| 1. | Base Form (Infinitive): | Run |
| 2. | Simple Past: | Ran |
| 3. | Past Participle: | Run |
| 4. | Present Participle: | Running |
| 5. | 3rd Person Singular: | Runs |
| Ran |
| Ran is the past tense of the word run. |
Run past participle
| Run |
| Run is the past participle of the word run. |
Run verb forms V1 V2 V3 V4
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Present Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Run | Ran | Run | Running |
Conjugation of Run
| Simple / Indefinite Present Tense |
| I run every sunday. |
| He/She/It runs every sunday. |
| You/We/They run every sunday. |
| Simple Past Tense |
| I ran every sunday. |
| He/She/It ran every sunday. |
| You/We/They ran every sunday. |
| Simple Future Tense |
| I will/shall run every sunday. |
| He/She/It will run every sunday. |
| You/We/They will/shall run every sunday. |
| Present Continuous Tense |
| I am running every sunday. |
| He/She/It is running every sunday. |
| You/We/They are running every sunday. |
| Past Continuous Tense |
| I was running every sunday. |
| He/She/It was running every sunday. |
| You/We/They were running every sunday. |
| Future Continuous Tense |
| I will be running every Sunday. |
| He/She/It will be running every Sunday. |
| You/We/They will be running every Sunday. |
| Present Perfect Tense |
| I have run every Sunday. |
| He/She/It has run every Sunday. |
| You/We/They have run every Sunday. |
| Past Perfect Tense |
| I had run every Sunday. |
| He/She/It had run every Sunday. |
| You/We/They had run every Sunday. |
| Future Perfect Tense |
| I will have run every Sunday. |
| He/She/It will have run every Sunday. |
| You/We/They will have run every Sunday. |
| Present Perfect Continuous Tense |
| I have been running every Sunday. |
| He/She/It has been running every Sunday. |
| You/We/They have been running every Sunday. |
| Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
| I had been running every Sunday. |
| He/She/It had been running every Sunday. |
| You/We/They had been running every Sunday. |
| Future Perfect Continuous Tense |
| I will have been running every Sunday. |
| He/She/It will have been running every Sunday. |
| You/We/They will have been running every Sunday. |
More verb past tense
- Say
- Scream
- See
- Seek
- Sell
The English verb ‘run’ is pronounced as [rʌn].
Related to:
irregular verbs.
3 forms of verb run: Infinitive (run), Past Simple — (ran), Past Participle — (run).
Here are the past tense forms of the verb run
👉 Forms of verb run in future and past simple and past participle.
❓ What is the past tense of run.
| Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| run [rʌn] |
ran [ræn] |
run [rʌn] |
What are the 2nd and 3rd forms of the verb run?
🎓 What are the past simple, future simple, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect forms of the base form (infinitive) ‘run‘?
Learn the three forms of the English verb ‘run’
- the first form (V1) is ‘run’ used in present simple and future simple tenses.
- the second form (V2) is ‘ran’
used in past simple tense.
- the third form (V3) is
‘run’used in present perfect and past perfect tenses.
What are the past tense and past participle of run?
The past tense and past participle of run are:
run in past simple is
ran,
and past participle is
run.
What is the past tense of run?
The past tense of the verb «run» is «ran»,
and the past participle is
«run».
Verb Tenses
Past simple — run in past simple ran
(V2).
Future simple — run in future simple is run (will + V1).
Present Perfect — run in present perfect tense is
run
(have/has + V3).
Past Perfect — run in past perfect tense is
run
(had + V3).
run regular or irregular verb?
👉 Is ‘run’ a regular or irregular verb? The verb ‘run’ is irregular verb.
Examples of Verb run in Sentences
-
The film runs 3.5 hours(Present Simple)
-
The dog ran toward building(Past Simple)
-
The bill runs to $2500(Present Simple)
-
Who is running this business?(Present Continuous)
-
He isn’t running, just pretending doing that(Present Continuous)
-
While she is running farther, drink some water(Present Continuous)
-
They haven’t run the marathon, but photos were beautiful(Present Perfect)
-
The water is running, turn off the faucet(Present Continuous)
-
This project will be run by our company(Future Simple)
-
They will run faster when see their fans(Future Simple)
Along with run, words are popular
find
and eat.
Verbs by letter:
r,
d,
u,
c,
m,
p,
b,
w,
h,
a,
e,
g,
s,
q,
j,
l,
t,
f,
o,
n,
k,
i,
v,
y,
z.
Английский глагол run [rʌn], переводится как: бежать.
Входит в группы:
неправильные глаголы,
глаголы 3-й класс,
глаголы 4-й класс,
глаголы 5-й класс.
3 формы глагола run: Infinitive (run), Past Simple — (ran), Past Participle — (run).
📚 Глагол run имеет значения: бегать, бежать, гнать, убегать, катиться, скользить, следовать, двигаться, курсировать, совершать побег, протекать, происходить, мелькать, проноситься..
👉 Формы глагола run в настоящем и прошедшем времени 2-я и 3-я форма.
❓ Как будет run в прошедшем времени past simple.
Три формы глагола run
| Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle | Перевод |
|---|---|---|---|
| run [rʌn] |
ran [ræn] |
run [rʌn] |
бежать |
Как поставить run во 2-ю и 3-ю форму?
🎓 Как поставить глагол run в Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect?
👉 Всё очень просто, в этих временах прошедшего, будущего и совершённого времени, в английском используются 2я и 3я форма глагола:
- First form (V1) — run. (Present simple, Future Simple)
- Second form (V2) —
ran.(Past simple)
- Third form (V3) —
run.(Present perfect, Past perfect)
Как поставить run в past simple?
