One word for running horse

When you’re new to horse riding, it can seem like equestrian terms are an entirely different language! There are a lot of words and phrases horse riders use that can be quite foreign for people new to horses. But no worries — we’ve got you covered! Here are some of the common horse terms and definitions to get you on your way to sounding like an expert in no time.

Horse Gear Terms

Horse gear is commonly called “tack” by equestrians. Tack is any accessory worn by a horse or used with a horse, including the commonly-used gear on this list.

Bell Boot — A protective boot sometimes worn by horses, designed to protect their hooves and lower legs. Bell Boots also help keep their shoes on.
Bit — A piece of equipment (normally metal) that is placed in a horse’s mouth to give the rider control of the horse. There are a number of different kinds of bits and one of the most popular is a snaffle bit.
Blinkers — A small pair of leather screens attached to a horse’s bridle, designed to keep the horse from seeing behind or sideways.
Breastplate — A set of straps used to prevent a horse’s saddle from slipping backward. They pass under the horse’s chest.
Bridle — Headgear consisting of buckled straps, including a crown piece, cheek pieces, throatlatch, browband, and noseband, used to control a horse. A bit and reins are separate pieces that attach to the bridle. Learn more about How a Horse Bridle Works.
Girth — A band fastened around a horse’s belly that’s used to secure a saddle.
Halter — A head collar that fastens around the horse’s head and nose for leading or tethering it.
Horse Blanket — A covering designed to fit your horse to keep them warm and dry. Learn more about how to measure your horse for a blanket.
Horse Boots — A protective boot or wrap some horses wear to prevent trauma to their lower leg or hoof. Learn more about the various types of Horse Boots and how to use them.
Martingale — A strap or set of straps used to prevent a horse from raising its head too high. It is attached to the reins or to the noseband, part of the bridle. Learn more: Running Martingale: What Is It and When Do You Need It?
Rein — A long, narrow strap generally used in pairs attached to a horse’s bit and used to guide a horse when riding.
Saddle — A rider’s seat, typically made from leather, that is fastened on a horse’s back. Learn more about how to measure for an English Saddle and check out 8 of our best English Saddles.
Shoe —A piece of steel, aluminum, or plastic that is nailed or glued to a horse’s hooves to protect them from injury. Learn more about Horse Glue-On Shoes and if your Horse Needs Them.
Stirrup —A loop-shaped device with a flat base attached to both sides of a horse’s saddle and used to support a rider’s foot. These are also sometimes referred to as stirrup irons.

Equestrian Gear Terms

Horses aren’t the only ones with their own special gear. Riders also have equestrian gear worn specifically for horseback riding.

Boots — Boots are essential for any rider, and they can either be tall or short. Tall boots come in two styles: field boots, with a laced enclosure at the front, and dress boots, which are more formal and often used for competition. Short boots, or paddock boots, are used for casual riding. Check out our 7 best horse riding boots.
Breeches — Athletically inspired pants a person wears when riding a horse. Learn more about what breeches are and how to choose the right pair, then check out our 10 best horse riding breeches.
Half Chaps — When you wear short boots, you may use half chaps to shield your lower leg from chafing. Check out our Half Chap sizing, fit, and style guide.

Helmet — Essential safety gear to protect the head. Certain helmets are specifically designed for horse riding, and all riders should wear one whenever on horseback. Learn more about riding helmet safety, and check out our top 10 horse riding helmets.
Jodhpurs — Modern-day Jodhpurs, also known as Jods, are normally only worn by children and feel the same as breeches. They go over paddock boots and have an elastic strap that goes under the boot.
Paddock Boots — Also called jodhpur boots, these short boots are worn for casual riding, and they are often worn with jodhpurs. Check out our 6 Best Paddock Boots.

You might like: 5 Best Horse Riding Boots for Beginners

Terms for a Horse’s Physique

Cannons —A horse’s lower legs from the knee to the ankle. Similar to a human shin bone.
Coffin Bone —This is the bone located inside the hoof.
Coronet —The part of a horse’s leg immediately above the hoof.
Croup —The topline of a horse’s hindquarters.
Fetlock — The joint above the pastern, this functions like an ankle.
Forefoot —A horse’s front foot.
Hindquarters — The back end of a horse, including the buttocks, upper rear legs, dock of the tail, hips, and the croup.
Hocks—This joint is the bony protrusion consisting of eight bones at the top of the cannon bone on the hind leg. This joint functions similarly as a human knee on the horses back leg.
Hoof —The hard part of a horse’s foot, it is made up of several components each with it’s own function. The hoof itself has little to no nerves on the exterior similar to your fingernail only much much thicker. The hoof protects the coffin bone.
Mane — The hair that grows from a horse’s neck.
Near side — The left-hand side of a horse.
Off side —The right-hand side of a horse.
Pastern — The part of the leg between the fetlock and coronet at the top of the hoof. The pastern is made up of 2 bones known as the 1st and second phalanges (think finger bones as they stem from wrist).
Withers — The ridge between the shoulder blades.

Other Words for Horses

The following different names for horses are used based on their age, gender, and if they are intact or castrated.

Aged/Senior — Horses that are fifteen years old or older.
Colt — A male horse under four years of age that is not castrated.
Equine — A horse or another member of the horse family such as a donkey or a zebra.
Foal — A young horse.
Filly — A female horse that is under the age of four.
Gelding — A male horse that has been castrated.
Mare — A female horse over four years old.
Stallion — A male horse that is over four years old and has not been castrated.
Yearling — A horse between the ages of one and two.
Weanling — A young horse under 1-year old that has been weaned from its mother.
Mini – The miniture version of a full grown equine, generally under 52″ tall at the withers and shoulders.

English Riding Terms

English riding is a form of horse riding with several disciplines, including the following:

Cross-Country — An endurance test that is part of the three phases of eventing. XC involves jumping solid obstacles. Originally designed to mimic jumps you would come across on the hunt field.
Dressage — A discipline where the horse and rider are judged based on how well they perform a series of prescribed movements. Learn more about dressage riding and the equipment you need for dressage.
Eventing — A combination of three disciplines: dressage, cross-country, and show jumping.
Hunter — A competition where the horse and rider jump over fences and the horse’s form, style, and accuracy is judged.
Jumper (also called Show Jumping) — A competition that evaluates how quickly a horse and rider can complete a series of jumps with the fewest errors, or faults.

General Horse Terminology

These are other commonly-used horse-related words you may come across:

Above the bit —This is an incorrect head position, typically caused by excess pressure from a bit, where the horse’s head is held high above a rider’s hands.
Aids —Tools a rider uses to communicate with a horse, including voice, legs, spurs, and hands.
Canter —A gait with three beats, between a gallop and a trot.
Dry Lot —A grass-free paddock for horses who are overweight or require strict monitoring of their grass intake.
Equestrian — A person who owns, rides, or shows horses, or participates in horse-related activities.
Equitation – The practice of horse riding and horsemanship.
Farrier — A person who trims and shoes a horse’s hooves. Also known as a Blacksmith.
Gait — The movement and speed of a horse.
Gallop — A fast gait with four beats where all four of the horse’s hooves are off the ground at a time.
Hand – A common unit of measurement for horses. One hand equals four inches.
Lame — A horse that is limping or has mobility issues due to injury or pain.
Mount — Getting on a horse. (Getting off a horse is called dismounting).
Paddock — A small enclosure to keep a horse contained for a specific purpose.
Pasture — a large area of several acres where horses are turned out to graze, run and play.
Sound — A horse with an even gait. (A horse with an uneven gait is known as lame orunsound.)
Trot — A pace faster than a walk where a horse lifts its legs in diagonal pairs.

There’s a lot to learn when you are first introduced to horses. Not only are you learning to care for them and ride them, but you also have a whole new list of terminology to figure out. With this glossary in hand, you should be off to a great start and ready to begin putting your new knowledge into practice.

You might also like:

Essential Horse Riding Gear for Beginners
How to Measure Your Head for a Riding Helmet
7 Best Horse-Riding Vests
How Much Does It Cost to Own a Horse

by Michelle Drum

Michelle has been obsessed with horses since childhood. In addition to managing the e-commerce department at Farm House Tack, she is a graduate B with the United States Pony Club and previously worked as an Equine Veterinary Technician. She currently competes in the Amature Owner Hunters with her home-bred warmblood gelding Lego. Her husband David is a DVM with a graduate degree in medical microbiology from the University of Georgia.

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Источник

1
HORSE

• Don’t swap horses crossing a stream (in midstream, in the middle of the road, in the middle of the stream, while crossing the stream) — ‘ Лошадей на переправе не меняют (Л)

Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > HORSE

2
Когда лошадь бежит, не надобно шпор

A good worker needs no driving on. See На послушного коня кнута не надо (H)

Cf: The beast that goes always never wants blows (Br.). Don’t spur a willing horse (Am., Br.). Don’t whip the horse that is pulling (Am.). A good horse should be seldom spurred (Am., Br.). A running horse needs no spur (Br.)

Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > Когда лошадь бежит, не надобно шпор

3
Выше лба уши не растут

There is a limit to everything. (It is applied to what is not realizable.) See Выше головы не прыгнешь (B)

Var.: Выше головы волосы не растут. Выше лба глаза не растут

Cf: It is impossible to hoist oneself by one’s own boots’ straps (Br.). One cannot see through a brick wall (Br.). One can’t shoe a runaway horse (Br.). One can’t shoe a running horse (Am.). A stream never rises higher than its source (Am.). There is no building a bridge across the ocean (Br.)

Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > Выше лба уши не растут

4
SHOE

Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > SHOE

5
схватить

ХВАТАТЬ (СХВАТИТЬ)

Глаголу хватать соответствуют синонимы catch, seize, grasp, grip, snatch, clutch и grab. Catch имеет значение ‘схватывать, схватить, ловить, поймать’: she couldn’t catch the ball; he caught me by the sleeve. Seize означает ‘перехватить, схватить силой’ (сломив сопротивление): to seize a running horse. Grasp – ‘схватить, сжать в руках’: he grasped my hand and shook it heartily; the hungry man greedily grasped the bread. Grip – ‘схватить, крепко зажать, стиснуть’ (обычно имеет в виду действие, вызванное гневом, страхом и т. д.): the frightened child gripped its mother’s arm. Snatch означает ‘хватать, вырывать, выхватывать’ (часто неожиданно для окружающих): to snatch a book from under one’s nose. Clutch имеет значение ‘крепко, цепко схватить, ухватиться за’ (часто в отчаянии): he clutched (at) the rope we threw to him. Grab имеет в виду резкое, порывистое движение, насильственный (часто незаконный) захват: he grabbed the money from the table; the dog grabbed the bone and ran off with it. Catch, seize, grasp, grip и snatch могут употребляться метафорически. Catch означает ‘приобрести, получить’: схватить простуду – to catch (a) cold, а также ‘уловить сказанное’: I didn’t quite catch what you said. Seize и grasp имеют значение ‘понять, ухватить’: to seize the idea, to grasp a person’s meaning. Seize означает также ‘захватить, овладеть’: захватить власть – to seize power, захватить в свои руки контроль над чем-л. – to seize control over something. Snatch соответствует русскому ‘выхватить, вырвать’: вырвать больного из когтей смерти – to snatch a patient from the jaws of death.

Трудности английского языка (лексический справочник). Русско-английский словарь > схватить

6
хватать

ХВАТАТЬ (СХВАТИТЬ)

Трудности английского языка (лексический справочник). Русско-английский словарь > хватать

7
беговая дорожка

1) General subject: cinder-path, path, race track, racecourse, racetrack, track, turf , athletic track , running machine

6) Engineering: cap , link rail , tread

10) Automobile industry: tread

12) Oilfield: race

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > беговая дорожка

8
быстрый

Русское быстрый имеет несколько эквивалентов в английском языке: fast, rapid, swift и quick. Fast и rapid употребляются атрибутивно и могут взаимозаменяться: fast horse и rapid horse, fast trip и rapid trip. Однако fast чаще сочетается с существительным, обозначающим движущийся объект, a rapid – с существительными, обозначающими действие, движение: fast train, fast boat, но rapid current, rapid gait, rapid progress, rapid flight of time. Quick и swift могут употребляться как атрибутивно, так и предикативно и могут взаимозаменяться: quick glance и swift glance, to be quick in running и to be swift in running. Quick может также заменять прилагательные fast и rapid: quick train и fast train, quick work и rapid work.

Трудности английского языка (лексический справочник). Русско-английский словарь > быстрый

9
скачки

1) General subject: horse-course, horse-race, horserace, horseracing, lope, point to point, point-to-point, race, race meeting, races, sport of kings, the races, turf, vaulting

7) Horse breeding: race

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > скачки

10
бег

муж.

1) run(ning); race спорт

барьерный бег — спорт the hurdles, hurdle race, hurdle-race, hurdling

на бегу — (while) running, at the double

бега the races, horse-race, running

Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > бег

11
Х-67

НА ХОДУ

PrepP
Invar

subj-compl

with бытье (

subj

: a noun denoting a vehicle, factory

etc

))

sth.

is in working condition, working as it should

X на ходу — (of a vehicle) X is in running (working) order

(of a factory, plant

etc

) X is operational.

2. Х-67 вскочить, соскочить и т. п.

adv

(to jump into, jump off

etc

a vehicle, horse

etc

) while it is in motion

while (the car (the horse

etc

)) is moving

(jump into (onto, from)) a (the) moving (car (train

etc

))
(jump into a car (jump out of a boat

etc

)) as it is pulling out (pulling in, floating out

etc

adv

(of a person) (to do

sth.

) while continuing to move

as one walks (goes) (along)

on the move (the go)
without stopping.

adv

(to do

sth.

