Pandas excel xlsx file not supported

Problem

You are have xlrd installed on your cluster and are attempting to read files in the Excel .xlsx format when you get an error.

XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported

Cause

xlrd 2.0.0 and above can only read .xls files.

Support for .xlsx files was removed from xlrd due to a potential security vulnerability.

Solution

Use openpyxl to open .xlsx files instead of xlrd.

  1. Install the openpyxl library on your cluster (AWS | Azure | GCP).
  2. Confirm that you are using pandasversion 1.0.1 or above. 
    %python

import pandas as pd
print(pd.__version__)
  3. Specify openpyxl when reading .xlsx files with pandas. 
    %python

import pandas
df = pandas.read_excel(`<name-of-file>.xlsx`, engine=`openpyxl`)

Refer to the openpyxl documentation for more information.

Источник

Pandas provide methods to read different file formats using a single line of code. When reading an xlsx file, rd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported error might occur.

You can solve xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported Error by updating the Pandas library version to the latest version.

Now let us see the reason for this error and how to solve it.

Reason For the Error

The Pandas cannot open an Excel (.xlsx) file when you use the read_excel() method available in the Pandas library version earlier than V1.2.0.

Because the versions older than 1.2.0 internally uses the xlrd library to read the excel files. The xlrd library supports ONLY reading the .xls files. It doesn’t support reading the .xlsx or .xlsm files any longer.

Hence, you need to use a different approach to solve this problem.

Solution 1 — Upgrading Pandas To the Latest Version

You can solve the xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported error by upgrading the Pandas version to the latest version.

By default, the latest version uses the openpyxl library. This library supports reading the .xlsx file and .xlsm files.

To know the current Pandas library version, use the below snippet.

Code

pd.__version__

Output

    '1.1.2'

You can upgrade the Pandas library to the latest version using the below statement.

Code

%pip install --upgrade pandas

Prefixing the % in PIP lets you update the packages directly from Jupyter.

Output

Successfully installed pandas-1.4.2
    Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

The Pandas library is upgraded to the latest version, and also the dependent libraries are updated.

With the latest library, you can use the read_excel() method directly to read the excel files.

Use the code below to read the xlsx file or xlsm file.

Code

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_excel(
     "sample.xlsx”
)

The file will be read, and the dataframe will be populated. You can print the dataframe to see the values in the excel file.

Code

df

Dataframe Will Look Like

Column 0 Column 1 Column 2
0 NaN NaN NaN
1 NaN NaN NaN
2 NaN NaN NaN
3 NaN NaN NaN

This is how you need to solve the xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported Error.

Solution 2 — Using Openpyxl Engine

You can use the openpyxl engine to read the xlsx file.

This is an alternate way to solve the 8xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported* Error.

If you do not want to upgrade the Pandas library to the latest version, you shall use this solution. However, it is always recommended to use the latest library versions to avoid security threats to your application.

Install the openpyxl library using the below snippet.

Code

%pip install openpyxl

Prefixing the % in PIP lets you install the packages directly from Jupyter.

Output

Successfully installed openpyxl v3.0.9
    Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

Now, specify the openpyxl engine in the pandas read_excel() method to read the xlsx file or an xlsm file.

The code below demonstrates how to specify the openpyxl engine in the read_excel() method.

Code

df = pd.read_excel(
     "sample.xlsm",
     engine='openpyxl')

The file will be read successfully, and you can print the dataframe to see the values.

df

Conclusion

Pandas cannot open an Excel (.xlsx) file using the read_excel() method when you’re using the Pandas version earlier than V1.2.0.

You’ve learned how to solve the xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported error by updating the pandas library or using the alternate engine openpyxl.

It is also recommended to update the libraries to the latest versions to avoid any security threats to your application.

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Источник

Problem:

When trying to read an .xlsx file using pandas pd.read_excel() you see this error message:

XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported

Solution:

The xlrd library only supports .xls files, not .xlsx files. In order to make pandas able to read .xlsx files, install openpyxl:

sudo pip3 install openpyxl

After that, retry running your script (if you are running a Jupyter Notebook, be sure to restart the notebook to reload pandas!).

If the error still persists, you have two choices:

Choice 1 (preferred): Update pandas

Pandas 1.1.3 doesn’t automatically select the correct XLSX reader engine, but pandas 1.3.1 does:

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pandas

If you are running a Jupyter Notebook, be sure to restart the notebook to load the updated pandas version!