Если вы не совсем поняли какую форму для run нужно использовать в прошедшем времени, будет:
run в past simple — ran.
What is the past tense of run?
The past tense of run is ran.
The past participle of run is run.
Временные формы глагола — Verb Tenses
Past simple — run в past simple, будет ran.
(V2)
Future simple — run в future simple будет run. (will + V1)
Present Perfect — run в present perfect будет
run.
(havehas + V3)
Past Perfect — run в past perfect будет
run.
(had + V3)
Правильный или неправильный глагол run?
👉 Правильный это глагол ли нет? Глагол run это неправильный глагол.
Примеры применения глагола run
-
The film runs 3.5 hours — Фильм идет 3,5 часа.
(Present Simple) -
The dog ran toward building — Собака побежала к зданию.
(Past Simple) -
The bill runs to $2500 — Счет составляет 2500 долларов.
(Present Simple) -
Who is running this business? — Кто ведет этот бизнес?
(Present Continuous) -
He isn’t running, just pretending doing that — Он не бежит, только делает вид.
(Present Continuous) -
While she is running farther, drink some water — Пока она бежит дальше, выпей воды.
(Present Continuous) -
They haven’t run the marathon, but photos were beautiful — Они не бежали марафон, но фото были прекрасные.
(Present Perfect) -
The water is running, turn off the faucet — Вода течет, закрой кран.
(Present Continuous) -
This project will be run by our company — Этот проект будет осуществляться нашей компанией.
(Future Simple) -
They will run faster when see their fans — Они побегут быстрее, когда увидят своих фанов.
(Future Simple)
Вместе с run, часто смотрят глаголы
study
and catch.
Глаголы на букву:
r,
d,
u,
c,
m,
p,
b,
w,
h,
a,
e,
g,
s,
q,
j,
l,
t,
f,
o,
n,
k,
i,
v,
y,
z.
Run V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 is one of the verbs that are used very commonly in English tests as well as in everyday communication. Also, because it’s an irregular verb, run doesn’t follow the regular rule. The verb “run” has five different forms: base form, past simple, past participle form, present perfect, and present perfect participle. So what is run‘s past? How do conjugate verbs with run verbs?
Let’s find out with English tivi in the article below.
See more at: Verbs
Run of Definition and Meaning
Run is a verb that means to go away or leave quickly, usually not stopping.
| Base Form (V1) | run |
| Past Form (V2) | ran |
| Past Participle Form (V3) | run |
| s / es/ es (V4) | runs |
| ‘ing’ form (V5) | running |
Run of Past Simple V2
The verb Run is also employed in its V2 form as “ran”’. It is used to indicate the past tense in sentences.
Run of Past Participle V3
This verb’s V3 form is ‘run‘. In the case of past perfect tense or present perfect tense, the word ‘run‘ is used.
+ In the present perfect tense, the word run is used ‘have +’run ’ or ‘has +’run.’
- I, you, and we are used as ‘have + ‘run‘ subjects.
- He, she, and it are used as ‘has +’run‘ subjects.
+ If you need to use the past perfect tense, use ‘had +’run‘ regardless of the subject.
You might also like: ALL the English Grammar Basics You Need
Conjugation of Run V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
| Conjugation table: run | |||
| Number | Singular | ||
| Present Simple of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| run | run | runs | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| run | run | run | |
| Present Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| am running | are running | is running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| are running | are running | are running | |
| Present Perfect of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| have run | have run | has run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| have run | have run | have run | |
| Present Perfect Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| have been running | have been running | has been running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| have been running | have been running | have been running | |
| Past Simple of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| ran | ran | ran | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| ran | ran | ran | |
| Past Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| was running | were running | was running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| were running | were running | were running | |
| Past Perfect of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| had run | had run | had run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| had run | had run | had run | |
| Past Perfect Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| had been running | had been running | had been running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| had been running | had been running | had been running | |
| Future Simple of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| will/shall run | will/shall run | will/shall run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| will/shall run | will/shall run | will/shall run | |
| Future Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| will/shall be running | will/shall be running | will/shall be running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| will/shall be running | will/shall be running | will/shall be running | |
| Future Perfect of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| will/shall have run | will/shall have run | will/shall have run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| will/shall have run | will/shall have run | will/shall have run | |
| Future Perfect Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| will/shall have been running | will/shall have been running | will/shall have been running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| will/shall have been running | will/shall have been running | will/shall have been running | |
| Conditional Present of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| would run | would run | would run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| would run | would run | would run | |
| Conditional Perfect of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| would have run | would have run | would have run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| would have run | would have run | would have run | |
| Conditional Present Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| would be running | would be running | would be running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| would be running | would be running | would be running | |
| Conditional Perfect Continuous of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| would have been running | would have been running | would have been running | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| would have been running | would have been running | would have been running | |
| Present Subjunctive of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| run | run | run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| run | run | run | |
| Past Subjunctive of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| ran | ran | ran | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| ran | ran | ran | |
| Past Perfect Subjunctive of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| had run | had run | had run | |
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| had run | had run | had run | |
| Imperative of run | I | You | She/He/It |
| run | |||
| Plural | |||
| We | You | They | |
| Let’s run | run |
See more at: Vocabulary
Example Sentences with Run V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
In this section, we will learn about run sentence examples:
+ They ran away from the thief.
+ I bet I can run faster than you.
+ We can’t run sixty miles in an hour.
+ The burglar was run down by a detective from After.
+ I don’t want to run your life.