) hastily, without giving it one’s full attention, or while in the process of doing something else

on the go

on the move.

adv

quickly, without thinking or preparation

on the spur of the moment

(in refer, to saying

sth.

, answering

etc

) off the top of one’s head.

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Х-67

12
на ходу

=====

coll

[

subj-compl

with быть (

subj

: a noun denoting a vehicle, factory

etc

)]

⇒

sth.

is in working condition, working as it should:

— X на ходу≈ [of a vehicle] X is in running < working> order;

— [of a factory, plant

etc

] X is operational.

2. на ходу вскочить, соскочить и т.п. [

adv

]

⇒ (to jump into, jump off

etc

a vehicle, horse

etc

) while it is in motion:

— while (the car <the horse etc>) is moving;

— (jump into <onto, from>) a < the> moving (car <train etc>);

— (jump into a car <jump out of a boat etc>) as it is pulling out (pulling in, floating out etc).

♦ Трамвай начал делать круг… Зоя ловко соскочила на ходу, потому что отсюда было короче (Солженицын 10). The [trolley] car had already begun its turn around the circle…. [Zoya] jumped off deftly while the car was moving, so as to cut down the distance she would have to walk (10b).

♦ Отомкнув баркас, он [Митька] с силой толкнул его от коряги, вскочил на ходу (Шолохов 2). Не [Mitka] unhitched the boat, pushed it hard and jumped in as it floated out (2a).

⇒ (of a person) (to do

sth.

) while continuing to move:

— without stopping.

♦ Перед собой он держал половинку арбуза и ел из нее на ходу столовой ложкой (Аксёнов 6). In one hand he held half a watermelon, which he was eating with a tablespoon as he walked along (6a).

♦…Буш, как фокусник, извлек из воздуха тетрадь и стал на ходу читать… (Набоков 1)….Busch, like a conjurer, plucked a notebook out of the air and began to read on the move… (1a).

♦ Статный австрийский офицер со спортсменской выправкой шел под конвоем на вокзал. Ему улыбнулись две барышни, гулявшие по перрону. Он на ходу очень ловко раскланялся и послал им воздушный поцелуй (Шолохов 2). A fine-looking Austrian officer with the bearing of an athlete was being taken under guard to the station building. Two young ladies strolling along the platform smiled at him. He managed a very neat bow without stopping and blew them a kiss (2a)

⇒ (to do

sth.

) hastily, without giving it one’s full attention, or while in the process of doing something else:

— on the move.

♦ Не стал читать страницу из «Дневника» Делакруа… чтобы не прочесть ее кое-как, на ходу… (Олеша 3). I didn’t begin reading a page in Delacroix’s Diary,.in order not to read it haphazardly, on the go… (3a).

⇒ quickly, without thinking or preparation:

— [in refer, to saying

sth.

, answering

etc

] off the top of one’s head.

♦…Нужно было разобраться в речевом коде землян. Без помощи специального устройства, на ходу, это не просто (Обухова 1). He had to decipher the speech code of the Earthmen. This was not easy on the spur of the moment, without special instruments (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на ходу

13
неправильный ход

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > неправильный ход

14
шаблон для вытягивания карнизов

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > шаблон для вытягивания карнизов

15
М-271

ЧТО ЕСТЬ (БЫЛО) МОЧИ (СИЛЫ, СИЛ)
ВО ВСЮ МОЧЬ
ИЗО ВСЕЙ МОЧИ all

coll
AdvP

PrepP

these forms only

adv

(

intensif

)
more often used with

impfv

verbs
fixed

1. (to do

sth.

) with the utmost possible exertion, intensity

with all one’s might

as hard as one can
for all one is worth.

2. бежать, мчаться и т. п. — (to run, race

etc

) very fast

at full (top) speed

(at) full tilt
for all one is worth
as fast as one can
as fast as onefc legs can carry one.

3. кричать, орать, гудеть и т. п. М-271 (to shout, yell, blare

etc

) very loudly

at the top of one’s voice (lungs)

with all one’s (its) might
(of a radio, television

etc

) (at) full blast.

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > М-271

16
во всю мочь

• ЧТО ЕСТЬ < БЫЛО> МОЧИ <СИЛЫ, СИЛ>; ВО ВСЮ МОЧЬ; ИЗО ВСЕЙ МОЧИ all

coll

[

AdvP

PrepP

; these forms only;

adv

(

intensif

); more often used with

impfv

verbs; fixed

]

=====

1. (to do

sth.

) with the utmost possible exertion, intensity:

— for all one is worth.

♦…Остервенясь, он раз десять сразу, из всей мочи, дёрнул в колокольчик (Достоевский 3)….Enraged, he pulled at the bell with all his might about a dozen times (3b).

2. бежать, мчаться и т.п. во всю мочь (to run, race

etc

) very fast:

— as fast as one’s legs can carry one.

♦ Он подбежал к нам, остановился, сопел — как воздушный насос — и не мог сказать ни слова: должно быть, бежал во всю мочь (Замятин 1). He rushed up to us, stopped, his breath hissing like an air pump, unable to say a word. He must have run at top speed (1a).

♦ Дикий, отчаянный вопль донёсся оттуда. Потом увидели и самого Федьку. Бежит что есть мочи по пожне, кричит благим матом… (Абрамов 1). A wild desperate wail had issued forth. Then they saw Fedka himself, running for all he was worth across the field, yelling at the top of his lungs (1a).

♦ «Беги что есть мочи туда, — кричал он ей вслед, — и не оглядывайся…» (Гончаров 1). «Run there as fast as you can,» he shouted after her, «and don’t look round…» (1a).

♦ Я обернулся к площади и увидел Максима Максимыча, бегущего что было мочи… (Лермонтов 1). I turned towards the square and saw Maxim Maximych running as fast as his legs could carry him (lc).

3. кричать, орать, гудеть и т.п. во всю мочь (to shout, yell, blare

etc

) very loudly:

— [of a radio, television

etc

] (at) full blast.

♦…Здесь петухи пели иначе, чем в Атамановке, они здесь действительно пели, а не горланили что есть мочи, как в его родной деревне (Распутин 2)….The roosters crowed differently here than they did in Atamanovka, singing instead of screaming at the top of their lungs (2a).

♦ Отец захохотал изо всей мочи и начал трепать сына по плечу так, что и лошадь бы не выдержала (Гончаров 1). His father burst out laughing with all his might and began patting his son’s shoulders so vigorously that a horse would not have stood it… (1a).

♦ Гармошки… заскрежетали во всю мочь… (Владимов 1). The accordions were bellowing away at full blast… (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > во всю мочь

17
изо всей мочи

• ЧТО ЕСТЬ < БЫЛО> МОЧИ <СИЛЫ, СИЛ>; ВО ВСЮ МОЧЬ; ИЗО ВСЕЙ МОЧИ all

coll

[

AdvP

PrepP

; these forms only;

adv

(

intensif

); more often used with

impfv

verbs; fixed

]

=====

1. (to do

sth.

) with the utmost possible exertion, intensity:

— for all one is worth.

2. бежать, мчаться и т.п. изо всей мочи (to run, race

etc

) very fast:

— as fast as one’s legs can carry one.

3. кричать, орать, гудеть и т.п. изо всей мочи (to shout, yell, blare

etc

) very loudly:

— [of a radio, television

etc

] (at) full blast.

♦ Гармошки… заскрежетали во всю мочь… (Владимов 1). The accordions were bellowing away at full blast… (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > изо всей мочи

18
что было мочи

• ЧТО ЕСТЬ < БЫЛО> МОЧИ <СИЛЫ, СИЛ>; ВО ВСЮ МОЧЬ; ИЗО ВСЕЙ МОЧИ all

coll

[

AdvP

PrepP

; these forms only;

adv

(

intensif

); more often used with

impfv

verbs; fixed

]

=====

1. (to do

sth.

) with the utmost possible exertion, intensity:

— for all one is worth.

2. бежать, мчаться и т.п. что было мочи (to run, race

etc

) very fast:

— as fast as one’s legs can carry one.

3. кричать, орать, гудеть и т.п. что было мочи (to shout, yell, blare

etc

) very loudly:

— [of a radio, television

etc

] (at) full blast.

♦ Гармошки… заскрежетали во всю мочь… (Владимов 1). The accordions were bellowing away at full blast… (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > что было мочи

19
что было сил

• ЧТО ЕСТЬ < БЫЛО> МОЧИ <СИЛЫ, СИЛ>; ВО ВСЮ МОЧЬ; ИЗО ВСЕЙ МОЧИ all

coll

[

AdvP

PrepP

; these forms only;

adv

(

intensif

); more often used with

impfv

verbs; fixed

]

=====

1. (to do

sth.

) with the utmost possible exertion, intensity:

— for all one is worth.

2. бежать, мчаться и т.п. что было сил (to run, race

etc

) very fast:

— as fast as one’s legs can carry one.

3. кричать, орать, гудеть и т.п. что было сил (to shout, yell, blare

etc

) very loudly:

— [of a radio, television

etc

] (at) full blast.

♦ Гармошки… заскрежетали во всю мочь… (Владимов 1). The accordions were bellowing away at full blast… (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > что было сил

20
что было силы

• ЧТО ЕСТЬ < БЫЛО> МОЧИ <СИЛЫ, СИЛ>; ВО ВСЮ МОЧЬ; ИЗО ВСЕЙ МОЧИ all

coll

[

AdvP

PrepP

; these forms only;

adv

(

intensif

); more often used with

impfv

verbs; fixed

]

=====

1. (to do

sth.

) with the utmost possible exertion, intensity:

— for all one is worth.

2. бежать, мчаться и т.п. что было силы (to run, race

etc

) very fast:

— as fast as one’s legs can carry one.

3. кричать, орать, гудеть и т.п. что было силы (to shout, yell, blare

etc

) very loudly:

— [of a radio, television

etc

] (at) full blast.

♦ Гармошки… заскрежетали во всю мочь… (Владимов 1). The accordions were bellowing away at full blast… (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > что было силы

Источник

ЛОШАДЬ — HORSE
⠀
Жеребёнок — foal
Жеребец — stallion
Кобыла — mare
Мерин — gelding
Порода — breed

МАСТИ ЛОШАДЕЙ — EQUINE COAT COLORS

Вороная — black
Гнедая — bay
Рыжая — chestnut
Серая — grey

Буланая — buckskin
Бурая, караковая — brown
Вороная в загаре — fading black
Игреневая — flaxen
Изабелловая — cream
Мышастая — blue
Пегая — skewbald, piebald
Саврасая — dun
Серая в яблоках — dapple-grey
Серая в гречку — fleabitten grey
Соловая — palomino
Чалая — roan
Чубарая — spotted, appaloosa

СТАТИ ЛОШАДИ — POINTS OF THE HORSE

Бабка — pastern
Бедро — thigh
Венчик — coronet
Голень — gaskin
Гребень — crest
Грива — mane
Грудь — breast
Губы — lips
Затылок — poll
Зяпястный сустав — knee
Колено — stifle
Копыто — hoof
Круп — croup, rump
Локоть — elbow
Маклок — point of hip
Морда — muzzle
Ноздри — nostrils
Плечо — shoulder
Подбородок — chin
Подплечье — forearm
Поясница — loins
Путовый сустав — fetlock
Пясть — cannon
Репица — dock
Скакательный сустав — hock
Спина — back
Уши — ears
Хвост — tail
Холка — withers
Шея — neck
⠀

ВЕРХОВАЯ ЕЗДА — HORSE RIDING
⠀
Аллюр — gait, pace
Шаг — walk
Рысь (строевая/учебная) — trot (rising/sitting)
Галоп — canter, gallop
Быть в поводу — be on the bit
Хромать — lame
⠀
Всадник — rider
Шенкель — lower leg
Шлюсс — upper leg
(Облегченная) посадка — (half-)seat
⠀
Воздействие — influence
Движение — movement
Скорость — speed
Темп — pace
⠀
Вести лошадь — lead the horse
Вольт — circle
Высылать — drive forward
Корда — lounge
Набрать/отдать повод — take/give the rein
Осаживать — reinback
Остановка — halt
Перемена направления — change of direction/rein
(Полу)одержка — (half)halt
Постановление — poise
Стенка — wall
Жердь — pole
⠀
Сопротивление — resistance
Бить задом — kick
Встать на дыбы — rear
Вскинуть головой — toss the head
Козлить — buck
Тащить — pull
⠀

КОННЫЙ СПОРТ — EQUESTRIAN SPORTS
⠀
Соревнования — competition
Международная федерация конного спорта — International Equestrian Federation (FEI)
⠀
Выездка — dressage
Боковые движения — side-steps
Выездковая езда — dressage test
Менка — flying change
Принимание — half-pass
Сбор — collection
⠀
Конкур — show jumping
Закидка — refusal
Маршрут — course
Обносить — run out
Препятствие — obstacle
Прыгать — jump
Прыжковая посадка — jumping position
⠀

КОНЮШНЯ — STABLE, STALLS, BARN
⠀
Амуничник — tack room
Ветеринар — veterinarian
Денник — box
Зерно — grain
Конюх — groom
Левада — paddock
Манеж — arena
Опилки — shavings
Сено — hay
Солома — straw
Щётка — brush
⠀

АМУНИЦИЯ — TACK
⠀
Бинт — wrap
Вальтрап — pad, saddle blanket
Мартингал — martingale
Мундштук — curb bit
Недоуздок — halter
Ногавки — shin boots
Подкова — horseshoe
Подпруга — girth
Попона — blanket
Повод — rein
Седло — saddle
Стремя — stirrup
Трензель — bit
Уздечка — bridle
⠀

ОДЕЖДА — CLOTHES
⠀
Бриджи — breeches
Краги — chaps
Перчатки — gloves
Сапоги — boots
Хлыст — whip
Шлем — helmet
Шпора — spur

Источник

Horses, back in the days of yore, were humanity’s primary mode of transportation. As a result, they’ve trotted and galloped all over the English language.

