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#1
Which words do you know that are from the same root in many different languages?
I know of Star, which has the letters STR in most Indo European languages (except Slavic languages)
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#2
Which words do you know that are from the same root in many different languages?
I know of Star, which has the letters STR in most Indo European languages (except Slavic languages)
There are at least three different ways of answering this question:
1. Similar, because the words are cognates (have a common ancestor in a family of related languages, for example Indoeuropean, Semitic, Altaic)
2. Similar, becaase of spreading across cultures (borrowings)
3. Similar because of the same way of formation independent of language family (baby talk. for example ‘mama’)
You have chosen the three letter root, that accidentally work with the word star. This kind of root is typical of Semitic languages, it won’t be fruitfull to look for them in the Indoeuropean family.
If we should try to answer yout question using the criterium 1, then the most widespread words will be numerals, which almost without exceptions are cognates in most of members of the Indoeuropean family. Many times, however, they won’t be easily recognized because of phonetical changes (for example English ‘four’ and Russian ‘chetyrye’). The first place I would award to the numeral 3, which is easily recognizable in almost all living Indoeuropean langauges and even more in the dead ones.
The numerals will be followed with words denoting family relations (mother, father, brother, sister), most common verbs (stand, sit, see, eat, know), adjectives (new , naked, big), natural objects and phenomenons (day, night, sun, earth, water, fire), prepositions, and others.
Those words are collected into a list, called Swadesh list, after the name of the creator, easily found in Wikipedia.
The languages from the Indoeuropean family are official languages in the largest number of countries, covering most of Europe, both Americas, Australia, more than a half of the area of Asia, and even most countries of Africe, despite not being a native tongue in any of them.
Last edited: Jul 4, 2011
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#3
I know of Star, which has the letters STR in most Indo European languages (except Slavic languages)
IE etymology works a bit differently than Semitic etymology. The root is not identified by a three letter consonant frame but a root has the general form <consonant cluster>+<root vowel>+<consonant cluster>. Contrary to Semitic languages, root vowels are part of the root itself. There are many unrelated roots which differ only be the stem vowel (e.g. English back-beck). In the development of IE languages, both consonants and vowels have been subjected to more or less systematic sound shifts. E.g. PIE /g/ becomes /k/ in the 1st German sound shift /k/ while /k/ becomes /h/ and /p/>/b/. Hence French genou and English knee are cognate as are Latin capere and German haben. In some West-Germanic dialects, certain /b/s become /f/, hence English have ([v] was an /f/ allophone in Old English and not an independent phoneme).
Latin stella, French étoile, German Stern and English star are also cognate. The PIE base is (probably) *(h2)ster-. Latin stella is probably an assimilation of /r/: ser-la>stella. In VL the initial cluster st- became es-t-. and in French the /s/ was lost, the long <e> in stella was diphthongized (oi) and the ending -a became -e.
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#4
Thank you both. I said «root» for lack of better word. And yes, I meant the first option you listed.
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#5
I said «root» for lack of better word.
Root
is
the right word. I just wanted to draw your attention to the fact that what constitutes a root in IE languages is quite different from what constitutes a root in your language.
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#6
Thank you both. I said «root» for lack of better word. And yes, I meant the first option you listed.
There are zillions of similar words inside language families like Indo-European or Semitic, so listing them is not too productive.
the most widespread words will be numerals, which almost without exceptions are cognates in most of members of the Indoeuropean family.
Six and Seven are the most interesting — they sound like (but not necessarly are) cognates among IE and Semitic languages. E.g. in Hebrew six = ses, seven = seva` (the «s» is pronounced «sh»).
And there are of course the known examples of wine, rice, rose/red, cat, etc.
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#7
Semitic is a sub family, so obviously many words will be the same. However are there really that many words that are similar in, for example, English and Farsi?
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#8
Semitic is a sub family, so obviously many words will be the same. However are there really that many words that are similar in, for example, English and Farsi?
There are so many words in one language and so many languages in the world. You’d be surprised how many chance coincidences there are. Just browse through this forum and you’ll find enough examples of discussions about alleged connections based on nothing but superficial similarities.
Frasi and English are also related languages, hence you would suspect to find true cognates in those two languages.
