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What are Simple Machines

Simple machines are mechanical devices that use a force to do valuable work by changing the direction or magnitude of the force. They have a simple mechanism accompanied by no or very little motion. For example, a pair of scissors is a simple machine that can easily cut through paper.

Greek philosopher Archimedes was the first to study and quantify simple machines in the 3rd century B.C.

How do Simple Machines Work

The basic principle of simple machines is that a force is applied at one point and transmitted to another point. The applied force is the input force manifested at the output as the output force.

Simple machines can accomplish one or more of the following functions.

  • Transfer force from one point to another
  • Change the direction of the force
  • Increase the magnitude of the force
  • Increase the distance or speed of the force

A torque is necessary for the machine to function whenever a rotational motion is involved. Torque is defined as the product of the force and the distance about which rotation takes place.

Mechanical Advantage of Simple Machines

Simple machines work by providing leverage, known as mechanical advantage. They multiply the input force, making it easier to use them. The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of a simple machine is mathematically defined as the ratio of the output force and input force.

Ideal Mechanical Advantage = Output force/ Input force

The equation shows that the higher the mechanical advantage, the lower is the input force.

Because machines are not perfect, there will be some energy loss due to friction. Hence, the mechanical advantage obtained from simple machines is the actual mechanical advantage (AMA). The actual to ideal mechanical advantage ratio gives the machine efficiency.

Efficiency = AMA/IMA x 100%

In other words, no machine can be 100% efficient.

Types of Simple Machines

There are six types of simple machines. Most of them are used in everyday life and are commonly found in homes.

1. Lever

A lever consists of a beam resting on a support. When a force is applied at a point on the beam, it rotates about the support point. The function of a lever is to multiply the applied force so that a heavy object can be raised. The applied force is called effort, the object is the load, and the support is the fulcrum or pivot. Depending on the position of the effort, fulcrum, and load, a lever can be of three types – first, second, and third class. A lever provides a higher mechanical advantage when the distance between the fulcrum and effort is longer.

Lever

Examples: Seesaw, crowbar, scissors, and wheelbarrow

2. Inclined Plane

An inclined plane is the simplest of all simple machines. It does not consist of any moving parts, neither does it move. An inclined plane consists of a slope that makes a fixed angle to the surface on which it rests. It moves an object from a lower level to a higher level without taking it vertically. In other words, the force applied to the object is less than its weight. A more extended inclined plane provides a higher mechanical advantage, and the object can be raised will less effort.

Inclined Plane

Examples: Ramp, slide, sloping road, and funnel

3. Wedge

A wedge has a triangular shape and comprises one or two incline planes. A wedge made up of two incline planes has a sharp edge when the planes meet. It is mainly used to slice, cut, split, and lift an object. A long and sharp wedge gives a better mechanical advantage than a short and blunt one. A wedge works by changing the direction of the applied force, enabling it to cut through materials. The difference between an inclined plane and a wedge is that a wedge moves, whereas an inclined plane remains still.

Wedge

Examples: Knife, axe, scalpel, and shovel

4. Wheel and Axle

A wheel and axle consists of a large disc (wheel) and a long rod or shaft (axle). A rotational force or torque is applied to one part, which then rotates and transmits the force to the other part. Mechanical advantage is gained by increasing the size of the wheel. A wheel and axle has many functions, including transporting and lifting objects. Bicycles and cars are equipped with wheels and axles to roll over large distances. Besides, rolling over a surface generates less friction than sliding.

Wheel and Axle

Examples: Screwdriver, potter’s wheel, merry-go-round, and windmill

5. Pulley

A pulley consists of a wheel that rotates about its axis. A rope passing over the wheel is pulled to lift objects. Combining two or more pulleys allows one to raise heavy objects off the ground using minimum effort. In this way, the mechanical advantage is increased. Based on its design, a pulley can be of three types – fixed pulley, moveable pulley, and compound pulley.

Pulley

Examples: Pulleys can be found in a flagpole, construction crane, water well, and elevator.

