Английский глагол use [juːz], переводится как: пользоваться, использовать.
Входит в группы:
правильные глаголы.
3 формы глагола use: Infinitive (use), Past Simple — (used), Past Participle — (used).
📚 Глагол use имеет значения: употреблять, использовать, применять, потреблять, тратить, проводить (время), обращаться с чем-либо.
👉 Формы глагола use в настоящем и прошедшем времени 2-я и 3-я форма.
❓ Как будет use в прошедшем времени past simple.
Три формы глагола use
Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle | Перевод |
---|---|---|---|
use [juːz] |
used [juːzd] |
used [juːzd] |
пользоваться, использовать |
Как поставить use во 2-ю и 3-ю форму?
🎓 Как поставить глагол use в Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect?
👉 Всё очень просто, в этих временах прошедшего, будущего и совершённого времени, в английском используются 2я и 3я форма глагола:
- First form (V1) — use. (Present simple, Future Simple)
- Second form (V2) —
used.(Past simple)
- Third form (V3) —
used.(Present perfect, Past perfect)
Как поставить use в past simple?
Если вы не совсем поняли какую форму для use нужно использовать в прошедшем времени, будет:
use в past simple — used.
What is the past tense of use?
The past tense of use is used.
The past participle of use is used.
Временные формы глагола — Verb Tenses
Past simple — use в past simple, будет used.
(V2)
Future simple — use в future simple будет use. (will + V1)
Present Perfect — use в present perfect будет
used.
(havehas + V3)
Past Perfect — use в past perfect будет
used.
(had + V3)
Правильный или неправильный глагол use?
👉 Правильный это глагол ли нет? Глагол use это правильный глагол.
Примеры применения глагола use
-
We can’t use this tool properly — Мы не можем использовать этот инструмент правильно.
(Present Simple) -
We used the last try — Мы использовали последнюю попытку.
(Past Simple) -
He often uses drugs — Он часто употребляет наркотики.
(Present Simple) -
We don’t use that room anymore, you can stay there — Мы больше не пользуемся этой комнатой, можешь остановиться там.
(Present Simple) -
They used that book to show the development of printing — Они использовали эту книгу, чтобы показать развитие печатного дела.
(Past Simple) -
She used him to enter the university — Она использовала его, чтобы поступит в университет.
(Past Simple) -
We didn’t use that cabin, but it’s so hard to sell it — Мы не пользовались тем домиком, но так тяжело его продавать.
(Past Simple) -
I will use a car properly if you give me a chance — Я буду использовать машину правильно, если ты дашь мне шанс.
(Future Simple) -
He won’t use my research even if I tell him to — Он не будет использовать мое исследование, даже если я скажу ему сделать это.
(Future Simple) -
Look at that painting! I will use it to impress James — Посмотри на ту картину! Я использую ее, чтобы впечатлить Джеймса.
(Future Simple)
Вместе с use, часто смотрят глаголы
visit
and feel.
Глаголы на букву:
r,
d,
u,
c,
m,
p,
b,
w,
h,
a,
e,
g,
s,
q,
j,
l,
t,
f,
o,
n,
k,
i,
v,
y,
z.