Last edited: Jul 4, 2011
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#10
There are zillions of similar words inside language families like Indo-European or Semitic, so listing them is not too productive.
This is actually not true. No language has more than several thousands root words. The rest are either formed as derivatives from them or borrowed from other languages. If you exclude specialized technological and scientific words, the usual number of words understood by 90% of population do not exceed 25 000 to 45 000.
The actual number of cognates between languages belonging to different Indoeuropean families (for example French and German) and having a similar meaning is not more than a couple of hundred. The rest are common borrowings from Latin and other languages.
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#11
The actual number of cognates between languages belonging to different Indoeuropean families (for example French and German) and having a similar meaning is not more than a couple of hundred. The rest are common borrowings from Latin and other languages.
Maybe a few thousand. Not all cognates are readily identifiable. Why do you think, cognates have similar meanings? Or did I misunderstand you?
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#12
Maybe a few thousand. Not all cognates are readily identifiable. Why do you think, cognates have similar meanings? Or did I misunderstand you?
Well, I was not precise enough, even if I wrote «are cognates … and have similar meaning». I know that cognates may have or have not the same or similar meaning, but in the popular quest after «similar» words people expect related meaning, not only etymological relation. This is what I understood was the subject of the question.
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#13
…but in the popular quest after «similar» words people expect related meaning, not only etymological relation. This is what I understood was the subject of the question.
As we experience times and again in this forum, this popular quest is often motivated by the popular misconception that cognates must have similar meanings.
The original question of this thread was not concerned with similarity at all.
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#14
As we experience times and again in this forum, this popular quest is often motivated by the popular misconception that cognates must have similar meanings.
The original question of this thread was not concerned with similarity at all.
That’s not the way I understood this.
I interpreted the question that tFighterPilot asked about words that mean «star»
The question would be virtually impossible to answer if it was concerned with all existing cognates.
Maybe I was wrong, but tFighterPilot could clarify this.
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#15
Latin stella, French étoile, German Stern and English star are also cognate. The PIE base is (probably) *(h2)ster-. Latin stella is probably an assimilation of /r/: ser-la>stella. In VL the initial cluster st- became es-t-. and in French the /s/ was lost, the long <e> in stella was diphthongized (oi) and the ending -a became -e.
In French, though, we also have astre(XII;lat.astrum<gr. astron).
Cognates are words in two more more languages with similar spellings and pronunciations. They also have similar meanings. Some languages, such as French and Spanish, are closely related. These languages have many cognates. Look at the examples for the word “telephone” in French and Spanish: téléphone (French) and teléfono (Spanish). Spanish and English have many cognates as well. Languages that are very different, such as Chinese and English, have fewer cognates. Today I talk about using cognates to help you understand English. I also talk about some common Spanish/English cognates. Finally, I talk about something called false friends. These are words that look like cognates, but are not. The download will give you some common science and technical cognates in Spanish and English.
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Download Cognates in English Notes TODAY
You may hear a word in English that is very similar to one in your language. You many wonder, ” Is it a cognate?” Think of the meaning in your language. Is the English word is used in the same way? Does the meaning that you know make sense? If so, it is probably a cognate. About 30%-40% of English words have a related word in Spanish. This means that Spanish has many English cognates. In addition, many math, science, and technology terms in other languages have English cognates. Perhaps your native language is very different from English, such as Arabic or Chinese. Even so, you will still find cognates with your language for scientific terms.
Common Spanish/English Cognate Word Endings
Dad in Spanish becomes ity in English.
actividad – activity
autoridad – authority 
capacidad – capacity
communidad – community
electricidad – electricity
Ción and sión in Spanish becomes tion or sion in English.
acción – action
adición – addition
atención – attention
función – function
televisión – television
Mente becomes ly.
absolutamente – absolutely
completamente – completely
directamente – directly
exactamente – exactly
naturalmente – naturally
Ismo becomes ism.
comunismo – communism
idealismo – idealism
mecanismo – mechanism
organismo – organism
patriotismo – patriotism
Ista becomes ist.
artista – artist
dentista – dentist
lista – list
realista – realist
turista – tourist
Ivo becomes ive.
activo – active
atractivo – attractive
efectivo – effective
negativo – negative
positivo – positive
Ía and ia become y.
academia – academy
batería – battery
ceremonia – ceremony
lotería – lottery
fotografía – photography
Ío can also become y.
accesorio – accessory
diccionario – dictionary
laboratorio – laboratory
matrimonio – matrimony
remedio – remedy
Download Cognates in English Notes TODAY
Mento becomes ment.
argumento – argument
cemento – cement
documento – document
experimento – experiment
momento – moment
As you can see, there are many common patterns for English/Spanish cognates. Although there are some differences in spelling and pronunciation, the meanings are very similar. For this reason, when you hear the word for the first time, you can probably understand it.
