One word for one who has no money

• #1

It’s correct if I say I don’t have no money?

I heard somebody to say it.

• #3

It should be «I don’t have any money» or «I have no money», though sometimes in informal situations you may hear people say «I don’t have no money».

• #5

This is the so-called conversational grammar when people, esp. the less educated ones, often almost deliberately twist the grammar rules to make their speech sound more informal. However, you, as a foreign student, should beware of using these because in your case it will be most likely considered a mistake.

• #6

It’s correct if I say I don’t have no money?

I heard somebody

to

say it.

Unfortunately, this is the kind of sentence that will immediately get you branded as «less educated,» «uneducated,» or a «foreigner.» You really should avoid deliberate grammar errors if you want to learn to speak English well. Besides, in AE, it would be much more common to say/hear, «I ain’t got no money,» so this isn’t even common «bad grammar.»

• #7

Is it correct

if I say, «I don’t have no money?»

I heard somebody to say it.

It’s incorrect if you want to sound as though you have learned correct English.

• #8

So, if is incorrect to say I don’t have no money, why some people are still saying it?

Joelline, why did you wrap my word ‘to’? Its incorrect using to? why?

• #9

So, if is incorrect to say I don’t have no money, why

are

some people

are

still saying it?

For the same reason that you just put «are» in the wrong place. Lack of knowledge, fluency, education, etc.

• #10

So, if is incorrect to say I don’t have no money, why are some people still saying it?

Setwale, why did you wrap my word ‘to’? Is it incorrect to use «to»? why?

Some people say it because they don’t care about correct grammar. It separates the educated from the uneducated, which is rather disappointing. And, yes to is not correct in that sentence. «To say» is the infinitive form. Since there is no helping verb, you have to conjugate the verb, and «to» is removed. I know, there is very little conjugation in English.

I also corrected some of your mistakes in the quoted sentence.

• #11

It was I who barred out the word «to» in your sentence «I heard somebody to say it» because the verb «to hear» in English is not followed by an infiinitve.

To answer your question about why people use incorrect expressions, the answer would be the same for English or Spanish-speaking people: Why do some native Spanish-speakers speak Spanish incorrectly? I’d say they do this either because they don’t know any better or because they are defying convention or because they want to be a part of a group which also does this or for some other mysterious reason.

• #12

So, if is incorrect to say I don’t have no money, why some people are still saying it?

Because they are uneducated, don’t know any better, don’t properly understand English grammar etc. This mistake is made on both sides of the Atlantic, but it is wrong.

«I don’t have ANY money» is correct.

I hope this helps.

• #13

Joelline, let me see if I get your rule…

In a sentence if you use the word hear, you can’t use an infitive?

Example I heard my mom say it. Is it correct?

That rule is just with the verb hear? or we have more?

• #14

Joelline, let me see if I get your rule…

In a sentence if you use the word hear, you can’t use an infitive?

Example I heard my mom say it. Is it correct?

That rule is just with the verb hear? or we have more?

I heard my mom say it.
I made my mom say it.
I saw my mom do it.

I told my mom to say it.
I asked my mom to say it.

Some verbs use «to». Others don’t. I don’t know what the rule is.

• #15

Somebody knows the rule?

It would be helpful.

Thanks

• #16

Somebody knows Does somebody know

the rule?

It would be helpful.

Thanks

I heard you scream.
I saw you laugh.
I felt you shake.

These verbs have to do with the senses. You don’t do anything. You simply see, hear or feel something.

I ordered you to stop.
I asked you to stop.
I told you to stop.
I caused you to stop.

Now you are causing something to happen, or you are attempting to do so.

This is an examption:

I made you stop.

No «to» with «make».

I hope someone else will be able to give you a better set of rules.

• #17

I hate when I make mistakes…

So If the verb in present tense does not need ‘to’ in the sentence, is the same if the verb is in past tense, right? and in past participle?

Did you make those rules? or they really exist?

• #18

So, if is incorrect to say I don’t have no money, why some people are still saying it?

Most of the people who say I don’t have no money and I ain’t got no money do so simply because it is grammatically correct in their dialects. There is no important difference between the two sentences: They simply represent two different nonstandard grammars, and it may well be that there are dialects where both statements would be grammatical.[1])

Some of the people who say I don’t have no money and I ain’t got no money have adopted that way of speaking as a form of slang. Fans of rap music, for example, may adopt hip-hop slang, in which negative concordance (also known as the double negative) is acceptable.

Those are the most common reasons, and probably explain the speech of the people you heard. Note, however, there are at least two other possibilities.

Some people who say I don’t have no money and I ain’t got no money do not have English as a mother tongue and learned English not in school, but directly from working-class speakers of a nonstandard grammar.

Finally, I would expect that some people who learned English as a second language in school would use negative concordance from time to time because it is used in their mother tongue and then carries over into their English.

Note:

[1] In The Red Green Show, the character named Red Green refers to one recurring segment of the show as If it ain’t broke, you’re not trying. So many people expect nonstandard grammar to always use ain’t that on their Web sites they report that Red says If it ain’t broke, you ain’t trying, but he doesn’t. Now, Red Green is a fictional character, but, as I indicated above, I would not be surprised at all if some people’s nonstandard grammar accepts both the ain’t negation and the not negation, sometimes even in the same compound sentence.

• #19

I think mplsray explains it very well.

• #20

An aspect that has not yet been touched on is that is some circles (particularly of the youth culture) correct pronunciation and grammer are seen as elitist and are frowned upon.

People speak in the accepted local dialect (unless they are foreigners, or from a different region)
A newsreader can dress down and walk the streets of any rough neigbourhood, but he will be seen as a victim whenever he speaks unless he too adopts the local slang.

Rod

Photo credit: ©Getty Images/Stas_V

We come before the Father, and believe—“Nothing in me or of me I bring, but here, I come claiming Christ. You have said that You will accept me through Him. And you do.”

For anyone who would believe, God has given us the right to become one with the Son—to become His children (John 1:12). He gives the right to buy—it is all grace. He enacts the oneness through His power—it is all grace. We receive the One whose righteousness and goodness satisfied God’s wrath and satisfied needy us—it is all grace. And He pervades us with His perfect holiness, goodness, and righteousness so that we are acceptable to the Father—it is all grace.

In Christ, then, we become wealthy in our spirits. We don’t claim our works for our standing before the Father, but Christ’s. We come to our Lord for more and more, coming again and again in our need. “I claim Christ, once again!” And we eat. “I claim Christ again today.” And we have the riches of God as our own. “I thirst.” And we come to the waters of God by which we are given our reason to never thirst again.

Have we been drinking from other wells? God tells us to seek Him, to return to Him:

If you are alive to read these words as one who has been far from the Lord, you are beckoned to return. Have you misused a decade of your life, or a lifetime? He will abundantly pardon. Have you wasted countless opportunities to return to Him, and overlooked His warnings? He will yet have compassion.

Does this grace make no sense to you? Then trust that His ways are not yours; his ways are higher. His grace is incalculable by human means. Believe Him, believe that His Word is true—He cannot lie—and call upon Him while He is near. Forsake your wicked way. Turn from your unrighteous thoughts. Forsake and turn in favor of Christ, high and lifted up—your King of glory, who may in this day be found. Have faith in Him.

Cast aside your means of empty earnings. Come to the waters. Buy with an empty bank account and without any contribution or work. Open your hands before Him with faith in Jesus Christ, and He will grant you right to buy—that you may eat and drink.

Matthew Henry writes,

“We must buy the truth, not that we may lay it by to be looked at, but that we may feed and feast upon it, and that the spiritual life may be nourished and strengthened by it. We must buy necessary provisions for our souls, be willing to part with any thing, though ever so dear to us, so that we may but have Christ and his graces and comforts. We must part with sin, because it is an opposition to Christ, part with all opinion of our own righteousness, as standing in competition with Christ, and part with life itself, and its most necessary supports, rather than quit our interest in Christ. And, when we have bought what we need, let us not deny ourselves the comfortable use of it, but enjoy it.”[1]

So come that your soul may live in the abundance of Jesus; he who has no money, come and buy.

Photo credit: ©Getty Images/kenzaza

Lianna Davis is author of Keeping the Faith: A Study in Jude and Made for a Different Land: Eternal Hope for Baby Loss. She and her husband, Tyler, live outside of Dallas, Texas and have two dear daughters.