Choice 2: Explicitly set the engine in pd.read_excel()

Add engine='openpyxl' to your pd.read_excel() command, for example:

pd.read_excel('my.xlsx', engine='openpyxl')

Источник

@keiv-fly you would have to open with a reproducible example and version info

A reproducible example with the latest stable pandas and xlrd:

import pandas as pd
pd.read_excel("file.xlsx")

file.xlsx is a new completely empty excel sheet.

Error:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
XLRDError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-4c247bba163b> in <module>
      1 import pandas as pd
----> 2 pd.read_excel("file.xlsx")

~anaconda3envspy38libsite-packagespandasutil_decorators.py in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
    294                 )
    295                 warnings.warn(msg, FutureWarning, stacklevel=stacklevel)
--> 296             return func(*args, **kwargs)
    297 
    298         return wrapper

~anaconda3envspy38libsite-packagespandasioexcel_base.py in read_excel(io, sheet_name, header, names, index_col, usecols, squeeze, dtype, engine, converters, true_values, false_values, skiprows, nrows, na_values, keep_default_na, na_filter, verbose, parse_dates, date_parser, thousands, comment, skipfooter, convert_float, mangle_dupe_cols)
    302 
    303     if not isinstance(io, ExcelFile):
--> 304         io = ExcelFile(io, engine=engine)
    305     elif engine and engine != io.engine:
    306         raise ValueError(

~anaconda3envspy38libsite-packagespandasioexcel_base.py in __init__(self, path_or_buffer, engine)
    865         self._io = stringify_path(path_or_buffer)
    866 
--> 867         self._reader = self._engines[engine](self._io)
    868 
    869     def __fspath__(self):

~anaconda3envspy38libsite-packagespandasioexcel_xlrd.py in __init__(self, filepath_or_buffer)
     20         err_msg = "Install xlrd >= 1.0.0 for Excel support"
     21         import_optional_dependency("xlrd", extra=err_msg)
---> 22         super().__init__(filepath_or_buffer)
     23 
     24     @property

~anaconda3envspy38libsite-packagespandasioexcel_base.py in __init__(self, filepath_or_buffer)
    351             self.book = self.load_workbook(filepath_or_buffer)
    352         elif isinstance(filepath_or_buffer, str):
--> 353             self.book = self.load_workbook(filepath_or_buffer)
    354         elif isinstance(filepath_or_buffer, bytes):
    355             self.book = self.load_workbook(BytesIO(filepath_or_buffer))

~anaconda3envspy38libsite-packagespandasioexcel_xlrd.py in load_workbook(self, filepath_or_buffer)
     35             return open_workbook(file_contents=data)
     36         else:
---> 37             return open_workbook(filepath_or_buffer)
     38 
     39     @property

~anaconda3envspy38libsite-packagesxlrd__init__.py in open_workbook(filename, logfile, verbosity, use_mmap, file_contents, encoding_override, formatting_info, on_demand, ragged_rows, ignore_workbook_corruption)
    168     # files that xlrd can parse don't start with the expected signature.
    169     if file_format and file_format != 'xls':
--> 170         raise XLRDError(FILE_FORMAT_DESCRIPTIONS[file_format]+'; not supported')
    171 
    172     bk = open_workbook_xls(

XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported

pip freeze:

The most important:

pandas==1.2.0
xlrd==2.0.1 (pip freeze gives a directory, but the version is this one)
openpyxl==3.0.5 (pip freeze gives a directory, but the version is this one)

All output:

alabaster==0.7.12
anaconda-client==1.7.2
anaconda-project==0.8.3
appdirs==1.4.4
argh==0.26.2
argon2-cffi @ file:///C:/ci/argon2-cffi_1596828585465/work
asn1crypto @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/asn1crypto_1596577642040/work
astroid @ file:///C:/ci/astroid_1592487315634/work
astropy @ file:///C:/ci/astropy_1606904903785/work
async-generator==1.10
atomicwrites==1.4.0
attrs @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/attrs_1604765588209/work
autopep8 @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/autopep8_1596578164842/work
Babel @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/babel_1607110387436/work
backcall==0.2.0
backports.shutil-get-terminal-size @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/backports.shutil_get_terminal_size_1608222128777/work
bcrypt @ file:///C:/ci/bcrypt_1597936263757/work
beautifulsoup4 @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/beautifulsoup4_1601924105527/work
bitarray @ file:///C:/ci/bitarray_1605065210072/work
bkcharts==0.2
black==19.10b0
bleach @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/bleach_1600439572647/work
bokeh @ file:///C:/ci/bokeh_1603297934731/work
boto==2.49.0
Bottleneck==1.3.2
brotlipy==0.7.0
certifi==2020.12.5
cffi @ file:///C:/ci/cffi_1606255208697/work
chardet @ file:///C:/ci/chardet_1607690654534/work
click==7.1.2
cloudpickle @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/cloudpickle_1598884132938/work
clyent==1.2.2
colorama @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/colorama_1607707115595/work
comtypes==1.1.8
contextlib2==0.6.0.post1
cryptography @ file:///C:/ci/cryptography_1607637849569/work
cycler==0.10.0
Cython @ file:///C:/ci/cython_1605457704149/work
cytoolz==0.11.0
dask @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/dask-core_1607706933335/work
decorator==4.4.2
defusedxml==0.6.0
diff-match-patch @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/diff-match-patch_1594828741838/work
distributed @ file:///C:/ci/distributed_1607714134337/work
docutils==0.16
entrypoints==0.3
et-xmlfile==1.0.1
fastcache==1.1.0
filelock==3.0.12
flake8 @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/flake8_1601911421857/work
Flask==1.1.2
fsspec @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/fsspec_1602684995936/work
future==0.18.2
gevent @ file:///C:/ci/gevent_1609093188435/work
glob2==0.7
gmpy2==2.0.8
greenlet @ file:///C:/ci/greenlet_1600885448389/work
h5py==2.10.0
HeapDict==1.0.1
html5lib @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/html5lib_1593446221756/work
idna @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/idna_1593446292537/work
imagecodecs @ file:///C:/ci/imagecodecs_1603271628972/work
imageio @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/imageio_1594161405741/work
imagesize==1.2.0
importlib-metadata @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/importlib-metadata_1602276842396/work
iniconfig @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/iniconfig_1602780191262/work
intervaltree @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/intervaltree_1598376443606/work
ipykernel @ file:///C:/ci/ipykernel_1596190155316/work/dist/ipykernel-5.3.4-py3-none-any.whl
ipython @ file:///C:/ci/ipython_1604083276484/work
ipython-genutils @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/ipython_genutils_1606773439826/work
ipywidgets @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/ipywidgets_1608834360725/work
isort @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/isort_1602603989581/work
itsdangerous==1.1.0
jdcal==1.4.1
jedi @ file:///C:/ci/jedi_1606914528444/work
Jinja2==2.11.2
joblib @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/joblib_1607970656719/work
json5==0.9.5
jsonschema @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/jsonschema_1602607155483/work
jupyter==1.0.0
jupyter-client @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/jupyter_client_1601311786391/work
jupyter-console @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/jupyter_console_1598884538475/work
jupyter-core @ file:///C:/ci/jupyter_core_1606149073702/work
jupyterlab==2.2.6
jupyterlab-pygments @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/jupyterlab_pygments_1601490720602/work
jupyterlab-server @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/jupyterlab_server_1594164409481/work
keyring @ file:///C:/ci/keyring_1608756176625/work
kiwisolver @ file:///C:/ci/kiwisolver_1604014703538/work
lazy-object-proxy @ file:///C:/b/work
libarchive-c==2.9
line-profiler==2.1.2
llvmlite==0.34.0
locket==0.2.0
lxml @ file:///C:/ci/lxml_1606498900999/work
MarkupSafe==1.1.1
matplotlib==3.3.3
mccabe==0.6.1
menuinst==1.4.16
mistune==0.8.4
mkl-fft==1.2.0
mkl-random==1.1.1
mkl-service==2.3.0
mock @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/mock_1607622725907/work
more-itertools @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/more-itertools_1605111547926/work
mpmath==1.1.0
msgpack @ file:///C:/ci/msgpack-python_1607965861637/work
multipledispatch==0.6.0
mypy-extensions==0.4.3
nbclient @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/nbclient_1602783176460/work
nbconvert @ file:///C:/ci/nbconvert_1601914925608/work
nbformat @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/nbformat_1602783287752/work
nest-asyncio @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/nest-asyncio_1606153767164/work
networkx @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/networkx_1598376031484/work
nltk @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/nltk_1592496090529/work
nose @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/nose_1606773131901/work
notebook @ file:///C:/ci/notebook_1608817539935/work
numba==0.51.2
numexpr @ file:///C:/ci/numexpr_1607675674463/work
numpy @ file:///C:/ci/numpy_and_numpy_base_1603466732592/work
numpydoc @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/numpydoc_1605117425582/work
olefile==0.46
openpyxl @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/openpyxl_1598113097404/work
packaging @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/packaging_1607971725249/work
pandas==1.2.0
pandocfilters @ file:///C:/ci/pandocfilters_1605102497129/work
paramiko @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/paramiko_1598886428689/work