6. Screw

A screw is a circular device in which a narrow inclined planed is wrapped around a cylinder, like a spiral staircase. One end of the screw forms the head, and the other end is sometimes pointed and forms the tip. A screw works on the principle of converting circular motion into translational motion. When a rotational force or torque is applied to the head, the screw rotates and moves linearly. A screw consists of threads, and the distance between each thread is called the pitch. The mechanical advantage can be gained by increasing the pitch. A screw is used for holding things, drilling holes, and lifting objects.

Screw

Examples: Bottle cap, corkscrew, car jack, and light bulb

The following image summarizes all the simple machines.

Simple Machines

The following image shows examples of simple machines in everyday life.

Examples of Simple Machines

In summary, simple machines are fundamental devices that are easy to use. They have little or no motion and can be used by anyone.

  • References

Article was last reviewed on Thursday, February 2, 2023

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The six classical simple machines

A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force.[1] In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force.[2] Usually the term refers to the six classical simple machines that were defined by Renaissance scientists:[3][4][5]

  • Lever
  • Wheel and axle
  • Pulley
  • Inclined plane
  • Wedge
  • Screw

A simple machine uses a single applied force to do work against a single load force. Ignoring friction losses, the work done on the load is equal to the work done by the applied force. The machine can increase the amount of the output force, at the cost of a proportional decrease in the distance moved by the load. The ratio of the output to the applied force is called the mechanical advantage.

Simple machines can be regarded as the elementary «building blocks» of which all more complicated machines (sometimes called «compound machines»[6][7]) are composed.[2][8] For example, wheels, levers, and pulleys are all used in the mechanism of a bicycle.[9][10] The mechanical advantage of a compound machine is just the product of the mechanical advantages of the simple machines of which it is composed.

Although they continue to be of great importance in mechanics and applied science, modern mechanics has moved beyond the view of the simple machines as the ultimate building blocks of which all machines are composed, which arose in the Renaissance as a neoclassical amplification of ancient Greek texts. The great variety and sophistication of modern machine linkages, which arose during the Industrial Revolution, is inadequately described by these six simple categories. Various post-Renaissance authors have compiled expanded lists of «simple machines», often using terms like basic machines,[9] compound machines,[6] or machine elements to distinguish them from the classical simple machines above. By the late 1800s, Franz Reuleaux[11] had identified hundreds of machine elements, calling them simple machines.[12] Modern machine theory analyzes machines as kinematic chains composed of elementary linkages called kinematic pairs.

History

The idea of a simple machine originated with the Greek philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who studied the Archimedean simple machines: lever, pulley, and screw.[2][13] He discovered the principle of mechanical advantage in the lever.[14] Archimedes’ famous remark with regard to the lever: «Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth,» (Greek: δῶς μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω)[15] expresses his realization that there was no limit to the amount of force amplification that could be achieved by using mechanical advantage. Later Greek philosophers defined the classic five simple machines (excluding the inclined plane) and were able to calculate their (ideal) mechanical advantage.[7] For example, Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–75 AD) in his work Mechanics lists five mechanisms that can «set a load in motion»: lever, windlass, pulley, wedge, and screw,[13] and describes their fabrication and uses.[16] However the Greeks’ understanding was limited to the statics of simple machines (the balance of forces), and did not include dynamics, the tradeoff between force and distance, or the concept of work.

During the Renaissance the dynamics of the mechanical powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how far they could lift a load, in addition to the force they could apply, leading eventually to the new concept of mechanical work. In 1586 Flemish engineer Simon Stevin derived the mechanical advantage of the inclined plane, and it was included with the other simple machines. The complete dynamic theory of simple machines was worked out by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in 1600 in Le Meccaniche (On Mechanics), in which he showed the underlying mathematical similarity of the machines as force amplifiers.[17][18] He was the first to explain that simple machines do not create energy, only transform it.[17]

The classic rules of sliding friction in machines were discovered by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), but were unpublished and merely documented in his notebooks, and were based on pre-Newtonian science such as believing friction was an ethereal fluid. They were rediscovered by Guillaume Amontons (1699) and were further developed by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1785).[19]

Ideal simple machine

If a simple machine does not dissipate energy through friction, wear or deformation, then energy is conserved and it is called an ideal simple machine. In this case, the power into the machine equals the power out, and the mechanical advantage can be calculated from its geometric dimensions.