False Friends
Sometimes a word may look like a cognate, but it is not. The spelling and the pronunciation may be similar.The meanings, however, are not. We call these words false friends. Below are some common false friends. I give you the Spanish word first, and then the English word and the English meaning. Finally, I give you and an example sentence.
Common False Friends
actual (Spanish meaning: current) – actual (real) My ring has an actual diamond.
asistir – assist (to help) Can you assist me with my homework? Note: We can sometimes use this word in Spanish with the same meaning as in English. For this reason, it is not always considered as a false friend.
bombero (Spanish meaning: fireman) – bomber (an airplane that drops bombs in a war). My uncle flew a bomber in the Vietnam War.
carpeta (Spanish meaning: folder) – carpet (rug) I bought a new carpet for my living room floor. Note: in some Spanish speaking countries, this word has the same meaning as in English. Spain and Argentina, for example, use this word in the same way as English.
casualidad (Spanish meaning: coincidence, by chance) – casuality (victim–usually someone who dies) There have been many American casualties in Iraq.
colegio (Spanish meaning: private educational institution) – college (university) My brother finished high school, and now he’s in college.
enviar (Spanish meaning:to send) – envy (to wish you have what someone else has) I envy my neighbor. He just bought a new car.
éxito (Spanish meaning: success) – exit (the way out) Can you tell me where the exit is? I’m ready to leave.
lectura (Spanish: a reading) – lecture ( a conference or a class where the professor talks and the students listen) My history professor lectures us.
librería (Spanish meaning: bookshop) – library (place where you borrow book). I have to take my books back to the library.
molestar (Spanish meaning: to bother) – molest (to abuse sexually) She was molested when she got drunk at a party.
pretender (Spanish meaning: to wish/ to seek/ to court) – pretend ( to make believe that something is true) My son likes to pretend he is Batman.
realizar (Spanish meaning: to perform/ to do/ to carry out) – realize (to understand something) I realized that I was lost, so I stopped and asked for directions.
ropa (Spanish meaning: clothing) – rope (something you can use to climb or tie around something) At the rodeo, we watched the cowboy rope a horse.
sopa (Spanish meaning: soup) – soap (something you use to wash with) I put a new bar of soap in the shower.
últimamente (Spanish meaning: recently) – ultimate (last) After a difficult game, the Broncos ultimately won.
vaso (Spanish meaning: a glass) – vase (a lace to put cut flowers) My date brought me flowers, so I filled a vase with water and put them in.
You now know some of the most common English/Spanish cognates. In addition, you now many common cognate patterns. You also know some common false friends. If you are not sure if a new word is a cognate or a false friend, look it up. Otherwise, listen to how it is used. Does it make sense with the meaning you know? If it does, it is probably a cognate. If not, it may be a false friend. There are many cognates among math, science, and technology words. The download will list some of the more common ones.
You can download the practice sheet now!
Idioms of the Day
- Call it a day
–to stop working at the end of the day. We’ve all worked very hard today, so let’s call it a day and go home. - Draw the line –to set a limit on what you will or will not do. I’m happy to help him find a good lawyer, but I draw the line at paying for one.
Download Cognates in English Notes TODAY
Related Lesson: Avoiding Double Negatives
One in Different Languages: One (1) is a characteristic number. It speaks to a unit or single thing. It the number after zero. We can characterize as there is one sun, one moon and so on. It speaks to the single unit of estimation. It is first in unending grouping of regular numbers. One is the first non-zero normal number, regularly alluded to as solidarity. In this way, after zero it is the number.