Money Makes the
World Go Round

UNIT 1

Section 1 Warming-up

Money, money,
money…

1.1 Money is
something that we can’t do without. We need money to pay our bills, buy
necessities and desirables, to enjoy pleasures of holidays and  to have many
other pleasant things. Money makes our life more comfortable and exciting, it
gives us many advantages and a certain  power over other people.

1.2 But there’re
different ways how people can get money, some of them are honest, others are
rather dishonest. Arrange the expressions given below into the table. Try to
add some more expressions into the list.

To
run one’s own business, to let a flat, to sell drugs, to take bribes, to win in
a lottery, to inherit a fortune, to earn one’s living working as a doctor /
teacher, to steal and sell expensive things, to rob people of their property,
to do illegal business, to launder money, to borrow money from a bank, to marry
a rich person, to ask rich relatives for money, to get a regular salary, to
sell counterfeited goods, to avoid paying taxes, to get social benefit,

Honest ways	Dishonest ways

1.3 Now listen to
the song “Money” the words of which are presented here. Say what ways to become
rich are mentioned in it. Are these honest or dishonest ways? What would a girl
do if she were rich? What do you think of the girl and her dreams?

I work all night,
I work all day,

to pay the bills I
have to pay

Ain’t it sad

And still there
never seems to be a single penny left for me

That’s too bad

In my dreams I
have a plan

If it got me a
wealthy man

I wouldn’t have to
work at all,

I’d fool around
and have a ball…

Money, money,
money must be funny

In the rich man’s
world

Money, money,
money always sunny in the rich man’s world

Aha-ahaaa all the
things I could do

If I had a little
money, it’s a rich man’s world

A man like that is
hard to find

But I can’t get
him off my mind

Ain’t it sad

And if he happens
to be free

I bet he wouldn’t
fancy me

That’s too bad

So I must leave,
I’ll have to go to Las Vegas or Monaco

And win a fortune
in a game, my life will never be the same…

Money, money,
money must be funny

In the rich man’s
world

Money, money,
money always sunny in the rich man’s world

Aha-ahaaa all the
things I could do

If I had a little
money, it’s a rich man’s world

Section 2 Reading

Some young people from
the USA, England and Scotland were asked the same question. This is what they
think of  money. Read their opinions and say whether all of the  young people
are pragmatically-oriented.

Carlotte Nicklas,
16

Falmouth, Maine,
USA

In
America, money is considered important by many people. Expensive clothes, cars,
houses and vacations are highly valued by many. Different teenagers have
different attitudes concerning money – some consider having a lot of money a
major goal, while others could not care less. Teenagers are strongly influenced
by what others wear and do, so it can be nice to have money to be able to “keep
up” if it’s important to you.

Many
teenagers get after-school jobs or work on week ends and during the summer to
earn extra money and to have working experience. There are many job
opportunities for teenagers, including being a waiter or waitress, working at a
store, especially that sells clothing, being a camp counselor, and
baby-sitting.  With the money they earn, a lot of teenagers go out with
friends. Going to movies, bowling, eating out, playing pool, shopping and going
to amusements parls or festivals and fairs are only a few of the many options
an American teenager has. Cars are another expense in the lives of many
teenagers. Most teens can get their driving licenses when they turn sixteen.
Buying your own car is very expensive, but even if you drive your parents’ car,
gas, insurance, repairs and maintenance add up to a tidy sum.   

To
most teenagers, money is something to be spent wisely and many shop at outlets
for clothes and some buy used cars to save money. But having fun with your
friends, at price or not, is more important.

Marni Duncan, 19

Lerwick, Shetland,
Scotland

I
have not yet realized the importance of money as Shetland is generally a
wealthy area and we do not want for things.

I
have a Saturday job in a local shoe shop which pays £ 2.00 an hour, which is very low compared to what my
friends get. However, I usually have enough money to buy clothes, jewelry and
accessories.

Money
doesn’t really affect what I do, although facilities such as our local sports
center can be expensive, but as I hate all types of sport it doesn’t really
matter to me.

Most
of the money I earn gets spent on Saturday night, on taxis, alcohol and getting
into discos and nightclubs. Right now, I am trying to save money for a shopping
holiday but it is proving difficult. Once I have money, I always end up
spending it on unnecessary items which I could easily do without!

I
think that Britain is quite a wealthy country but the money tends to be
unevenly spread. There are many families living in poverty. No one in Shetland
is really poor. The majority of people live comfortably due to the money we
receive from the oil and fishing industries.   

Christy
Wilson, 17

Centreville,
Maryland, USA

Money
affects me a great deal. It seems that I need to have money to do anything –
football games (you have to play even to watch a high0school football game),
clubs, church activities, clothes, CDs, movies and even just hanging out with
friends usually means eating. Not only do I need money for these things but I
also need to think about car insurance, college and paying veterinarian bills
for my dog. Finding time for a job is difficult during the school year so I
usually only get weekend baby-sitting jobs. As college gets closer I have to
put off summer trips to the beach and maintain a steady responsible job.

I
wish money didn’t have to  play such a big role in my life but unfortunately it
does. I feel lucky though that my life is not totally centered around money. I
enjoy spending time with my family and just reading a good book from the
republic library. Just recently in my youth group, we had a discussion about
spoilt people we know. All they talk about is how much money their parents make
and what kind of brand new car their parents bought them. I’m glad to say that
I believe America’s attention is shifting away from money and toward family
life.

Rob
Antrobus, 19

Golders
Green, London, England

As I
have recently moved to London  to study I have become very much aware of the
hassle which money creates. I have a very tight budget which I have to keep to
and living in London this is not always possible.

I
have a part-time job working in a men’s clothes store which gives me a little
extra pocket money, which kindly helps my social activities.

Unfortunately,
the area I live in seems to be very much a materialistic area. Therefore a
great emphasis seems to be placed on the amount of money you have and what you
have bought with it. All this, I think is quite sad and could get the average
person down. But the best opinion is to ignore it.

Money
always seems to be at the center of arguments and for that reason it has a lot
to answer to. However, despite all the negative points I have placed on it, I
would not forgo the opportunity to have one million pounds given to me… who
would? 

Joanna
Greensted, 19

Richmond
Surrey, England

I
get an allowance each month which I can spend on whatever I want but has to
last for the month. Some of my friends have Saturday jobs as well, but I
baby-sit for my neighbours to get extra money.

I
don’t spend my money on anything very unusual, just the usual books, disks,
clothes, etc., and going out, of course. I spend quite a lot on magazines so I
can look back on them in the future but I guess I spend the most going out to
the pub or the cinema.

In
London it can be difficult to find affordable things to do, but as long as you
don’t go to the West End the cinema can be quite cheap. The pub is also a good
bet because you can spend as much or as little as you like. By the end of the
month I usually have very little money left, so generally I stay at home with
friends and watching videos.

 Dan
Kernan, 18

Riverside,
Illinoise, USA

“Money
makes the world go round”. At least that’s how it seems to me. Sometimes I get
the feeling that people’s only goal in life is to make money. I could be wrong
but with some athletes making more than $6 million a year, and movie stars making
$8 million a movie. I think that I am justified in feeling this way. It seems
to me that these people might be just a little too materialistic. How could
someone not be materialistic if they demand that much money? I wouldn’t even
know how to spend that much money.

I
suppose that’s because I don’t want many other things and, the things I need, I
get from my parents. Money always bothers me because I usually don’t have any
whenever I want to do something. The reason for that is because I don’t have a
job. When the rare time comes that I do have some money, I usually spend it on
food, music, or whatever comes up. Money has a tendency to fall through my
fingers as it was water. The only ways I make money are by baby-sitting for my
sister and from relatives who give me money on my birthday and Christmas
because they don’’ know what else to give me. I’ve always considered getting a
job, but I guess I don’t think I need one yet.

Overall,
I really wish money wasn’t necessary, because then I wouldn’t have to get a
job. But there doesn’t seem to be a better way to do things so I will just have
to make the best of it.