parso==0.7.0
partd==1.1.0
path @ file:///C:/ci/path_1607537314965/work
pathlib2 @ file:///C:/ci/pathlib2_1607025069150/work
pathspec==0.7.0
pathtools==0.1.2
patsy==0.5.1
pep8==1.7.1
pexpect @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pexpect_1605563209008/work
pickleshare @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pickleshare_1606932040724/work
Pillow @ file:///C:/ci/pillow_1603823068645/work
pkginfo==1.6.1
plotly==4.14.1
pluggy==0.13.1
ply==3.11
prometheus-client @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/prometheus_client_1606344362066/work
prompt-toolkit @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/prompt-toolkit_1602688806899/work
psutil @ file:///C:/ci/psutil_1598370330503/work
ptyprocess @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/ptyprocess_1605560620615/work/dist/ptyprocess-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
py @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/py_1607971587848/work
pyarrow==1.0.1
pycodestyle==2.6.0
pycosat==0.6.3
pycparser @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pycparser_1594388511720/work
pycurl==7.43.0.6
pydocstyle @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pydocstyle_1598885001695/work
pyerfa @ file:///C:/ci/pyerfa_1606860299350/work
pyflakes==2.2.0
Pygments @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pygments_1607368905949/work
pylint @ file:///C:/ci/pylint_1598617153160/work
pyls-black @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pyls-black_1607553132291/work
pyls-spyder @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pyls-spyder_1608134179673/work
PyNaCl @ file:///C:/ci/pynacl_1595000047588/work
pyodbc===4.0.0-unsupported
pyOpenSSL @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pyopenssl_1608057966937/work
pyparsing==2.4.7
pyreadline==2.1
pyrsistent @ file:///C:/ci/pyrsistent_1600141795814/work
PySocks @ file:///C:/ci/pysocks_1605287845585/work
pytest==0.0.0
python-dateutil==2.8.1
python-jsonrpc-server @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/python-jsonrpc-server_1600278539111/work
python-language-server @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/python-language-server_1607972495879/work
pytz @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/pytz_1608922264688/work
PyWavelets @ file:///C:/ci/pywavelets_1601658407916/work
pywin32==227
pywin32-ctypes==0.2.0
pywinpty==0.5.7
PyYAML==5.3.1
pyzmq==20.0.0
QDarkStyle==2.8.1
QtAwesome @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/qtawesome_1602272867890/work
qtconsole @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/qtconsole_1600870028330/work
QtPy==1.9.0
regex @ file:///C:/ci/regex_1606691183008/work
requests @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/requests_1608241421344/work
retrying==1.3.3
rope @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/rope_1602264064449/work
rstcheck==3.3.1
Rtree==0.9.4
ruamel-yaml==0.15.87
scikit-image==0.17.2
scikit-learn @ file:///C:/ci/scikit-learn_1598377018496/work
scipy @ file:///C:/ci/scipy_1604596260408/work
seaborn @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/seaborn_1608578541026/work
selenium==3.141.0
Send2Trash @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/send2trash_1607525499227/work
simplegeneric==0.8.1
singledispatch @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/singledispatch_1602523705405/work
sip==4.19.13
six @ file:///C:/ci/six_1605187374963/work
snowballstemmer==2.0.0
sortedcollections==1.2.1
sortedcontainers @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/sortedcontainers_1606865132123/work
soupsieve @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/soupsieve_1607965878077/work
Sphinx @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/sphinx_1608836605859/work
sphinxcontrib-applehelp==1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-devhelp==1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-jsmath==1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-qthelp==1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.4
sphinxcontrib-websupport @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/sphinxcontrib-websupport_1597081412696/work
spyder @ file:///C:/b/work
spyder-kernels @ file:///C:/ci/spyder-kernels_1608560699887/work
SQLAlchemy @ file:///C:/ci/sqlalchemy_1608243831000/work
statsmodels==0.12.1
sympy @ file:///C:/ci/sympy_1608119646897/work
tables==3.6.1
tblib @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/tblib_1597928476713/work
terminado==0.9.1
testpath==0.4.4
threadpoolctl @ file:///tmp/tmp9twdgx9k/threadpoolctl-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl
three-merge @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/three-merge_1607553261110/work
tifffile @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/tifffile_1607624018440/work
toml @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/toml_1592853716807/work
toolz @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/toolz_1601054250827/work
tornado @ file:///C:/ci/tornado_1606942392901/work
tqdm @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/tqdm_1608922753628/work
traitlets @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/traitlets_1602787416690/work
typed-ast==1.4.1
typing-extensions @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/typing_extensions_1598376058250/work
ujson @ file:///C:/ci/ujson_1602505266082/work
unicodecsv==0.14.1
urllib3 @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/urllib3_1606938623459/work
watchdog @ file:///C:/ci/watchdog_1606939226617/work
wcwidth @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/wcwidth_1593447189090/work
webencodings==0.5.1
Werkzeug==1.0.1
widgetsnbextension==3.5.1
win-inet-pton @ file:///C:/ci/win_inet_pton_1605306167264/work
win-unicode-console==0.5
wincertstore==0.2
wrapt==1.11.2
xlrd @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/xlrd_1608072521494/work
XlsxWriter @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/xlsxwriter_1602692860603/work
xlwings==0.21.4
xlwt==1.3.0
yapf @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/yapf_1593528177422/work
zict==2.0.0
zipp @ file:///tmp/build/80754af9/zipp_1604001098328/work
zope.event==4.5.0
zope.interface @ file:///C:/ci/zope.interface_1606940376312/work