Despite the nobility of these beautiful beasts, not all the uses are flattering. Horses have helped name a boatload of nonsense. In addition to a popular word that is not family-friendly, there are terms such as horsefeathers, horse apples, and horse cookies. If you’ve ever seen a pile of literal horse cookies, you won’t have to ask why these terms represent massive loads of drivel and rubbish.

In honor of National I Love Horses Day on July 15th, here’s a look at some vocabulary words from the lexicon of horse-ology.

For even more equine lingo, check out this list: Horsin’ Around

jockey
Jockey was originally a nickname for someone named Jock or John who was small, and it became a bit of an insult, kind of like pipsqueak. The word also took a professional turn, as a word for a person who rides a racehorse. To be a winning jockey, you kind of need to be a pipsqueak. A sumo wrestler might have a wonderful rapport with his horse, but his size would make winning impossible (or miraculous).

canter
This is an ultra-specific word for a semi-specific horse speed: between a trot and a gallop. A trot is the equivalent of stroll: not fast at all. A gallop is full steam ahead. If you take a horse for a canter, you’re moving between the casual speed of a trot and a full-bore gallop. Sometimes a canter is called an easy gallop, though I suppose you could also call it a hard trot. You’ll have to make those decisions for yourself.

gallop
A running horse is a sight to behold: you seldom see a critter so big move so dang fast. The distinctive running style of horses — with the legs fully extended in each stride — is referred to as galloping. The word gallop has been around since the 1500s, and it can be a noun or verb. People can gallop too, but they aren’t likely to match the grace of a horse unless they’re in the Olympics or a cartoon.

equine
Just as canine refers to dogs, and ursine to bears, equine refers to horses. If you’re an equine enthusiast, you like horses a lot. This word comes up in specific cases such as equine medicine, equine sports, and equine behavior. You can also call an individual horse an equine, as in «My Uncle Ted has three magnificent equines in his barn. Unfortunately, he’s a horse thief.»

hoof
A hoof is a distinctive — and very hard — type of foot that some animals, including horses, have. The hardness of hooves is what makes the clomping sound when horses are on the go. Other animals with hooves include giraffes and goats. Many portrayals of the devil or Satan mention his hooved feet, but I feel that is offensive to the equine species. Surely people are more demonic than innocent horsies.

saddle
The word saddle has been around since the days of Old English, and it was one of the most common and useful objects in the days when horses roamed, well, everywhere. A saddle is the leather seat you throw on a horse’s back so you can ride it. Saddles are mainly associated with horses, but we do use ’em for other riding animals such as camels and ponies. Saddling has a broader place in our vocabulary too. If someone says «Saddle up,» there probably isn’t a saddle or horse within a country mile. This is just a folksy expression meaning, «Let’s go.» If you ride a horse with both legs on one side of the horse, you’re riding sidesaddle.

stable
The stable is the horse house: the building where horses are kept, each in their stall. This term, like so many parts of the horse lexicon, became a metaphor. Lots of non-equine groups can be referred to as stables. For example, an agent for a bunch of athletes, musicians, actors, or other talents could refer them as a stable. An old rare, expression is «to talk stable,» which the Oxford English Dictionary defines, no kidding, as «to talk of ‘horsy’ matters.»

equestrian
An equestrian is someone for whom, as the saying goes, this isn’t their first rodeo. Equestrians are expert horse riders. This can also be an adjective referring to horse-riding: an equestrian class would teach you how to saddle up.

farrier
A farrier is sort of the equine equivalent of a podiatrist: farriers look after the hooves of horses, keeping them in good shape. A farrier shoes horses if their feet need the extra support. This job takes a lot of skill, since there’s more to shoeing a horse than just slapping a horseshoe on their hooves: the metal has to be bent precisely to fit each hoof. Since horses are heavy—and they also have to carry people sometimes — they darn well need shoes that fit. You don’t hear much about farriers these days, since not many horses work for Uber or Lyft.

whinny
If you’ve ever heard a horse, you aren’t likely to forget it: a horse’s vocalization is as distinctive as a cow’s moo, a cat’s meow, or a person’s malarkey. The sound made by a horse is usually called a neigh or whinny. The whinny is a bit lower than the neigh, but if you use these words interchangeably, only the most nitpicky equestrians will complain.

Use these words often and with respect. Horses never asked to haul us around. The least we can do is get their words right.

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a basic glossary of equestrian terms that includes both technical terminology and jargon developed over the centuries for horses and other equidae, as well as various horse-related concepts. Where noted, some terms are used only in American English (US), only in British English (UK), or are regional to a particular part of the world, such as Australia (AU).

A[edit]

ace

Also ACP.

Slang for the drug acepromazine or acetyl promazine (trade names Atravet or Acezine), which is a sedative^[1]^[2] commonly used on horses during veterinary treatment, but also illegal in the show ring.

action

The way a horse elevates its legs, knees, hocks, and feet.^[3] Also includes how the horse uses its shoulder, humerus, elbow, and stifle; most often used to describe motion at the trot, but sometimes applied to the canter or gallop.^[4] High action is a breed characteristic of Saddlebreds^[3] and other breeds used in Saddle seat or certain harness disciplines.

aged horse

An older horse. Originally referred to a horse with a «smooth mouth», generally eight years old or older,^[4] but modern use varies. Term may refer to an animal seven years old or older,^[5]^[6]^[7] eight or older,^[8] nine or older,^[9] or ten or older.^[10] In horse racing and in some horse shows, an aged horse is one over 4 years.^[11] In some contexts, an aged horse is older than 16 to 20 years of age.^[8]^[12]

aging

The process of estimating a horse’s age by inspecting its teeth.^[11]

agistment (AUS)

Letting out pasture to horse (or other livestock) owners.^[12]

agister (UK)

An official of the New Forest Verderers who controls grazing on the Forest by New Forest Ponies and other livestock.

AI

See artificial insemination.

aids

Signals from the rider or driver to the horse that tell the animal what the handler wants it to do. Generally broken down into two varieties, natural and artificial. Other divisions are possible.^[12]
Natural aids include the hands, seat, weight, legs and voice^[13]
Artificial aids, which extend, reinforce, or substitute the natural aids; include items such as bits, whips, spurs, and martingales.^[14]

airs above the ground, airs

Movements in haute ecolé or «high school» classical dressage, where the horse leaves the ground with two or four feet in response to the rider’s commands. Made famous by the Lipizzan horses at the Spanish Riding School, the airs include the levade, capriole, croupade, courbette, and ballotade. Sometimes called «school jumps».

amateur

An individual who exhibits horses but is not paid money or other compensation. The opposite of a professional.^[15]

amble

B[edit]

balk, balking (US, UK) or baulking (UK): When a horse refuses to move.^[23] Multiple causes, including disobedience, fright, and pain or injury. See also napping and «jib»

barefoot, unshod: When a horse does not wear horseshoes.^[24]

bearing rein, overcheck or checkrein

A strap running from a horse’s back, over the head, to a bit, to prevent the horse from lowering its head beyond a fixed point. Used with harnessed horses.^[25]
A riding aid where the rein is applied to the horse’s neck on the side towards the turn. Opposite of a neck rein.^[26]

bell boot: A type of protective boot worn by a horse.^[27]

billet (US), girth strap, girth point (UK): A leather strap with punched holes, permanently attached in sets of two or three on each side of the tree of a saddle, used to hold and adjust the girth that holds on most types of saddle. See also latigo.

bit: An object, usually a metal bar, placed into the mouth of a horse, held on by a bridle and used with reins to direct and guide the animal. Occasionally made of other materials, including rubber.^[28] May be solid or jointed and may have rollers or other attachments added, usually in the center.^[29]

black type: Bold-face type used in advertisements and sales catalogues to distinguish horses that have won or placed in an approved stake race. Winners receive upper case black type; second and third placed finishers have lower case black type.^[30]

bloodhorse, blood: A purebred Thoroughbred or Arabian.^[31]

blowing, blow: A sound made by a horse by sharply exhaling through flared nostrils. The blowing sound is not as long or loud as a snort, and may be produced with the head lowered. Most of a sound energy is below 3 kHz and most are audible within 30 metres. Horses may blow when curious, meeting another horse, shying or working.^[32] The term is also used when a working horse allowed to pause and catch its breath, or «let him (or her) blow».

blue hen: A mare who consistently produces high-quality foals, many of whom go on to become champions. Commonly used in reference to horse racing breeding where mares may be awarded honors such as the Kentucky Broodmare of the Year.^[33]

bolting

When a horse suddenly runs away, with or without a rider.^[34]
When a horse eats its feed too rapidly.^[35]

bone

A term of art in equine conformation to describe the quality of certain skeletal structures.

«Good» or «poor» bone: technical terminology referencing the size and density of bone of the lower leg, which helps determine the weight carrying ability of a horse.^[35]
The characteristics of the lower leg as a whole, including the cannon bone as well as associated tendons and ligaments. «Flat» bone describes a positive feature where the tendons of the leg stand well away from the cannon bone, «tied-in» bone describes the negative characteristic of the tendon placed too close to the bone.^[31]

botfly, bot: A parasitic fly that lays its eggs on the legs, muzzle, and jaw of horses. The eggs are licked off by the horse and once ingested, hatch into maggots, called bots, which infest the animal by attaching to the stomach lining. The eggs may be scraped off with a bot knife or similar tool.^[36]

bowed tendon: An enlarged tendon along the cannon bones, often resulting from heavy work.^[37]

box stall (US): See loose box

boxwalking (UK): An example of a horse Stereotypy (non-human) exhibited in horses left in a stable, where they repetitively walk around the confines of the stable.^[38] See also Weaving

branding: Marking a horse (or other animal) by burning the skin with a hot iron, or alternatively with a frozen implement (freeze branding). The skin may be balded, or the hair may grow back in a depigmented color.^[39]

breeching: A wide strap around the rear of a horse, to hold a saddle in position or to allow a harnessed horse to pull back on the shafts or pole of a vehicle to slow it.^[40]

breeder: The breeder of a foal is the owner of its dam at the time of foaling. The person designated as the breeder may not have had anything to do with planning the mating of the mare or be located where foaling occurs.^[41]

breeding

The pedigree of an animal
Horse breeding, or the selective breeding of animals.^[42]
A type of horse show competition where horses are led, not ridden. See in-hand.

breed registry: See stud book

bridle: Headgear placed around the head of a horse that holds the bit in place in a horse’s mouth, including reins, used to direct and guide the animal.^[43] Sometimes used to refer to the entire piece of equipment, including headstall, bit and reins.^[42] Headstalls that do not have a bit are called either a bitless bridle^[44] or a hackamore.

bronc or bronco: Originally an unbroken feral horse, now primarily a word for the horses used in rodeo bronc riding events, where the horse tries to buck off a rider.^[45] May describe any undisciplined horse, especially one that bucks. See also outlaw.

broodmare: A mare that is used for horse breeding.^[46]

broodmare sire: See damsire

brothers-in-blood: Horses either by the same sire and out of full sisters, or out of the same dam and sired by full brothers.^[47]

bucking: A behavior where the horse lowers its head and rapidly kicks its hind feet into the air.^[48] At liberty, seen as an expression of excess energy or high spirit, under saddle is generally considered a disobedience, except in sports such as the rodeo sports of Saddle bronc and bareback riding, where the horse is deliberately encouraged to attempt to dislodge its rider.

bumper pull: A horse trailer style that is pulled by a hitch attached to the frame of the towing vehicle near the bumper.^[49] Contrast with gooseneck below.

bute: Common term for Phenylbutazone, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to control pain and swelling in horses. Some racing commissions and showing authorities restrict its use prior to competition in order to reduce the risk of injury to horses.^[49] It is banned in most endurance riding competition.

by: Describes the relationship of a horse to its sire, in the context of its pedigree. A foal is by its sire and out of its dam.^[50]^[51]

C[edit]

cannon or cannon bone: The third metacarpal or metatarsal bone of the lower leg. Sometimes called the shin bone, but actually analogous to the bones in the human palm or foot. In equines, is a very large bone and provides the major support of the body weight of the horse. The term cannon may also encompass the soft tissues as well as the second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones, called splint bones which may form ossified bridges of bone, called splints which often form after trauma to the area.

canner (US): See also dogger

A horse of poor quality, referencing animals destined for slaughter.
Canner price: see meat money.

canter: A three-beat horse gait, with both front and rear legs on one side landing further forward than those on the other side – see lead below. In Western riding, the canter is known as a lope.^[52] The order in which the feet hit the ground varies depending on which legs are leading, but the gait begins with the outside hind, followed by the simultaneous landing of the outside front and inside hind, finished by the inside front. There is a moment during a canter when all four hooves of the horse are off the ground, known as the moment of suspension.^[53] A similar gait is the gallop (see below) which is performed at a higher speed, when the second beat is broken into two footfalls, making it a four-beat gait.

carriage

A two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, and used for carrying people.^[54]
The way a horse carries itself, especially the way it positions the head and neck.^[54]

cart

A two-wheeled vehicle pulled by one or more horses (or other animals).^[55]
(Informal, US) A small, light four-wheeled vehicle, usually with bicycle-style tires, used primarily for show ring fine harness competition, and upper levels of pleasure driving.