Language Work

1.     Find English equivalents for the following words and
word-combinations.

Высоко
ценить, главная цель, быть наравне (с другими), заработать дополнительные
деньги,  опыт работы, возможности трудоустройства, расходы, страховка, тратить
деньги мудро, экономить деньги,  аксессуары, тратить деньги на ненужные вещи,
обходиться без, богатый, жить в бедности, из-за чего-либо, иметь постоянную
работу, быть полностью сконцентрированным вокруг денег, новая с иголочки
машина, смещаться от денег к семейной жизни,  создавать трудности, скудный
бюджет, иметь работу с неполной занятостью, карманные деньги,
материалистический, делать особый акцент на чем-либо, игнорировать,
отказываться, денежное содержание, доступный по цене, оправдывать, утекать
сквозь пальцы как вода.

2.    
Insert
prepositions where it is necessary.

1.      Expensive
clothes, cars, houses and vacations are highly valued … many.

2.     There are many job
opportunities … teenagers, including being a waiter or waitress.

3.     I have a Saturday
job in a local shoe shop which pays £ 2.00 … an hour.

4.     Money doesn’t
really affect … what I do.

5.     Once I have money,
I always end up spending it … unnecessary items which I could easily do
without.

6.     There are many
families living … poverty.

7.     My life is not
totally centered … money.

8.     I’m glad to say
that I believe America’s attention is shifting away … money and … family life.

9.     As I have recently
moved to London  to study I have become very much aware … the hassle which
money creates.

10.  A great emphasis seems to be
placed … the amount of money you have and what you have bought … it.

11. Money always seems to be … the
center of arguments and … that reason it has a lot to answer to.

12. “Money makes the world go round”.
At least that’s how it seems … me.

13. Money always bothers me because I
usually don’t have any whenever I want to do something. The reason … that is
because I don’t have a job.

14. . Money has a tendency to fall … my
fingers as it was water.

15. The only ways I make money are by
baby-sitting for my sister and from relatives who give me money … my birthday
and Christmas.

3.    
Explain
the meaning of underlined words and word-combinations.

1.     Teenagers are
strongly influenced by what others wear and do, so it can be nice to have money
to be able to “keep up” if it’s important to you.

2.     Most teens can get
their driving licenses when they turn sixteen.

3.     Buying your own
car is very expensive, but even if you drive your parents’ car, gas, insurance,
repairs and maintenance add up to a tidy sum.  

4.     I usually have
enough money to buy clothes, jewelry and accessories.

5.      I am trying to
save money for a shopping holiday but it is proving difficult.

6.     I think that
Britain is quite a wealthy country but the money tends to be unevenly spread.

7.     Finding time for a
job is difficult during the school year so I usually only get weekend baby-sitting
jobs.

8.     I have a very tight
budget which I have to keep to and living in London this is not always
possible.

9.     In London it can
be difficult to find affordable things to do, but as long as you don’t go to the
West End the cinema can be quite cheap.

10. I get an allowance each
month which I can spend on whatever I want.

11. It seems to me that these people
might be just a little too materialistic.

12. Money always bothers me
because I usually don’t have any whenever I want to do something.

4.    
Translate
from Russian into English.

1.    
Многие
люди высоко ценят деньги, они для них главная цель.

2.    
Деньги
часто создают трудности, особенно для тех, кому приходится придерживаться
скудного бюджета.

3.    
Сегодня
многие стремятся заработать дополнительные деньги, чтобы жить не хуже, чем
другие.

4.    
Я
не умею тратить деньги мудро, каждый раз, когда я хожу по магазинам, я
заканчиваю тем, что покупаю ненужные вещи.

5.    
Женщины
с маленькими детьми обычно предпочитают работать неполный день, часто их жизнь
сконцентрирована вокруг мужа и детей.

6.    
В
детстве мои родители не снабжали меня карманными деньгами, они игнорировали мое
желание иметь свои собственные деньги.

7.    
Молодые
люди часто имеют мало шансов для трудоустройства. Работодатели хотят найти
людей с опытом работы.

8.    
Джейсон
не мог купить новый с иголочки автомобиль. Он недоступен по цене для него. Он
купил подержанную машину. Но все равно, страховка, бензин  и техобслуживание
обойдутся ему недешево.

9.    
Я
транжира (a spendthrift)
и я не могу никак оправдать свое поведение. Как только я захожу в супермаркет
или универмаг, деньги утекают сквозь пальцы как вода.

2.1Find in the
texts information about the following issues and present it in class:

-what young people
think about the role of money in the modern society;

-how  they get
their pocket money;

-how foreign
teenagers can earn their own money;

-what young people
spend their money on.

2.2 Do you share
the following ideas expressed by the foreign teenagers:

1.     Teenagers are
strongly influenced by what others wear and do, so it is vital for them  to
have money to be able to “keep up”.

2.     Nowadays a great
emphasis seems to be placed on the amount of money you have and what you have
bought with it.

3.     Money makes the
world go round.

4.     Money has a
tendency to fall through people’s fingers as it was water.

2.3
Which of these people seem to sound most reasonable? Ask 2-3 people belonging
to different age groups about the role of money in their lives, be ready to
report your findings in class. 

Section 3 Listening

Vocabulary
list

oven – плита

soccer – футбол
(амер. англ.)

booth – будка

to take a while –
занимать некоторое время

goods – товары

marketing research
–
маркетинговое исследование

spending habits –
характер расходов

flexible  (working
)hours – гибкий график

smart – умный

intern – практикант,
стажер

commission – комиссионное
вознаграждение

customer – клиент,
покупатель, потребитель

3.1
Part-time job is a perfect variant for those who have another occupation but
what to earn some extra money.  Listen to people talking about their part-time
jobs and fill in the tables.

Recording 1

Speaker	1	2	3	4	5	6
what a person does at work
what he / she doesn’t like about it

Recording 2

Speaker	1	2	3	4	5	6
what a person does at work
what he / she likes about it
What skills or knowledge people need for the job

3.2 Which of these
jobs would you like to take? Back up your choice.

Section 4. Follow up activity

Do the quiz below to identify your
money style. Then say whether the description turned out to be accurite or not.

Your Money Style Quiz

1.	You lucky! Upon arriving in Las Vegas for a week-long vacation, you win $1,000 on your first bet. What do you do?

a.	Put the whole sum of money into a back account  hoping to receive interest  and stick to your pre-arranged spending plan for the rest of the trip.
b.	Put it all on the next turn of the wheel.
c.	Spend it all on shows, restaurants, and spa treatments before you leave town.

2.	When shopping at your favorite store, you spot the perfect pair of pants. They suit you to a T! Only one problem: they are way out of your budget. What do you do?

a.	Buy them before your conscience says no. Plastic is power!
b.	Wait for the pants to go on sale.
c.	Buy them, agonize over your purchase all night long, and then take them back the next day.

3.	Good news arrived in today’s mail! You have inherited $10,000 from crazy old Aunt Minnie, whom you have never even met. You:

a.	Start booking your vacation to Tahiti.
b.	Increase your contributions to your retirement plan.
c.	Put it in your checking account to pay bills.

4.	When it comes to saving money, you:

a.	Can’t do it to save your soul.
b.	Have set up a system that works for you.
c.	Make (and break) a new savings plan every other month.

5.	Regarding money, your best wish for your children is that:

a.	They learn to control their spending. Someone’s got to.
b.	They have good luck. That’s what  really matters  it in this world.
c.	They have a good education. They’ll need to work hard to find a good profession.

6.	Money-wise, what do you look for in a mate?

a.	A stable income and a conservative investment style.
b.	A hot car in his driveway and a lot of shiny plastic in his wallet.
c.	A lack of concern for material things.

7.	Your worst money problem is your:

a.	Lack of financial education.
b.	Shopaholic tendencies.
c.	Procrastination.

8.	Your worst fear about money is:

a.	Being awakened by the sound of creditors underneath your bedroom window.
b.	A financial crisis reducing your income  by 90 percent.
c.	Realizing that you are 55 and have no possessions  other than your  old car.

9.	A quality that you admire in yourself is:

a.	Punctuality-you’re always on time.
b.	Spirituality-you’re not a money-grubber
c.	Vivacity-you’re the life of the party.

10.	The reason you don’t have as much money as you want is:

a.	You’re too cautious. You miss out on great investments because you don’t want to take a risk.
b.	You throw it away. You keep buying things you don’t really need.
c.	You’re not really sure why you don’t have as much money as you want.

11.	Your attitude toward life is best summed up with the phrase:

a.	A stitch in time saves nine.
b.	He who laughs last laughs best.
c.	Ignorance is bliss.