Перевод use с английского на русский
- использовать (применять, применить, задействовать)
- пользоваться (воспользоваться)
- употреблять (потреблять, употребить)
- работать
Примеры
- use all means (использовать все средства)
- use correctly (правильно применять)
- use mobile phones (пользоваться мобильными телефонами)
- use public transport (пользоваться общественным транспортом)
- use marijuana (употреблять марихуану)
- use the word (употребить слово)
3 формы глагола с транскрипцией
Base Form Инфинитив |
Past Simple 2-ая форма |
Past Participle 3-ая форма (Причастие прошедшего времени) |
Gerund Герундий |
---|---|---|---|
use | used | used | using |
[juːz] | [juːst] | [juːst] | [ˈjuːzɪŋ] |
[juːz] | [ˈjuːzd] | [ˈjuːzd] | [ˈjuːzɪŋ] |
Тренажёр спряжения для запоминая форм
Настройки
Спряжение use в английском языке во всех временах, лицах и числах
Simple Tense — Простое (неопределенное) время
Present Simple
Простое настоящее
- I use
- you use
- he, she uses
- we use
- you use
- they use
Past Simple
Простое прошедшее
- I used
- you used
- he, she used
- we used
- you used
- they used
Future Simple
Простое будущее
- I will use
- you will use
- he, she will use
- we will use
- you will use
- they will use
Continuous Tense — Длительное время
Present Simple Continuous
Настоящее длительное
- I am using
- you are using
- he, she is using
- we are using
- you are using
- they are using
Past Simple Continuous
Прошедшее длительное
- I was using
- you were using
- he, she was using
- we were using
- you were using
- they were using
Future Simple Continuous
Будущее длительное
- I will be using
- you will be using
- he, she will be using
- we will be using
- you will be using
- they will be using
Perfect Tense — Совершенное время
Present Perfect
Настоящее совершенное
- I have used
- you have used
- he, she has used
- we have used
- you have used
- they have used
Past Perfect
Прошедшее совершенное
- I had used
- you had used
- he, she had used
- we had used
- you had used
- they had used
Future Perfect
Будущее совершенное
- I will have used
- you will have used
- he, she will have used
- we will have used
- you will have used
- they will have used
Perfect Continuous Tense — Длительное совершенное время
Present Perfect Continuous
Настоящее совершенное длительное
- I have been using
- you have been using
- he, she has been using
- we have been using
- you have been using
- they have been using
Past Perfect Continuous
Прошедшее совершенное длительное
- I had been using
- you had been using
- he, she had been using
- we had been using
- you had been using
- they had been using
Future Perfect Continuous
Будущее совершенное длительное
- I will have been using
- you will have been using
- he, she will have been using
- we will have been using
- you will have been using
- they will have been using
Conditional — Условное наклонение
Present
- I would use
- you would use
- he, she would use
- we would use
- you would use
- they would use
Perfect
- I would have used
- you would have used
- he, she would have used
- we would have used
- you would have used
- they would have used
Present Continuous
- I would be using
- you would be using
- he, she would be using
- we would be using
- you would be using
- they would be using
Perfect Continuous
- I would have been using
- you would have been using
- he, she would have been using
- we would have been using
- you would have been using
- they would have been using
Imperative — Повелительное наклонение
Imperative
- you use
- we Let’s use
- you use
Проспрягать другие глаголы
stretch, configure, cloud, thank, chat, trouble, hijack, blood, allow, jeopardise, feed, crack, pain, offset, interview, mind, drink, remedy, suppress, stay, skip, worry, bait, oversee, cure, shower, close
Do you have difficulty with the past tenses in English? Do you know the difference between the past simple and past perfect? Knowing what they are and when to use them can be tricky, but don’t worry we are here to help you with all your past tense doubts!
We’ll show you when to use them and give you some fun ways to practise them at home!
So, let’s start by looking at the four main past tense forms in English and their most common uses.
1. Past Simple
The first past tense you’ll often learn in your English classes is the past simple.
Form
For regular verbs we add -ed to the infinitive form of the verb. E.g.
Irregular verbs however, take a different form. There are hundreds of irregular verbs and you just have to learn them off by heart! Here are some of the most common:
Use
The main use of the past simple is for finished actions in the past. For example:
- I was born in San Francisco.
- I cleaned my room.
- I forgot my key.
We can use it with a finished time phrase like in the sentences below:
- Yesterday I went to the supermarket.
- Last night we watched the football.
- The phone rang five minutes ago.
Other common time expressions you can use are:
last month, last week, last summer, in 1997, when I was a child, a long time ago, on Monday, in February etc.
We also use the past simple for the main action when telling a story.
E.g. I woke up on my wedding day, I jumped out of bed and immediately called my brother. He didn’t pick up and so I began to worry.
Let’s see how much you’ve learned!
Activity One
We are going to test your knowledge of regular and irregular verbs! Watch this cartoon of Mr Bean making spaghetti. Then have a go at conjugating the verbs below into the past simple. Finally put the sequence in order they appear in the video!
Mr. Bean:
________ (brush) his teeth
________ (try) to cook spaghetti in the pot
________ (put) the spaghetti in the bath
________ (kill) the bird
________ (take) the spaghetti out of the cupboard.
*Check your answers at the end of this post.
2. Past Continuous
Another common past tense is the past continuous.
Form
We form it using was/were + verb + ing.
Use
A common use of the past continuous is to show that a longer action was interrupted (usually by a shorter action in the past simple). We often use the time expression when. For example:
- I was swimming in the sea when I saw a shark.
- Henry was sitting at home when the phone rang.
- She was playing golf when it began to rain.