casting, cast

Casting (UK), throwing (US): forcing a horse (or other large animal) to lie down, allowing safe veterinary or other treatment. Usually done by an arrangement of ropes or straps.^[8]^[54]
Cast, the state of an animal laying down that is unable to get up. May be due to illness or injury. Also occurs when a horse in a box stall (loose box) rolls over against a wall, trapping its legs against the wall.^[54]

castration: The act of neutering, or «gelding» a male horse.^[56]

chef d’équipe: A person appointed to manage an equestrian team, generally at the state, national or international level.^[57]

chestnut

Chestnut (coat): A reddish-brown coat color with matching or lighter-colored mane and tail.^[58]
Chestnut (horse anatomy) :A callosity on the inside of each leg, thought to possibly be a vestigial remnant of the pad of a toe^[58] Not present on the hind legs of donkeys and zebras. See also ergot.

choke: A condition arising from blockage of the esophagus, most often linked to a horse eating too fast. A horse that is choking can still breathe, but cannot eat or drink.^[59]

chrome: Slang for eye-catching white markings on a horse, usually stockings or socks.^[59] Also used to refer to particularly flashy pinto or Appaloosa markings.

cinch: A wide flat girth made of mohair, reinforced felt, or an equivalent synthetic material used in conjunction with a latigo strap to secure a western saddle on the back of a horse.^[60]

clipping: Clipping the hair short on all or part of a horse. Different patterns have different names, such as harness clip, hunter clip etc.^[61]

clumper (AU): A half bred draught horse.^[62] Also see heavy hunter.

cluster mare (see also star mare): Dennis Craig’s term for a Thoroughbred brood mare whose descendants within six generations include at least two winners of at least five of the top eight English flat races (the five Classics, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, Eclipse Stakes, and Ascot Gold Cup).^[63]

coach (carriage): A carriage, usually closed and drawn by two or more horses.^[64]

coach house (UK/Ir), carriage house (NAm): A building used to keep a private carriage and horses, usually with accommodation for a groom, coachman or other servants above. Essentially a cottage or small house with stabling below.

cob

A stocky, rather small horse, or a large pony.^[65] Often a general description, but also applied to certain breeds such as the Welsh Cob.^[66]
A bridle size designed for horses with small or short heads. Usually keeps a long browband and throatlatch to accommodate the wide forehead and jowls of cobs and other horses with somewhat wedge-shaped heads, such as the Arabian or the Morgan.

cold-backed: A horse that arches its back and may buck slightly when first mounted.^[67]

cold-blood: Any of a group of equine types including draught horses and many ponies, characterized by a steady temperament, strength and stamina, but no great turn of speed. Refers to temperament, not literally to body temperature.^[68] See also hot-blood and warmblood.

colic: Any of a number of painful digestive disorders, usually characterized by intestinal displacement or blockage.^[69] A leading cause of death among domesticated horses.^[70]

colt: A young male horse that has not been gelded (neutered).^[71] For Thoroughbreds, a colt is under four years of age, in most other breeds and contexts, a colt is under three years of age.^[72] Sometimes used incorrectly to refer to any young horse.

combined driving: A driving competition that goes up to the international level. Individual events are offered for single horses and teams, and competition incorporates three distinct elements: Dressage, Cross-country Marathon, and Obstacle Cone Driving.^[71]

conformation: The shape and proportion of a horse’s body.^[73]

coronary band, or coronet: The area directly above the horse’s hoof: a ring of soft tissue just above the horny hoof that blends into the skin of the leg. Includes the bottom of the middle phalanx bone.^[74]

counter canter: A form of the canter where the horse is deliberately asked to canter on a curve with the outside leg leading, which is opposite of usual. Also known as galop faux, false canter, or counter lead. It is used to help build muscle and suppleness in a horse.^[75] See also lead.

coupling: The sunken area below the lumbar vertebrae or the horse’s back, behind the last rib and in front of the point of the hip. Ideally is to be as short as possible. The term is sometimes expanded to include where the lumbar region attaches to the sacrum.^[76]

covering: Mating in horses: a stallion is said to cover a mare.^[77] See also «natural cover» and «artificial insemination».

crib biting (UK) or cribbing (US): A stable vice where the horse grabs the edge of an object such as a stable door with its incisor teeth and arches its neck. More severe cases also suck air in simultaneously, and this is termed ‘windsucking’.^[38]

crop

Crop (implement): A stiff, short-handled whip seen most often in English riding.^[78]
All the foals sired in one year. Often used to refer to one particular stallions’ foals born in the year, but can also refer to a particular owner, an entire breed, or a region or worldwide crop.^[78]

crossbred: A horse that is a cross between two known breeds.^[76] Not to be confused with grade, below

croup: The topline and immediate underlying musculature of the hindquarters.^[79] Runs from the tail to the loin,^[78] and from the point of the hip to the point of the buttock.^[76]

crowhop (US): A mild form of bucking, a stiff-legged hop with a rounded back. Does not involve kicking up the back legs.^[80] See also pigroot.

crownpiece (US), headpiece (UK): The portion of a headstall that goes behind the horse’s ears.^{[citation needed]}

C/S/F or c,s,f (AU): Abbreviation for catch, shoe and float (transport), used in horse for sale advertisements to describe a horse with good ground manners. Usually expressed as good (or easy) to C/F/S.

curb

Curb bit: A type of bit that has bit shanks. It applies leverage pressure to a horse’s mouth when the reins are tightened. The degree of leverage depends on the length of the shank and the positioning of the bit mouthpiece on the shanks. Is used in conjunction with a curb chain or curb strap so that when the reins are tightened, pressure is also applied to the chin groove and the headstall applies pressure on the poll of the animal. generally characterized by a solid bit mouthpiece of varying designs,^[80] but may have a jointed mouthpiece, sometimes mistakenly called a «snaffle». (Compare to snaffle bit, below)
Curb (horse): Several possible types of lameness for which clinical signs include a swelling on the back of the lower leg.^[80] Any of a collection of soft tissue injuries of the distal plantar hock region.

D[edit]

daisy cutter: A horse that moves with long but low movement.^[81] Considered highly desirable in hunter-type horses.

dam: The mother of a horse.^[81]

dam line: See distaff, tail-female

damsire: The sire of the dam of a horse, analogous to the maternal grandfather in humans.^[81] Often known as the broodmare sire ^[82] or maternal grandsire.

diagonal

At a trot, the set of legs that move forward at the same are the «diagonal» pair.^[83]
When a rider posts while riding at the trot, they can rise either matching when the left or the right foreleg and opposite hind leg hits the ground. If they sit when the left foreleg strikes, they are on the left diagonal, if they sit when the right foreleg strikes, it is the right diagonal. When riding clockwise, the rider is to post the left diagonal, when riding counter-clockwise the rider is to post the right diagonal.^[84] In other words, when riding a circle, the rider sits when the outside front and inside hind legs are on the ground.

3. In dressage tests, a line crossing the center of the competition ring running from one end corner to the opposite end corner. The diagonal is also used in some driving competition as the route for competitors to safely change direction in a ring or arena when there are a large number of entries.

distaff: In racing, refers to female horses. Named for the distaff, a spindle used in weaving and traditionally associated with women.^[85] In pedigree charts, refers to the entire dam’s side of the pedigree.^[76]

dock

The muscular portion of a horse’s tail, where the hair is rooted. Sometimes refers only to the upper portion of this area, where the tail attaches to the hindquarters.^[86]
Docking: to cut a horse’s tail at the dock, seen most often on carriage horses to keep the tails from becoming caught in the harness.^[86] Traditionally referred to the practice of cutting the muscle and bone, though in modern use, sometimes refers only to the cutting of tail hair.

dogger (AU): An animal to be used for pet meat, or a buyer of cattle or horses to be used for this purpose.^[87]; see also Canner

Domestic Horse: Equus ferus caballus, the subspecies of the Wild Horse (Equus ferus) that has gone through the process of domestication.

dope, doping: To use a medication that is illegal or used in an illegal manner in order to improve a horse’s performance in either racing or showing,^[86] or, by an opponent, to harm an animal and cause it to perform poorly.

double-bank: To carry an extra person on a horse or pony.^[88]

draft horse (US) or draught horse (UK): Generic term encompassing many breeds of large, muscular, heavy horses developed primarily as farm or harness horses, used for plowing fields, pulling wagons, logging and similar heavy pulling work.^[89]

A cob performing dressage.

dressage

A classical form of horse training, involving the gradual training of the horse in stages.^[90]
An Olympic level equine sport based on classical principles of horsemanship, involving taking tests designed to gauge the training level of horses in classical dressage. Lower levels of dressage competition are organized by national equestrian organizations, but the higher levels, including the Olympics, are governed by the Federation Equestre Internationale.^[91]

drift: A New Forest term for the gathering of semi-feral ponies for marking, veterinary treatment or sale. See also muster, and roundup.

driving: Guiding and controlling one or more horses from behind, such as from a horse-drawn vehicle, behind a plow or other implement, when pulling logs, boats or other loads, or when long-reining (q.v.). Guidance is by long reins and voice, often using traditional commands characteristic of particular areas or cultures.^[92]

E[edit]

easy keeper (US) or good doer (UK)

A horse (or other animal) which needs relatively little food to maintain condition and may be prone to obesity.^[93]

English riding (US), riding (UK): The style of riding ubiquitous in the British Isles and other parts of northern Europe, and widely practised in other parts of the world, especially for disciplines such as dressage, show-jumping, cross-country etc. Characterised by use of a relatively flat saddle; the bridle usually has a cavesson-style noseband, with reins carried in both hands and generally used with steady contact with the horse’s mouth.^[94]

A horse and rider jumping in the cross-country phase of an eventing competition

equestrian

An individual familiar with horses and horse handling.^[95] It can also refer to someone riding a horse.^[96] The feminine form is Equestrienne.^[95]
referring to the management and use of horses.
The Equestrian order, an upper-class social rank of Ancient Rome, akin to the later knight.

equestrianism: Also called horsemanship, the art of handling horses, particularly the art of riding, but also applicable to driving and other disciplines.

equine: Any member of the genus Equus.^[96]

equitation

The skill of riding a horse.^[97]
A term for competitive horse show events judged on the rider’s ability instead of that of the horse.^[96]

Equus: The genus including the horse, donkey, zebra and all other surviving members of the family Equidae.^[98]

ergot

A small callosity on the back of the fetlocks of equines, often concealed by feathering (hair). Thought to be a vestigial remnant of the pad of the toe.^[99] See also chestnut.
A fungus of the genus Claviceps growing parasitically on the seed-heads of grasses, and so sometimes occurring in fodder eaten by horses. Contains large amounts of alkaloids, including ergotamine. These can cause ergotism, a serious condition affecting the nervous and circulatory systems, sometimes leading to permanent injury or death.^[99]

eventing or combined training: A sport horse discipline with competition that goes as high as the Olympic level. Includes three types of riding; dressage, cross-country and stadium jumping.^[96]

F[edit]

false martingale: A strap in horse harness passing from the collar, through the horse’s legs to the belly band, to hold the collar in position.^[100] Unlike a true martingale does not attach to the reins or head. See also martingale.

family: The direct line of female descent, also known as the distaff line or tail female. Thoroughbred families are numbered according to their taproot mares.^[101] See tail-female.

farrier

A professional hoof care specialist who does hoof trimming and who also uses blacksmithing skills to do horse shoeing.^[102]
Someone who treats all aspects of horse health.^[102]

feathering or feather: Long hair on the fetlocks of horses.^[103] Most horses have some feather, at least in their winter coats, but in some types (especially certain heavy draft breeds) it may cover the feet and even extend up the rear of the legs. The feather is centered on the ergot (q.v.) on the rear of the fetlock.

Fédération Équestre Internationale, International Federation for Equestrian Sports, or FEI: The governing body for most international-level equestrian competitions, including the FEI World Equestrian Games and the Olympics.^[103] It recognizes and governs ten disciplines: dressage, combined driving, endurance riding, eventing, horseball, para-equestrian, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, and equestrian vaulting. The FEI does not govern horse racing or polo.

feedbag, nosebag: A bag, containing food, that attaches to a horse’s head.^[104]

feral horse: Free-roaming horses that live in wild conditions, but are descended from domesticated ancestors – often erroneously called «wild» horses.^[105] The best-known examples are the American Mustang and the Australian Brumby, but there are many other populations worldwide. See also semi-feral horse (to which the term «feral» is often misapplied).

fetlock: The joint above the pastern.^[106] Anatomically, the metacarpophalangeal (front) and metatarsophalangeal (rear) joints of the horse, formed by the junction of the third metacarpal (forelimb) or metatarsal (hindlimb) bones (also known as the cannon bones) and the proximal phalanx distad (the pastern bone). Anatomically equivalent to the basal joint of a human finger or toe.

filly: A young female horse. Normally a horse under four years of age,^[107] but can also be used of a horse under three years of age.^[108] Any female horse that has had a foal is referred to as a mare, regardless of her age.^[107]

flank: The side of a horse

float

To rasp down sharp points that may form on horse teeth. Usually performed by a veterinarian or Equine dentistry specialist.^[109]
(Australasia) A horse trailer.

flying change: See lead change.

foal

A young horse of either sex under the age of one year.^[110] Derives from the Anglo-Saxon word fola.^[111] May be qualified by sex: colt foal, filly foal.
Foaling: the act of a mare giving birth.^[110]

foaling box (UK), foaling stall (US): A large loose box providing space and privacy for a mare about to foal.^[111] Minimum size is usually 14 feet (4.3 m) square. Often provided with a small window or peep-hole (or in modern times a closed-circuit camera or webcam) for the owner or groom to watch the progress of the foaling.

