense -rai, -ras, -ra, -rons, -rez, -ront, e.g. J’irai au magasin.; (colloquial) aller (fr)
    • German: werden (de), present tense form is often used
    • Greek: Use θα + subjunctive verb form (future simple) or present verb form (future continuous e.g. θα δω or θα βλέπω
      Ancient: Use the future tense
    • Hebrew: עָתִיד‎ (he) m (‘atíd)
    • Hindi: होंगे (hoṅge) (hoṅge)
    • Hungarian: (emphatically, cf. «going to») fog (hu), (the present tense may suffice when the meaning is clear)
    • Ido: suffix -os after verbal roots
    • Indonesian: akan (id)
    • Italian: Use the future tense -rò, -rai, -rà, -remo, -rete, -ranno, e.g. Andrò al negozio.
    • Japanese: present/future tense form is usually used
    • Khmer: នឹង (km) (nɨng) (prefix)
    • Korean: ᆯ 것이다 (l geosida), ᆯ게 (lge)
    • Lao: ຈະ (cha), ຈິ (chi), ຊິ (si), ຈັກ (chak) (obsolete)
    • Latin: Use the future tense
    • Lithuanian: Use the future tense
    • Luxembourgish: wäerten
    • Macedonian: ќе (ḱe) (+ present form)
    • Malay: akan (ms)
    • Navajo: dooleeł
    • Norwegian:
      Bokmål: vil (no), kommer til å, skal (no)
    • Old English: Use the present tense; (more rarely) willan (ang), sċulan
    • Persian: خواستن‎ (fa) (xâstan)
    • Polish: Use the future perfective or use the future of być + imperfective infinitive
    • Portuguese: Use the future tense; (colloquial) use present indicative forms of ir (pt)
    • Russian: Use the future perfective or use the future of быть (bytʹ) + imperfective infinitive
      I will be going back and forth to the post office — Я буду ходи́ть на по́чту
      I will be going to the post office — Я бу́ду идти́ на по́чту
      I will go to the post office — Я пойду́ на по́чту
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: хтети, хтјети
      Roman: hteti, htjeti (sh)
    • Slovak: Use the future perfective or use the future of byť + imperfective infinitive
    • Slovene: biti (sl)
    • Spanish: future tense, ir a
    • Swahili: -ta-
    • Swedish: komma till att, komma att, skola (sv), vilja (sv), tänka (sv)
      I will go to the store — Jag ska gå till affären or Jag kommer att gå till affären
    • Thai: จะ (th) (jà)
    • Turkish: (2): suffix for all verbs: -ecek (if the last vowel of a verb is e,i,ö or ü) or -acak (if the vowel is a,ı,o or u).
    • Ukrainian: Use the future perfective or use the future of бу́ти (búty) + imperfective infinitive; special endings, e.g. «I will walk»: ходи́тиму (ходи́ти (xodýty) + иму)
    • Vietnamese: sẽ (vi)
    • West Frisian: sille, gean (fy)
    • Yapese: ra
    • Yiddish: וועלן‎ (veln)
    See also[edit]
    • Appendix:English modal verbs
    • Appendix:English tag questions

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle English wille, from Old English willa (compare verb willian), from Proto-Germanic *wiljô (“desire, will”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”). Cognate with Dutch wil, German Wille, Swedish vilja, Norwegian vilje.

    Alternative forms[edit]

    • wille (obsolete)

    Noun[edit]

    will (plural wills)

    1. One’s independent faculty of choice; the ability to be able to exercise one’s choice or intention. [from 9th c.]

      Of course, man’s will is often regulated by his reason.

    2. The act of choosing to do something; a person’s conscious intent or volition. [from 10th c.]

      Most creatures have a will to live.

      • 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club‎[1]:

        The episode’s unwillingness to fully commit to the pathos of the Bart-and-Laura subplot is all the more frustrating considering its laugh quota is more than filled by a rollicking B-story that finds Homer, he of the iron stomach and insatiable appetite, filing a lawsuit against The Frying Dutchman when he’s hauled out of the eatery against his will after consuming all of the restaurant’s shrimp (plus two plastic lobsters).

    3. One’s intention or decision; someone’s orders or commands. [from 9th c.]

      Eventually I submitted to my parents’ will.