12.	When tipping in a restaurant, you:

a.	Tip in accordance with the quality of the service. You reward good servers and punish bad ones.
b.	Tip lavishly. You expect to get the best service in the house next time.
c.	Tip well even if the service is mediocre. You don’t want to embarrass the server.

Scoring:
In
the chart below, circle the letter (H, A, or S) to which each of your answers
corresponds. Then count the number of circles for each type. The type with the
highest number is your money style.

	A	B	C
1.	H	S	A
2.	S	H	A
3.	S	H	A
4.	S	H	A
5.	S	A	H
6.	H	S	A
7.	A	S	H
8.	S	H	A
9.	H	A	S
10.	H	S	A
11.	H	S	A
12.	H	S	A

Rating:
From
the scores above, you can see which of the money styles dominates your
personality.

The Hoarder 

The Hoarder is deeply attached to her
money. His / Her hobby is saving money, and he / she loves to see the bank account
grow. The Hoarder  is also good at  clipping coupons, setting budgets, and
prioritizing financial goals, though he / she unlikely to take on much risk.
The Hoarder keeps his / her money “safe in the bank,” never considering that
inflation is eating away at savings every day. Many Hoarders worry about money
and feel that they will never have enough to feel secure.

The Avoider 

The Avoider has trouble dealing with 
finances: budgeting, paying bills or investing. They may have a fear of money
that stems from a lack of self-confidence in dealing  financial matters. As a
result, the Avoider prefers to ignore the issue of money rather than cope with
fear and take control of his / her finances.

Alternately, the Avoider might believe
that money is evil and has the power to spoil people. They feels that having
too much wealth or making a profit on investments means they are being greedy
or selling out on their values and beliefs.

The Splurger

The Splurger’s credit cards are her best
friends, but like some friends, they frequently talk him /  her into spending
money she can’t really afford.  Splurgers hates to limit themselves-after all,
they works hard for  money, and deserves to have money make them feel good. While
Splurgers wait for the miracle person or event that will solve his/her
financial problems, they  may spend most of what they have at their disposal,
or rack up a hefty amount of debt.

UNIT 2

Does money make
people happy?

Section 1 Warming-up

1.1  
It’s
common knowledge that people are willing to get money and are reluctant to
spend it. Study the words below, match them with their definitions and then
arrange them into three columns – A, B, C. Column A are for words which are
associated with the process of spending, Column B – for words associated with the
process of gaining. The words which can enter neither of the columns must be
placed in column C.

1. bill	a) a list of things bought, used, eaten, etc. showing the total amount of money one has to pay
2. rent	b) money which must be paid to the government according to income, property, etc.
3. change	c) the particular kind of money in use in a country
4. tip	d) an additional payment beyond what is expected
5. fine	e) money lent at interest for a period of time
6. loan	f) money usually paid into one’s bank account once a month from the company one works for
7. debt	g) the money that is returned to someone when the amount he or she has given is more than the cost of the goods being bought
8. salary	h) a sum of money given to a student by an official body, esp. to pay for one’s studies
9. bonus	i) money paid regularly for the use of a room, building, etc.
10. tax	j) a sum of money paid for a professional services to a doctor, private school, etc.
11. cash	k) a small amount of money given as a gift, usually in addition to the official price
12 currency.	l) banknotes and coins
13. wages	m) an amount of money paid as punishment
14. fee	n) a payment made for the work done (usually to people who work with their hands)
15. scholarship	o) money that is owed

1.2Now insert
suitable words from the list into the gaps.

1.     I’m flat broke, I
can’t even pay out my …. .

2.     I expect you had
to pay a fat … to your divorce lawyers.

3.     He’s a senior
manager and he is on a very good … now.

4.     Don’t drive too
fast, otherwise you’ll have to pay a … .

5.     Thank you, the
dishes were really tasty! Could we have the … please?

6.     We pay a high … to
our landlord.

7.     Shall I leave a …
for the waiter?

8.     The British
teachers in China were paid in local … .

9.      We took out a …
to expand our business.

10. If it cost 25 pence and you gave
her a pound you should get 75 pence … .

11.  Half of my wages go in … .

12.  I prefer to pay in …. I don’t like
to use credit cards.

13.  She won a … to study abroad.

14. Let’s go shopping, I’ve got
Christmas …. at work.

15.  The workers went on  strike and
demanded an increase in ….

1.2 A lot of
people dream of becoming a millionaires and having money to burn. Are you one
of them? Answer the questions.

Do you think that
money can contribute to a person’s happiness?

What is good about
money? What is bad about it?

What do you think
rich means?

Would you buy any
of the luxury things mentioned below if you won $5 million?

ü Ferrari

ü A tropical island

ü A luxury penthouse suite
overlooking the Thames

ü An Italian villa

ü A private jet

ü A diamond

ü A yacht

Section 2
Listening

2.1 Listen to 4
people saying what they would do if they won $5million in the lottery and
complete the sentences.

1. I would make
sure that …. and then I ….. and I … .

2. I’d … but it …
I’d still … .

3. I’d be …. and …
.

4. I wouldn’t … .
I’d … .

2.2 Now  listen to
the song “Who wants to be a millionaire?”  What do / don’t they singers want to
do? Now look at the tapescript, listen again and check.

1.     2.3 Rich people
are often involved into charity work. They donate money to help those who are
in need. Choose three of these charities and  discuss why people should donate
to them:

ü a charity that helps elderly people
with food and housing;

ü an organization that provides
emergency supplies and medicine for disaster victims;

ü a charity that helps homeless
people;

ü cancer research;

ü a charity that help people with
AIDS;

ü animal rescue shelters;

ü a hospice for people who are dying
of an incurable disease

2.4 Now listen to
the information about three more charities and complete the chart. But first
study the new words from the tape.

Vocabulary List

to support human
rights – защищать права человека

prisoners of
conscience – узники совести

to publicize – предавать гласности

to put pressure on smb –оказывать
давление на кого-либо

conservation – сохранение

goal  — цель

endangered species – исчезающие
виды (животных и растений)

threat – угроза

drought – засуха

famine –голод

 crop –урожай

refugee – беженец

to pour –литься, зд.
наводнять, прибывать в большом количестве

desperate search
for  smth– отчаянный поиск чего—либо

to supply sbd with smth  -снабжать
кого-либо чем- либо

Section 3 Reading

3.1 Look at the
chart below. Do you think these are good or bad suggestions for people who win
a lot of money. Write your opinion in the chart.

If you win a lot of money…	You opinion	The articles opinion
1.      you should give up your job
2.      you should buy a new house
3.      you shouldn’t tell anyone
4.      you should give money to everyone who asks for it
5.      you should go on a spending spree
6.      you should give lots of away

3.2 All over the
world, lotteries create millionaires every week. But what is it actually like
to wake up one day with more money you can imagine? Read the article. What does
it say about six suggestions in ex.3.1.

3.3 Complete the
article with the phrases below.

a)     his unluckiest bet

b)    to move to a
bigger house

c)     we feel at home

d)    among the members
of her family

e)     as soon as
possible

f)      most of their
money will be spent

g)    nothing but misery

Language Work

1.     Find English equivalents for the following words and
word-combinations.

Фантазировать по
поводу выигрыша большого приза, быть связанным с чем-либо, экономические
обстоятельства, радикально изменять, цель, оставлять друзей и каждодневные
занятия, требующий родственник, рассудок (здравый ум), упасть замертво,
преследование со стороны прессы, избавляться от чего-либо, снять деньги со
счета в банке, сожаления, растраченное состояние, привыкнуть к изменениям в
жизни, переехать в более просторный дом, несчастье (невзгоды).

2.    
Explain the meaning
of the underlined  words and expressions.

1.    
The different parts of our lives
fit together like a jigsaw – work, home, friends, hobbies, and sports
make up our world.

2.    
Winners are usually advised not to
publicize their address and phone number, but charity requests and begging
letters still arrive.

3.    
She immediately went on a spending
spree that lasted for four years and five marriages.

4.    
Now she is penniless and
alone.

5.    
Three weeks after winning he
dropped dead of a heart attack, brought on by ceaseless haunting
from the press.

6.    
Jim Taylor blew his money in
77 days.

7.    
They said I had dumped my
husband and children, bought an island and become a drug addict.

3.    
Match the words with
their definitions.

1. to fantasize	a) to take out  (money form the bank)
2.linked	b) attractive, inviting
3.windfall	c) connected
4.to smash	d) to dream
5.tempting	e) having no money
6.begging	f) to break violently
7.peniless	g) asking for something very strongly
8.to withraw	h) an unexpected sum of money you receive

4.    
Translate into
English.

1.    
Образ жизни каждого
человека тесно связан с его экономическими обстоятельствами. Люди с высокой
зарплатой посещают рестораны и оставляют официантам щедрые чаевые. Люди со
скромным доходом  проверяют сдачу, после того как съедят мороженое в недорогом
кафе.