Output of the python command:

Python 3.8.5 (default, Sep  3 2020, 21:29:08) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Источник

When working with pandas and .xls files, you might encounter the following error:

xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported

This error occurs when you try to read a .xlsx or .xlsm file using pandas. The latest version of pandas has solved this error.

Let’s see an example that causes this error and how you can fix it in practice.

How to reproduce this error

Suppose you used the read_excel() method from pandas to read an excel file as follows:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_excel('data.xlsx')

print(df)

Output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/nsebhastian/Desktop/DEV/python/main.py", line 3, in <module>
    df = pd.read_excel('data.xlsx')
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File ...
    raise XLRDError(FILE_FORMAT_DESCRIPTIONS[file_format]+'; not supported')
xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Excel xlsx file; not supported

This error occurs because pandas used the xlrd library to read excel files.

The xlrd library stopped supporting anything other than the .xls format in its latest version, so this limitation impacts the ability of pandas to read .xlsx files.

How to fix this error

To resolve this error, you need to use the latest pandas version and install the openpyxl library, which can be used to read Excel xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm formats.

First, upgrade pandas using one of the following commands:

# For pip or pip3:
pip install pandas --upgrade
pip3 install pandas --upgrade

# If you don't have pip in PATH:
python -m pip install pandas --upgrade
python3 -m pip install pandas --upgrade

# For Jupyter Notebook
!pip install pandas --upgrade

Next, install the openpyxl library using pip as well:

# For pip or pip3:
pip install openpyxl
pip3 install openpyxl

# If you don't have pip in PATH:
python -m pip install openpyxl
python3 -m pip install openpyxl

# For Jupyter Notebook
!pip install openpyxl

Once installed, edit the code that calls the read_excel() method by adding the engine argument as follows:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_excel('data.xlsx', engine='openpyxl')

print(df)

Now pandas will be able to read the .xlsx file without any errors.

Note that the openpyxl library doesn’t support reading the old .xls format.

To read a .xls file, you need to change the engine back to xlrd as follows:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_excel('data.xls', engine='xlrd')

print(df)

You can also choose to downgrade xlrd to version 1.2 if you don’t want to use openpyxl, but I don’t recommend it because an older xlrd version isn’t compatible with the latest pandas version.

It’s better to use openpyxl for newer Excel file formats and keep xlrd for the old .xls format.

I hope this tutorial is helpful. Happy coding and see you in other tutorials! 👋

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