Translation of word One in almost 100+ different languages of the world.
| Different Languages | Word One |
|---|---|
| Albanian | një |
| Basque | bat |
| Belarusian | адзін |
| Bosnian | jedan |
| Bulgarian | един |
| Catalan | 1 |
| Croatian | jedan |
| Czech | jeden |
| Danish | en |
| Dutch | een |
| Estonian | üks |
| Finnish | yksi |
| French | un |
| Galician | un |
| German | eins |
| Greek | ένας (énas) |
| Hungarian | egy |
| Icelandic | Einn |
| Irish | ceann |
| Italian | uno |
| Latvian | viens |
| Lithuanian | vienas |
| Macedonian | еден |
| Maltese | wieħed |
| Norwegian | en |
| Polish | jeden |
| Portuguese | 1 |
| Romanian | unu |
| Russian | один (Odin) |
| Serbian | један (jedan) |
| Slovak | jeden |
| Slovenian | ena |
| Spanish | uno |
| Swedish | ett |
| Ukrainian | один (odyn) |
| Welsh | un |
| Yiddish | מען |
| Armenian | մեկ |
| Azerbaijani | bir |
| Bengali | এক |
| Chinese Simplified | 一 (yī) |
| Chinese Traditional | 一 (yī) |
| Georgian | ერთ-ერთი |
| Gujarati | એક |
| Hindi | एक |
| Hmong | ib tug |
| Japanese | 1 |
| Kannada | ಒಂದು |
| Kazakh | бір |
| Khmer | មួយ |
| Korean | 하나 (hana) |
| Lao | ຫນຶ່ງ |
| Malayalam | ഒന്ന് |
| Marathi | एक |
| Mongolian | нэг |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | တစ် |
| Nepali | एक |
| Sinhala | එක |
| Tajik | як |
| Tamil | ஒரு |
| Telugu | ఒకటి |
| Thai | หนึ่ง |
| Turkish | bir |
| Urdu | ایک کو |
| Uzbek | bir |
| Vietnamese | một |
| Arabic | واحد (wahid) |
| Hebrew | אחד |
| Persian | یکی |
| Afrikaans | een |
| Chichewa | chimodzi |
| Hausa | daya |
| Igbo | otu |
| Sesotho | e mong |
| Somali | mid |
| Swahili | moja |
| Yoruba | ọkan |
| Zulu | eyodwa |
| Cebuano | sa usa ka |
| Filipino | isa |
| Indonesian | satu |
| Javanese | siji |
| Malagasy | iray |
| Malay | satu |
| Maori | kotahi |
| Esperanto | unu |
| Haitian Creole | youn |
| Latin | unum |
One in European Languages
Translation of word One in almost 42 European languages.
| Different Languages | Word One |
|---|---|
| Albanian | një |
| Basque | bat |
| Belarusian | адзін |
| Bosnian | jedan |
| Bulgarian | един |
| Catalan | 1 |
| Corsican | unu |
| Croatian | jedan |
| Czech | jeden |
| Danish | en |
| Dutch | een |
| Estonian | üks |
| Finnish | yksi |
| French | un |
| Frisian | ien |
| Galician | un |
| German | eins |
| Greek | ένας [énas] |
| Hungarian | egy |
| Icelandic | Einn |
| Irish | ceann |
| Italian | uno |
| Latvian | viens |
| Lithuanian | vienas |
| Luxembourgish | eent |
| Macedonian | еден |
| Maltese | wieħed |
| Norwegian | en |
| Polish | jeden |
| Portuguese | um [] |
| Romanian | unu |
| Russian | один [odin] |
| Scots Gaelic | aon |
| Serbian | један [jedan] |
| Slovak | jeden |
| Slovenian | ena |
| Spanish | uno |
| Swedish | ett |
| Tatar | бер |
| Ukrainian | один [odyn] |
| Welsh | un |
| Yiddish | מען |
One in Asian Languages
Translation of word One in almost 36 Asian languages.