2.    
Деньги радикально меняют
жизни человека и приводят его или к счастью или несчастью.

3.    
Чтобы избавиться от
преследующей их прессы, богачи покупают острова или защищают свои особняки
высоким забором.

4.    
Мне придется снять деньги
со счета, я не получил премию которую нам обещали месяц назад.

5.    
После того как он
унаследовал состояние, он оставил друзей и привычный образ жизни, и отправился
в кругосветное путешествие.

6.    
После выигрыша в лотерею
Джейсон отправился тратить деньги, у него ушло 3 месяца, чтобы промотать все состояние.

7.    
Какой гонорар ты заплатил
адвокату, который защищал твое имущество от алчущих (требующих)  родственников.

3.4 Answer the questions:

1.    
What have we all fantasized about?

2.    
Is our way of life closely linked
to our economic circumstances?

3.    
Is the idea of not having to work
a good one?

4.    
Why are lottery winners advised
not to publicize their address or phone number?

5.    
How did Abby Wilson lose all her
money?

6.    
What happened to William Church
soon after he won the National Lottery?

7.    
How did Jim Taylor get rid of his
fortune?

8.    
What did  Anita Cotton do with her
money?

9.    
How would you answer the questions
in the last paragraph of the article?

3.5 Comment upon the following proverbs.

ü
Money is a good servant but bad
master.

ü
Money is the  root of all evil.

ü
Money isn’t everything.

UNIT 3

UNEMPLOYMENT

Section 1 Warming-up

1.1 Study  the verbs that the word
“money” is often combined and use them to complete the sentences below.

 

1.     When I was
younger, I … some money in Nokia. It was a really good idea because the company
has been very successful and I have made a lot of money.

2.     I was very very
sad when my grandfather died, but I used the money I … from him to study, and I
think he would be happy that I am a teacher now.

3.     Claire works as a
secretary, but she … much money, so her mum often has to … her some.

4.     A couple of years
ago I… $20 outside the café. I … it all on thing I didn’t need.

5.     When I was a
student I had to … lots of money from the bank. I … all the money last year, so
now I don’t … the bank anything.

6.     You should be
careful when you … money from a cashpoint machine because somebody might be
behind you waiting to … it from you.

1.2    
Which
of the actions denoted by the verbs mentioned  above are often performed by
unemployed people?

1.3    
Study
the graph and say which European countries are affected most of all by
unemployment. People from what age groups are most likely to face unemployment?
What makes you think so?

Section 2 Reading

2.1 Scan the article and make up a
list of the problems it deals with.

Living on the dole

For
many young people in Britain, leaving school and college is a time of mixed
emotions. It is a time of celebration combined with dread, for they are facing
what may be their most difficult career challenge – getting their first job.

“Young
people are particularly disadvantaged because they lack work experience”, says
youth career advisor Anne Morrison. “they can’t get a job because they lack
experience but they can’t get experience because they haven’t got a job. In
times of high unemployment, employers are more likely to choose someone with an
established record than a newcomer.”

That
leaves many young people in a difficult situation. If you are eighteen years or
older, you can begin to collect unemployment benefits – called the dole in
Britain. But if you are sixteen or seventeen and you leave school without a
job, you are not normally provided with any financial help from the government
unless you can prove you have special needs, like illness or being unable to
live at home. In principle, this lack of financial aid is meant to encourage
young people in this age group to stay on at school and gain more
qualifications.

For
those who decide to leave school before eighteen, one alternative is the
government’s Youth Training Scheme, or YTS. All sixteen- and
seventeen-year-olds have an automatic right to go on this scheme, which provides
a wide choice of work experience placement in shops, factories, industry and
hotels. The emphasis of the scheme is to give participants “on the job” work
experience with additional training days at college. Sixteen-year-olds on the
scheme receive a weekly allowance of £29.50 which rises to £35 when they turn
seventeen. The length of placement varies according to the nature of the work
and all participants who complete the scheme are given qualification. There is
not, however, any guarantee of a job at the end.

It
sounds like a good idea, but many young people in Britain regard the scheme as
exploitative and as means of providing employers with cheap labour. David
Harris went on the scheme to learn about catering trade. He worked in a canteen
and didn’t complete the course. He says, “I am fed up with being given all the
menial dirty jobs that no one else wanted to do. You don’t learn anything form
washing dishes, which is mainly what I was doing. I was doing nearly
thirty-five hours a week for £35, which is about 1 an hour and no one should
have to work for as little as that. Just because you’re young doesn’t mean you
should be exploited”.

Vicky
Davidson feels differently about YTS. She learned about office practices on the
course. “I know people say that YTS is slave labour but my employer was really
good and was prepared to spend time explaining things to me. I was really keen
to learn because I found it much more interesting than being at school and I
think if you’re enthusiastic, people are more willing to help you make most of
it. Towards the end of my work placement, I was learning all about computers
and office technology, which I’m sure, is going to help me find a job.” Vicky
is currently unemployed, but she says confidently,”I’m sure it’s just a matter
of time before I find work”.

Kane
Stewart, 18, learned about community care on the scheme and now works in an old
people home. She says, “The major benefit I gained from the scheme was actually
being able to go to an employer and say “I’ve got some experience” because
that’s what many employers are looking for and it’s important to get the edge
on other job applicants”.

But
what if you are old for the Youth Training Scheme? People aged eighteen to
twenty-four who have not worked can receive a weekly allowance, called Income
Support, of £31.15 per week with additional help for expenses like rent, if
they are living away from home. Although most find this is enough to pay for
food and other essentials, there is usually little left over at the end of the
week for luxuries.

Jean
Blacely, 19, hopes to work in the theatre but is currently unemployed. She
says, “most of my friends are working and have three or four times as much
money as I do. I have to budget very carefully. I can’t night out at the pub or
cinema. Some people rely on their parents to provide them with things but I
prefer not to if I can avoid it. it’s quite frustrating sometimes.”

Being
unemployed has other effects on lifestyle, apart from living on a low income.
Many people who find themselves on the dole for the first time may actually
enjoy not giving to go to school or work, not having to dress in a particular
way, and are not having to obey the rules and regulations. But this enjoyment
rarely lasts. John Taylor has been unemployed for six months. He explains, “At
first you have a great sense of freedom, not having to get up in the morning,
but after a way you end up just staying in bed because there is nothing to gat
up for and nothing to structure you day round. You become very lethargic and
you keep putting things off because you think “there’s always tomorrow”. To be
quite honest it’s pretty boring and even if you’ve got imagination to do
things, the chances are you won’t have enough money to be able to do them”.

Another
problem is loss of self-esteem. Jean Blaky admits, “After a while it’s easy to
stop believing in yourself. If you apply for jobs and keep getting rejected,
you start to think it’s because there’s something wrong with you, whereas it’s
actually an international problem. But your confidence just goes down and down
and some days you really feel like giving up”.

Traditionally
it has been these who have fewer academic achievements who find it most
difficult to get a job. But this recession has cut across academic divides.
Anne Muir graduated from Oxford University with a good degree in History. She
is currently unemployed. “One of the problems of high unemployment is that
people can’t always find work to suit their abilities”, she says, “so they may
end up looking for jobs for which they are overqualified. Employers won’t take
you because they think you wouldn’t stay. The other side of it is that you may
do very well at school in academic subjects but lack useful skills like word
processing – which is more useful when searching for a job than a knowledge of
Latin, for example.”

In
the present climate searching for a job can be a job in itself. Career adviser
Anne Morrison offers this advice; “It’s important to set aside specific times
in the week to look for work, for example visiting the Job Centre on a regular basis
and spending time going through the newspaper adverts. Most Job Centres which
provide help with preparing for interviews, writing job applications and
Curriculum Vitaes, and they can also provide financial help for stationary,
telephone calls and transport to interviews.

“Being
unemployed can be a lonely depressing experience, but you don’t have to face it
alone. The most important thing of all is to keep at it. Those who don’t give
up on the job search are the most likely to find a job”.