    4. Firmity of purpose, fixity of intent
      Synonyms: determination, firmness, resoluteness, resolve

      • 1998, John Skorupski, , Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy , Mill, John Stuart (1806–73):

        Thus Mill’s case for the claim that happiness is the sole human end, put more carefully, is this: ‘Whatever is desired otherwise than as a means to some end beyond itself, and ultimately to happiness, is desired as itself a part of happiness, and is not desired for itself until has become so’ (1861a: 237). Nothing here assumed Hume’s view that every action must ultimately flow from an underived desire. That is a quite separate issue, and Mill’s view of it is closer to that of Kant or Reid than to that of Hume. He insists ‘positively and emphatically’ that the will is a different thing from desire; that a person of confirmed virtue, or any other person whose purposes are fixed, carries out his purposes without any thought of the pleasure he has in contemplating them, or expects to derive from their fulfilment. (1861a: 238) This distinction between purpose and desire is central to Mill’s conception of the will. When we develop purposes we can will against mere likings or aversions: ‘In the case of an habitual purpose, instead of willing the thing because we desire it, we often desire it only because we will it’ (1861a: 238). Every action is caused by a motive, but not every motive is a liking or aversion: When the will is said to be determined by motives, a motive does not mean always, or solely, the anticipation of a pleasure or of a pain…. A habit of willing is commonly called a purpose; and among the causes of our volitions, and of the actions which flow from them, must be reckoned not only likings and aversions, but also purposes. (1843: 842) The formation of purposes from desires is the evolution of will; it is also the development of character. Mill quotes Novalis: ‘a character is a completely fashioned will’ (1843: 843).

      • 2015, Dr. Harlan K. Ullman, Huffington Post 31 May 2015., «Winston Spencer Ghani»:

        …surely the link could not have been with Churchill the brilliant, gallant and steadfast wartime leader who, by dint of character, will and language, turned near defeat into victory.
    5. (law) A formal declaration of one’s intent concerning the disposal of one’s property and holdings after death; the legal document stating such wishes. [from 14th c.]
      Synonyms: testament, last will, last will and testament

      • 1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 1, in Well Tackled!‎[2]:

        “Uncle Barnaby was always father and mother to me,” Benson broke in; then after a pause his mind flew off at a tangent. “Is old Hannah all right—in the will, I mean?”

    6. (archaic) That which is desired; one’s wish. [from 10th c.]
    7. (archaic) Desire, longing. (Now generally merged with later senses.) [from 9th c.]

      He felt a great will to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

    Derived terms[edit]
    • at will
    • military will
    • nuncupative will
    • where there is a will there is a way
    • wilful, willful
    • will to power
    • willpower
    • with a will
    Collocations[edit]

    (conscious intent or volition):

    • a strong will
    Descendants[edit]
    • → Bengali: উইল (uil)
    Translations[edit]

    one’s independent faculty of choice

    • Arabic: إرَادَة‎ (ar) f (ʔirāda)
    • Bashkir: ихтыяр (ixtıyar)
    • Belarusian: во́ля f (vólja)
    • Bulgarian: во́ля (bg) f (vólja)
    • Catalan: lliure albir (ca) m
    • Finnish: tahto (fi)
    • German: Wille (de) m
    • Hungarian: akarat (hu)
    • Latin: arbitrium
    • Norwegian:
      Bokmål: vilje (no) m
    • Polish: wola (pl) f
    • Portuguese: arbítrio (pt) m
    • Russian: во́ля (ru) f (vólja)
    • Slovene: volja (sl) f
    • Turkish: irade (tr)
    • Ukrainian: во́ля (uk) f (vólja)
    • Welsh: ewyllys (cy) f

    intention or decision

    • Arabic: إرَادَة‎ (ar) f (ʔirāda)
    • Bulgarian: намерение (bg) n (namerenie)
    • Catalan: voluntat (ca) f
    • Finnish: tahto (fi)
    • German: Wille (de) m
    • Hungarian: szándék (hu), döntés (hu), kívánság (hu), óhaj (hu)
    • Norwegian:
      Bokmål: vilje (no) m, krav n
    • Polish: wola (pl) f
    • Russian: во́ля (ru) f (vólja)
    • Slovene: volja (sl) f
    • Turkish: irade (tr)