foal at foot (UK), foal at side (US): A suckling foal running with its dam.^[8]

form

In racing, the overall fitness of a horse to race. It includes factors such as how well it is currently working, what its breeding is, and how it has performed in the past.^[112]
In jumping, the style that a horse uses going over fences.^[112]
In equine conformation, the overall phenotype of the animal and its suitability for a given function.

founder: The most severe form of laminitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the laminae of the hoof. The third phalanx, or coffin bone rotates, often becoming deformed, and in severe cases, may puncture the bottom surface of the hoof.^[113] Severe cases may require euthanasia of the affected animal.^[70] A leading cause of death among domesticated horses, especially in breeds which are easy keepers (good doers).

foundation sire: A sire, or stallion, to which all members of a breed trace. Examples include the Byerly Turk, Godolphin Arabian, and Darley Arabian for the Thoroughbred breed; and Justin Morgan, aka Figure for the Morgan breed.^[112]

four-in-hand: A team of four horses with all their reins joined into one pair of reins, allowing one driver to control all of them.^[112] Also six-in-hand etc.

frog: A tough, rubbery, triangular part of the underside of a horse hoof that acts as a shock absorber for the horse’s foot and also assists in blood circulation of the lower leg.^[114]

from: See out of.

full board (US), full livery (UK): When a horse is kept at a stable other than that owned by the horse’s owner, when the owner pays for complete care of the horse. Usually includes all feed, the rent of the stall and pasture, and cleaning of the stall.^[114] Often includes access to a riding arena and in some places may even include daily turnout or exercise. Contrast with part-board, below.

full-brother, full-sister: Animals with the same sire and the same dam.^[47]^[115]

furlong: A unit of measurement in flat horse racing. Equals one-eighth of a mile or 220 yards (200 m).^[116]

futurity

A stakes race for two-year-olds where the owners nominate the horse before birth and then pay additional fees as the horse grows up to continue the ability to enter the horse in the race.^[116]^[117]
A horse show competition for horses of a specified age, where the owners nominate the horse either before birth or as a young foal and then pay additional fees as the horse grows up to continue the eligibility to enter the horse in the class at the proper time.^[116]^[117] Futurities exist for many different horse breeds and equestrian disciplines.

Five gaited

1. A horse with five gaits. ( walk, trot, canter, rack, slow gait) in saddle seat

G[edit]

gallop: The fastest natural horse gait. Like the canter, there is a moment during a gallop when all four hooves of the horse are off the ground, known as the moment of suspension.^[118] At racing speeds, the gallop differs from the canter in that it becomes an irregular four beat gait, rather than a three-beat gait: the second beat of the canter, where diagonal front and hind legs strike the ground simultaneously, is broken into two beats in very quick succession in the gallop. Used in the wild to escape predators, the gallop is the gait of the classic race horse.

Galloway

Horse type: Australian show horses standing over 14 hands and not exceeding 15 hands.^[119]
The Galloway pony, a now-extinct horse breed.^[118]

gait: The way a horse moves its legs is a gait.^[120] They are divided into natural gaits, which are those performed by most horses, and those that are either trained by humans or that are specific to a few breeds. The natural gaits are walk, trot, canter/lope, and gallop. Other gaits include the pace and ambling gaits such as the rack and single-foot.^[16]^[121]

gaited horse: A horse that performs intermediate-speed ambling gaits other than the trot, or in addition to the trot.^[16] Several horse breeds are considered gaited, including the Peruvian Paso, Paso Fino, Saddlebred, Missouri Fox Trotter, and Tennessee Walking Horse.^[122]

gelding: A castrated male horse of any age.^[123]

get: The offspring of a stallion.^[123] See also produce.

girth: Wide, flat strap made of leather, canvas, cord, or similar synthetic materials, used in conjunction with billets at each end to secure most types of English and Australian saddles to a horse’s back.^[123] See also cinch.

glass eye, wall eye: A blue eye on a horse.^[124] There is no difference in vision between a blue-eyed horse and a horse with the more common brown eye.

good doer: See easy keeper.

gooseneck

A type of horse trailer that attaches to a gooseneck hitch, a ball placed in the bed of a pickup truck above the axle, rather than a hitch at the rear of the vehicle. The hitch connects to the underside of a long extension, or «gooseneck», that extends from the front of the trailer.^[125] Compare to «bumper pull», above.

grade: A horse that has only a small amount of recognizable breeding,^[124] or none at all. Generally an unregistered and unregisterable animal.^[125] Not to be confused with crossbred, above.

Grand Prix: In equestrianism, the highest levels of either show jumping or dressage, generally governed by the rules of the FEI. The title is also given to some horse races.

green: A horse or rider that is either untrained or has just started training.^[126]

green-broke: A horse that has just begun its training and is inexperienced with riders.^[127] Usually references horses that have been ridden under saddle a few times, less often applied to harness horses.

groom: An employee who looks after horses.^[128] Also ostler or hostler (archaic).

grooming: Cleaning horses for hygienic, practical or esthetic reasons.^[128]

groundwork

To exercise or work a horse without a rider, controlling it from the ground.^[129]
In jumping, training a horse without jumping over fences.^[129]

H[edit]

hack

A mediocre but useful horse.
An informal ride, usually for leisure or exercise (alsohacking or hacking out).^[130]
Show hack, a type of horse show competition, usually emphasizing obedience and excellent movement.

hackamore: A type of headgear that utilizes a noseband or a bosal for control instead of a bit.^[131]

half-breed

A type of crossbred horse whose sire and dam are from different breeds.^[132]
(UK) A horse whose sire or dam is Thoroughbred, but the other parent is not. Such a horse is not eligible for registration in the General Stud Book, but can be registered in the Half-Bred stud book.^[132]

half-brother, half-sister: Two horses with the same dam. Two horses with the same sire are simply said to be by the same sire.^[133]

halter: 1a.(US) A device placed on the head of an equine for the primary purpose of leading or tying the animal;^[134] See also head collar.; 1b.(Australasia and UK) A rope headpiece with the lead rope attached; or a rolled leather headpiece of the same pattern used for leading and showing horses with refined heads.^[135]^[136]; 2. A halter class in a horse show is a competition where the horses are led, not ridden, and judged on their conformation.^[134] Also called in-hand or breeding classes.

hand: A measurement of the height of a horse. Originally taken from the size of a grown man’s hand but now standardized to 4 inches. The measurement is usually taken from the ground to the withers. If expressed with a period and number after it, the number represents additional inches, so 15.3 hands («fifteen-three») would be 15 times four inches, plus three inches – that is, 63 inches (160 cm). Abbreviated «hh»^[137] for «hands high» or simply «h».

hand gallop: A controlled gallop, with a speed between that of a canter and a full gallop. Derives from the fact that the gallop is under control of the rider’s hand.^[137] Often used to show a horse’s ground-covering stride in horse show competition.

hard keeper (US), poor doer (UK)

A horse (or other animal) which needs a relatively large amount of food to maintain condition.^[138]

haute école, high school: The most advanced form of dressage, wherein the horse performs the most difficult movements such as pirouette, passage, piaffe and one-tempi lead changes. In classical dressage, includes the airs above the ground as the final step in training.

harness: A type of horse tack placed upon a horse or other animal in order to hitch it to a cart, plow (UK: plough), wagon or other horse-drawn vehicle.^[139]

harness racing, trotting races: The sport of racing horses in harness, pulling a very light single-person cart called a sulky. The horses usually trot or pace.^[140]

hayloft, hay loft: A floored space above a barn or stable where hay is stored,^[141] often being fed through hatches in the floor directly into hay-racks in the animal enclosures below. The hayloft door is a high-level hatch (usually in a gable wall), through which hay could be loaded directly from a wagon.

head-collar (Australasia and UK): A device placed on the head of an equine for the primary purpose of leading or tying the animal;^[142]^[143] See also halter and headstall.

head-shy, headshy: A horse which is reluctant to have its head touched or handled, making it difficult to groom and tack up.^[144]

headstall, head stall

The portion of a bridle that consists of the straps that go over the horse’s head and under the throat, excluding the noseband, used to hold the bit in place.^[145]
An alternate name for a head collar (UK).

heavy

A rider who uses too much rein pressure is said to have «heavy» hands.^[144]
In racing, a track that is between muddy and good, in other words one that is drying out.^[144]
A draft horse is sometimes called a «heavy» horse.

heavy hunter: A heavily built hunter, typically bred by crossing a Thoroughbred with an Irish Draught (in UK) or any other suitable draft horse breed (in US). Also see clumper.

Hendra virus or henipavirus: A deadly disease to which both humans and horses are susceptible.^[146]

hinny, hinney^[147]: A sterile hybrid that is the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey.^[147] Generally considered less desirable than a mule, though has a similar appearance and characteristics.^[148] Bred less often than mules because the offspring are smaller than mules and female donkeys are less fertile with stallions than mares are with male donkeys. Also occasionally known as bardot or jennet.^[149]

hitch

The object attached to a vehicle to allow a trailer to be attached and pulled.^[150]
To fasten a harnessed horse to a carriage or other horse-drawn vehicle.^[150] (BI: Put to).
To tie or tether a horse to a stationary object such as a post to keep it from wandering.^[150]

hitch and hop

A carriage driving term when one horse of a pair momentarily breaks its trotting stride to realign its gait to trot in synchronisation with the other horse creating a harmonised pair, in a ‘hitch and hop’ movement.

hobble: A strap or other device placed around the pastern of the leg to prevent a horse (or other livestock animal) from wandering far,^[150] usually by linking two or more legs together. A «half-hobble» attaches to only one foot, with the other end usually attached to a rope called a picket line.

hock: The tarsal joint of the equine hind leg, located midway between the horse’s body and the ground.^[151] Anatomically corresponds to the ankle and heel of the human, but in horses is located much farther from the ground.

Prehistoric cave painting of a horse from the Lascaux caves

horse

Wild Horse: Equus ferus.

a. Tarpan or Eurasian Wild Horse: Equus ferus ferus.

b. Domestic Horse: Equus ferus caballus.

c. Przewalski’s Horse: Equus ferus przewalskii.
In some circumstances, may refer to members of that species that are taller than 14.2 hands high.^[152]
A male horse, particularly an uncastrated male horse.^[153]

horse blanket, blanket (US), rug (UK), sheet: A body covering made for horses that covers the animal’s body from chest to rump, usually kept on the horse by buckles at the chest by buckles and by adjustable straps passing under the belly and sometimes around the hind legs. Heavier weight blankets assist in keeping the animal warm in cold weather, lighter weight designs are used in warm weather to deter insects and to keep the sun from bleaching out the horse’s coat.^[153] Blankets may also have hoods or neck coverings added for additional protection of the animal.Compare to Saddle blanket, Numnah.

horse-drawn boat

horsecar,: A tram pulled by a horse

horse meat: The meat of equines, eaten in many cultures, but taboo in others.

horse passport: A document required in European Union countries for every equine animal, including a detailed description of the animal and a record of whether it is intended for human consumption. May be linked to a microchip implant.

horse power (hp): A unit of power, originally used to compare the power of mechanical devices to that of a draft horse. Roughly equivalent to the normal sustained power output of one horse – however the maximum power of a horse is much more than one horsepower.^[154] A metric horsepower equals approximately 735.5 watts,^[155] and an imperial horsepower (or imperial horsepower) equals approximately 745.7 watts.^[156]

horse racing: The sport of racing horses,^[154] a major industry in many parts of the world. Racehorses are usually Thoroughbreds (or Arabs) ridden at the gallop, but other breeds are also raced, and horses or ponies may also be raced at the trot or pace, when they are usually in harness (see harness racing).

horseshoe: A curved bar attached to the underside of the wall of the hoof, to prevent wear and provide grip.^[154] Usually made of steel and nailed to the hoof, but may be of aluminum or other materials, and may be glued on. Usually used on all four hooves, but sometimes only on the front, or not used at all (see barefoot).

horsiculture (UK): An informal term in UK land use planning, referring to land used intensively for keeping recreational horses, often with many small paddocks and numerous field shelters.^[157]

horse trailer (US), horse van, horse box (UK), horse float (Australasia): A trailer or van designed to carry horses.^[158]

hostler (NAm), ostler (UK/Ir): Archaic term for a horse groom.^[159] (See groom, above)

hot-blood, hot-blooded: Horses descended from oriental horse or «eastern» blood, such as the Arabian horse, Barb, Turkoman horse,^[160] and related breeds. Usually includes the Thoroughbred.

hunt seat (US): Classic form of English riding, particularly seen in hacking, trail riding, jumping.^[161]

hunter: Show hunter (US), hunter (US) or working hunter (US and UK): A type of horse and horse show competition judged on its movement, manners, and way of going, particularly over fences. A hunter should be graceful and keep a long frame on the flat and while jumping fences.^[162]; Field hunter (US), hunter (US, UKI): a horse used for fox hunting. Subdivided by weight: heavy hunter, light hunter etc.; Show hunter (British): a competition for horses that are shown on the flat, not to jump.

I[edit]

in-hand

1. An in-hand class is a type of horse show competition, where the horse is led, rather than ridden, and judged on its conformation and movement.^[163] See also halter, breeding.

2. Leading, as opposed to riding, a horse.^[163]

3. In racing, a horse that is not running at top speed.^[163]

Intermediare I, II

Also Intermediate I, II

The second and third of the four levels of international dressage competition governed by the FEI, falling between Prix St. Georges and Grand Prix.

irons

Also stirrup irons.

A type of stirrup made entirely of metal, seen on Australian stock saddles, English or racing saddles.^[164]

J[edit]

jack

An uncastrated male donkey or ass.^[165]

jading (UK)

Deliberately causing a horse to balk (stop) by means of an unpleasant-smelling substance.

jennet

1. A small, gaited horse of the Middle Ages, developed originally in Spain, used as a riding animal.^[166] Also called a Spanish jennet.