Synonym Words For Run
Synonym of run word list. Here are a variety of words whose meaning is nearly the synonym of run:
- dash
- race
- rush
- hurry
- sprint
- bolt
- speed
- dart
- gallop
- hare
- hasten
- scamper
- scurry
- scuttle
- trot
- shoot
Opposite Words For Run
The antonym of run word list. Here are some words that have nearly the opposite meaning as run:
- walk
- tread
- dawdle
- step
- plod
- stroll
- trudge
- amble
- ambulate
- canter
- crawl
- creep
- stop
- linger
You might also like: Best List of Irregular Verbs in English
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Run (Verb)
What is the V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 of run?
The past tense of run is ran. The third-person singular simple present indicative form of run is runs. The present participle of run is running. The past participle of run is run.
| Base Form (V1) | run |
| Past Form (V2) | ran |
| Past Participle Form (V3) | run |
| s / es/ ies (V4) | runs |
| ‘ing’ form (V5) | running |
What is the V2 and V3 form of run?
+ The V2 and V3 form of run is “ran“ and “run”.
What is the sentence of run?
What is the past tense V2 of run?
+ The past tense of run is “ran“.
What is the past participle V3 of run?
+ The past participle of run is “run“.
What is the present participle V5 of run?
+ The present participle of run is “running“.
Conclusion
Let’s learn with Englishtivi.com the structure of the verb “Run V1 V2 V3 V4 V5“: Base Form, Past Simple, Present Continuous and Present Continuous and Present Continuous and Present Continuous forms. We wish you all the best of luck.
You should subscribe to the English TV YouTube channel if you want to learn more about the English language and improve your proficiency.
Here are other verbs V1 V2 V3 List
| Base Form V1 | Past Form V2 | Past Participle Form V3 |
| abide | abode/abided | abode/abided |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awoke | awoken |
| backslide | backslid | backslidden/backslid |
| be | was/were | been |
| bear | bore | borne |
| beat | beat | beaten/beat |
| become | became | become |
| befall | befell | befallen |
| begin | began | begun |
| behold | beheld | beheld |
| bend | bent | bent |
| beset | beset | beset |
| bespeak | bespoke | bespoken |
| bet | bet/betted | bet/betted |
| bid | bid | bid |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten/browbeat |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned |
| burst | burst | burst |
| bust | busted/bust | busted/bust |
| buy | bought | bought |
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| chide | chid/chided | chid/chidden/chided |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cleave | clove/cleft/cleaved | cloven/cleft/cleaved |
| cleave | clave | cleaved |
| cling | clung | clung |
| clothe | clothed/clad | clothed/clad |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| crossbreed | crossbred | crossbred |
| crow | crew/crewed | crowed |
| cut | cut | cut |
| daydream | daydreamed daydreamt |
daydreamed daydreamt |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| disprove | disproved | disproved/disproven |
| dive | dove/dived | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| dwell | dwelt | dwelt |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fit | fitted/fit | fitted/fit |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbear | forbore | forborne |
| forbid | forbade/forbad | forbidden |
| forecast | forecast/forecasted | forecast/forecasted |
| forego (also forgo) | forewent | foregone |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen |
| foretell | foretold | foretold |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| frostbite | frostbit | frostbitten |
| get | got | got/gotten |
| gild | gilt/gilded | gilt/gilded |
| gird | girt/girded | girt/girded |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hand-feed | hand-fed | hand-fed |
| handwrite | handwrote | handwritten |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| heave | hove/heaved | hove/heaved |
| hew | hewed | hewn/hewed |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| inbreed | inbred | inbred |
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid |
| input | input | input |
| inset | inset | inset |
| interbreed | interbred | interbred |
| interweave | interwove interweaved |
interwoven interweaved |
| interwind | interwound | interwound |
| jerry-build | jerry-built | jerry-built |
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled |
| knit | knit/knitted | knit/knitted |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| lean | leaned/leant | leaned/leant |
| leap | leapt /leaped | leapt /leaped |
| learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted |
| lip-read | lip-read | lip-read |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| miscast | miscast | miscast |
| misdeal | misdealt | misdealt |
| misdo | misdid | misdone |
| mishear | misheard | misheard |
| mislay | mislaid | mislaid |
| mislead | misled | misled |
| mislearn | mislearned mislearnt |
mislearned mislearnt |
| misread | misread | misread |
| misset | misset | misset |
| misspeak | misspoke | misspoken |
| misspell | misspelt | misspelt |
| misspend | misspent | misspent |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| misteach | mistaught | mistaught |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood |
| miswrite | miswrote | miswritten |
| mow | mowed | mown/mowed |
| offset | offset | offset |
| outbid | outbid | outbid |
| outbreed | outbred | outbred |
| outdo | outdid | outdone |
| outdraw | outdrew | outdrawn |
| outdrink | outdrank | outdrunk |
| outdrive | outdrove | outdriven |
| outfight | outfought | outfought |
| outfly | outflew | outflown |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown |
| outleap | outleaped/outleapt | outleaped/outleapt |
| outlie | outlied | outlied |
| output | output | output |
| outride | outrode | outridden |
| outrun | outran | outrun |
| outsell | outsold | outsold |
| outshine | outshined/outshone | outshined/outshone |
| outshoot | outshot | outshot |
| outsing | outsang | outsung |
| outsit | outsat | outsat |
| outsleep | outslept | outslept |
| outsmell | outsmelled/outsmelt | outsmelled/outsmelt |
| outspeak | outspoke | outspoken |
| outspeed | outsped | outsped |
| outspend | outspent | outspent |
| outswear | outswore | outsworn |
| outswim | outswam | outswum |
| outthink | outthought | outthought |
| outthrow | outthrew | outthrown |