    act of choosing to do something; conscious intent or volition

    • Albanian: vullnet (sq) m
    • Arabic: رَغْبَة‎ f (raḡba), إرَادَة‎ (ar) f (ʔirāda)
    • Armenian: կամք (hy) (kamkʿ)
    • Azerbaijani: iradə (az), ixtiyar (az)
    • Bashkir: ихтыяр (ixtıyar)
    • Basque: gogo, nahi
    • Belarusian: во́ля f (vólja)
    • Bulgarian: во́ля (bg) f (vólja)
    • Catalan: voluntat (ca) f, albir (ca) m
    • Cebuano: buot, pagbuot
    • Chinese:
      Mandarin: 意志 (zh) (yìzhì)
    • Czech: vůle (cs) f
    • Dalmatian: voluntuot
    • Danish: vilje c
    • Dutch: wil (nl) m, wens (nl) m
    • Esperanto: volo
    • Estonian: tahe
    • Ewe: lɔ̃lɔ̃nu
    • Faroese: vilji m
    • Finnish: tahto (fi), halu (fi)
    • French: volonté (fr) f
    • Friulian: volontât f
    • Galician: vontade (gl) f, albidro m
    • Georgian: ნება (neba), სურვილი (survili)
    • German: Wille (de) m
    • Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 m (wilja)
    • Greek: βούληση (el) f (voúlisi), θέληση (el) f (thélisi)
      Ancient: θέλημα n (thélēma)
    • Hebrew: רָצוֹן‎ (he) m (ratsón), אָבָה‎ (he) (ava)
    • Hindi: इच्छा (hi) f (icchā)
    • Hungarian: szándék (hu), akarat (hu)
    • Indonesian: hendak (id)
    • Irish: deoin f
    • Italian: volontà (it) f
    • Japanese: 意志 (ja) (いし, ishi)
    • Kazakh: ерік (kk) (erık), ықтияр (yqtiär)
    • Korean: 의지(意志) (ko) (uiji)
    • Kyrgyz: ыктыяр (ky) (ıktıyar)
    • Latin: voluntas
    • Lithuanian: valia, noras (lt)
    • Luxembourgish: Wëllen m
    • Macedonian: волја f (volja)
    • Maori: takune, whakaaro, e (before verb), ka (mi) (before verb)
    • Ngazidja Comorian: nyandzo class 9/10
    • Nogai: эрк (érk)
    • Norwegian:
      Bokmål: vilje (no) m, ønske (no) n
    • Occitan: volontat (oc)
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: волꙗ f (volja)
    • Old Norse: vili m
    • Persian: آرزو‎ (fa) (ârezu), خواسته‎ (fa) (xâste), اختیار‎ (fa) (extiyâr)
    • Plautdietsch: Wellen m
    • Polish: wola (pl) f
    • Portuguese: vontade (pt) f
    • Romanian: voință (ro) f
    • Romansch: voluntad, volunted, voluntà
    • Russian: во́ля (ru) f (vólja)
    • Sanskrit: इच्छा (sa) f (icchā)
    • Sardinian: bolontade, boluntadi, volontade
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: во̏ља f
      Roman: vȍlja (sh) f
    • Slovak: vôľa f
    • Slovene: volja (sl) f
    • Sorbian:
      Lower Sorbian: wóla f
      Upper Sorbian: wola f
    • Spanish: voluntad (es) f, albedrío (es) m
    • Swedish: vilja (sv) c, önskan (sv) c
    • Tajik: ихтиёр (tg) (ixtiyor), ирода (iroda), орзу (tg) (orzu)
    • Tatar: ихтыяр (tt) (ixtıyar)
    • Tocharian A: kri
    • Turkish: irade (tr)
    • Ukrainian: во́ля (uk) f (vólja)
    • Uzbek: iroda (uz), ixtiyor (uz)
    • Welsh: ewyllys (cy) f

    Etymology 3[edit]

    From Middle English willen, from Old English willian (“to will”), from Proto-West Germanic *willjōn (“to will”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”). Cognate with German Low German willen, German willen. The verb is not always distinguishable from Etymology 1, above.

    Verb[edit]

    will (third-person singular simple present wills, present participle willing, simple past and past participle willed or (rare) would)

    1. (transitive, intransitive) To instruct (that something be done) in one’s will. [from 9th c.]
    2. (transitive) To bequeath (something) to someone in one’s will (legal document). [from 15th c.]