Although each machine works differently mechanically, the way they function is similar mathematically.[20] In each machine, a force {displaystyle F_{text{in}}} is applied to the device at one point, and it does work moving a load {displaystyle F_{text{out}}} at another point.[21] Although some machines only change the direction of the force, such as a stationary pulley, most machines multiply the magnitude of the force by a factor, the mechanical advantage

{displaystyle mathrm {MA} =F_{text{out}}/F_{text{in}}}

that can be calculated from the machine’s geometry and friction.

Simple machines do not contain a source of energy,[22] so they cannot do more work than they receive from the input force.[21] A simple machine with no friction or elasticity is called an ideal machine.[23][24][25] Due to conservation of energy, in an ideal simple machine, the power output (rate of energy output) at any time P_{{text{out}}} is equal to the power input P_{{text{in}}}

{displaystyle P_{text{out}}=P_{text{in}}!}

The power output equals the velocity of the load v_{text{out}}, multiplied by the load force {displaystyle P_{text{out}}=F_{text{out}}v_{text{out}},}. Similarly the power input from the applied force is equal to the velocity of the input point v_{text{in}}, multiplied by the applied force P_{text{in}}=F_{text{in}}v_{text{in}}!. Therefore,

{displaystyle F_{text{out}}v_{text{out}}=F_{text{in}}v_{text{in}},}

So the mechanical advantage of an ideal machine {displaystyle mathrm {MA} _{text{ideal}},} is equal to the velocity ratio, the ratio of input velocity to output velocity

{displaystyle mathrm {MA} _{text{ideal}}={F_{text{out}} over F_{text{in}}}={v_{text{in}} over v_{text{out}}},}

The velocity ratio is also equal to the ratio of the distances covered in any given period of time[26][27][28]

{displaystyle {v_{text{out}} over v_{text{in}}}={d_{text{out}} over d_{text{in}}}}

Therefore the mechanical advantage of an ideal machine is also equal to the distance ratio, the ratio of input distance moved to output distance moved

{displaystyle mathrm {MA} _{text{ideal}}={F_{text{out}} over F_{text{in}}}={d_{text{in}} over d_{text{out}}},}

This can be calculated from the geometry of the machine. For example, the mechanical advantage and distance ratio of the lever is equal to the ratio of its lever arms.

The mechanical advantage can be greater or less than one:

In the screw, which uses rotational motion, the input force should be replaced by the torque, and the velocity by the angular velocity the shaft is turned.

Friction and efficiency

All real machines have friction, which causes some of the input power to be dissipated as heat. If P_{text{fric}}, is the power lost to friction, from conservation of energy

{displaystyle P_{text{in}}=P_{text{out}}+P_{text{fric}}}

The mechanical efficiency eta of a machine (where {displaystyle 0<eta <1}) is defined as the ratio of power out to the power in, and is a measure of the frictional energy losses

{displaystyle {begin{aligned}eta &equiv {P_{text{out}} over P_{text{in}}}\P_{text{out}}&=eta P_{text{in}}end{aligned}}}

As above, the power is equal to the product of force and velocity, so

{displaystyle F_{text{out}}v_{text{out}}=eta F_{text{in}}v_{text{in}}}

Therefore,

{displaystyle mathrm {MA} ={F_{text{out}} over F_{text{in}}}=eta {v_{text{in}} over v_{text{out}}}}

So in non-ideal machines, the mechanical advantage is always less than the velocity ratio by the product with the efficiency eta . So a machine that includes friction will not be able to move as large a load as a corresponding ideal machine using the same input force.

Compound machines

A compound machine is a machine formed from a set of simple machines connected in series with the output force of one providing the input force to the next. For example, a bench vise consists of a lever (the vise’s handle) in series with a screw, and a simple gear train consists of a number of gears (wheels and axles) connected in series.