| outwrite | outwrote | outwritten |
| overbid | overbid | overbid |
| overbreed | overbred | overbred |
| overbuild | overbuilt | overbuilt |
| overbuy | overbought | overbought |
| overcome | overcame | overcome |
| overdo | overdid | overdone |
| overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn |
| overdrink | overdrank | overdrunk |
| overeat | overate | overeaten |
| overfeed | overfed | overfed |
| overfly | overflew | overflown |
| overhang | overhung | overhung |
| overhear | overheard | overheard |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid |
| override | overrode | overridden |
| overrun | overran | overrun |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen |
| oversell | oversold | oversold |
| oversew | oversewed | oversewn/oversewed |
| overshoot | overshot | overshot |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept |
| overspeak | overspoke | overspoken |
| overspend | overspent | overspent |
| overspill | overspilled/overspilt | overspilled/overspilt |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken |
| overthink | overthought | overthought |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown |
| overwind | overwound | overwound |
| overwrite | overwrote | overwritten |
| partake | partook | partaken |
| pay | paid | paid |
| plead | pleaded/pled | pleaded/pled |
| prebuild | prebuilt | prebuilt |
| premake | premade | premade |
| prepay | prepaid | prepaid |
| presell | presold | presold |
| preset | preset | preset |
| preshrink | preshrank | preshrunk |
| proofread | proofread | proofread |
| prove | proved | proven/proved |
| put | put | put |
| quick-freeze | quick-froze | quick-frozen |
| quit | quit/quitted | quit/quitted |
| read | read | read |
| reawake | reawoke | reawaken |
| rebid | rebid | rebid |
| rebind | rebound | rebound |
| rebroadcast | rebroadcast rebroadcasted |
rebroadcast rebroadcasted |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt |
| recast | recast | recast |
| recut | recut | recut |
| redeal | redealt | redealt |
| redo | redid | redone |
| redraw | redrew | redrawn |
| refit | refitted/refit | refitted/refit |
| regrind | reground | reground |
| regrow | regrew | regrown |
| rehang | rehung | rehung |
| rehear | reheard | reheard |
| reknit | reknitted/reknit | reknitted/reknit |
| relay | relaid | relaid |
| relearn | relearned/relearnt | relearned/relearnt |
| relight | relit/relighted | relit/relighted |
| remake | remade | remade |
| rend | rent | rent |
| repay | repaid | repaid |
| reread | reread | reread |
| rerun | reran | rerun |
| resell | resold | resold |
| resend | resent | resent |
| reset | reset | reset |
| resew | resewed | resewn/resewed |
| retake | retook | retaken |
| reteach | retaught | retaught |
| retear | retore | retorn |
| retell | retold | retold |
| rethink | rethought | rethought |
| retread | retread | retread |
| retrofit | retrofitted/retrofit | retrofitted/retrofit |
| rewake | rewoke/rewaked | rewaken/rewaked |
| rewear | rewore | reworn |
| reweave | rewove/reweaved | rewoven/reweaved |
| rewed | rewed/rewedded | rewed/rewedded |
| rewet | rewet/rewetted | rewet/rewetted |
| rewin | rewon | rewon |
| rewind | rewound | rewound |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten |
| rid | rid | rid |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| roughcast | roughcast | roughcast |
| run | ran | run |
| sand-cast | sand-cast | sand-cast |
| saw | sawed | sawn |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shave | shaved | shaved/shaven |
| shear | sheared | shorn |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shone | shone |
| shit | shit/shat/shitted | shit/shat/shitted |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show | showed | shown/showed |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sight-read | sight-read | sight-read |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay | slew | slain |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slunk | slunk |
| slit | slit | slit |
| smell | smelt | smelt |
| smite | smote | smitten |
| sneak | sneaked/snuck | sneaked/snuck |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped/speeded | sped/speeded |
| spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spill | spilt/spilled | spilt/spilled |
| spin | spun/span | spun |
| spoil | spoilt/spoiled | spoilt/spoiled |
| spread | spread | spread |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stunk/stank | stunk |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike | struck | struck |
| string | strung | strung |
| sunburn | sunburned/sunburnt | sunburned/sunburnt |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweat | sweat/sweated | sweat/sweated |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swollen/swelled |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| telecast | telecast | telecast |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| tread | trod | trodden/trod |
| typewrite | typewrote | typewritten |
| unbend | unbent | unbent |
| unbind | unbound | unbound |
| unclothe | unclothed/unclad | unclothed/unclad |
| undercut | undercut | undercut |
| underfeed | underfed | underfed |
| undergo | underwent | undergone |
| underlie | underlay | underlain |
| understand | understood | understood |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken |
| underwrite | underwrote | underwritten |
| undo | undid | undone |
| unfreeze | unfroze | unfrozen |
| unhang | unhung | unhung |
| unhide | unhid | unhidden |
| unlearn | unlearned/unlearnt | unlearned/unlearnt |
| unspin | unspun | unspun |
| unwind | unwound | unwound |
| uphold | upheld | upheld |
| upset | upset | upset |
| wake | woke/waked | woken/waked |
| wear | wore | worn |
| wed | wed/wedded | wed/wedded |
| weep | wept | wept |
| wet | wet/wetted | wet/wetted |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
| withhold | withheld | withheld |
| withstand | withstood | withstood |
| work | worked | worked |
| wring | wrung | wrung |
| write | wrote | written |
Post Views: 4,215
Таблица неправильных глаголов
В английском языке глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные. Неправильные глаголы — это такие глаголы, у которых форма прошедшего времени ( Past tense form ), а также форма причастия прошедшего времени ( Past participle ) образуется не так, как у правильных глаголов. Правильные глаголы образуют эти формы путём прибавления –ed к первой форме. Подробнее про глаголы.