2. A female donkey.^[166]

jenny

A female donkey.^[165] Occasionally called a jennet.^[166]

jib (AU)

To refuse to go forwards, backwards or sideways as required by the driver or rider.^[87]

jockey

The rider of a horse in horse racing.^[165]

jog

A slow trot that is moderately collected, usually ridden without posting. Most often seen in western riding.^[167]

jump

A horse jumping over an obstacle

Applied to horses, may refer to a horse jumping over an obstacle, or may refer to action where the horse simply leaps into the air, such as bucking, crowhopping, or pronking. Less often, applied to certain airs above the ground.

2. An obstacle, particularly one used in competition.

jumper

A horse that jumps, particularly in competition.^[167]

K[edit]

kimblewick

Also kimberwick, kimberwicke.

A type of mild curb bit,^[168] named after the English town of Kimblewick.

knacker

A person who disposes of livestock animals unfit for human consumption, such as sick or injured horses.^[169]

knee

The joint of a horse’s front leg between the cannon and the forearm. Anatomically equivalent to the human wrist.^[169]

L[edit]

laminitis: Inflammation of the sensitive laminae of the hoof.^[170] Possibly linked to metabolic disturbances,^[171] often associated with obesity or ingestion of excess starches or sugars.^[172] Causes lameness and severe pain. Treatable if caught early, but in its most severe form, known as «founder», may require euthanasia of the affected animal.

latigo: Soft, flexible strap made of leather, attached to a heavy ring on a saddle tree, used to attach a cinch to a western saddle. Modern latigo usually has holes punched for a cinch buckle. On older saddles the latigo had no holes and the cinch was secured to the saddle with the latigo tied in a latigo hitch or girth hitch, a variation of the cow hitch. See also billets.^{[citation needed]}

A horse on the right lead

lead

Lead (leg): the leading legs of the horse at the canter and gallop. The front and hind legs on one side of the horse appear to land in front of the other set of front and hind legs when the horse travels. On a curve, a horse is generally asked to lead with the inside legs, though there are exceptions to the general rule, such as the counter canter.^[173] See also lead change.
Lead (tack): a lead rope, lead shank or leading rein. A flat line or rope attached to a halter and used to lead the animal when the handler is on the ground.^[174]

lead change, change of leg: The act of a horse changing from one lead to the other. When performed at a canter or gallop, it is a «flying change». When the horse is dropped to a slower gait and then asked to canter again but on the opposite lead, it is a «simple change». Performing a flying change with every stride is an advanced dressage movement known as a one-tempi change, tempi changes, or informally, «onesies».

leader: Any of the horses in a team which are ahead of the shafts or pole.^[175] Can only pull the vehicle, not slow it. See also wheeler.

live foal guarantee: A guarantee that a bred mare will have a living foal from a breeding to a stallion. Usually offered by the stallion’s owner and allows the mare to be rebred if for some reason the resulting foal is stillborn or is not living.^[176]

Liverpool bit: A type of adjustable curb bit used for horses in harness, allowing the horses in a team to be driven with the same rein tension.^[177]

livery stable, livery yard

An establishment providing livery (UK) or boarding (US) for horse-owners – care, stabling or pasture, depending on type.^[178]

loose-box (UK), box stall (US): An enclosed area within a stable where a horse may be left untethered (loose). Minimum size is usually 10 or 12 feet (3.0 or 3.7 m) square up to about 14 feet (4.3 m) square.^[179] Contrast with tie stall, a smaller enclosure where the animal is kept tied or tethered. See also stall.

longeing (US), lungeing (UK, Australasia, US)

To work or train a horse at the end of a long rope or flat line (typically about 30 feet (9.1 m) in length), teaching it to obey voice commands and exhibit good ground manners, and to exercise it when not ridden (for reasons of youth, age, infirmity, trainer desire, etc.).^[180]

long-reining, long-lining, line driving: Driving a horse while walking behind or to the side of it, controlling the animal by use of very long reins. Used for training, both for riding and driving.^[181] For a riding horse, the stirrups are often used as makeshift terrets to keep the reins from trailing on the ground.

lope (US): A form of the canter seen in western-style riding; a three beat gait, performed at a relatively slow speed.^[182]

loriner (UK): A maker of metal parts for harnesses, bridles, spurs, and other horse apparel.

M[edit]

mare

A mature female horse, usually four years of age or older. Also denotes any female horse that has given birth, regardless of her age.^[183]

mare line

See tail-female.

markings

Generally refers to white markings on the horse’s face, legs, and sometimes the occasional body spot on an otherwise solid-colored horse.^[160]

meat-money (UK)

Also canner price (US).

The lowest price likely to be paid for an equine, equivalent to the value of an animal to be sold by the pound and slaughtered for horse meat.

martingale

N[edit]

napping (UK)

Compare balk, jib.

When a horse is disobedient and refuses to go forwards,^[189] sometimes also bucking or kicking. A horse which does this habitually is said to be nappy.

natural cover

Also live cover.

The process of breeding horses through natural biological means without use of artificial insemination or other assisted reproductive technology.^[13] The only method of breeding allowed for the Thoroughbred horse breed.

near side

The left side of a horse. The traditional side on which all activities around a horse are done or start to be done.^[190]

neck rein

Compare bearing rein.

Turning a horse by touching the reins to the side of the horse’s neck. The horse turns away from the rein pressure. Particularly useful when riding one-handed.

neigh

Also whinny.

A sound made by a horse. Generally a loud noise, described as a squeal followed by a nicker. Often is heard when a horse is looking for another horse or a person,^[191] sometimes used to call out to unseen animals.^[192]

nicker

Also whicker.

A soft noise made by horses, the horse makes a vibrating sound with its mouth closed using the vocal cords. Often used as a greeting to humans or other animals, the softest version used by a mare communicating to her foal. Louder versions may be heard when a stallion is communicating with a mare.^[191]

night horse (AU)

A quiet horse with good night vision that is used to patrol cattle at night, when droving.^[87]

numnah (UK)

A saddle pad used beneath the saddle to protect the horse’s back, often shaped to fit the saddle rather than being rectangular. May be fairly thin, or well padded (in which case often made of sheepskin)^[193]

O[edit]

off side: The right-hand side of a horse.^[194]
on the bit: A horse who is flexed at the poll, moving forward well, holding the bit without fuss, and is responsive to the rider.^[195]
on the bridle: Of a horse in a race, when it is being kept at a steady speed on a tight rein to avoid tiring it early in the race. When sprinting for the finish, the horse will usually be allowed to run off the bridle, with the reins quite loose.
on the buckle: In English riding, holding the reins very loose, literally only holding the reins by the buckle that joins the reins together.^[195]
ostler
out of: Describes the relationship of a horse to its dam, in the context of its pedigree. A foal is by its sire and out of or from its dam.^[196]
outline diagram
outlaw: A horse that is vicious or cannot be handled by humans.^[197]

P[edit]

pace

A two-beat, lateral gait where the front and hind legs on the same side move forward at the same time.^[198] Difficult to ride, but the fastest of the intermediate gaits, particularly seen in harness racing and the «flying pace» of the Icelandic horse.
In horse racing, may refer to the speed of the leaders of a given race,^[199] i.e. «setting the pace» or «off the pace».
The speed of a horse or, as a verb, to regulate the speed of a horse, particularly over distance.
A group of asses, also known as a passe.^[199]

paddock

A fenced enclosure where horses are kept.^[198]
In racing, the location where the racehorses are mounted before a race and unsaddled after a race.^[198]

pair: Two draft animals side-by-side.^[200] Often the same animals will always be worked the same way around. See team and tandem.

parrot mouth: A congenital malformation of the upper jaw where the incisor teeth protrude beyond the lower jaw. Sometimes known as overshot.^[201]

pastern: The segment of the leg between the fetlock and the coronary band.^[202] Anatomically, two short bones, the proximal phalanx and the middle phalanx.

pedigree

The known and documented lineage of an animal.^[203]
The written pedigree chart outlining the lineage of an animal.

performance class: A category of horse show classes where horses are exhibited in harness or under saddle and judging is based on how they perform the tasks asked of them. May also refer to equitation classes, where the skill of the rider is judged. Contrast to a halter class which is judged solely on the horse’s conformation.^[204] Compare Halter, «in hand»

phenotype: The outward appearance of an animal, in contrast to genotype, the genetic inheritance of an animal.^[205]

pigroot or pigjump (UK and Australasia): A milder form of bucking^[206] See also crowhop.

pinhooking: The practise of buying young horses with the specific intention of reselling them for a profit. In the UK, typically refers to buying Thoroughbred weanlings and yearlings.^[207]^[208]

place

In horse racing, a placed horse is one that finishes second in a race (NAm),^[209] or in the first three places (AU/NZ/UK),^[210]^[211] A place bet is a bet that a horse will place.[193] In the (UK/Ir) place bets may be pay up to fourth place if there are 16 or more runners in a race.^[212]^[213]
In horse shows, any award ranking,^[209] particularly one other than first «place», usually second through fifth or sixth place.

plug: A common horse of no particular value.^[214]

point coloration, points: The tail, edges of the ears, mane, and lower legs of a horse. Used in determining the color of a horse.^[215]

points of a horse: Collective term in horse anatomy for the external parts of a horse, such as crest, withers, shoulder, cannon, etc.

pointing: Resting a foreleg; indicating soreness in that leg or foot.^[216]

pole

A single rigid bar extending from the front of a vehicle, being held between a pair of horses (or other draft animals). Allows the animals to steer and slow the vehicle.^[215] See also shafts.
Poling, the practice (usually illegal on horse show grounds) of deliberately hitting the legs of a show jumper while it is in the air over a fence, said to make it fold up its legs and jump higher.^[217]

pony

In common use, a member of the species Equus ferus caballus of a horse breed that typically matures shorter than 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm). Individual animals of breeds that typically mature over this height may still be called «horses» even if under the cutoff height.^[218] In some parts of the world, the cutoff is at 14 hands instead of 14.2.^[219]
Biologically, may be used to define small horses that retain a pony phenotype of relatively short height heavy coat, thick mane and tail, proportionally short legs, and heavy build regardless of actual mature height.
For competition purposes, depending on organizational rules and local tradition, may also be used for an adult horse of any breed of 14.2, 14.1, or 14 hands or less at the time of competition.^[218] The International Federation for Equestrian Sports, which uses metric measurement, defines the official cutoff point at 148 centimetres (58.27 in) (just over 14.2 h) without shoes and 149 centimetres (58.66 in) (just over 14.2½ h) with shoes.^[220]
Leading one horse while riding another.^[218]
A horse used in the sport of polo.^[218]

poor doer: See hard keeper.

posting, rising to the trot: To rise up out of the saddle and then gently sit back down in rhythm with the horse’s motion while it is trotting.^[221] Posting the trot is generally more comfortable for both rider and horse. See also Diagonal.

Prix St. Georges: The first of the international competitive dressage levels in FEI competition. It is followed by Intermediare I, Intermediare II and Grand Prix. Levels below Prix St. Georges, though common in local and national-level competition, are not recognized by the FEI. The terms used for these lower levels and number of levels available vary from nation to nation.

produce: The offspring of a mare.^[222] See also get.

pulling: Trimming the mane or tail by pulling out the longer hairs.^[223]

purebred: An animal with documented parentage recognized by a breed registry as being descended in all lines from recognized foundation bloodstock and free of admixture of breeding from lines outside those of the breed in question.^[224] Not to be confused with Thoroughbred, which is a specific breed of horse with very strict standards for purebred status.

purse: Prize money in a competition, horse show class, or race.^[223]

putting to (BI), hitching (NA)

Attaching a harnessed horse to a vehicle.

Q[edit]

Quarter Horse

Also American Quarter Horse.

The Quarter Horse is well-suited for the western disciplines.

A popular stock horse breed, especially in North America, noted for ability to work with cattle and compete in related competitive events requiring both short bursts of intense speed and agility. Also raced at distances of a quarter mile or less, from whence the name originates.^[225]

quirt

Short-handled, flexible, weighted whip, of braided leather or rawhide.^[226] Used by some Western-style riders.