The mechanical advantage of a compound machine is the ratio of the output force exerted by the last machine in the series divided by the input force applied to the first machine, that is

{displaystyle mathrm {MA} _{text{compound}}={F_{{text{out}}N} over F_{text{in1}}}}

Because the output force of each machine is the input of the next, {displaystyle F_{text{out1}}=F_{text{in2}},;F_{text{out2}}=F_{text{in3}},,ldots ;F_{{text{out}}K}=F_{{text{in}}K+1}}, this mechanical advantage is also given by

{displaystyle mathrm {MA} _{text{compound}}={F_{text{out1}} over F_{text{in1}}}{F_{text{out2}} over F_{text{in2}}}{F_{text{out3}} over F_{text{in3}}}ldots {F_{{text{out}}N} over F_{{text{in}}N}},}

Thus, the mechanical advantage of the compound machine is equal to the product of the mechanical advantages of the series of simple machines that form it

{displaystyle mathrm {MA} _{text{compound}}=mathrm {MA} _{1}mathrm {MA} _{2}ldots mathrm {MA} _{N}}

Similarly, the efficiency of a compound machine is also the product of the efficiencies of the series of simple machines that form it

{displaystyle eta _{text{compound}}=eta _{1}eta _{2}ldots ;eta _{N}.}

Self-locking machines

In many simple machines, if the load force {displaystyle F_{textrm {out}}} on the machine is high enough in relation to the input force {displaystyle F_{textrm {in}}}, the machine will move backwards, with the load force doing work on the input force.[29] So these machines can be used in either direction, with the driving force applied to either input point. For example, if the load force on a lever is high enough, the lever will move backwards, moving the input arm backwards against the input force. These are called reversible, non-locking or overhauling machines, and the backward motion is called overhauling.

However, in some machines, if the frictional forces are high enough, no amount of load force can move it backwards, even if the input force is zero. This is called a self-locking, nonreversible, or non-overhauling machine.[29] These machines can only be set in motion by a force at the input, and when the input force is removed will remain motionless, «locked» by friction at whatever position they were left.

Self-locking occurs mainly in those machines with large areas of sliding contact between moving parts: the screw, inclined plane, and wedge:

  • The most common example is a screw. In most screws, applying torque to the shaft can cause it to turn, moving the shaft linearly to do work against a load, but no amount of axial load force against the shaft will cause it to turn backwards.
  • In an inclined plane, a load can be pulled up the plane by a sideways input force, but if the plane is not too steep and there is enough friction between load and plane, when the input force is removed the load will remain motionless and will not slide down the plane, regardless of its weight.
  • A wedge can be driven into a block of wood by force on the end, such as from hitting it with a sledge hammer, forcing the sides apart, but no amount of compression force from the wood walls will cause it to pop back out of the block.

A machine will be self-locking if and only if its efficiency eta is below 50%:[29]

{displaystyle eta equiv {frac {F_{text{out}}/F_{text{in}}}{d_{text{in}}/d_{text{out}}}}<0.5}

Whether a machine is self-locking depends on both the friction forces (coefficient of static friction) between its parts, and the distance ratio {displaystyle d_{textrm {in}}/d_{textrm {out}}} (ideal mechanical advantage). If both the friction and ideal mechanical advantage are high enough, it will self-lock.

Proof

When a machine moves in the forward direction from point 1 to point 2, with the input force doing work on a load force, from conservation of energy[30][31] the input work {displaystyle W_{text{1,2}}} is equal to the sum of the work done on the load force {displaystyle W_{text{load}}} and the work lost to friction {displaystyle W_{text{fric}}}

{displaystyle W_{text{1,2}}=W_{text{load}}+W_{text{fric}}}

(Eq. 1)

If the efficiency is below 50% ({displaystyle eta =W_{text{load}}/W_{text{1,2}}<0.5}):