      He willed his stamp collection to the local museum.

    4. (transitive) To exert one’s force of will (intention) in order to compel, or attempt to compel, something to happen or someone to do something. [from 10th c.]

      All the fans were willing their team to win the game.

      • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

        They willed me say so, madam.

      • c. 1612–1615?, John Fletcher; Francis Beaumont; revised by Philip Massinger, “Loves Cure or, The Martial Maid”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii:

        Send for music, / And will the cooks to use their best of cunning / To please the palate.

    Synonyms[edit]
    • (bequeath): bequeath, leave
    Translations[edit]

    to bequeath

    • Armenian: կտակել (hy) (ktakel)
    • Bulgarian: завещавам (bg) (zaveštavam)
    • Catalan: llegar (ca)
    • Czech: odkázat
    • Danish: testamentere
    • Dutch: vermaken (nl), nalaten (nl), legateren (nl)
    • Esperanto: testamenti
    • Finnish: testamentata
    • French: léguer (fr)
    • Georgian: სურს (surs)
    • German: vermachen (de)
    • Hungarian: (örökül) hagy, ráhagy (hu), rátestál
    • Italian: legare (it), lasciare in eredità
    • Luxembourgish: verierwen
    • Macedonian: заветува (zavetuva), остава во наследство (ostava vo nasledstvo)
    • Maori: wira
    • Norwegian: testamentere
    • Portuguese: legar (pt)
    • Russian: завеща́ть (ru) (zaveščátʹ)
    • Slovene: zapustiti (sl), voliti
    • Spanish: legar (es)
    • Swedish: testamentera (sv)

    See also[edit]

    • bequeath
    • going to
    • modal verb
    • testament
    • volition
    • voluntary

    Cahuilla[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *wip.

    Noun[edit]

    wíll

    1. fat, grease

    German[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • IPA(key): /vɪl/

    Verb[edit]

    will

    1. first/third-person singular present of wollen

    Yola[edit]

    Verb[edit]

    will

    1. Alternative form of woul (“will”)

      • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

        Note will wee dra aaght to-die?

        I don’t know will we draw any to-day?

    Noun[edit]

    will

    1. Alternative form of woul (“will”)

      • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1:

        Ich aam goan maake mee will.

        I am going to make my will.

    References[edit]

    • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 59
    Источник

    Present forms for the futureАнглийская грамматика полна сюрпризов, которые поджидают нас в каждом правиле – ведь всегда найдутся исключения, несоответствия, о которых нужно поговорить отдельно. Вот, например, вы уже выучили английские будущие времена: Future Simple Tense, Future Continuous Tense и Future Prefect Tense. Но, возможно, не знаете, что в некоторых случаях будущее время можно выразить нестандартным способом. Мы имеем в виду возможность выразить будущее действие при помощи настоящего времени.

    The Present Continuous Tense

    Рассмотрим сначала возможность выразить будущее действие при помощи времени The Present Continuous Tense. Обратите внимание на следующий пример: «Mary is meeting her husband at the railway station – Мэри встречает (встретит) мужа на станции». В данном предложении  явно видно, что разговор идет о событии, которое произойдет позже момента речи. Можно предположить, что более одного человека знают об этом событии, и что имеют место определенные приготовления (к встрече). То есть, Present Continuous употребляется для выражения запланированного действия в будущем. Вот еще несколько примеров:

    • Jane is flying to Paris tomorrow – Джейн завтра улетает (уедет) в Париж
    • What is she doing tonight? – Что она делает (будет делать) вечером,
    • He is planning to visit his friend next week – Он планирует навестить своего друга на следующей неделе.

    Примечание: Если действие не было запланировано, а вы только что решили совершить какое-то действие, для его выражения используется Future Simple. Сравните:

    • Peter has broken his leg, he is in hospital now — I know, I’m visiting him tomorrow afternoon. — Питер сломал ногу и сейчас в больнице. — Да, я знаю. Я навещу его завтра после обеда (действие запланировано)
    • Peter has broken his leg, he is in hospital now — Oh, really? I’ll visit him tomorrow then.  — Питер сломал ногу и сейчас в больнице. — О, в самом деле? Тогда я навещу его завтра (не было запланировано, я решил только что)

    The Simple Present Tense

    Для выражения будущего времени также иногда используется время The Simple Present Tense, но, только если речь идет не о людях, а о расписании поездов, самолетов, о списках, программах и т.п.  Например, My plane leaves at 9 a.m. – мой самолет взлетит в 9 утра.