When two continuous actions are happening at the same time we use the time expression while.
- I was talking to Sarah while she was driving.
- We were playing while dad was cooking dinner.
We can also use it to show a continuous action happening at a specific time in the past.
- Yesterday morning I was practising the piano.
- At 6 o’clock I was eating dinner.
- What were you doing at 8pm last night?
Finally, it can be used to add some description to a story.
E.g. It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. We were walking around our favourite park.
Note we don’t usually use continuous tenses with stative verbs.
Now let’s practise!
Activity Two
Look at these pictures and complete the sentences with your own ideas!
At 8 o’clock last night I was…
It was a Wednesday afternoon…
*Check your answers at the end of this post
3. Past Perfect
Now we can move on to a slightly more difficult tense – the past perfect.
Form
We make the past perfect by using had + past participle.
Use
We use it when one action happens before another past action. For example:
A. The film had started when we arrived. (the film started before we arrived)
B. The film started when we arrived (we arrived at the same time the film started)
We use time expressions such as before, by the time and when.
Be careful lots of students overuse the past perfect! Remember you only use it for actions that happened before the main action.
Activity Three
Learn more about the past perfect with this grammar game show from BBC Learning English.
How many answers did you get correct?
&nhbsp;
4. Past Perfect Continuous
The past perfect continuous is very similar to the past perfect.
Form
We form the past perfect continuous with had + been + verb + ing.
Use
We use it to show that an action which started in the past continued up to another point in the past. For example:
- She had been living in Italy for three years when she lost her job.
- I had been waiting for ten minutes before the bus came.
- By the time Steve arrived I had been working for nearly eight hours!
With the past perfect we use time expressions such as for five hours, for 2 weeks, for a long time, by the time.
We can also use it to talk about the cause of something in the past. E.g.
- Susan was sweating because she had been running.
- Henry was late because he had been studying.
Note we don’t usually use continuous tenses with stative verbs.
Activity Four
Practise when to use past perfect vs. past perfect continuous with this quiz!
Choose the correct answer in each question:
1. The children were tired because they had played all morning / had been playing all morning.
2. The customers were angry because the waiter had forgotten / had been forgetting their order.
3. He had married / had been marrying her two years before we met.
4. I had never stayed / had never been staying in London until 2012.
5. We had tried / had been trying the door for several hours before Anna found her key.
*Check your answers at the end of this post.
Activity Five
Finally, put all your new knowledge to the test! Look at this photo and answer the questions below using the different past tenses. Leave us a comment below with your ideas!
Speculate
1. Where was this photo taken?
2. Why was the man looking at the people in the background when the photo was taken?
3. What had happened just before the photo was taken?
4. Where had the man been going before the photo was taken?
*Check your answers at the end of this post.
—
Did you enjoy this blog? Had you studied all these rules before reading it? Leave us a comment and let us know!
You may also like to read our article about common grammar mistakes in English.
*Answers
Activity One:
E) He took the spaghetti out of the cupboard.
B) He tried to cook spaghetti in the pot.
C) He put the spaghetti in the bath.
A) He brushed his teeth.
D) He killed the bird.
—
Activity Two (example sentences):
At 8 o’clock last night I was watching TV.
At 8 o’clock last night I was reading a book.
At 8 o’clock last night I was cooking my dinner.
It was a Wednesday afternoon, it was raining heavily, I was sitting on the bus trying not to fall asleep.
—
Activity Four:
had been playing.
had forgotten.
had married.
had never stayed.
had been trying.
—
Activity Five (example sentences):
The photo was taken in a hotel.
The man was looking at the people in the background because he thought he recognised one of the women.
Just before the photo was taken the man had gone to the kitchen to get a drink of water.
The man had been walking back to his room before the photo was taken.
Glossary for Language Learners
Find the following words in the article and then write down any new ones you didn’t know.
Tricky (adj):: difficult.
Off by heart (exp): from memory.
To conjugate (v): to add different endings to a verb in order to produce all its different forms.
To move on (pv): to transition to something new.
Overuse (v): to use something too much.
Game show (n): a television programme where contestants win prizes.
Speculate (v): to guess possible answers to a question when you do not have enough information to be certain.
Key
adj = adjective
pv = phrasal verb
v = verb
n = noun
exp = expression
Study English at Oxford House Barcelona
Interested in taking an English course at Oxford House Barcelona? Check all the different English classes we can offer you, or our summer courses, and contact us for more information.