{displaystyle 2W_{text{load}}<W_{text{1,2}},}

From Eq. 1

{displaystyle {begin{aligned}2W_{text{load}}&<W_{text{load}}+W_{text{fric}}\W_{text{load}}&<W_{text{fric}}end{aligned}}}

When the machine moves backward from point 2 to point 1 with the load force doing work on the input force, the work lost to friction {displaystyle W_{text{fric}}} is the same

{displaystyle W_{text{load}}=W_{text{2,1}}+W_{text{fric}}}

So the output work is

{displaystyle W_{text{2,1}}=W_{text{load}}-W_{text{fric}}<0}

Thus the machine self-locks, because the work dissipated in friction is greater than the work done by the load force moving it backwards even with no input force.

Modern machine theory

Machines are studied as mechanical systems consisting of actuators and mechanisms that transmit forces and movement, monitored by sensors and controllers. The components of actuators and mechanisms consist of links and joints that form kinematic chains.

Kinematic chains

Illustration of a Four-bar linkage from Kinematics of Machinery, 1876

Simple machines are elementary examples of kinematic chains that are used to model mechanical systems ranging from the steam engine to robot manipulators. The bearings that form the fulcrum of a lever and that allow the wheel and axle and pulleys to rotate are examples of a kinematic pair called a hinged joint. Similarly, the flat surface of an inclined plane and wedge are examples of the kinematic pair called a sliding joint. The screw is usually identified as its own kinematic pair called a helical joint.

Two levers, or cranks, are combined into a planar four-bar linkage by attaching a link that connects the output of one crank to the input of another. Additional links can be attached to form a six-bar linkage or in series to form a robot.[24]

Classification of machines

The identification of simple machines arises from a desire for a systematic method to invent new machines. Therefore, an important concern is how simple machines are combined to make more complex machines. One approach is to attach simple machines in series to obtain compound machines.

However, a more successful strategy was identified by Franz Reuleaux, who collected and studied over 800 elementary machines. He realized that a lever, pulley, and wheel and axle are in essence the same device: a body rotating about a hinge. Similarly, an inclined plane, wedge, and screw are a block sliding on a flat surface.[32]

This realization shows that it is the joints, or the connections that provide movement, that are the primary elements of a machine. Starting with four types of joints, the revolute joint, sliding joint, cam joint and gear joint, and related connections such as cables and belts, it is possible to understand a machine as an assembly of solid parts that connect these joints.[24]

Kinematic synthesis

The design of mechanisms to perform required movement and force transmission is known as kinematic synthesis. This is a collection of geometric techniques for the mechanical design of linkages, cam and follower mechanisms and gears and gear trains.

See also

  • Linkage (mechanical)
  • Cam and follower mechanisms
  • Gears and gear trains
  • Mechanism (engineering)
  • Rolamite, the only elementary machine discovered in the 20th century