    • The shop closes at 22:00 – Магазин закроется в 22:00
    • The film begins at 9 p.m. – Фильм начнется в 9 вечера
    • Present Simple можно использовать, когда мы говорим о людях, в том случае, если их планы подчиняются расписанию:
      • Carol starts her new job next week. – Кэрол начинает работать на новом месте на следующей неделе
      • What time does your first lecture finish tomorrow? – В котором часу у тебя завтра закончится первая лекция?
      Но для личных планов, как уже было сказано выше, более употребимо время Present Continuous.
    • Также Present Simple употребляется вместо будущего времени в придаточных предложениях времени и условия (после союзов if, when, as soon as, unless, before):
      • When father comes home I will ask him to help me with my Math homework – Когда папа придет домой, я попрошу его помочь мне с домашним заданием по математике.
      • If she agrees, we will go to Spain for holiday. — Если она согласится, мы поедем в отпуск в Испанию.
      Подробнее смотрите в нашем видеоуроке:

    Видеоурок по английскому языку: Придаточные предложения времени и условия

    to be  going to do smth.

    Будущее действие также выражается при помощи конструкции to be + going to do smth, которая на русский язык переводится как «собираться что-то сделать», например, предложение «Я собираюсь поговорить с ним» выражает будущее предполагаемое действие – I am going to speak to him.

    • He is going to work. Don’t bother him. — Он собирается работать. не беспокойте его.
    • Is she going to discuss this matter with her daughter? – Она собирается обсуждать этот вопрос со своей дочерью?
    • Конструкция to be going to также употребляется для выражения того, что может случиться в будущем.
      • There is a big hole in the bottom of the boat. It’s going to sink. – В днище лодки большая дыра. Лодка утонет!
      • Look at these heavy clouds. It’s going to rain. – Посмотри на эти тучи. Пойдет дождь.

      going-cat

      Кто бы меня ни разбудил, он за это заплатит!

    Видеоурок по английскому языку: Конструкция to be going to do something

    Разница между “I am doing” “I am going to do”

    Как уже было сказано выше, Present Continuous выражает то, что было заранее запланировано.

    I am going to do something – означает, что я решил что-то сделать, но, возможно, еще не запланировал. Например,

    • Your jeans look rather worn. – Yes, I know. I am going to buy a new pair. – Твои джинсы выглядят довольно поношенными . – Да я знаю. Я собираюсь купить новые (то есть, я решил купить новые джинсы, но пока не запланировал поход в магазин).

    Но часто разница между “I am doing” и “I am going to do”очень незначительна, поэтому не будет ошибкой употребление любой из этих форм. I’m going to the cinema tonight практически равно I’m going to go to the cinema tonight.

    Видеоурок по английскому языку: Present forms for the future

    Надеемся, что данная статья поможет немного разобраться в нюансах английской грамматики. А чтобы это проверить, предлагаем пройти небольшой тест.

    Future with present form – to be going to, present continuous and present indefinite

    1. The train … at 11:00

    a. will arrive

    b. is arriving

    c. arrive

    d. arrives

    2. I … to call you tomorrow

    a. am gone

    b. am going

    c. is going

    d. will

    3. John … to London next week

    a. come

    b. comes

    c. is coming

    d. was coming

    4. When … the plane …?

    a. do .. flying

    b. is … flying

    c. does … flies

    d. does … fly

    5. Mary … to pass the exam

    a. was

    b. is going

    c. go

    d. will

    6. According to schedule the bus … in an hour

    a. will come

    b. comes

    c. come

    d. came

    7. … to buy some fruit?

    a. is you going

    b. you going

    c. are you going

    d. will you

    8. How many tickets … to buy?

    a. are he going

    b. he going

    c. is he going

    d. he is going

    prosba avtora

    Источник

    Present tenses for the future (I’m doing / I do)
    We can use a Present Tense (continuous / simple) with a future meaning.