Study English at Oxford House Barcelona
Interested in taking an English course at Oxford House Barcelona? Check all the different English classes we can offer you, or our summer courses, and contact us for more information.
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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used
In simple past tense, you would say, «I used a computer last week.»
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∙ 11y ago
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Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
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«using» is the present participle of the word «use», so the past
tense will be «used».
This answer is:
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∙ 11y ago
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The Key to the Past Tenses: Adverbs of Time
The use of the past tenses is described in this material. Expressions in the groups «Adverbs of time» below include adverbs, adverbial phrases, prepositions and conjunctions that are often used with these tenses. General information on English tenses and their adverbs of time is provided in Key to English Tenses. A list of tense forms for memorization is provided in Formulas of Tenses in the section Grammar.
SIMPLE PAST
Form: Regular verbs: base form + ending «ed» for all persons (looked, finished). Irregular verbs: simple past form for all persons (did, came, took). The verb BE: I/he/she/it was; we/you/they were.
Meaning: The action happened (started and ended) in the past; there is no connection with the present.
Adverbs of time: yesterday; last week; last year; in 1984; in 2007; an hour ago; a year ago; a long time ago.
The simple past tense expresses an action that happened in the past. The time of the action is usually clearly specified as referring to the past, most often with the help of the adverbs of time indicated above.
He came back last week.
I bought a new vacuum cleaner yesterday.
She was very busy yesterday.
He left two hours ago.
It happened many years ago.
They were in England in 2007.
The concert ended at ten o’clock.
Did he call you last night? – Yes, he did.
Did you go to the park on Sunday? – No, we didn’t.
The time of the action expressed by the simple past may be indicated by a subordinate clause. For example:
It happened when he was six.
When I saw Richard, I asked him about his new company.
When did you see him? – I saw him yesterday.
What did you do when the fire started? – I ran out of the house.
The time of the action expressed by the simple past may be implied in the situation referring to the past. For example:
Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven plays.
My parents met in college.
I bought this book in Spain.
I liked those shoes, but I didn’t buy them.
Note again that the simple past expresses completed past actions that started and ended in the past, including a single past action, repeated past actions, actions that happened one after another in the past, and actions (or states) that lasted for a period of time in the past.
She lost her purse yesterday.
He visited her twice last month.
I called them several times yesterday.
She typed a couple of letters, made a couple of phone calls, had a cup of coffee, and went to the bank.
He sold cars for five years. (Then he became a writer.)
She waited for his call all evening yesterday, but he didn’t call.
Note: Used to
«Used to» is also used to express repeated (customary) actions that regularly happened in the past and actions (or states) that lasted for a period of time in the past.
«Used to» stresses that the indicated situation existed in the past, but not now. In similar sentences without «used to», the simple past simply states that the indicated situation took place in the past. Compare:
He used to play tennis every week when he was younger. (But now he doesn’t play tennis every week.)
He played tennis every week when he was younger.
We used to live near a large park five years ago. (We don’t live there now.)
We lived near a large park five years ago.
She used to be very thin when she was a child.
She was very thin when she was a child.
Note: The rules of adding «ed» to verbs are described in Adding the Endings ed, ing to Verbs in the section Writing. Irregular verbs are listed in Irregular Verbs in the section Writing.
PAST CONTINUOUS
Form: WAS/WERE + present participle (I/he/she/it was doing; we/you/they were doing).
Meaning: 1. The action (past continuous) was going on in the past when another action (simple past) happened. 2. The action was going on at a specific point of time in the past.
Adverbs of time: when; while; at five o’clock yesterday; at that moment; at that time; last year.
The past continuous tense expresses an action that was going on (was in progress) in the past when another action happened, expressed by the simple past in a subordinate clause. Also, the simple past may be in the main clause, and the past continuous in the subordinate clause.
I was reading a letter when Tom came in.
When Tom came in, I was reading a letter.
Tom came in when I was reading a letter.
He was sleeping when the telephone rang.
The telephone rang while she was taking a bath.
I called them while I was waiting for the bus.
When I called, Lena was doing her homework and Nina was reading a book.
It was raining when I woke up.
What were you doing when the fire started? – I was making breakfast in the kitchen.
The past continuous expresses an action that was going on (was in progress) at a specific point of time in the past. (The point of time in the past may be a moment or a period of time.) For example:
We were watching TV at three o’clock yesterday.