Нет общего правила для неправильных глаголов. Их нужно просто выучить.
| Base form | Past simple | Past participle | Перевод |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | |||
| arise | arose | arisen | возникать, появляться |
| awake | awakened / awoke | awakened / awoken | будить, проснуться |
| B | |||
| backslide | backslid | backslidden / backslid | отказываться от прежних убеждений |
| be | was, were | been | быть |
| bear | bore | born / borne | родить |
| beat | beat | beaten / beat | бить |
| become | became | become | становиться, делаться |
| begin | began | begun | начинать |
| bend | bent | bent | сгибать, гнуть |
| bet | bet / betted | bet / betted | держать пари |
| bind | bound | bound | связать |
| bite | bit | bitten | кусать |
| bleed | bled | bled | кровоточить |
| blow | blew | blown | дуть |
| break | broke | broken | ломать |
| breed | bred | bred | выращивать |
| bring | brought | brought | приносить |
| broadcast | broadcast / broadcasted | broadcast / broadcasted | распространять, разбрасывать |
| browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten / browbeat | запугивать |
| build | built | built | строить |
| burn | burned / burnt | burned / burnt | гореть, жечь |
| burst | burst | burst | взрываться, прорываться |
| bust | busted / bust | busted / bust | разжаловать |
| buy | bought | bought | покупать |
| C | |||
| can | could | could | мочь, уметь |
| cast | cast | cast | бросить, кинуть, вышвырнуть |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить, хватать, успеть |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
| cling | clung | clung | цепляться, льнуть |
| clothe | clothed / clad | clothed / clad | одевать (кого-либо) |
| come | came | come | приходить |
| cost | cost | cost | стоить, обходиться (в какую-либо сумму) |
| creep | crept | crept | ползать |
| cut | cut | cut | резать, разрезать |
| D | |||
| deal | dealt | dealt | иметь дело |
| dig | dug | dug | копать |
| dive | dove / dived | dived | нырять, погружаться |
| do | did | done | делать, выполнять |
| draw | drew | drawn | рисовать, чертить |
| dream | dreamed / dreamt | dreamed / dreamt | грезить, мечтать |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить |
| drive | drove | driven | управлять (авто) |
| dwell | dwelt / dwelled | dwelt / dwelled | обитать, находиться |
| E | |||
| eat | ate | eaten | есть, кушать |
| F | |||
| fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| feed | fed | fed | кормить |
| feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
| fight | fought | fought | драться, сражаться, бороться |
| find | found | found | находить |
| fit | fit | fit | подходить по размеру |
| flee | fled | fled | убегать, спасаться |
| fling | flung | flung | бросаться, ринуться |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | запрещать |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | предсказывать, предвосхищать |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | предвидеть |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | предсказывать, прогнозировать |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | прощать |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | покидать |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзать |
| G | |||
| get | got | gotten / got | получать, достигать |
| give | gave | given | давать |
| go | went | gone | идти, ехать |
| grind | ground | ground | молоть, толочь |
| grow | grew | grown | расти |
| H | |||
| hang | hung / hanged | hung / hanged | вешать, развешивать |
| have, has | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| hew | hewed | hewn / hewed | рубить |
| hide | hid | hidden | прятаться, скрываться |
| hit | hit | hit | ударять, поражать |
| hold | held | held | держать, удерживать, фиксировать |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | ранить, причинить боль |
| I | |||
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid | вкладывать, вставлять, выстилать |
| input | input / inputted | input / inputted | входить |
| interweave | interwove | interwoven | воткать |
| K | |||
| keep | kept | kept | держать, хранить |
| kneel | knelt / kneeled | knelt / kneeled | становиться на колени |
| knit | knitted / knit | knitted / knit | вязать |
| know | knew | known | знать, иметь представление (о чем-либо) |
| L | |||
| lay | laid | laid | класть, положить |
| lead | led | led | вести, руководить, управлять |
| lean | leaned / leant | leaned / leant | опираться, прислоняться |
| leap | leaped / leapt | leaped / leapt | прыгать, скакать |
| learn | learnt / learned | learnt / learned | учить |
| leave | left | left | покидать, оставлять |
| lend | lent | lent | одалживать, давать взаймы |
| let | let | let | позволять, предполагать |
| lie | lay | lain | лежать |
| light | lit / lighted | lit / lighted | освещать |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| M | |||
| make | made | made | делать, производить, создавать |
| may | might | might | мочь, иметь возможность |
| mean | meant | meant | значить, иметь ввиду |
| meet | met | met | встречать |
| miscast | miscast | miscast | неправильно распределять роли |
| misdeal | misdealt | misdealt | поступать неправильно |
| misdo | misdid | misdone | делать что-либо неправильно или небрежно |
| misgive | misgave | misgiven | внушать недоверия, опасения |
| mishear | misheard | misheard | ослышаться |
| mishit | mishit | mishit | промахнуться |
| mislay | mislaid | mislaid | класть не на место |
| mislead | misled | misled | ввести в заблуждение |
| misread | misread | misread | неправильно истолковывать |
| misspell | misspelled / misspelt | misspelled / misspelt | писать с ошибками |
| misspend | misspent | misspent | неразумно, зря тратить |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | ошибаться |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | неправильно понимать |
| mow | mowed | mowed / mown | косить |
| O | |||
| offset | offset | offset | возмещать, вознаграждать, компенсировать |
| outbid | outbid | outbid | перебивать цену |
| outdo | outdid | outdone | превосходить |
| outfight | outfought | outfought | побеждать в бою |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown | вырастать из |
| output | output / outputted | output / outputted | выходить |
| outrun | outran | outrun | перегонять, опережать |
| outsell | outsold | outsold | продавать лучше или дороже |
| outshine | outshone | outshone | затмевать |
| overbid | overbid | overbid | повелевать |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | компенсировать |
| overdo | overdid | overdone | пережари(ва)ть |
| overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn | превышать |
| overeat | overate | overeaten | объедаться |
| overfly | overflew | overflown | перелетать |
| overhang | overhung | overhung | нависать |
| overhear | overheard | overheard | подслуш(ив)ать |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid | покры(ва)ть |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid | переплачивать |