References

  1. ^ Paul, Akshoy; Roy, Pijush; Mukherjee, Sanchayan (2005), Mechanical sciences: engineering mechanics and strength of materials, Prentice Hall of India, p. 215, ISBN 978-81-203-2611-8.
  2. ^ a b c Asimov, Isaac (1988), Understanding Physics, New York: Barnes & Noble, p. 88, ISBN 978-0-88029-251-1.
  3. ^ Anderson, William Ballantyne (1914). Physics for Technical Students: Mechanics and Heat. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 112. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
  4. ^ «Mechanics». Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3. John Donaldson. 1773. p. 44. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  5. ^ Morris, Christopher G. (1992). Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 1993. ISBN 9780122004001.
  6. ^ a b Compound machines, University of Virginia Physics Department, retrieved June 11, 2010.
  7. ^ a b Usher, Abbott Payson (1988). A History of Mechanical Inventions. US: Courier Dover Publications. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-486-25593-4.
  8. ^ Wallenstein, Andrew (June 2002). «Foundations of cognitive support: Toward abstract patterns of usefulness». Proceedings of the 9th Annual Workshop on the Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems. Springer. p. 136. ISBN 9783540002666. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  9. ^ a b Prater, Edward L. (1994), Basic machines (PDF), U.S. Navy Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center, NAVEDTRA 14037.
  10. ^ U.S. Navy Bureau of Naval Personnel (1971), Basic machines and how they work (PDF), Dover Publications.
  11. ^ Reuleaux, F. (1963) [1876], The kinematics of machinery (translated and annotated by A.B.W. Kennedy), New York: reprinted by Dover.
  12. ^ Cornell University, Reuleaux Collection of Mechanisms and Machines at Cornell University, Cornell University.
  13. ^ a b Chiu, Y. C. (2010), An introduction to the History of Project Management, Delft: Eburon Academic Publishers, p. 42, ISBN 978-90-5972-437-2
  14. ^ Ostdiek, Vern; Bord, Donald (2005). Inquiry into Physics. Thompson Brooks/Cole. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-534-49168-0. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
  15. ^ Quoted by Pappus of Alexandria in Synagoge, Book VIII
  16. ^ Strizhak, Viktor; Igor Penkov; Toivo Pappel (2004). «Evolution of design, use, and strength calculations of screw threads and threaded joints». HMM2004 International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms. Kluwer Academic. p. 245. ISBN 1-4020-2203-4. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  17. ^ a b Krebs, Robert E. (2004). Groundbreaking Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Middle Ages. Greenwood. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-313-32433-8. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  18. ^ Stephen, Donald; Lowell Cardwell (2001). Wheels, clocks, and rockets: a history of technology. US: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 85–87. ISBN 978-0-393-32175-3.
  19. ^ Armstrong-Hélouvry, Brian (1991). Control of machines with friction. Springer. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7923-9133-3.
  20. ^ This fundamental insight was the subject of Galileo Galilei’s 1600 work Le Meccaniche (On Mechanics).
  21. ^ a b Bhatnagar, V. P. (1996). A Complete Course in Certificate Physics. India: Pitambar. pp. 28–30. ISBN 978-81-209-0868-0.
  22. ^ Simmons, Ron; Cindy, Barden (2008). Discover! Work & Machines. US: Milliken. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-4291-0947-5.
  23. ^ Gujral, I. S. (2005). Engineering Mechanics. Firewall Media. pp. 378–80. ISBN 978-81-7008-636-9.
  24. ^ a b c Uicker, John J. Jr.; Pennock, Gordon R.; Shigley, Joseph E. (2003), Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (third ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515598-3
  25. ^ Paul, Burton (1979). Kinematics and Dynamics of Planar Machinery. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-516062-6.
  26. ^ Rao, S.; Durgaiah, R. (2005). Engineering Mechanics. Universities Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-7371-543-3.
  27. ^ Goyal, M. C.; Raghuvanshee, G. S. (2011). Engineering Mechanics. PHI Learning. p. 212. ISBN 978-81-203-4327-6.
  28. ^ Avison, John (2014). The World of Physics. Nelson Thornes. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-17-438733-6.
  29. ^ a b c Gujral, I. S. (2005). Engineering Mechanics. Firewall Media. p. 382. ISBN 978-81-7008-636-9.
  30. ^ Rao, S.; Durgaiah, R. (2005). Engineering Mechanics. Universities Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-81-7371-543-3.
  31. ^ Goyal, M. C.; Raghuvanshi, G. S. (2009). Engineering Mechanics. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Ltd. p. 202. ISBN 978-81-203-3789-3.
  32. ^ Hartenberg, R.S. & J. Denavit (1964) Kinematic synthesis of linkages, New York: McGraw-Hill, online link from Cornell University.
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My approach is to start from the straightforward principle that our body is a machine. A very complicated machine, but none the less a machine, and it can be subjected to maintenance and repair in the same way as a simple machine, like a car.

Aubrey de Grey

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PRONUNCIATION OF SIMPLE MACHINE

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF SIMPLE MACHINE

Simple machine is a noun.