Language Work

1.     Find English equivalents for the following words and
word-combinations.

Объединенный
(комбинированный) с чем-либо, самая трудная карьерная проблема, находящиеся в
наиболее неблагоприятном положении, не хватать опыта работы,  сложившаяся
трудовая биография, новичок, получать пособие по безработице, обеспечивать
финансовой поддержкой, поощрять (мотивировать), получить более высокую
квалификацию, широкий выбор чего-либо, дополнительное обучение, завершить
программу, эксплуатировать, определение на должность,  главная выгода,
кандидаты на должность, тщательно составлять бюджет,  полагаться на кого-либо,
отражаться  по иному на образе жизни, подчиняться правилам и распоряжениям, 
чувство свободы, структурировать свой день вокруг чего-либо,  низкая
самооценка, перестать верить в себя, обращаться по поводу трудоустройства,
отвергать, спад, соответствовать способностям, иметь чрезмерно высокую (для какой-либо
работы) квалификацию, выделять специальное время для поиска работы, посещать
регулярно, подготовиться к собеседованию, написать заявление о приеме на
работу, резюме, канцелярские товары, удручающий опыт, поиск работы.

2.    
Explain
the meaning of the underlined parts of the sentences.

1.     For many young
people in Britain, leaving school and college is a time of mixed emotions.

2.     In times of high
unemployment, employers are more likely to choose someone with an
established record than a newcomer.”

3.     That leaves many
young people in a difficult situation. If you are eighteen years or older, you
can begin to collect unemployment benefits – called the dole in Britain.

4.     It sounds like a
good idea, but many young people in Britain regard the scheme as exploitative
and as means of providing employers with cheap labour.

5.     David Harris went
on the scheme to learn about catering trade.

6.     “I am fed up
with being given all the menial dirty jobs that no one else wanted to do.

7.     I found it much
more interesting than being at school and I think if you’re enthusiastic,
people are more willing to help you make most of it.

8.     It’s important to
get the edge on other job applicants.

9.     Although most find
this is enough to pay for food and other essentials, there is usually
little left over at the end of the week for luxuries.

10. Some people rely on their parents
to provide them with things but I prefer not to if I can avoid it. It’s quite
frustrating sometimes.

11. You become very lethargic
and you keep putting things off because you think “there’s always tomorrow”.

12. Employers won’t take you on 
because they think you wouldn’t stay.

3.    
Translate
into English.

1.    
Для
многих выпускников университета или колледжа одной из самых больших карьерных
проблем является найти первое место работы.

2.    
Даже
когда есть вакансии, работодатели не хотят брать людей без профессиональной
биографии (стажа работы), отдавая предпочтение людям с опытом работы.

3.    
Дополнительное
обучение часто помогает безработным найти работу. Хотя иногда бывают случаи,
когда человек обладает слишком высокой квалификации для работы, и работодатели
отвергают его по этой причине.

4.    
Когда
люди  безработные и не ходят на работу на постоянной основе   их день не
структурирован вокруг профессиональных обязанностей. Часто они убивают время,
потому что они не видят цели в жизни и у них всегда есть «завтра».

5.    
  Нужно
выделить специальное время, чтобы подготовиться к собеседованию: найти
информацию о компании, в которой собираешься работать, составить резюме и
список вопросов, которые хочешь задать работодателю.

6.    
Мой
друг получает пособие по безработице, он тщательно планирует свой бюджет, но
все равно ему не хватает денег даже на самое необходимое. Хорошо, что он может
положиться на своих родителей, которые оказывают ему финансовую поддержку.

7.    
Я
не люблю подчиняться правилам и распоряжениям, делать одну и ту же деятельность
постоянно ( на постоянной основе). Работа в офисе была для меня удручающим
опытом.

2.2
Answer the questions.

1.     Why is leaving
school or college a time of mixed emotions for many young people in Britain?

2.     What makes young
people particular disadvantaged?

3.     How does the state
help young people financially?

4.     What is Youth
Training Scheme aimed at?

5.     What does David
Harris’s attitude to YTS?

6.     Has YTS turned out
to be useful for Vicky Davidson?

7.     Why do young
people receiving Income Support have to budget carefully?

8.     What other effects
does being unemployed have on people’s life-style?

9.     Do high academic
qualifications always guarantee employment?

10.   Why can the process of searching
for a job be regarded as a job in itself?

11.  What people have more chances to
find a job?

2.3
Divide the texts into logical parts. Think of possible titles for each part.

2.4
Think about Russian young people. Can the following statements be applied to
them.

·       
For
many young people leaving school and college is a time of mixed emotions.

·       
Young
people are particularly disadvantaged.

·       
Not
all young people are provided with any financial help from the government.

Section 3
Listening

Vocabulary List

to face a big challenge – столкнуться с большой проблемой

the International Labour Organisation – международная организация труда

hard realities – суровая реальность

 to become  increasingly detached  from
– становиться все более и более отдаленными, отрезанными от

to predict no improvement  — не предсказывать улучшения

long-term – долгосрочны

trend – тенденция

labour market – рынок труда

graduate – выпусник

to drop out – выпадать

to  force to do smth – заставлять
что-либо делать

temporary —
временный

to urge –побуждать

to make job creation a priority – сделать
приоритетом сознание рабочих мест

to offer tax  breaks –предложить
налоговые льготы

apprenticeship –
ученичество

custodian – хранитель,
смотритель

3.1Listen to the text for the first
time and be ready to match the words with  their meanings.

1) bleak	a)  stop attending or taking part
2) forecast	b) working on a temporary basis
3) entrenched	c) unimportant and powerless in society
4) to drop out	d) a period of having a job as an apprentice: you work for a low wages under supervision of an experienced  worker to learn necessary professional skills
5) marginalised	e) predictions  about trends in the future
6) temping	f) cold, empty and miserable
7) apprenticeship	g) fixed in the same position

3.2 Listen to the text
once again and try to complete the following ideas.

1.     Among young people
between the  ages of 15 and 24 there are  about  75 million of them, who are …
.

2.     The report paints
a bleak picture of young people losing hope and becoming  increasingly   … .

3.     The economic crisis
is really causing … .

4.     The crisis really
becomes entrenched on the …, and that means that we also see these young people
… .

5.     Neither in  work,
nor in education, they’ve no skills and are becoming … .

6.     Many young
graduates are being forced to take … .

7.     They are excluded 
from … .

8.     The ILO is urging 
governments to make … .

9.     They also suggest
offering tax  breaks to companies who employ young people and programmes of
work that … .

10. Young people can learn English to
help them … .

3.3 Now please say
which one of these unusual jobs is not a real one?

a)  A vibration
consultant.

b)  A trifle analyst.

c)  A raven master.

3.4 Sum up all the
information about unemployment among young people in GB and make a report on
this issue.

UNIT
4

Consumer
Society

Section 1 Warming-up

1.1Money is an
issue that has always  attracted people’s attention. This interest in reflected
in the English vocabulary .  There’re dozens of words synonymous to the word
money: “cash”,  “bucks”, “the green”, “papers” and many others. Also in the
language  there’re numerous expressions in which “money” is one of the
elements. Study the expressions below, try to define them, find suitable Russian
equivalents for them.

·       
to
bank one’s money

·       
to
get money for jam

·       
to
put one’s money into

·       
to
count money

·       
to
throw money after bad

·       
to
have money to burn

·       
to
be worth of money

·       
money
burns a hole in one’s pocket

·       
to
make money

·       
to
be out of money

Now insert these
expression in to the dialogue.

A: Bill is said__________________a
lot of money by painting.

B: Oh, yes.
He______________ .

A: Some years ago when we
met him he was completely ___________ .

B: Is he going 
______________________ business?

A: For all I know he
doesn’t want to bother his head about any business. He is alleged to
___________________ .

B: He doesn’t seem to
_____________ . He has always been economical.

A: Yes, one can’t say
that _________________. He knows from his own experience what it means
__________________. He is very hardworking and doesn’t ___________________ .

And now use these
expressions to express the same idea.