What were you doing at four o’clock? – I was walking my dog.
Where is my jacket? It was lying here five minutes ago.
At this time last year he was living in Paris.
He was teaching economics at a business school last year.
They were traveling in Europe during the summer.
The point of time at which the action expressed by the past continuous was going on may be indicated in another sentence. For example:
I saw two boys in the hall. They were eating ice cream.
What did she say? – Sorry, I wasn’t listening.
Sometimes the past continuous is used in the main clause and in the subordinate clause when two actions were in progress simultaneously.
While Lena was doing her homework, Nina was reading a book.
Her children were watching TV while she was cooking dinner.
Generally, the simple past, not the past continuous, is used when two actions in a sentence went on for some time in the past and ended in the past.
When she was a child, she lived in Mexico with her parents.
When he lived in Toronto, he worked at a library.
Her children watched TV while she cooked dinner.
The simple past, not the past continuous, is used when you enumerate past actions that happened one after another in the past, even if such actions lasted for some time.
Yesterday he cleaned his room, made dinner, watched TV for two hours, and walked in the park.
PAST PERFECT
Form: HAD + past participle for all persons (had done; had looked).
Meaning: The action (past perfect) happened and was completed before another past action (simple past) or before a specific point of time in the past.
Adverbs of time: by the time; before; after; when (in the meanings «by the time; after»); by two o’clock yesterday; by that time; already.
By the time he returned, I had finished my work on the report.
By the time I got there, the concert had already begun.
He cleaned the garage after he had washed his car.
He had washed his car before he cleaned the garage.
He thought that she had already left for London.
She had typed six pages of the report by ten o’clock yesterday.
Until yesterday, I had never seen that man in our office.
The use of the past perfect with «when, after, before»
«When» as such doesn’t call for the past perfect but is often used with it in the meanings «by the time» or «after» to show the preceding or the following action.
When they called, she had already left. (Meaning: By the time they called, she had already left.)
When he had arrived, we went to a restaurant. (Meaning: After he had arrived, we went to a restaurant.)
He called the manager when they had left. (Meaning: He called the manager after they had left.)
We had already sent all the letters when the manager arrived. (Meaning: We sent the letters before the manager arrived.)
If it is not necessary to stress that the preceding action had already happened (had been completed) before the other action in the past started, the simple past may be used with «when» in the meaning «after».
When he arrived, we went to a restaurant. (Meaning: After he arrived, we went to a restaurant.)
He called the manager when they left. (Meaning: He called the manager after they left.)
The past perfect is not used very often in everyday speech. It is usually required in sentences with «by the time» and is also used in sentences with «when» if it is necessary to indicate or to stress which action happened before and which after the specified action in the past.
With «before, after», the past perfect is not really necessary because it is clear which action was before and which after. The simple past is often used instead of the past perfect with «before, after», especially in everyday speech.
After they left, he went to bed.
I called him before I called you.
However, if «before» is used in the past context in the meaning «earlier», the past perfect is required.
He told me that he had never been there before.
Yesterday I watched a good old movie that I hadn’t seen before.
The past perfect is used in sentences of the following type, often in constructions with inverted word order. (See Inversion in the section Miscellany.)
No sooner had he entered the house than the telephone rang.
He had hardly said it when the door opened.
Several past events described in succession are usually expressed by the simple past. But if an earlier completed action is mentioned among them, such an action is often expressed by the past perfect. For example:
She came home at about seven. She was tired but happy. She had bought nice presents for her children and a good warm coat for herself. She went to the kitchen, made tea, and cut a large piece of the pie that she had made for supper.
He walked quickly to the place where he had left his car. He saw Maria near the entrance to the park. She was walking her dog. He had often stopped to say hello to her and to pat her dog. But today he was in a hurry.
If the actions happened one after another in the past and are enumerated in the same succession, the simple past is used, not the past perfect. For example:
She packed her suitcase, put her ticket, passport and money into her handbag, and called a taxi.
First I washed my car, then I cleaned the garage, and after that I went for a walk.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Form: HAD + BEEN + present participle for all persons (had been doing; had been looking).
Meaning: 1. The action (past perfect continuous) lasted for some time before another action in the past happened (simple past). 2. The action lasted for some time before a specific point of time in the past.
Adverbs of time: by the time; before; after; when (in the meaning «by the time»); + for two hours; for a long time.