A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES SIMPLE MACHINE MEAN IN ENGLISH?

simple machine

Simple machine

A simple machine is a non-motorized device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. In general, a simple machine can be defined as one of the simplest mechanisms that provide mechanical advantage. Usually the term refers to the six classical simple machines which were defined by Renaissance scientists: Lever, Wheel and axle, Pulley, Inclined plane, Wedge, and Screw. A simple machine is an elementary device that has a specific movement, often called a mechanism, which can be combined with other devices and movements to form a machine. Thus simple machines are considered to be the building blocks of more complicated machines. This analytical view of machines as decomposable into simple machines first arose in the Renaissance as a neoclassical amplification of ancient Greek texts on technology, and is still a central part of engineering and applied science. For example, wheels, levers, and pulleys are all used in the mechanism of a bicycle. Between the simple machines and complex assemblies, several intermediate classes may be defined, termed compound machines or machine elements.


Definition of simple machine in the English dictionary

The definition of simple machine in the dictionary is a simple device for altering the magnitude or direction of a force. The six basic types are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, screw, wedge, and inclined plane.

Synonyms and antonyms of simple machine in the English dictionary of synonyms

Translation of «simple machine» into 25 languages

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TRANSLATION OF SIMPLE MACHINE

Find out the translation of simple machine to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

The translations of simple machine from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «simple machine» in English.

Translator English — Chinese


简单的机器

1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English — Spanish


máquina simple

570 millions of speakers

Translator English — Hindi


सरल मशीन

380 millions of speakers

Translator English — Arabic


آلة بسيطة

280 millions of speakers

Translator English — Russian


простая машина

278 millions of speakers

Translator English — Portuguese


simples máquina

270 millions of speakers

Translator English — Bengali


সহজ মেশিন

260 millions of speakers

Translator English — French


machine simple

220 millions of speakers

Translator English — Malay


Mesin mudah

190 millions of speakers

Translator English — German


einfache Maschine

180 millions of speakers

Translator English — Japanese


単純機械

130 millions of speakers

Translator English — Korean


간단한 기계

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Javanese


Mesin prasaja

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Vietnamese


máy đơn giản

80 millions of speakers

Translator English — Tamil


எளிய இயந்திரம்

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Marathi


साधी यंत्र

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Turkish


Basit makine

70 millions of speakers

Translator English — Polish


proste urządzenie

50 millions of speakers

Translator English — Ukrainian


проста машина

40 millions of speakers

Translator English — Romanian


masina de simplu

30 millions of speakers

Translator English — Greek


απλή μηχανή

15 millions of speakers

Translator English — Afrikaans


eenvoudige masjien

14 millions of speakers

Translator English — Swedish


enkel maskin

10 millions of speakers

Translator English — Norwegian


enkel maskin

5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of simple machine

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «SIMPLE MACHINE»

The term «simple machine» is regularly used and occupies the 71.139 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Trends

The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «simple machine» in the different countries.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of simple machine

List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «simple machine».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «SIMPLE MACHINE» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «simple machine» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «simple machine» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about simple machine

QUOTES WITH «SIMPLE MACHINE»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word simple machine.

My approach is to start from the straightforward principle that our body is a machine. A very complicated machine, but none the less a machine, and it can be subjected to maintenance and repair in the same way as a simple machine, like a car.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «SIMPLE MACHINE»

Discover the use of simple machine in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to simple machine and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

… lever, third class lever, fulcrum, effort, force, load, gear, wheel and axle, pulley,
simple machine, inclined plane, screw, and wedge. Materials. Required. for. the.
Module. Classroom: paper, masking tape, chart paper, overhead pens, mural …

Challenge students to categorize the objects according to the type of simple
machine they are. • Set up a variety of tasks students are can complete using a
simple machine. For example, have students remove staples from a piece of
paper …

3

Design of Machine Elements

•t— + T (a) t (b) (c) (4.24) 4.8 DESIGN OF SIMPLE MACHINE PARTS In this
chapter, design of simple machine parts is illustrated with the help of examples.
The following points should be remembered in solving such problems: (i) The …

4

Hands-On General Science Activities With Real-Life …

They will re- search the simple machine on their slip of paper. After each student
receives the name of the machine he or she will examine, distribute the handout
explaining this project, which is included at the end of this activity. 3. Provide …