    Present Continuous… with a future meaning:
    I’m doing something on Sunday. (I’ve already decided it!).
    I’m going to do something…
    What are you going to do on Monday? I’m going to the museum.
    What are you going to do on Wednesday? I’m going to the cinema.
    I’m meeting Peter at the airport on Thursday. He’s arriving at 10.00 pm!
    I’m not working on Friday. With Peter, we’re going to the museum.
    On Saturday, I’m not going to run with Matthew and Laura. They’re going to Paris.

    You’ve arranged something to do?
    Use the present continuous (not the future tense « will »)
    What are you going to do next summer? I’m going to New York City (not I will go to NYC)

    Just before starting an action, use the present continuous:
    I’m going to the bed.
    Peter, where are you? I’m coming…
    Bye, I’m leaving …
    => Before a movement action, with go, leave, come, we use the present continuous.

    For personnal arrangement:
    I’m meeting Peter at 6.00 on Sunday, after we’re going to the theater.

    Present Simple … with a future meaning:
    If you talk about programmes, timetables (for cinema, theater, public hours…)
    My plane leaves at 11.30 am.
    What time does the film start at the cinema? The film starts at 10.15 pm.

    About things fixed like a timetable:
    On Friday, I finish work at 6.00 pm
    On Wednesday, I go to the library at 10.00 am

    REMEMBER:
    Present Continuous with a future meaning:
    because you’ve arranged it: I’m doing something on Sunday. (I’ve already decided it!).
    before movement action with verbs go, come, leave: I’m going home.
    before a personnal arrangement with someone: I’m meeting him at 8 o’clock!

    Present Simple with a future meaning:
    about a programme/timetable: My plane leaves at 11.30 am.
    about habits: On Sunday, I go to the church at 9 o’clock.

    And differences:
    I’m arriving at 8.00 pm at the airport. But: The plane arrives at 8.00 pm
    I’m going to the cinema at 10 o’clock. But: The film starts at 10 o’clock.

    FUTURE: 

    • 018:   Present Tenses for the Future (I’m doing / I do)
    • 018:   Present Tenses for the Future with GOING TO DO: I’m going to do something
    • 019:   Future in english: introduction
    • 019:   Future in english with WILL
    • 019:    Future with Shall
    • 019:   Future in english with I’m going to
    • 019:   Future: I will or I’m going to … ?
    • 019:   Future with a Present Tense
    • 019:   Future: Will used in a Present situation
    Источник

    Future tenses indicate an action that will happen in the future. These are used to talk about the future; to describe what will happen (or will be happening) in future; and to make predictions about what might happen.

    The future tenses of verb are used to describe events that have not yet happened. The future tense can be used to express:

    1. Actions that will take place in the future
    2. Probability or likelihood of an event occurring
    3. Intentions or plans for the future

    There are a few different ways to form the future tense in English. The most common is to use the auxiliary verb “will” followed by the base form of the main verb. For example:

    • I will go to the store later.
    • She will read the book tonight.
    • They will finish their homework before dinner.

    Another way to form the future tense is by using “going to” followed by the base form of the main verb. This is used to express plans or intentions for the future. For example:

    • I am going to go to the store later.
    • She is going to read the book tonight.
    • They are going to finish their homework before dinner.

    Finally, the future tense can also be expressed using the present tense form (base form) of the main verb. This is typically used for scheduled events that will occur in the future. For example:

    • The train leaves at 6:00 pm.
    • His flight arrives at 9:30 am tomorrow.
    • The meeting starts in five minutes.

    The future tense is a verb tense used to indicate that an action or event is expected to take place in the future. The future tense can be used to express actions, events, or states of being that will occur at some point in the future.

    Types of Future Tenses

    There are four types of future tenses in English:

    • The simple future tense is used to describe an action or event that will happen in the future. For example, “I will go to the store.”
    • The future continuous tense is used to describe an action or event that will be happening at some point in the future. For example, “I will be going to the store.”
    • The future perfect tense is used to describe an action or event that will have happened at some point in the future. For example, “I will have gone to the store.”
    • The future perfect continuous tense is used to express an action that will continue up to a specific point in the future. For example, “The students will have been studying for two hours by the time we arrive.”

    What is Simple Future Tense?