| override | overrode | overridden | отменять, аннулировать |
| overrun | overran | overrun | переливаться через край |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen | надзирать за |
| overshoot | overshot | overshot | расстрелять |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept | проспать, заспаться |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken | догонять |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown | свергать |
| P | |||
| partake | partook | partaken | принимать участие |
| pay | paid | paid | платить |
| plead | pleaded / pled | pleaded / pled | обращаться к суду |
| prepay | prepaid | prepaid | платить вперед |
| prove | proved | proven / proved | доказывать |
| put | put | put | класть, ставить, размещать |
| Q | |||
| quit | quit / quitted | quit / quitted | выходить, покидать, оставлять |
| R | |||
| read | read | read | читать |
| rebind | rebound | rebound | перевязывать |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | перестроить |
| recast | recast | recast | изменять, перестраивать |
| redo | redid | redone | делать вновь, переделывать |
| rehear | reheard | reheard | слушать вторично |
| remake | remade | remade | переделывать |
| rend | rent | rent | раздирать |
| repay | repaid | repaid | отдавать долг |
| rerun | reran | rerun | выполнять повторно |
| resell | resold | resold | перепродавать |
| reset | reset | reset | возвращать |
| resit | resat | resat | пересиживать |
| retake | retook | retaken | забирать |
| retell | retold | retold | пересказывать |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | перезаписать |
| rid | rid | rid | избавлять |
| ride | rode | ridden | ездить верхом |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить |
| rise | rose | risen | подняться |
| run | ran | run | бегать |
| S | |||
| saw | sawed | sawed / sawn | пилить |
| say | said | said | сказать, заявить |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| seek | sought | sought | искать |
| sell | sold | sold | продавать |
| send | sent | sent | посылать |
| set | set | set | ставить, устанавливать |
| sew | sewed | sewn / sewed | шить |
| shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
| shave | shaved | shaved / shaven | бриться |
| shear | sheared | sheared / shorn | стричь |
| shed | shed | shed | проливать |
| shine | shined / shone | shined / shone | светить, сиять, озарять |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять, давать побеги |
| show | showed | shown / showed | показывать |
| shrink | shrank / shrunk | shrunk | сокращаться, сжиматься |
| shut | shut | shut | закрывать, запирать, затворять |
| sing | sang | sung | петь |
| sink | sank / sunk | sunk | тонуть, погружаться (под воду) |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| slay | slew / slayed | slain / slayed | убивать |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| slide | slid | slid | скользить |
| sling | slung | slung | бросать, швырять |
| slink | slunk | slunk | красться, идти крадучись |
| slit | slit | slit | разрезать, рвать в длину |
| smell | smelled / smelt | smelled / smelt | пахнуть, нюхать |
| sow | sowed | sown / sowed | сеять |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
| speed | sped / speeded | sped / speeded | ускорять, спешить |
| spell | spelled / spelt | spelled / spelt | писать или читать по буквам |
| spend | spent | spent | тратить, расходовать |
| spill | spilled / spilt | spilled / spilt | проливать, разливать |
| spin | spun | spun | прясть |
| spit | spit / spat | spit / spat | плевать |
| split | split | split | расщеплять |
| spoil | spoiled / spoilt | spoiled / spoilt | портить |
| spread | spread | spread | распространиться |
| spring | sprang / sprung | sprung | вскочить, возникнуть |
| stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| steal | stole | stolen | воровать, красть |
| stick | stuck | stuck | уколоть, приклеить |
| sting | stung | stung | жалить |
| stink | stunk / stank | stunk | вонять |
| strew | strewed | strewn / strewed | усеять, устлать |
| stride | strode | stridden | шагать, наносить удар |
| strike | struck | struck | ударить, бить, бастовать |
| string | strung | strung | нанизать, натянуть |
| strive | strove / strived | striven / strived | стараться |
| sublet | sublet | sublet | передавать в субаренду |
| swear | swore | sworn | клясться, присягать |
| sweep | swept | swept | мести, подметать, сметать |
| swell | swelled | swollen / swelled | разбухать |
| swim | swam | swum | плавать, плыть |
| swing | swung | swung | качать, раскачивать, вертеть |
| T | |||
| take | took | taken | брать, взять |
| teach | taught | taught | учить, обучать |
| tear | tore | torn | рвать |
| tell | told | told | рассказать |
| think | thought | thought | думать |
| throw | threw | thrown | бросить |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | колоть, пронзать |
| tread | trod | trodden / trod | ступать |
| U | |||
| unbend | unbent | unbent | выпрямляться, разгибаться |
| underbid | underbid | underbid | снижать цену |
| undercut | undercut | undercut | сбивать цены |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | испытывать, переносить |
| underlie | underlay | underlain | лежать в основе |
| underpay | underpaid | underpaid | оплачивать слишком низко |
| undersell | undersold | undersold | продавать дешевле |
| understand | understood | understood | понимать, постигать |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | предпринять |
| underwrite | underwrote | underwritten | подписываться |
| undo | undid | undone | уничтожать сделанное |
| unfreeze | unfroze | unfrozen | размораживать |
| unsay | unsaid | unsaid | брать назад свои слова |
| unwind | unwound | unwound | развертывать |
| uphold | upheld | upheld | поддерживать |
| upset | upset | upset | опрокинуться |
| W | |||
| wake | woke / waked | woken / waked | просыпаться |
| waylay | waylaid | waylaid | подстерегать |
| wear | wore | worn | носить (одежду) |
| weave | wove / weaved | woven / weaved | ткать |
| wed | wed / wedded | wed / wedded | жениться, выдавать замуж |
| weep | wept | wept | плакать, рыдать |
| wet | wet / wetted | wet / wetted | мочить, увлажнять |
| win | won | won | победить, выиграть |
| wind | wound | wound | заводить (механизм) |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | взять назад, отозвать |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | воздерживаться, отказывать |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | противостоять |
| wring | wrung | wrung | скрутить, сжимать |
| write | wrote | written | писать |
It’s important to distinguish between past and present tense in your writing so that your reader understands what is happening now versus what happened days, months, or moments before. It can be tricky, though, to remember how to do so correctly with irregular verbs.