1.     Bill
doesn’t seem to look forward to spending his money.

2.     He
is very rich.

3.     He
knows how to earn his living.

4.     But
some years ago he was as poor as a church mouse.

5.     Working
hard he has managed to become rich.

6.     He
is one of the richest men in the country.

7.     But
he doesn’t follow the proverb “Money makes money” and doesn’t use his money to
get more.

8.     Sometimes
he spends some money for charity as for him it doesn’t mean to spend money on
trifles.

1.2   Have you ever heard about shopaholics and compulsive
shopping?

Try to
define these terms and them compare your variants with the definitions given in
the encyclopedia

A shopaholic is a
person considered to be addicted to shopping.

Compulsive shopping is an uncontrollable  desire
to shop.

Have you ever met  people suffering
from compulsive shopping? What about you? Are you a shopaholic? Do the quiz to
find it out. 

QUIZ

True or False? Evaluate the following
statements:

1. When I am feeling depressed, I usually go
shopping.

2. I spend a lot of money that I do not have
on things that I do not need.

3. I get a rush when I make a purchase, but I
«crash» soon afterwards.

4. I have closets full of clothes that I have
never worn, and countless gadgets that I have never used.

5. I often feel reckless and out of control
when I shop.

6. I lie to my friends and family about how
much money I spend.

7. Even though I feel very distraught about
my debt, I still shop.

8. I feel emotionally upset and disturbed by
my own shopping habits.

9. After a big shopping trip, I sometimes
feel disoriented and depressed.

10. My shopping has caused problems in my
personal relationships in one way or another.

Did  you answer «True» for
four or more of the above statements? If so, it is possible that you have a
real problem with compulsive shopping.

1.3   Complete
the list of recommendations for those who can’t control themselves in shops.

1)    Make
up a list of thing you really need to buy before you go shopping. Follow it
while shopping.

2)    …..

3)    ……

4)    ……

5)    …..

Section 2 Reading

2.1 Have you ever heard such words
as “consumerism” and “globalization”? What do these words mean? Read the name
of the article and its subtitles and try to suppose what the article can be
about. Then read the article and check your guesses.

Eat, Sleep, Buy
and Die

I
want to talk about the economy. Not “the economy” we hear about endlessly in
the news each day and in politicians’ speeches. I want to talk about the real
economy, the one we live day by day.

Most
people aren’t particular interested in “the economy”. “Share prices are flying
high, interest rates are soaring.  The Dow Jones’ index closed sixty-three
points down on 8472.35.” We hear this and subconsciously switch off. Notice
that “the economy” is not the same as the economy. “The economy” is what men in
suits play with to make vast personal wealth. The economy is where the rest of
us live on a daily basis, earning our living, paying our taxes, and purchasing
the necessities of life.

Something wrong

We
are supposed to be benefiting from all the advantages  of a prosperous society.
So why do we feel drained and stressed? We have no time for anything other than
work, which is ironic given the number of labour-saving devices in our lives.
The kids are always hassling for the latest electronic garget. Our towns are
becoming more and more congested, we poison our air and sea, and our food is
full of chemicals.

There’s
something wrong here. If times were truly good, then you’d think we’d all feel
optimistic about the future. Yet the majority of us are deeply worried. More
than 90 per cent of us think that we are too concerned about ourselves and not
concerned enough about future generations.

Producing and consuming

The term “economic
expansion” suggests something desirable and benevolent, but expansion simply
means spending more money. More spending doesn’t mean that the life is getting
better. We all know it often means the opposite – greed, deprivation, crime,
poverty, pollution. More spending merely feeds our whole economic system, which
is based on production and consumption. Unless money keeps circulating, the
economy collapses. Airlines go bust, taking plane manufacturers and retailers
go out of business. People don’t buy houses, clothes, washing machines, cars. 
The whole system goes into stalemate.

Creating need

As a leading
economist put it, consumer societies are “in need of need”. We don’t need the
things the economy produces as much as the economy needs our sense of need for
these things. Why, in our supermarkets, do we have to choose from sixty
different kinds of toilet paper and a hundred different cereals? Need is a
miracle that keeps the engines of expansion turning relentlessly. In economics,
there is no concept of enough, just a chronic yearning for more. It is just a
hunger that can’t be satiated.

There is so much
craziness in the world. There’s an American company that manufactures a range
of food with a high fat content. This causes obesity, the same company also makes
products that help people who trying to diet. Not only that, it even produces
pills for those with high blood pressure.

Nearly all of my
mail consists of bills (of course), banks trying to lend me money, catalogues
trying to make me spend it, and charity appeals for the losers in the ecstasy
of consumption – the homeless, the refugees, the exploited, the starving. Why
is it possible to buy strawberries from Ecuador and green beans from Kenya when
these counties can hardly feed their own people? It is because these are cash
crops, and the countries need the money to service their debts. Notice that
servicing a debt doesn’t mean paying it off. It just mean paying the interest.
Western banks make vast profits from third world debt.

Making changes

How do we break
the cycle? We need to become far more aware of the results of our actions. We
buy clothes that are manufactured in sweat shops by virtual slaves in poor
parts of the world. We create mountains of waste. We demand cheap food,
mindless of the fact  that it is totally devoid of taste and is produced using
chemicals that poison our land. We insist on our right to drive our own car
whatever we want to go.

The
evil of the consumption culture is the way it makes us oblivious to the impact
of our own behavior. Our main problem is not that we don’t know what to do
about it. It is mustering the desire to do it.

Language Work

1.     Find English equivalents for the following words and
word-combinations.

Огромное
богатство, покупать предметы первой необходимости, процветающее общество,
чувствовать себя истощенным, бытовые приборы (сберегающие труд приборы),
перенаселенный, обеспокоенный по поводу будущих поколений, благотворный,
лишение, быть в обращении ( о деньгах), обрушаться ( терпеть крах),
производители, розничные торговцы, тупиковая ситуация, чудо, хроническая жажда
(сильное желание чего-либо), насыщать, беженцы, голодающие, обслуживать долг,
выплатить долг, выплачивать процент, получать прибыль, быть осведомленным, в сущности
являющимся, создавать горы отходов, невнимательный к чему-либо, быть полностью
лишенным чего-либо, не замечающий чего-либо.

2.    
Fill in the gaps
with correct prepositions where necessary.

To
live day … day, to live … a daily basis, to benefit … advantages,  to hassle …
the latest electronic garget, to feel optimistic … the future,  to be concerned
… future generations, to go out  … business,  to go … stalemate, a sense of
need … things, to  need … money,  to choose … sixty different kinds, a chronic
yearning … more, to manufacture a range … food, to appeal …  losers, to make
vast profits … third world debt, to become aware … the results of one’s
actions, to create mountains … waste, to be mindless … the fact, to be devoid …
taste, to insist … one’s right, to be oblivious … the impact of one’s own
behavior, not to know what to do … it.

3.    
Restore the missing
parts of the sentences.

1.    
Most people aren’t _____________
in “the economy”.

2.     The economy is
where the rest of us live on ___________, earning _________, paying _________,
and purchasing ____________.

3.    
We are supposed to be benefiting
from ________________.

4.    
The kids are always
________________.

5.    
The term “economic expansion”
suggests something ______________.

6.    
More spending merely feeds
____________, which is based on ____________.

7.    
Unless money keeps circulating,
the economy _________.

8.    
We don’t need the things the
economy produces as much as the economy___________.

9.      In economics,
there is no concept of enough, just _______________. It is just a hunger that
__________.

10.  Charity appeals for the losers in the ecstasy of
consumption – _______________.

11. Western banks ___________ from third world debt.

12. We need to become far more ________________.

13. The evil of the consumption culture is the way it
makes us _______________.

4.    
Translate the
following sentences into English.

1.    
Люди, живущие за чертой
бедности (below the poverty line) покупают лишь предметы первой необходимости.

2.    
Те, кто живут в
перенаселенных городах, испытывают хроническое желание насладиться  тишиной и
спокойствием (piece and serenity) сельской местности.

3.    
Современное общество 
производит и потребляет бесчисленное множество товаров,  создает кучу отходов.
Хотя в то же время среди нас есть социально и финансово неблагополучные люди (socially and financially disadvantaged) – бездомные, голодающие, беженцы.

4.    
Вся экономика рухнет, если
деньги перестанут циркулировать.

5.    
Несмотря на то, что мы
живем в процветающем обществе, пользуемся облегчающими жизнь бытовыми приборами
и электронными устройствами, мы часто чувствуем себя истощенными и
напряженными.

6.    
Производители товаров
озабочены только прибылью, которую они получают и совершенно не беспокоятся о
последствии своих действий.