    The simple future tense is used to describe an event that will take place in the future. It is typically expressed using the modal verb “will”. For example, the sentence “I will go to the store.” expresses the fact that going to the store is something that will happen in the future.

    Other ways of expressing the simple future tense include using the verb “shall” or using the base form of the verb with no auxiliary verb. In some cases, a present tense form may be used to express futurity, such as with the phrase “I am leaving tomorrow.”

    The simple future tense can also be used to express probability or likelihood, as in the sentence “This will be my last chance to see her.”

    When Simple Future Tense is Used?

    1. The Simple Future tense is used to express an action that will happen in the near future, e.g., She will write a book.
    2. We use will + infinitive for actions that are certain and definite, e.g., I will go to the party this weekend; She will buy a new car next month; We’ll see each other soon!
    3. We use going to + infinitive for actions that are likely but not certain, e.g., It’s going to rain tomorrow; He is going to fail his exam tomorrow because he didn’t study enough; They’re going to win their next match because they’re so good at tennis!

    Structure of Simple Future Tense

    The structure of simple future tense is:

    Subject + will + base form of verb

    He/She/It/I/We/They/You + will + base form

    Simple Future Tense Structure Example
    Affirmative Subject + will + base form He will eat cake.
    Negative Subject + will not + base form He will not eat cake.
    Interrogative Will + subject + base form + ? Will he eat cake?
    structure of simple future tense

    10 Examples of Simple Future Tense

    1. He will drive the car.
    2. She will teach the class.
    3. It will rain tomorrow.
    4. He will be able to do it.
    5. We will go to the park tomorrow.
    6. He will play tennis with his friends.
    7. They will visit their grandparents next week.
    8. I will read a book tonight.
    9. She will help me with my homework.
    10. They will go to the movies tomorrow.

    What is Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense?

    The Future Progressive Tense is used to express actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. The time can be expressed explicitly, or it can be implied. For example:

    • I will be studying for my test at 6pm tonight. (The time is expressed explicitly.)
    • Next week, I‘ll be getting my hair cut. (The time is implied.)

    However, there are some subtle differences in meaning between the two forms. In general, will is used for actions that are sure to happen, while be going to is used for actions that are more likely or planned. For example:

    • The sun will rise at 6am tomorrow. (This is a sure thing.)
    • I am going to study for my test tonight. (This is something I have planned.)

    There are also some differences in how we use these forms in spoken English. Will is more common in written English, while be going to is more common in spoken English. You can read here more detail regarding usage of will and going to.

    When Future Continuous Tense is Used?

    • The future continuous tense is used for actions that will occur in the near future – often within one or two days (For example: I will be leaving tomorrow.)
    • It is used with stative verbs to describe a change in state that will continue in the future (For example: The sun will be rising soon.)
    • Future Continuous Tense can also be used to talk about actions that are likely to happen in the near future but haven’t been scheduled yet (or set in stone). In this case, we use “will be going” instead of “will be.” For example: They will be going on vacation next month.

    Structure of Future Continuous Tense

    The structure of simple future tense is:

    Subject + will be + present participle

    He/She/It/I/You/We/They + will be + present participle

    Future Continuous Tense Structure Example
    Affirmative Subject + will be + present participle He will be eating cake.
    Negative Subject + will not be + present participle He will not be eating cake.
    Interrogative Will + subject + be + present participle+? Will he be eating cake?
    structure of future continuous tense

    10 Examples of Future Continuous Tense

    1. She will be eating dinner at 6:00 p.m.
    2. They will be arriving at the airport at 3:00 p.m.
    3. He will be playing tennis with his friends later this afternoon.
    4. Next week we will be going on a field trip to the zoo.
    5. I will be taking my final exams next month.
    6. They will be playing soccer on Saturday morning.
    7. In a month, we will be moving to a new house.
    8. She will be walking the dog at six o’clock tomorrow morning.
    9. You will be finishing your report by 5:00 PM today.
    10. Later tonight, I will be doing some laundry and cleaning the kitchen.

    What is Future Perfect Tense?

    The Future Perfect Tense is used to express an action that will be completed before a certain time in the future. This tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb “will” along with the present participle of the main verb. For example, “I will have finished my essay by noon tomorrow.”

    • By the time she arrives at 3 pm, I will have cleaned the entire house.
    • They will have arrived in New York by noon tomorrow.
    • You will have completed your homework before you go to bed.