R[edit]

rearing: When a horse rises up on its hind legs.^[227] If performed while being handled by humans, is usually considered a severe, dangerous disobedience. Occasionally, horses are trained to rear on command for uses such as film or circus work. Rearing may occur while an animal is loose, being ridden, or while being handled by a human from the ground.^[227]

registration papers, registration certificate, papers, pedigree papers: Documentation provided by a breed registry that verifies the breeding and ownership of an animal.^[228] Usually includes a pedigree chart and an outline illustration indicating horse markings. Some organizations may include a photograph of the animal.

ridgling, rig

A male horse with one or more undescended testicles (a cryptorchid), or one which is incompletely castrated (deliberately or accidentally).^[229] If both testicles are not descended, the horse may appear to be a gelding, but will still behave like a stallion.^[230] See also stallion, gelding.

ring sour (US): A horse that exhibits competition burnout through undesired behavioral problems, including a disinterest in work,^[231] reluctance to move forward, pinned back ears, a twisting or wringing tail, or overall disobedience in the ring.

rising: See posting.

rein: Item of horse tack, attached as a pair to either side of a bit in the horse’s mouth, used to direct or guide a horse for riding or driving.^[228]

roller: See surcingle.

roundup: The gathering of horses or other livestock in the American West.^[232] See also muster, drift.

rug (UK, Australasia): see horse blanket

S[edit]

saddle

A device placed on the back of a horse or other equine, where the rider sits, designed to support and stabilize a rider. Comes in two main varieties, a stock saddle (western or Australian designs), and flatter types, known as English in the United States, which are used for jumping, dressage and racing.^[233]
A part of a horse harness placed on the back, forming an attachment point for several other harness parts, taking the weight of the shafts or pole.^[233]

saddle blanket: Often a wool or synthetic blanket, but informally may also refer to felt, fleece, or other padding that is placed between the horse and a saddle to protect the horse’s back.^[234] Some types of English saddles are designed so that they do not mandate use of a blanket to protect the horse, but use of one helps keep the underside of the saddle clean and may prevent saddle sores on the horse.

saddle pad (US)

Padding placed under the saddle, shaped fully or partially to complement the outline of the saddle. See numnah^{[citation needed]}
Rectangular padding, usually at least an inch thick, placed under a western saddle to provide more protection and support than a saddle blanket.

saddle seat

A form of English riding popularized in the United States for riding gaited horses and other breeds where high, flashy, action is encouraged, notably the American Saddlebred, Morgan horse, and Arabian horse.^[235]
The style of saddle used for this discipline, also known as a park saddle, lane fox, or cutback. Is designed to set the rider farther back on the horse, not intended for jumping.

sand roll: A stall or yard covered with deep sand, which is used by horses to roll in after exercise.^[236]

semi-feral horse: Domesticated horses or ponies allowed to roam freely, but owned by individuals and rounded up from time to time. Examples include New Forest, Dartmoor and Exmoor ponies in their native locations, stock horses on many ranches in the American west, and some modern Iberian horses in Spain and Portugal. Herds often consist only of mares (with or without suckling foals), but stallions may be turned out in the mating season, with weanlings (especially colts) removed for sale in the autumn. The term may also refer to «bachelor herds» of young colts or geldings that are not old enough to be placed under saddle, or retired geldings too old to ride. See feral horse.

shafts: A pair of rigid bars extending from the front of a horse-draw vehicle, attached to the sides of the horse (or other draft animal).^[237] Allows the animal to steer the vehicle, to slow it, and in the case of a two-wheeled vehicle, to hold it level. Used for a single animal, for the rearmost of several animals in tandem, or sometimes to act as poles between three horses abreast (a troika). See pole.

show

In US horse racing, the horse that comes in third in a given race. Also a bet that a horse will finish third or better.^[238]
A horse show, a competitive event or series of events where horses are judged in a wide variety of ways depending on breed, discipline and part of the world.^[238]

show jumping

Also stadium jumping; a competition that goes as high as the Olympic level, where the horse is judged on the number of obstacles it clears on the course in a given round and the speed at which it completes the course. When a course is not timed, or in the event of a tie, the height of obstacles is raised in each successive round, most notably in puissance competition, until there is a winner.^[238]^[239]

shuttle stallion: A stallion who is regularly transported between the Northern and Southern hemispheres in order to cover mares during both breeding seasons.^[240]

shying: When a horse jumps in fright, usually at a sudden movement or an unfamiliar object.^[241]
side saddle, sidesaddle

A form of riding where a (normally female) rider sits with both legs to the near side of the horse, rather than with legs astride.^[242]
A saddle designed for the above style of riding

silhouette, outline diagram

A standard set of diagrams of an individual horse showing its identifying features, including markings and the locations of all its hair whorls. May form part of a horse passport, or of registration/pedigree papers, or both.^[243]

sire: The father of a horse.^[244]

smooth mouth: Older horses who have worn the indentations or «cups» from their incisors, which usually occurs by about the age of eight.^[245]

A snaffle bit with a jointed mouthpiece and «eggbutt» style bit rings

snaffle bit: A type of bit that applies direct pressure to the horse’s mouth, i.e. a bit without leverage.^[246] Generally considered the mildest type of pressure, though severity can vary depending on the type of bit mouthpiece used. The most common style of snaffle bit has a jointed mouthpiece, but the term refers to a direct pressure bit with any type of mouthpiece, solid or jointed.^[246] Term sometimes is incorrectly used to refer to a curb bit with a jointed mouthpiece. (Compare to curb bit)

snort: A loud harsh sound emitted when a horse holds its head high and forces the breath violently through the nostrils with the mouth shut. The snort lasts about one second and is most commonly heard in horses when they are startled.^[247]

sound: Technical terminology used to describe a healthy horse.^[10]

sour: A horse that is grumpy and unhappy when being ridden. Usually happens through too much work.^[248]

splints

Ossification of the second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones, which often form after trauma to the area. Often an unsoundness when newly injured, may ossify into blemishes with no effect on soundness, depending on location.^[249]
Splint bones, the second and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones, thought to be vestiges of the toes possessed by prehistoric equines.^[249]

sport horse: General term for a type of horse bred or trained for use in the international and Olympic equestrian disciplines of eventing, dressage, jumping. In some cases may also include hunters and horses used in combined driving.^[250]

stable

A building in which horses are kept (also sometimes other livestock).^[250] In UK usage, also the space for one horse within a larger building.^{[citation needed]}
A group of horses owned by one individual or group.^[251]

stable hand (US), stable lad/lass (UK)

A groom employed to look after horses, especially for horse racing.^[252] «Lad» and «lass» in this context do not imply youth.

stable vices: Any of a number of repetitive or nervous behaviors seen most often in horses kept in confinement.^[250] Usually attributed to boredom and insufficient exercise, though temperament may also play a role. Stable vices include cribbing, weaving, wood chewing, wall-kicking and similar behaviors.^{[citation needed]}

stagecoach: A large coach pulled by horses used in former times as public transport. A team of four or more horses would be used, being changed at regular intervals–»stages»–for a fresh team.^[252]

stall (US), stable (UK)

An enclosure within a stable building in which an individual horse is kept.^[253] Two types, box stall (US) or loose box (UK) and tie stall (US) or stall (UK).^{[citation needed]}

stallion: A mature, uncastrated male horse, usually four years old and older,^[179] although sometimes refers to a horse three years of age or older.^[253] Other terms include entire, stud, stud horse, full, full horse, stone horse, stock horse, or bull.^[179]

star mare: As cluster mare, except that descendants will have won three or four of the top eight races, rather than five or more.^[63]

stirrup: Paired small light frames or rings for receiving the foot of a rider, attached to the saddle by a strap, called a stirrup leather. Used to aid in mounting and as a support while riding.^[254]^[255] In UK usage and for English riding in some US regions, the term «stirrup» includes both the metal frame, or iron, and the stirrup leather, the strap used to suspend the iron from the saddle. In western riding, the term «stirrup» refers only to the frame, which on a western saddle is often made of wood covered with leather. See also iron.

stock horse

A horse used to herd and manage livestock on a ranch or station.
Generic term encompassing the horse breeds found in the American west that were developed for handling cattle.^[256]
The Australian Stock Horse, a specific horse breed.
Any horse used for various competitions that are based and judged on cattle handling or agility skills such as reining, cutting, campdrafting or similar events.

stock saddle: Several designs of a heavier style of saddle with a deep, secure seat, usually with flared pommels and a high cantle. Designed to help keep the rider seated when a horse makes rapid turns or stops, such as when working livestock.^[257]

An Australian stock saddle seen more often in the Southern Hemisphere.
A western saddle, seen more often in the United States.^[257]

stride: The distance from the imprint of a forefoot until the same foot hits the ground again.^[245]

string: The race horses being trained by an individual horse trainer. Sometimes used to refer to any group of horses trained or used by a single entity for a particular purpose, such as a string of polo ponies, a «show string» of horse show entries, or a pack string.^[258]

stringhalt: A nervous disorder in horses, causing a jerking movement, a higher-than-natural gait, of one or both hind legs, as if stepping over an invisible object.^[188]^{[page needed]}^[201]

stud

An establishment where pedigreed horses are bred.^[259]
At stud, a stallion being kept for breeding.^[260]
(US) Informal and technically incorrect term for a stallion.

stud book

(Also breed registry) a list of horses of a particular breed whose parents are known.^[259] An open stud book allows parents of different breeds, as long as the horse conforms to the breed standard or meets other criteria, and is often used when establishing new breeds. A closed stud book requires both parents to be in the book, with lineage traceable to the foundation bloodstock. The thoroughbred breed is an example of a closed stud book. Many warmblood breeds such as the Oldenburger have an open stud book with animals approved for registry via a studbook selection process.
A list of stallions of a particular breed «standing at stud», that is, actively being bred.
(UK) Another term for the General Stud Book, the stud book for Thoroughbreds in the United Kingdom and Ireland.^[259]

substance: Assessment of the overall muscularity of a horse, width and depth of body and quality of bone.^[261]

suckling, suckling foal: A young foal that is nursing, not yet weaned from its mother.^[260]

sulky: A lightweight, two-wheeled cart for one person pulled by a single horse (or sometimes a pair). In earlier times used as a fast, showy form of transport, but now usually limited to harness racing, when it is often made extremely lightly, with bicycle-style wheels.^[262]

surcingle

Surcingle (NAm, UK/Ir), roller (UK/Ir, Au/NZ). A piece of training equipment which goes around the barrel of the horse.^[263] Usually padded at the top,^[264] and buckles around the horse. Often has rings placed at various locations for attachment of reins, a crupper and/or an overcheck. Specialized designs also used in equestrian vaulting.
A long unpadded strap that passes around the barrel of a horse. One design is placed over a saddle and is fastened with a buckle, used on racing, polo and Australian stock saddles.^[264] Other designs are used to hold on certain styles of horse blankets.

T[edit]

tack: All the equipment that horses wear, such as saddles, bridles, harnesses, halters, and other horse care equipment.^[265]

tack room: A store where tack is kept.^[266]

tail-Female, mare line, dam line, bottom line: The single line of mares, from the dam to maternal granddam, maternal great-granddam and so on. Usually shown on the bottom side of a pedigree chart.^[261] Corresponds in biology to mtDNA.

tandem: A draft animal arrangement with two or more animals in single file, the rearmost (the wheeler) in shafts.^[267]

team: Several animals pulling a vehicle. Arranged in various configurations, most commonly as a pair (two side by side), in tandem (two or more in single file), a four (two pairs) or a six.^[268] More rarely other arrangements such as three or more abreast, a troika (three abreast with shafts between), a «pickax» (three abreast with a pair of wheelers behind) or a «unicorn» (a single animal in front of a pair of wheelers).

Thoroughbred: When used as a proper noun, refers to a specific breed of horse, best known as a race horse.^[269] Occasionally used as a non-proper noun to mean purebred.

three-quarter brother/sister: Horses out of the same dam, by stallions that are (maternal) half brothers,^[270]^{[page needed]} or a father and son.^[271]

three-quarter brother-in-blood/sister-in-blood: Horses by the same sire, and out of half-sisters, or out of a mother and daughter.^[272]^{[page needed]}^[273]

three-quarter genetic brother/sister: Horses who share one sire, and the same maternal grandsire (damsire).^[272] Put simply, horses that share three grandparents.^[274]

tie stall (US), stall (UK)

A small, rectangular enclosure in a stable, approximately 6 feet (1.8 m) wide by 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3.0 m) long, where an animal is kept tied up.^[275]

topline

The area on a horse that runs from the poll to the dock.^[276]
On a pedigree chart, the paternal side of the ancestry, which is given on the top of the chart.^[277]

transition: The change from one gait to another.^[278]

tree: The underlying solid structure or frame of a saddle, which is covered with leather.^[10]

trap, pony trap

A light two-wheeled vehicle.^[278]

trot: A diagonal, two-beat, intermediate-speed horse gait.^[10]

trotting races: See harness racing

twitch: A tool used to restrain and calm a horse by twisting a cord or chain around its upper lip.^[279]

typey: Slang for a horse that conforms to its breed standards, or type.^[279]

U[edit]

unshod
unsound: A horse with significant lameness or other health problems.^[10]

V[edit]

Vanner

A powerfully built type of horse used for light draught work, such as pulling a commercial van.^[280] May be applied to particular breeds, such as the Gypsy Vanner horse (US)/Coloured Cob (UK).

veterinarian

Also veterinary surgeon, vet.

Doctor of veterinary medicine, an individual who is trained to provide medical care to horses and other animals. Specialists who work with horses are known as equine veterinarians. Professional acronyms: DVM, VMD, MRCVS.

vice

A horse exhibiting the vice of crib biting. It is fitted with a specialized neck strap designed to discourage this behavior.