| Different Languages | Word One |
|---|---|
| Armenian | մեկ |
| Azerbaijani | bir |
| Bengali | এক |
| Chinese Simplified | 一 [yī] |
| Chinese Traditional | 一 [yī] |
| Georgian | ერთ-ერთი |
| Gujarati | એક |
| Hindi | एक |
| Hmong | ib tug |
| Japanese | 1 |
| Kannada | ಒಂದು |
| Kazakh | бір |
| Khmer | មួយ |
| Korean | 하나 [hana] |
| Kyrgyz | бир |
| Lao | ຫນຶ່ງ |
| Malayalam | ഒന്ന് |
| Marathi | एक |
| Mongolian | нэг |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | တစ် |
| Nepali | एक |
| Odia | ଗୋଟିଏ | |
| Pashto | یو |
| Punjabi | ਇਕ |
| Sindhi | هڪ |
| Sinhala | එක |
| Tajik | як |
| Tamil | ஒரு |
| Telugu | ఒకటి |
| Thai | หนึ่ง |
| Turkish | bir |
| Turkmen | biri |
| Urdu | ایک کو |
| Uyghur | بىرى |
| Uzbek | bir |
| Vietnamese | một |
One in Middle East Languages
Translation of word One in 4 middle eastern languages.
| Different Languages | Word One |
|---|---|
| Arabic | واحد [wahid] |
| Hebrew | אחד |
| Kurdish (Kurmanji) | yek |
| Persian | یکی |
One in African Languages
Translation of word One in almost 13 African languages.
| Different Languages | Word One |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | een |
| Amharic | አንድ |
| Chichewa | chimodzi |
| Hausa | daya |
| Igbo | otu |
| Kinyarwanda | imwe |
| Sesotho | e mong |
| Shona | Poshi |
| Somali | mid ka mid ah |
| Swahili | moja |
| Xhosa | Nye |
| Yoruba | ọkan |
| Zulu | eyodwa |
One in Austronesian Languages
Translation of word One in almost 10 Austronesian languages.
| Different Languages | Word One |
|---|---|
| Cebuano | sa usa ka |
| Filipino | isa |
| Hawaiian | ekahi |
| Indonesian | satu |
| Javanese | siji |
| Malagasy | iray |
| Malay | satu |
| Maori | kotahi |
| Samoan | tasi |
| Sundanese | hiji |
One in Other Foreign Languages
| Different Languages | Word One |
|---|---|
| Esperanto | unu |
| Haitian Creole | youn |
| Latin | unum |
Video Translation of One in 10 Other Languages
More Information about One
Each number increased by one remains that, as one is the augmentation character. As an outcome 1 is its own square root, its own cube root and so forth. It’s its very own factory. One is likewise the result of a vacuum item in light of the fact that each number is itself increased. It is likewise the main regular number which, regarding division, isn’t composite nor prime, yet which is a unit.
Mathematics characters start from zero, one is the first number and 2 is the second. We can make counting by adding another number with one like add six after one will become 16.
One in different languages has many names. It is the first character of numbers.
My name is Arslan Hussain and I am co-founder of The Different Languages blog. Have years of experience in digital marketing, My best hobby is blogging and feel awesome to spend time in it.
When you listen to someone speaking a language you don’t understand, can you pick up any meaning? Most people can, because a lot of body language is universal, and up to 90% of all communication is nonverbal. Most of spoken language is not universal though and there are very few words, which are the same across all languages. Modern linguists are beginning to study these universal words now.
Mark Dingemanse is studying one of these rare words. What’s surprising is that this universal word is a word used to mean, ‘I don’t understand’. The word huh? is a universal word, understood in almost every language.
In some circles, the word huh? is thought to be a bit crude. It is seen as informal, and impolite to say except in a very casual situation. While that may be true, the fact that so many different languages use the word makes it one of the world’s most important words.
Dingemanse has been studying ten different languages, including Spanish, Chinese, Icelandic and indigenous languages from Australia, Ecuador and Ghana. Each of those languages uses a distinct form of huh?. The word is slightly different sounding in each language. Still, it is pronounced using the same movements of the mouth and tongue.
Some have tried to dispel this theory, claiming huh? is a sound and not a word. Dingemanse sticks by his theory though. He says huh? is a word, because it has no equal in the animal kingdom, like roars and grunts do. Children also don’t use huh? until they begin speaking in real words.
Since huh? is used all over the world, this means you know at least one word in every language. If someone says something to you, which you don’t understand, saying huh? might cause them to repeat their last sentence.
While huh?, may not be that helpful of a word when traveling, it does teach us something about what all humans share. All humans cry over loss. All people smile when happy. And apparently, we all share at least one word. What do you think? Is huh? really a word, or is it something more primal, like a laugh or a scream?