By the time he returned, I had been working for seven hours.
He had been living in Chicago for ten years by the time he moved to Boston.
I had been waiting for three months before they finally sent me an answer.
He had been sleeping for five hours when she came back.
It had been raining for a long time when we went out of the hotel.
By seven o’clock last night she had already been typing for ten hours, so I told her to rest for a while.
The past perfect continuous tense is used mostly in writing, for example, in literary works, in formal correspondence and in scientific literature. In a number of cases, the past perfect may be used instead of the past perfect continuous, with the same adverbs of time.
By the time he returned, I had worked for seven hours.
He had lived in Chicago for ten years by the time he moved to Boston.
I had waited for three months before they finally sent me an answer.
Stative verbs (nonprogressive verbs) are used in the past perfect instead of the past perfect continuous.
They had been married for twenty years when they got divorced.
She told me that she had known him for years.
(A brief description of stative verbs is given in Key to Present Tenses in the section Grammar.)
Употребление времён группы Past описывается в данном материале. Выражения в группах «Adverbs of time» ниже включают в себя наречия, наречные сочетания, предлоги и союзы, которые часто употребляются с этими временами. Общая информация по английским временам и их наречиям времени дана в материале Key to English Tenses. Список форм времён для запоминания дан в материале Formulas of Tenses в разделе Grammar.
Простое прошедшее
Форма: Правильные глаголы: базовая форма + окончание «ed» для всех лиц (looked, finished). Неправильные глаголы: форма прошедшего времени для всех лиц (did, came, took). Глагол BE: I/he/she/it was; we/you/they were.
Значение: Действие произошло (началось и закончилось) в прошлом; нет связи с настоящим.
Наречия времени: вчера; на прошлой неделе; в прошлом году; в 1984 году; в 2007 г.; час назад; год назад; давно.
Время simple past выражает действие, которое произошло в прошлом. Время действия обычно ясно указывается как относящееся к прошлому, чаще всего с помощью наречий времени, указанных выше.
Он вернулся на прошлой неделе.
Я купил новый пылесос вчера.
Она была очень занята вчера.
Он ушёл два часа назад.
Это случилось много лет назад.
Они были в Англии в 2007 году.
Концерт закончился в десять часов.
Он звонил вам вчера вечером? – Да, звонил.
Вы ходили в парк в воскресенье? – Нет, не ходили.
Время действия, выраженного simple past, может быть указано придаточным предложением. Например:
Это случилось, когда ему было шесть лет.
Когда я увидел Ричарда, я спросил его о его новой компании.
Когда вы его видели? – Я видел его вчера.
Что вы сделали, когда начался пожар? – Я выбежал из дома.
Время действия, выраженного simple past, может подразумеваться в ситуации, относящейся к прошлому. Например:
Шекспир написал тридцать семь пьес.
Мои родители познакомились в колледже.
Я купил эту книгу в Испании.
Мне понравились те туфли, но я не купил их.
Ещё раз обратите внимание, что simple past выражает завершившиеся прошедшие действия, которые начались и закончились в прошлом, включая одиночное прошедшее действие, повторявшиеся прошедшие действия, действия, которые произошли одно за другим в прошлом, и действия (или состояния), которые длились в течение какого-то периода времени в прошлом.
Она потеряла кошелёк вчера.
Он навестил её дважды в прошлом месяце.
Я звонил им несколько раз вчера.
Она напечатала пару писем, сделала пару звонков, выпила чашку кофе и пошла в банк.
Он продавал автомобили в течение пяти лет. (Затем он стал писателем.)
Он ждала его звонка весь вечер вчера, но он не позвонил.
Примечание: Used to
«Used to» тоже используется для выражения повторявшихся (привычных) действий, которые регулярно происходили в прошлом, и действий (или состояний), которые длились в течение какого-то периода времени в прошлом.
«Used to» подчёркивает, что указанная ситуация существовала в прошлом, но не сейчас. В похожих предложениях без «used to», время simple past просто констатирует, что указанная ситуация имела место в прошлом. Сравните:
Он (обычно) играл в теннис каждую неделю, когда был моложе. (Но теперь он не играет в теннис каждую неделю.)
Он играл в теннис каждую неделю, когда был моложе.
Мы жили около большого парка пять лет назад. (Мы не живём там теперь.)
Мы жили около большого парка пять лет назад.
Она была очень худенькой, когда была ребёнком.