The past tense of “run” is “ran.” In the English language, verbs can be either regular or irregular. While many regular verbs can be changed from present to past tense simply by adding the suffix “ed,” the verb “run” is different. For irregular verbs like “run,” the spelling of the word changes entirely.
Read more to learn about the differences between regular and irregular verbs and how they are changed from present to past tense.
Irregular Verbs vs. Regular Verbs
In addition to there being three categories or types of verbs, each performing a specific function in your sentence, there are also both regular and irregular verbs.
Regular verbs are the easiest to change from present tense to past tense — you simply need to add the suffix -ed to the base form of the verb. Below are a few examples of base verbs that are regular.
| Base Verb | Past Tense |
|---|---|
| – Play | – Played |
| – Call | – Called |
| – Smile | – Smiled |
| – Kick | – Kicked |
However, when regular verbs end in a consonant followed by a “y,” the base form of the verb will also change in spelling, like these:
| Base Verb | Past Tense |
|---|---|
| – Marry | – Married |
| – Study | – Studied |
| – Cry | – Cried |
Base verbs that end in a consonant followed by a “y” require you to change the “y” to an “i” before adding your -ed suffix.
Irregular verbs, however, are not as simple. There are about 200 or so in the English language, and while you certainly do not need to memorize them, as you become more familiar, it’ll become easier to spot them.
Irregular verbs do not follow the normal patterns and rules, and you cannot change an irregular verb from present to past tense by adding -ed (source). Both the simple past and past participle forms are often spelled differently.
Don’t get too caught up in the differences between simple past and past participles, but you should understand the nuances in each. Simple past refers to something that has happened in the past and has been completed independent of other events (source).
Here are a couple of examples:
1. Yesterday, I ate yogurt for breakfast.
2. I went to the store to buy groceries.
The verbs above are irregular because the base verb form is different from its past tense form. In sentence number one, the base verb is “eat,” and the simple past form is “ate.”
Similarly, in sentence number two, the base form of the verb is “go,” while the simple past form is “went.” In these cases, the word changes entirely rather than adding an -ed suffix.
Past participles are a little bit different in that they are usually combined with a helping verb and show that some action has been completed before another event or prior to the present.
Here is an example: Yesterday, I had eaten yogurt for breakfast before I left for work.
You can see that the helping verb (had) is added before the irregular verb “eaten.” Because the verb phrase “had eaten” refers to something that has been completed prior to another event (leaving for work), it is a past participle verb form.
Four Categories of Irregular Verbs in Past Tense
When we want to show that something has happened in the past, either past simple or past participle, an irregular verb will essentially fall into one of four main categories.
Again, do not feel that you need to memorize each of these categories, but they will help you to recognize patterns as you become more familiar with spelling changes and verb nuances.
Category One: Verbs that have the same base form, past simple, and past participle forms.
These verbs are spelled the same and sound the same in each form. Below are some examples:
| Base Verb | Past Simple and Past Participle |
|---|---|
| – Cut | – Cut/Cut |
| – Let | – Let/Let |
| – Hurt | – Hurt/Hurt |
| – Set | – Set/Set |
Category Two: Verbs that have a different base form but the same past simple and past participle forms.
These verbs have the same form in both past simple and past participle, but the base form of the verb is spelled and pronounced differently.
| Base Verb | Past Simple and Past Participle |
|---|---|
| – Leave | – Left/Left |
| – Feel | – Felt/Felt |
| – Think | – Thought/Thought |
| – Say | – Said/Said |
Here are a couple of example sentences:
1. I leave work every day at five o’clock.
2. I left work yesterday at five o’clock
3. I had left work at five o’clock, and then I went home and made dinner.
The first sentence uses the base form of the verb, “leave” in present tense. The second sentence uses the same verb in the past simple.
The third sentence uses the past participle form in conjunction with the helping verb to show that the noun (I) had left work (past participle) before another event occurring (making dinner).
Category Three: Verbs that have the same base form and the same past participle form, but a different past simple form.
The third category is where we find the verb “run.” In this category, we see verbs with the same base form and same past participle form but a different past simple form. We’ll take a closer look at the verb “run” here.