A habit making the horse difficult to work or keep, such as biting, kicking or bucking. Includes (but is not limited to) stable vices.^[281]

W[edit]

A Przewalski’s horse, the only truly wild horse in existence today. All other free-roaming horses are feral animals.

wagon, waggon (UK)^[282]: A four-wheeled vehicle pulled by one or more horses or other draft animals. Usually used for carrying loads.^[282]

walk: A four-beat gait, the slowest of the natural horse gaits.^[283]

warmblood: A descriptive word for many middle-weight sport horse types and breeds, most originally developed in Europe by the crossbreeding of draft or heavy harness horses on light horse breeds such as Thoroughbreds or Arabians. «Warm» refers to its origin as a cross of a cold-blood, and a hot-blood – it does not relate to body temperature.^[284]

weanling: A foal that has been weaned from its mother, but is less than one year old.^[284]

weaving (US): A habit, considered a stable vice, developed by some horses kept for long periods in a stable, in which the horse repetitively sways side to side, shifting weight and moving its head and neck back and forth.^[284] See also Boxwalking.

western riding

A style of riding characterized by use of a western saddle and a bridle without a noseband.^[285] Riders generally have a fairly long stirrup, sit rather than post the trot (hence a slower trot, called a «jog» is generally desired in the western horse) and, on a finished western horse, reins are usually carried one-handed by the non-dominant (usually left) hand and, with minimal or no contact with the horse’s mouth. The finished animal is usually ridden in a curb bit and turned by use of the neck reining technique. Inexperienced or «green» animals are usually ridden two-handed in either a snaffle bit or a bosal-style hackamore.
Western riding (horse show): A competition seen as some horse shows where a horse in western equipment is required to perform a pattern that incorporates elements of reining, trail and western pleasure.^[286]

wheeler: One of the pair of horses closest to a horse-drawn vehicle (next to the wheels).^[287] The only horses in a team able to slow the vehicle, by pulling back on the pole. Also the rearmost of a team in tandem. See leader.

whicker: See nicker

whinny or whinney: See neigh

whorl: A circular arrangement of hairs, usually on a horse’s neck. Their location is one means of horse identification.^[288]

wild horse: Horses that have no domesticated ancestors.^[289]^[290] Currently the only wild horse in the world is the Przewalski’s horse.^[290] The only other true wild horse to survive into historical times was the tarpan. All other free-roaming horses today are feral horses, descended from domesticated ancestors. The Domestic Horse, Equus ferus caballus, is a subspecies of the Wild Horse.

win: In horse racing, the horse that comes in first in a given race. Also a bet that a horse will come in first.^[289]

X[edit]

Xenophon: Ancient Greek cavalry officer, historian and political philosopher who wrote a manual, On Horsemanship (Ἱππαρχικὸς ἢ περὶ ἱππικῆς) describing humane methods for the training of horses,^[291] circa 350 BC. Sometimes called the «father of classical horsemanship».

Y[edit]

yearling: A horse that is between 12 and 24 months of age.^[292]
yellow horse: (Western US) Slang for a palomino.

Z[edit]

zebroid or zebra mule: Hybrid offspring of a zebra crossed on another equine, term includes the zorse, zony and zedonk.

Notes[edit]

^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 3
^ «Sedation for horses». Horsecentral. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26.
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 3–4
^ ^a ^b ^c Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 97
^ Stratton International Horseman’s Dictionary p. 7
^ Summerhayes Encyclopaedia for Horsemen p. 3
^ Delbridge Macquarie Dictionary p. 30
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Miller Practical Animal Husbandry
^ «USEF General Rules» (PDF). United States Equestrian Federation. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e «Dictionary of horse terms». Horses and Horse Information. American Horse Rider Magazine. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved August 17, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 5
^ ^a ^b ^c Belknap Horsewords p. 8
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 332
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 26
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 7
^ ^a ^b ^c Lieberman, Bobbie. «Easy-Gaited Horses». Equus, issue 359, August, 2007, pp. 47–51.
^ Hart-Poe, Rhonda. «Staccato Beat! Gaits of the Paso Fino». Gaited Horse, web page accessed August 2, 2007 at «Staccato Beat». Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2009-11-03.
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 13
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 23
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 10–11
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 11
^ Measuring StallionPerformance Archived 2010-05-26 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2010-10-9
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 37
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 40
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 100
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 19
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 20
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 52
^ Price, et al. Whole Horse Catalog pp. 149–156
^ The Racing Game: Thoroughbred Terms Archived 2009-05-22 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2009-9-26
^ ^a ^b Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 98
^ Waring Horse Behavior p. 199
^ «What is a «Blue Hen» Mare?». Remote Horse Rider Training. 5 March 2020. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 60
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 26
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 27
^ Ensminger Horses and Horsemanship p. 413
^ ^a ^b «Understanding horse behaviour». PetPlan Equine. Archived from the original on 2011-02-04.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 28–29
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 29
^ Montgomery, E.S, «The Thoroughbred», Arco, New York, 1973 ISBN 0-668-02824-6
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 70
^ Oxford English Dictionary, [bridle]
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 53
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 31
^ «Definition of BROODMARE». Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 28 June 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 75
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 32
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 33
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 34
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 81
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 37
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 87
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 38
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 91
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 39
^ «NSW Dressage Chef d’Equipe: Position Description» (PDF). Dressage New South Wales. Retrieved 2013-08-03.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 42
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 43
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 44
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 109
^ Goode, Angela, Great Working Horse Stories, Allen & Unwin, ISBN 978-1-74237-088-0
^ ^a ^b
Craig, Dennis (1964). Breeding Racehorses from Cluster Mares. London: J A Allen.
- Montgomery, Edward Samuel (1971). The Thoroughbred. Arco: New York. pp. 398–399. ISBN 978-0-668-02824-0.
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 110
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 47
^ Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 100
^ Ensminger Horses and Horsemanship p. 415
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 112
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 47–48
^ ^a ^b Ensminger Horses and Horsemanship pp. 230–231
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 48
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 114
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 50
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 121
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 123
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 102
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 125
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 54
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 130
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 55
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 58
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 137
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 61
^ 2009 United States Equestrian Federation Rulebook, Rules EQ 113, 119 Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine Accessed September 24, 2009
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 62
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 63
^ ^a ^b ^c Goode Angela, “Great Working Horse Stories”, ABC Books, Sydney, 1995, ISBN 0-7333-0377-3
^ Wilkes, G. A., «A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms», Oxford University Press, USA, 1996, ISBN 0-19-553798-X
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 151
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 65–66
^ Whitaker, et al Horse pp. 148–151
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 66
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 161
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 71
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 169
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 72
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 72–73
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 173
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 174
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 179
^ Wicks Australian Racehorse p. 14
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 180
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 76
^ Foster-Harris, William (2007). The look of the old West. New York: Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 79. ISBN 9781602390249.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 77
^ Belknap Horsewords pp. 183–184
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 78
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 186
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 81
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 82
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 193
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 83
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 197
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 85
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 442
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 86
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 204
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 206
^ Summerhayes Encyclopaedia for Horsemen p. 133
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 88
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 205
^ «Breeds that Gait» Equus pp. 52–54
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 90
^ ^a ^b Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 104
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 92
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 93
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 220
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 94
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 95
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 224
^ Oxford English Dictionary, [hackmore] OED online edition.
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 226
^ Belknap Horsewords pp. 226–227
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 99
^ Stratton International Horseman’s Dictionary p. 92
^ Summerhayes Encyclopaedia for Horsemen p. 150
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 100
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 231
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 101
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 232
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 233
^ Stratton International Horseman’s Dictionary p. 94
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 102
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 103
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 235
^ «Hendra Virus Infection». Queensland Health. Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 2009-10-13. Retrieved on 2009-9-4
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 104
^ Edwards The Encyclopedia of the Horse pp. 328-329
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 242
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 105
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 244
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 107
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 249
^ ^a ^b ^c Belknap Horsewords p. 253
^ «Watts to Metric Horsepower | Kyle’s Converter». www.kylesconverter.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^ «Horsepower to Watts | Kyle’s Converter». www.kylesconverter.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^ «Development Control Practice Note: Horsiculture/Keeping Horses» (PDF). Gateshead Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 499
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 255
^ ^a ^b Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 105
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 260
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 109
^ ^a ^b ^c Belkap Horsewords p. 266
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 117
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 119
^ ^a ^b ^c Belknap Horsewords p. 275
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 120
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 122
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 123
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 125
^ West, Christy (2007-11-20). «Laminitis Conference Ramps Up the Fight Against Foot Problems in Horses». The Horse. Archived from the original on 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
^ Loving, Nancy S. (2009-04-01). «AAEP 2008: Causes of Laminitis». The Horse. Archived from the original on 2009-06-15. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 126
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 295
^ Belknap Horsewords pp. 294–295
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 301
^ Belknap Horsewords pp. 301–302
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 302
^ ^a ^b ^c Belknap Horsewords p. 457
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 130
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 304
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 131
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 134
^ Price Whole Horse Catalog pp. 158–159
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 136
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 139
^ Belknap Horsewords pp. 326–327
^ ^a ^b Delbridge Macquarie Dictionary 2nd ed
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 330
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 143
^ ^a ^b «Equine Sounds». Sport Polo.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 144
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 147
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 150
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 151
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 152
^ Belknap Horsewords pp. 349, 410
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 156
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 353
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 157
^ ^a ^b Summerhayes, R.S., Encyclopaedia for Horsemen, p. 241, Warne & Co, New York, 1966
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 360
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 160
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 161
^ «AQHA General Glossary». American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
^ Delbridge Macquarie Dictionary, 2nd ed., p. 1341
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 370
^ Williams, Sam (June 1, 2003). «Bred and Butter». New York Post.
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 163
^ Summerhayes Encyclopaedia for Horsemen p.246
^ Delbridge The Macquarie Dictionary, 2nd ed., p. 1352
^ «Place Betting». Archived from the original on 2009-09-19. Retrieved 2009-09-24. Example of UK/Ir place-bet definition.
^ «British Horseracing Board». Archived from the original on 2004-04-07. Retrieved 2009-09-24. Example of UK/Ir place-bet definition.
^ Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 106
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 375
^ Summerhayes Encyclopaedia for Horsemen p. 247
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 164
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 165
^ Belknap Horsewords pp. 378–379
^ «PONY MEASUREMENT 2007 30 January 2007 » Explanation of Article 3103.1, FInternational Federation for Equestrian Sport Web site, Accessed October 7, 2009 Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 166–167
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 169
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 170
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 389
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 7–8
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 393
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 177
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 178
^ Delbridge, et al. Macquarie Dictionary p. 1511
^ «When is a gelding, not a gelding?». Horse & Hound Magazine. Horse & Hound. 2008-08-05. Archived from the original on 2008-03-05. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
^ Belknap, p. 407
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 183
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 186
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 418
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 187
^ Veterinary Dictionary: sand roll Archived 2011-08-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2010-1-7
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 433
^ ^a ^b ^c Belknap Horsewords p. 438
^ Whitaker, et al. The Horse pp. 160–171
^ «Shuttle Stallions Do Double Duty». Equinews. Kentucky Equine Research. November 2, 2002. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 194
^ «definition of «sidesaddle»«. Merriam-Webster.com. Archived from the original on 2010-02-20.
^ «Getting and using a horse passport». direct.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 195
^ ^a ^b Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 107
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 196–197
^ Williams, Jennifer. «Equine Behavior Questions and Answers». Jennifer Williams. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 198
^ ^a ^b Santos, Frank. «Splints and Splint-Bone Fractures in Horses». Rodeo. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 200
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 455
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 456
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 201
^ Merriam-Webster Online, «Stirrup», definition 1.
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 203
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 204
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 464
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 468
^ ^a ^b ^c Belknap Horsewords p. 469
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 206
^ ^a ^b Edwards, «Taming the Terminology», p. 108
^ Lyons, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary pp. 206–207
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 207
^ ^a ^b Summerhayes Encyclopaedia for Horsemen p. 318
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 210
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 479
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 481
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 483
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 213
^ Napier “Blood Will Tell”
^ Sydney Easter Yearling Sale, 1987, lots 72, 236 and 406, William Inglis & Son, Randwick
^ ^a ^b de Bourg “Australian and New Zealand Thoroughbred”
^ Sydney Easter Yearling Sale, 1987, lots 311, 326 and 393, etc., William Inglis & Son, Randwick
^ Ensminger Horses and Horsemanship p. 414
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 493
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 497
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 216
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 218
^ ^a ^b Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 221
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 514
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 228
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 521
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 230
^ ^a ^b ^c Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 231
^ Belknap Horsewords p. 527
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 233
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 234
^ Delbridge, Arthur, The Macquarie Dictionary, 2nd ed., Macquarie Library, North Ryde, 1991
^ ^a ^b Belknap Horsewords p. 531
^ ^a ^b Whitaker, et al. The Horse p. 24
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 239
^ Price, et al. Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary p. 241

Sources[edit]

Belknap, Maria (2004). Horsewords: The Equine Dictionary (Second ed.). North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. ISBN 1-57076-274-0.
«Breeds that Gait». Equus (359): 52–54. August 2007.
de Bourg, Ross (1980). The Australian and New Zealand Thoroughbred. West Melbourne: Nelson. ISBN 0-17-005860-3.
Delbridge, Arthur; et al. (1991). The Macquarie Dictionary (Second ed.). Sydney: The Macquarie Library. ISBN 0-949757-63-2.
Edwards, Elwyn Hartley (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse (1st American ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 1-56458-614-6.
Edwards, Gladys Brown; Mary Jane Parkinson (2006). «A Touch of the Terminology or Taming the Equine Lexicon» reprinted in: Gladys Brown Edwards: Artist, Scholar, Author. Cambria, California: Arabian Horse World. pp. 97–108. ISBN 978-1-929164-38-7.
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Miller, William C (1959). Practical Animal Husbandry. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
Napier, Miles (1977). Blood Will Tell. London: J.A. Allen & Co.
Price, Steven D.; Shiers, Jessie (2007). The Lyons Press Horseman’s Dictionary (Revised ed.). Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-59921-036-0.
Price, Steven D.; Spector, David L..; Gail Rentsch; Burn, Barbara B. (editors) (1998). The Whole Horse Catalog: Revised and Updated (Revised ed.). New York: Fireside. ISBN 0-684-83995-4. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Stratton, Charles (1978). The International Horseman’s Dictionary. Melbourne: Lansdowne Press. ISBN 0-7018-0590-0.
Summerhayes, RS (1966). Encyclopaedia for Horsemen. London & New York: Warne & Co.
Waring, George H. (2003). Horse Behavior. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications. ISBN 0-8155-1484-0.
Whitaker, Julie; Whitelaw, Ian (2007). The Horse: A Miscellany of Equine Knowledge. New York: St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 978-0-312-37108-1.
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Источник

Horse Gear Terms

Equestrian Gear Terms

Terms for a Horse’s Physique

Other Words for Horses

English Riding Terms

General Horse Terminology

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