7.    
  Трудно выплачивать долг банку. Приходится
каждый месяц выплачивать проценты.

8.    
Когда мы выбираем продукты
в супермаркете, мы, как правило, не обращаем внимание на тот факт, что некоторые
из них лишены натурального вкуса.

2.2 Mark the following sentences as true or false.

1.    
Economy is the sphere that people
are not interested in.

2.    
Prosperous society has both
advantages and disadvantages.

3.    
More spending leads to a better
happier life.

4.    
Our sense of need for things
prevents the economy from collapsing.

5.    
It’s impossible to break the
vicious circle that exists in the modern economy.

2.3Answer the questions.

1.    
What kind of economy are people
interested in mostly?

2.    
Are we happy to live in a modern
prosperous society?

3.    
Do people feel optimistic or
pessimistic about the future?

4.    
What does economic expansion mean?

5.    
Does more spending do good to the
modern economy?

6.    
Can you give examples how “the
need of need” is created?

7.    
How is it possible to break the
cycle?

2.4 Express your own opinion about the following issues.

·       
We are supposed to be benefiting
from all the advantages  of a prosperous society.

·       
More spending doesn’t mean that
the life is getting better.

·       
We don’t need the things the
economy produces as much as the economy needs our sense of need for these
things.

·       
There is so much craziness in the
world.

·       
The evil of the consumption
culture is the way it makes us oblivious to the impact of our own behavior.

Downshifting means working towards simple
living by making conscious choices to leave materialism behind and move on to a
more sustainable lifestyle. It does not mean simply cutting back and trying to
live the same life only with less money. Downshifting requires prioritizing, an
adjustment in values, and a totally different mindset… not just a change to a
more frugal way of living.

People decide to downshift for a variety
of reasons. Many want to get away from “living competitively”… job stress,
consumerism, and feeling they have to live up to someone else’s expectations.
Other people downshift because of a life changing experience, health reasons,
or a crisis in the family. Often downshifting comes out of a wish to conserve
natural resources. Whatever the reason, downshifting isn’t limited to any age
or income level.

Once the decision to downshift has been
made, then comes the question of how. Usually the first step is to create more
free time for yourself by working fewer hours. This may involve something as
simple as cutting down on overtime, or it may involve changing jobs or deciding
to work at home. There is no one solution that fits every circumstance because
everyone’s situation and needs are different. Taking your time to analyze your
own options will prevent you from making any hasty spur of the moment decisions
that you might later regret.

Hand in hand with a change in the number
of hours worked is the need to consume less and therefore spend less. As you
prioritize your true needs and wants, you will find that many of the “things”
you used to spend money on no longer seem important. You will also discover
that a more balanced life will feel very empowering because your new simple
living changes will result in actually having more options and access to more
discretionary money even though you are earning, spending and consuming less
than you did before.

Here are some downshifting ideas to get
you started, but keep in mind that living a simple life is not about
self-denial… you should not give up something that is really important to you.

• Limit the number of services you
  purchase. Anytime you can do something for yourself instead of paying
  someone to do it for you, you can save considerable amounts of money.
• Eat out infrequently, if at all. It
  is easy to get in the habit of stopping for a quick meal instead of taking
  the time to cook dinner, but this is one area where there can be really
  big savings, plus the real food you cook at home is always much healthier.
• Change the way you shop for
  groceries. Comparison shopping and buying to restock your pantry and your
  refrigerator when items you use regularly are on sale results in huge
  savings.
• Live green. Recycle, start
  composting, and limit what you throw away. Conserve gasoline, electricity
  and other resources to help reduce your carbon footprint.

Over the last several years there has been
a huge change in attitudes and values and for many people a change in the
definition of real success. Personal growth, an enjoyment of life and feeling a
real connection to family while keeping a healthy balance between work and free
time have become more important than titles and big incomes. More and more
people now believe that even one person can help change the world. Downshifting
can be that first step!

I was well paid and too busy. I’d had enough of the fast pace in
the south east and halved my salary to work in an environmentally sound role
(renewable energy) and to move to the south west.
First I took a few months out to tour New Zealand
including some voluntary work in 3 national parks — a superb experience.
When I returned, the period spent finding work, not
knowing where I would be living, was the most stressful. I had decided to only
look in the SW or NW — areas I already knew a little. The process took about 10
weeks during which I suffered from alopetia areata (bald patches), eczema and I
couldn’t sleep.
But I found a job in the SW and a great place to live. As
soon as I started the new job, all these pressures and symptoms fell away.
The cut in salary has been very difficult to manage, but
after a few months I managed to adjust all my spending to my new income and
life settled down and calmed down.
Now I am ready to do it again, only big time — I have been
offered my perfect job and job opportunity in New Zealand and will give up my
newly found calm to start again in a remote part of that country, some 2 hours
drive from the nearest supermarket!
I will be living only a few minutes walk from work and
will be working in an area that fits my hopes and interests, re-discovered 3
years ago after working through a great book — Pathfinder (see bookshop on
steppingoff.co.uk).
Good luck and get out of your comfort zone!
Inger

http://englishwell.info/9381-intermediate-english-listening-and-reading.html

Lester Berrey & Melvin van den Bark, The American Thesaurus of Slang, second edition (1953) lists a number of lively synonyms for spendthrift, although many of them have dropped out of usage in the 64 years since the book was published. Here is the relevant entry:

SPENDTHRIFT. Dead-game sport, flasher of the green, good fellow or Joe, full guy, high roller, Jack Full of Money, live wire, rounder, spendicator, (big) splash, (good) sport, squandermaniac, two-fisted spender. Spec[ific:] angel, big-boat pilot, (big) butter-and-egg man, … cloak-and-suiter, coal-oil Johnny, doughnut, goldfish, soft sugar, sugar sucker, [all referring to] a wealthy theatrical and night-club spendthrift.

Unfortunately, the most evocative of these options (including spendicator, squandermaniac, and two-fisted spender) were so little used after 1953 that Harold Wentworth & Stuart Flexner, The Dictionary of American Slang, first edition (1960) doesn’t provide entries for them. That dictionary does cover several of the other terms, however:

high roller 1 One who gambles large sums frequently. … 2 One who spends money freely, esp. at nightclubs, entertainments, and on whisky and women; a «sport.»

live wire 1 An exciting person; an active, alert, reliable person. … 2 One who spends his money freely.

rounder n. Lit., one who frequents or makes the rounds of saloons and other resorts; fig., a debaucher, a roué. … Archaic.

sport n. 1 a handsome, generous, carefree, wisecracking, stylishly dressed roué; an irresponsible lover of wine, women, gambling, and gaiety; one who is eager for a good time no matter how much it costs or how many responsibilities he must ignore to have it; one obsessed with creating the impression of being carefree, generous, and having fun. … 2 A term of somewhat disrespectful and belligerent address to a stranger. Archaic. 3 An agreeable, accommodating, fair person; regular fellow.

The trouble with all of these terms is that they can mean something besides what the OP is asking for. This would not have been the case with squandermaniac, if English speakers had had the sense to retain that slang term. (A Google Books search for squandermaniac turns up two dozen unique matches, many of them from the past 15 years, so maybe there’s hope for the word after all.)

The most common slang terms for a wastral today are probably big spender and high roller. Barbara Kipfer & Robert Chapman, Dictionary of American Slang, fourth edition (2007) offers these entries for the two terms:

big (or big-time) spender n phr A person who is generous and extravagant, esp for lavish entertainment; HIGH ROLLER (1920s+ Nightclubs)

high roller n phr 1 A person who gambles for high stakes … 2 BIG-TIME SPENDER (1881+) {gambling sense probably influenced by the idea of rolling the dice in craps}

The spendthrift sense of both live wire and sport have very nearly disappeared in modern slang usage, according to Kipfer & Chapman.

Actually, roué might be a suitable (less slangy) term as well. Here is the definition for that word from Merriam-Webster’s Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary (2003):

roué n {F[rench], lit[erally], broken on the wheel, fr[om] p[ast] p[articiple] of rouer to break on the wheel, fr[om] M[iddle] L[atin] rotare, fr[om] L[atin], to rotate,; fr[om] the feeling that such a person deserves this punishment} (1800) : a man devoted to a life of sensual pleasure : RAKE

Like rake, roué focuses on the libertine excesses of the person so described, rather than on the waste of money involved, but dissolute behavior and financial ruin frequently go together.