Она была очень худенькой, когда была ребёнком.
Примечание: Правила прибавления «ed» к глаголам описаны в статье Adding the Endings ed, ing to Verbs в разделе Writing. Неправильные глаголы приведены в материале Irregular Verbs в разделе Writing.
Прошедшее продолженное
Форма: WAS/WERE + причастие настоящего времени (I/he/she/it was doing; we/you/they were doing).
Значение: 1. Действие (past continuous) длилось в прошлом, когда другое действие (simple past) произошло. 2. Действие длилось в определённый момент времени в прошлом.
Наречия времени: когда; пока; в то время когда; в пять часов вчера; в тот момент; в то время; в прошлом году.
Время past continuous выражает действие, которое происходило (было в процессе) в прошлом, когда произошло другое действие, выраженное временем simple past в придаточном предложении. Также, simple past может быть в главном предложении, а время past continuous в придаточном предложении.
Я читал письмо, когда вошёл Том.
Когда Том вошёл, я читал письмо.
Том вошёл, когда я читал письмо.
Он спал, когда зазвонил телефон.
Телефон зазвонил в то время, когда она принимала ванну.
Я позвонил им, пока я ждал автобус.
Когда я позвонил, Лена делала свою домашнюю работу, а Нина читала книгу.
Когда я проснулся, шёл дождь.
Что вы делали, когда начался пожар? – Я готовил завтрак на кухне.
Время past continuous выражает действие, которое происходило (было в процессе) в определённый момент времени в прошлом. (Момент времени в прошлом может быть моментом или периодом времени.) Например:
Мы смотрели телевизор в три часа вчера.
Что вы делали в четыре часа? – Я выгуливал мою собаку.
Где моя куртка? Она лежала здесь пять минут назад.
В это время в прошлом году он жил в Париже.
Он преподавал экономику в школе бизнеса в прошлом году.
Они путешествовали в Европе (прошлым) летом.
Момент времени, в который происходило действие, выраженное past continuous, может указываться в другом предложении. Например:
Я увидел двух мальчиков в холле. Они ели мороженое.
Что она сказала? – Извини, я не слушал.
Иногда past continuous употребляется в главном предложении и в придаточном предложении, когда два действия были в процессе одновременно.
Пока Лена делала свою домашнюю работу, Нина читала книгу.
Её дети смотрели телевизор, пока (в то время, когда) она готовила обед.
Обычно употребляется simple past, а не past continuous, когда два действия в предложении продолжались какое-то время в прошлом и закончились в прошлом.
Когда она была ребёнком, она жила в Мексике со своими родителями.
Когда он жил в Торонто, он работал в библиотеке.
Её дети смотрели телевизор, пока (в то время, когда) она готовила обед.
Simple past, а не past continuous, употребляется, когда вы перечисляете прошедшие действия, которые произошли одно за другим в прошлом, даже если такие действия длились какое-то время.
Вчера он убрал / убирал свою комнату, приготовил обед, смотрел телевизор в течение двух часов и гулял / погулял в парке.
Прошедшее совершенное
Форма: HAD + причастие прошедшего времени для всех лиц (had done; had looked).
Значение: Действие (past perfect) произошло и завершилось раньше другого действия в прошлом (simple past) или раньше определённого момента в прошлом.
Наречия времени: к тому времени, как; раньше; до того, как; после того, как; когда (в значениях «к тому времени, как; после того, как»); к двум часам вчера; к тому времени; уже.
К тому времени, как он вернулся, я закончил свою работу над докладом.
К тому времени, как я приехал туда, концерт уже начался.
Он почистил гараж после того, как он вымыл свою машину.
Он вымыл свою машину до того, как он почистил гараж.
Он думал, что она уже уехала в Лондон.
Она напечатала шесть страниц доклада к десяти часам вчера.
До вчерашнего дня, я никогда видел этого человека в нашем офисе.
Употребление past perfect с «when, after, before»
«Когда» само не вызывает past perfect, но часто употребляется с ним в значениях «к тому времени, как» или «после того, как» для показа предшествующего или последующего действия.
Когда они позвонили, она уже ушла. (Значение: К тому времени, как они позвонили, она уже ушла.)
Когда он приехал, мы пошли в ресторан. (Значение: После того, как он (уже) приехал, мы пошли в ресторан.)
Он позвонил менеджеру, когда они (уже) ушли. (Значение: Он позвонил менеджеру после того, как они (уже) ушли.)