Pam Walker, Elaine Wood, 2008

5

Multiple Intelligences and Instructional Technology

At the end of the day, ask the class, «Did you know that you have just built a
simple machine?» Demonstrate how a trap door, a bucket on a string, or a wedge
work together to trap a sneaky leprechaun! Activities Day 1 Read and discuss HB
 …

6

Simple Machines Made Simple

The wheel and axle is a simple machine made up of two parts, the wheel and the
axle. All this means is that there is something round that turns around a rod. For
my thinking, it has always been easiest to lump all of the variations of this pattern
 …

Form groups and give each group one machine and a set of simple machine
picture cards. Familiarize students with the picture cards by holding up each card
and asking its name. Ask each group in turn to hold up their machine and tell the
 …

Evan-Moor Educational Publishers, 1998

8

ScienceWorks for Kids: Simple Machines, Grades 1-3 — E-book

Form groups and give each group one machine and a set of simple machine
picture cards. Familiarize students with the picture cards by holding up each card
and asking its name. Ask each group in turn to hold up their machine and tell the
 …

9

Mathematics for Machine Technology

Objective After studying this unit you should be able to • Solve simple machine
technology problems that require the projection of auxiliary lines and the use of
geometric principles and trigonometric functions. Method of Solution In the
previous …

Robert Donald Smith, 2003

10

Explore and Discover 5 Tm’ 2004 Ed.

264-267 Approximately 1-2 days I. Objectives A. Explain some safety rules in
using simple machines B. Practice precautionary measures in handling and
using simple machine C. Use simple machines properly D. Keep simple
machines in …

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «SIMPLE MACHINE»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term simple machine is used in the context of the following news items.

Brush Up On Your Simple Machines With This Clever App

Quick: Name all of the simple machines you can think of! Unless you’re in elementary school and just covered this in science class, it’s not easy. Which means … «Popular Mechanics, May 15»

Best new apps of the week: Simple Machines and Sleep Science HQ

In the latest educational app from the developer, kids can explore the fun and playful side of physics with different types of machinery. Simple Machines features … «AppAdvice, May 15»

Simple Machines app by Tinybop: Kids learning physics without …

We can hardly believe it that it’s only been a month since we featured the launch of The Robot Factory app from awesome app developer Tinybop, but they’re … «Cool Mom Tech, May 15»

Not So Simple Machines

My second grade daughter has lived through an extreme fixation on the study of simple machines at school. My sixth and eighth grade kids also studied simple … «Huffington Post, Apr 15»

Simple Machines Make Life Simple

«Rube Goldberg Machines are compound machines that are made up of simple machines working together. These machines make a simple task as complex as … «Chicago Tribune, Mar 15»

Valve reveals Steam Link, a $50 box built for Steam in-home game …

When Valve announced Steam Machines last year at CES 2014, one of the main things that stood out was the lack of a cheap, simple machine dedicated solely … «PCWorld, Mar 15»

6 Simple Machines: Making Work Easier

Throughout history, humans have developed a number of devices to make work easier. The most notable of these are known as the «six simple machines«: the … «Live Science, Dec 14»

This Simple Machine/Art Installation Turns Coke Into Clean Drinking …

The distillation machine, which Smits built with the help of Synthetic Organic … The mechanics of the apparatus are fairly simple: As Coke is boiled, the released … «Co.Create, Nov 14»

Exclusive: Guster Has ‘Become Something Else’ on New Song …

“’Simple Machine‘ started in the basement with blown-out guitars and a heavy metal feel underneath Ryan [Miller]’s verse melody,” drummer Brian Rosenworcel … «TIME, Sep 14»

Going Open Source and How Simple Machine Hopes to Inspire Others

A few weeks ago, LEX developer Simple Machine took the unusual step of making the code for it open-source, thereby enabling anyone with the knowledge to … «148Apps, Aug 14»

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Simple machine [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/simple-machine>. Apr 2023 ».

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