The base verb, “run,” changes to “ran” in past simple and back to “run” in the past participle form.
| Base Verb Run | Past Simple Ran | Past Participle Run |
|---|---|---|
| I love to run. I run every day. | I ran to the store an hour ago.I ran yesterday for thirty minutes. | I had run to the store yesterday before picking up my sister. I have run for many years as a way to get exercise. |
The key here is recognizing that run will always change to “ran” when used in past tense form unless you want to show that one event has occurred prior to another, as seen in the chart above.
An additional verb that falls into this category is “come.” Look at the sentences below:
– I will come home after school.
– I came home after school.
– I had come home after school before going to my afterschool job.
The simple past tense form of “come” is “came.” The past participle form is the same as the base verb form, but there is a helping verb (had) before it to indicate that it happened in the past, prior to another event (the person’s afterschool job).
The easiest way to figure out which form you want to use is to think about when the action is happening and whether it is happening in relation to another event.
Additionally, you will find that past participle forms of verbs always appear in conjunction with a helping verb — see the list at the beginning of this article for more helping verb examples.
Category Four: Verbs with a different base from, different past simple, and different past participle form.
In some ways, category four is the easiest category because all three forms of the verb are different. These verbs are each spelled differently depending on how they are used. Look at a few more examples below:
| Base Verb | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| – Go | – Went | – Gone |
| – Know | – Knew | – Known |
| – Fall | – Fell | – Fallen |
| – Eat | – Ate | – Eaten |
| – Drink | – Drank | – Drunk |
| – Drive | – Drove | – Driven |
Here are a few example sentences:
1. I go to school every day. (present tense)
2. I went to school yesterday. (past tense)
3. I have gone to school every day this week. (past participle)
Again, with the past participle form, you see the helping verb “have” is before the past tense of the verb, “go.”
These verbs can be pretty confusing, but don’t let yourself get overwhelmed! You’ll be surprised how quickly you get the hang of it and start remembering which verbs fall under what category.
In the meantime, remember these tips and tricks to keep you organized as you learn.
| Tips and Trick to Understanding Irregular Verbs |
|---|
| 1. Most regular verbs require an -ed suffix to show that an action has happened in the past. 2. If a regular verb ends in a consonant followed by a “y,” first change the “y” to an “i” before you add your -ed ending. 3. Irregular verbs cannot be changed to past tense with an -ed ending, such as when “run” becomes “ran” in the past tense. 4. A past simple verb shows that something has happened in the past independent of another event or the present. 5. A past participle verb shows that something has happened in the past before another event has occurred or before the present time and is used in conjunction with a helping verb. |
Try to also remember the four categories of irregular verbs. Doing so will help you as you organize the different spellings of verbs that fall into each category.
When it comes to the verb “run,” remember that it falls into category three, making the present tense and past participle the same, while the simple past is different (ran).
Understanding Types of Verbs
Verbs play an important role — without them, you won’t have a sentence at all. Instead, you’ll end up with a fragment or incomplete sentence that may confuse your reader.
Remember that all sentences need both a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb). In this way, you can correctly communicate what is happening, when, and how.
The proper definition of a verb is that it is a word that shows an action or a state of being (source). Some verbs are easy to spot since they are physical actions, such as run, play, jump, kick, speak, or sit.
Others can be trickier because they do not show a specific action — these verbs are called linking verbs or helping verbs.
Below is a simple chart with a few examples illustrating the differences between the three main types of verbs.
| Action Verbs | Linking Verbs | Helping Verbs |
|---|---|---|
| These verbs show physical or mental action. | These verbs connect or link the subject of a sentence to what follows. They are often a form of “to be.” | These verbs come before action or linking verbs and act as “helpers.” |
| 1. Run 2. Eat 3. Read 4. Wonder 5. Laugh 6. Kick 7. Whisper 8. Dance 9. Hit 10. Throw |
1. Am/Am Being 2. Is/Is Being 3. Are/Are Being 4. Was/Were 5. Has/Have Been 6. Could/Could Be 7. Should/Should Be 8. Will be or Will Have 9. Might/Might Be 10. Shall/Shall Be |
1. Can 2. Will 3. Must 4. May 5. Could 6. Should 7. Might 8. Had 9. Have 10. Shall |
Linking verbs and helping verbs can sometimes overlap. We won’t get into too much detail about that here since our main focus is on understanding past and present tense verbs, but it’s pretty easy to do a quick check to determine if your verb is a linking or helping verb.
To test, look to see if there is an action verb following the “to be” verb. If there is an action verb immediately following, then what you have is a helping verb (source).
If there is no action verb following but, rather, it stands alone, it is a linking verb. Take a look at the examples below:
1. Tommy was reading his book in his room.
2. Tommy was alone.
In the first sentence, the verb “was” is followed by an action, “reading.” Therefore, in this sentence, “was” is a helping verb.
Conversely, in the second sentence, “was” is not followed by a physical action but rather a state of being. Therefore, “was,” in this instance, is a linking verb.
To read and understand more about linking verbs and helping verbs, specifically with present and past tense, you can read “Have Run or Had Run: When to Use the Proper Past Tense.”
Final Thoughts
Verbs can be tricky — there’s no doubt about it. But your sentences would be incomplete without them, so they are a vital component to making sure your message is clear and comprehensible to your reader.
Remember that irregular verbs like “run” often require a change in spelling to show the past tense form. Keep practicing with each new verb you learn, and you will find that you are memorizing them more quickly than you may realize!
If you need helping with adding style to your writing or keeping track of some of these rules, be sure to check out both The Oxford New Essential Dictionary and Dryer’s English style guide on Amazon. They are both great tools to have on hand as you continue to learn.