Мы уже отослали все письма, когда приехал менеджер. (Значение: Мы отослали письма до того, как приехал менеджер.)
Если нет необходимости подчеркивать, что предшествующее действие уже произошло (было завершено) до того, как другое действие в прошлом началось, то может быть употреблено simple past с «when» в значении «after».
Когда он приехал, мы пошли в ресторан. (Значение: После того, как он приехал, мы пошли в ресторан.).
Он позвонил менеджеру, когда они ушли. (Значение: Он позвонил менеджеру после того, как они ушли.)
Время past perfect не очень часто употребляется в разговорной речи. Оно обычно требуется в предложениях с «by the time», а также употребляется в предложениях с «when», если нужно указать или подчеркнуть, которое действие произошло до, а которое после указанного действия в прошлом.
С «before, after» время past perfect не так уж нужно, т.к. и так ясно, которое действие было до того, а которое после. Simple past часто употребляется вместо past perfect с «before, after», особенно в разговорной речи.
После того как они ушли, он пошёл спать.
Я позвонил ему прежде, чем позвонил вам.
Однако, если «before» употреблено в прошедшем контексте в значении «ранее, раньше», требуется past perfect.
Он сказал мне, что никогда не бывал там раньше.
Вчера я смотрел хороший старый фильм, который я раньше не видел.
Past perfect употребляется в предложениях следующего типа, часто в конструкциях с обратным порядком слов. (См. Inversion в разделе Miscellany.)
Едва он вошёл в дом, как зазвонил телефон.
Не успел он сказать это, как дверь открылась.
Несколько прошедших событий, описываемых в последовательности, обычно выражаются временем simple past. Но если между ними упоминается более раннее завершённое действие, такое действие часто выражается временем past perfect. Например:
Она пришла домой около семи. Она была уставшая, но счастливая. Она купила хорошие подарки для детей и хорошее тёплое пальто для себя. Она пошла на кухню, приготовила чай и отрезала большой кусок пирога, который она приготовила на ужин.
Он быстро пошёл к тому месту, где он оставил свою машину. Он увидел Марию возле входа в парк. Она гуляла с собакой. Он (раньше) часто останавливался, чтобы поздороваться с ней и погладить её собаку. Но сегодня он спешил.
Если действия произошли одно за другим в прошлом и перечисляются в той же последовательности, употребляется simple past, а не past perfect. Например:
Она упаковала свой чемодан, положила свой билет, паспорт и деньги в сумочку и вызвала такси.
Сначала я вымыл машину, затем я вычистил гараж, а после этого я пошёл на прогулку.
Прошедшее совершенное продолженное
Форма: HAD + BEEN + причастие настоящего времени для всех лиц (had been doing; had been looking).
Значение: 1. Действие (past perfect continuous) продолжалось какое-то время прежде того, как произошло другое действие в прошлом (simple past). 2. Действие продолжалось в течение какого-то времени раньше определённого момента в прошлом.
Наречия времени: к тому времени, как; до того, как; после того, как; когда (в значении «к тому времени, как»); + в течение двух часов; в течение долгого времени.
К тому времени, как он вернулся, я проработал (я уже работал) в течение семи часов.
Он прожил в Чикаго десять лет к тому времени, как переехал в Бостон.
Я прождал три месяца, прежде чем они наконец прислали мне ответ.
Он (уже) спал в течение пяти часов, когда она вернулась.
Дождь шёл (уже) долгое время, когда мы вышли из гостиницы.
К семи часам вечера вчера она уже печатала в течение десяти часов, поэтому я сказал ей отдохнуть немного.
Время past perfect continuous употребляется в основном в письменной речи, например, в литературных произведениях, в официальной переписке и в научной литературе. В ряде случаев, past perfect может употребляться вместо past perfect continuous, с теми же наречиями времени.
К тому времени, как он вернулся, я проработал в течение семи часов.
Он прожил в Чикаго десять лет к тому времени, как переехал в Бостон.
Я прождал три месяца, прежде чем они наконец прислали мне ответ.
Глаголы состояния, не употребляющиеся в продолженных временах, употребляются в past perfect вместо past perfect continuous.
Они были женаты в течение двадцати лет (к тому времени), когда они развелись.
Она сказала мне, что она знала его много лет.
(Краткое описание глаголов состояния дано в материале Key to Present Tenses в разделе Grammar.)