    As you can see, the future perfect tense is used to describe an event that will happen before another event in the future. In order to form this tense, you need to use the correct verb conjugation of “will” followed by the correct verb conjugation of “have” and the past participle of the main verb.

    When Future Perfect Tense is Used?

    Here are some examples of how to use the future perfect tense:

    • “I will have finished by 10 pm.” This sentence shows that you have already planned to finish something by 10 pm, or it shows that you intend to finish something by 10 pm.
    • “She will be ready when we get there.” This sentence shows that she has already planned or decided on a time when she will be ready for something, such as meeting with someone else at a certain time and place.
    • “We won’t have eaten lunch by 3 o’clock.” This sentence shows that we haven’t yet planned on eating lunch at 3 o’clock (or any other time), but we know we will eat lunch sometime before that time arrives.

    Structure of Future Perfect Tense

    Structure of future perfect tense is:

    Subject + will have + past participle

    Future Perfect Tense Structure Example
    Affirmative Subject + will have + past participle He will have eaten cake.
    Negative Subject + will not have + past participle He will not have eaten cake.
    Interrogative Will + subject + have + past participle+? Will he have eaten cake?
    structure of future perfect tense

    10 Examples of Future Perfect Tense

    1. By six PM tonight, the delivery will have arrived.
    2. I will have graduated by this time next year.
    3. They will have finished the project by Monday morning.
    4. We will have reached our destination before dark.
    5. She will have read the entire book by tomorrow afternoon.
    6. By the end of this month, we will have paid our rent.
    7. You will have received your promotion by next week.
    8. They will have built the new bridge by 2024.
    9. We will have published our book by then.
    10. She will have cleaned the house before her guests arrive.

    What is Future Perfect Progressive Tense?

    The future perfect progressive tense is used to describe an ongoing action that will be completed at some point in the future. This tense is formed by using the present tense of the verb “to be” followed by the present participle of the main verb. For example:

    I will have been studying French for two years by the time I go to Paris.

    In this sentence, the action of studying French is ongoing and will be completed in the future.

    When Future Perfect Continuous Tense is Used?

    The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that will be unfinished at a certain time in the future. It can also be used to talk about an action that will have been going on for some time when another event happens.

    Examples:

    • I will have been working here for ten years when I retire. (When I retire, it will have been ten years since I started working here.)
    • She will not have been waiting for more than 5 minutes when her sister arrives. (Her sister hasn’t arrived yet, but she has been waiting for more than 5 minutes.)
    • He will not have been waiting long when he got his flight number called by the gate agent. (He was probably waiting only a short time before getting his flight number called.)

    Structure of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

    Structure of present perfect tense is:

    Subject + will have been + present participle

    He/She/It/I/You/We/They + will have been + present participle

    Future Perfect Continuous Tense Structure Example
    Affirmative Subject + will have + present participle He will have been eating cake for ten minutes.
    Negative Subject + will not have + present participle He will not have been eating cake for ten minutes.
    Interrogative Will + subject + have been + present participle + ? Will he have been eating cake for ten minutes?
    structure of present perfect tense

    10 Examples of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

    1. Next month, Sarah will have been working at her new job for six months.
    2. Within the next few weeks, the construction workers will have been working on the new bridge.
    3. I will have been flying to Australia for the first time in two days.
    4. I will have been playing the piano for six months by the time my recital comes around.
    5. He will have been writing his book for two years by the time it is finally published.
    6. She will have been taking dance classes for eight years by the time she graduates from college.
    7. She will have been jogging for an hour by the time she gets home.
    8. I will have been cooking dinner for half an hour by the time you get home.
    9. By the time we finish this race, we will have been running for over an hour.
    10. I will have been writing articles for the website for three years by the time I graduate.

    Future Tenses in English (Formula and Examples)Pin

    Future Tenses in English (Formula and Examples)

    Further Reading

    • Simple Future Tense Sentences
    • Simple Future Tense Worksheet
    • Future Continuous Tense Sentences
    • Future Continuous Tense Worksheet
    • Future Perfect Tense Sentences
    • Future Perfect Tense Worksheet
    • Future Perfect Continuous Tense Sentences
    • Future Perfect Continuous Tense Worksheet
    Источник

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