I’m writing some literature, and I’d like to grab the reader’s attention in the first sentence by asking what is the meaning of life. Except, I’d like to know the best word (or short phrase) to use to ask such a question.
For example, I’m asking the question «What do you think of your destiny?»
But is «Destiny» the best word to use here?
asked Oct 12, 2012 at 0:46
12
- Purpose?
What is your purpose?
What is your purpose in life?
What purpose do you/does your life serve?
answered Oct 12, 2012 at 1:18
itsbruceitsbruce
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Sometimes understatement can be effective:
What is your reason for being?
Why are you here?
Or maybe just the apocryphal philosophy course final exam:
Why?
answered Oct 12, 2012 at 12:10
bibbib
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Have you ever felt that people, who talk too much about nothing, start to irritate you after a while? In some situations, it’s possible to agree that talkative people can be too annoying! Of course, sometimes we cannot bring all the necessary nuances of some cases without a detailed story.
However, it doesn’t mean that you need to use many additional words to share your ideas. It’s easy to lose the whole essence of a conversation in the thousands of words!
Everybody knows how useful words can be! In this regard, you shouldn’t underestimate the power of one-word expressions and quotes! Even a single word of encouragement can help you to cheer up a person; while a simple word, said in a heated moment, is able to hurt a man to a core. Isn’t it powerful?
Words can be used as both a medicine and poison at the same time! Words are an efficient way to manipulate public opinion as well as each individual. That’s why you should always choose carefully what you want to say to avoid misunderstanding of any kind!
Perhaps, it sounds confusing, but one word may be enough to reach a specific goal! You’ll be surprised to hear that it’s easy to get a piece of motivation with the help of only one word! It’s not hard to remember motivational quotes, consisted only of a single word, to improve your life. Find your inspiration in the inspirational one-word quotes we’ve rounded up for you below!
What do you think of the idea to use famous one word sayings about life and love are the best ideas as captions for Instagram, Facebook, and other social networks in order to attract somebody’s attention? Sounds interesting, right? That’s why pay your attention to the following 1 word quotations.
They are simple to focus on and easy to use. You don’t need to spend a lot of time writing or reading these meaningful quotes and sayings: concise, deep, useful, universal, effective. Do you need any other reasons to save some of the great images with one word quotes to live by?
Whatever happens in your life, always remember that brevity is the soul of wit! Enjoy the following one word quotes for all occasions!
Inspirational Quotes To Show The Power Of One Word
Do you know at least one person who doesn’t need to be motivated? It’s easy to predict your negative answer. Sooner or later everybody needs to get a word of inspiration and motivation!
No matter how much purposeful and self-motivated you are, you’ll definitely face times of disappointment and tiredness on the way to your goal. In the case, you feel the lack of strength to move on, pay attention to the inspirational one word quotes! Be sure, even one word from the list below will inspire you:
- Better than a thousand hollow words, is one word that brings peace. – Buddha
- Everything starts with one step, or one brick, or one word or one day. – Jeremy Gilley
- I cannot take back one word or action; the past does not change for anyone. – Charles Van Doren
- Sometimes kids ask how I’ve been able to write so many books. The answer is simple: one word at a time. Which is another good lesson, I think. You don’t have to do everything at once. You don’t have to know how every story is going to end. You just have to take that next step, look for that next idea, write that next word. – Andrew Clements
- One word can end a fight; One hug can start a friendship; One smile can bring Unity; One person can change your entire life! – Israelmore Ayivor
Vital One Word Sayings about Life
It may seem that it’s almost impossible to tell others about your life or thoughts with the help of just one word! It’s a widespread mistake! From time to time, a single word, chosen carefully, maybe eloquent!
Why should you believe us? This is because almost all elements of our life, important for people, can be called in one word: happiness, love, family, belief, encouragement, support, etc. Who knows, maybe, these one word sayings about life will become your guiding principle:
- My biggest regret could be summed up in one word, and that’s procrastination. – Ron Cooper
- What drove me and kept me going over the decades? If I had to use a single word, it would be ‘curiosity’. – Eve Arnold
- Opportunities – You only get few chances to change yourself. Make sure you avail the opportunity that comes your way. – Unknown
- Forgive. Forgiveness doesn’t make the other person right; it makes you free. – Stormie Omartian
- The meaning of life. The wasted years of life. The poor choices of life. God answers the mess of life with one word: ‘grace.’ – Max Lucado
Powerful 1 Word Quotes for You To Live By
You have already heard how powerful one word can be. However, you may think that it’s only the myth, created for too gullible people. You have the chance to admit that you were wrong with your thoughts!
Relevant quotes with 1 necessary word are exactly what you need to live by! Let the following one word quotes be your life motto:
- All the great things are simple, and many can be expressed in a single word: freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope. – Winston Churchill
- Dare. Failures are made only by those who fail to dare, not by those who dare to fail. – Lester B. Pearson
- The one word that no politician will ever speak, is ‘enough.’ Enough. – Carl Hiaasen
- If I had to describe myself in one word, ‘Hercules.‘ – Bryce Harper
- I get paralyzingly nervous a lot of times, so I tried bravado. The way I dress and carry myself, a lot of people find it intimidating. I think my whole career can be boiled down to the one word I always say in meetings: ‘strength.’ – Lorde
Famous One Word Quotes about Everything
Every situation in our life can be defined with one word. It’s up to you to decide what word it will be! There are so many things that influence your choice of the word! Everything depends on the time, place, personal attitude, feelings, and so on.
In any case, famous one word quotes will interest you as soon as they reveal the most popular aspects of life!
- Forgive. Forgiveness doesn’t make the other person right; it makes you free. – Stormie Omartian
- If someone was like, ‘Describe yourself in one word,’ I would never say, ‘Handsome.’ – Ian Harding
- Encourage. Appreciation can make a day – even change a life. Your willingness to put it into words is all that is necessary. – Margaret Cousins
- Forgive. Forgiveness doesn’t make the other person right; it makes you free. – Stormie Omartian
- The one word that makes a good manager – decisiveness. – Lee Iacocca
Best One Word Quotes About Love
When people hear the word “love”, all of them associate it with something personal. As a rule, they unlikely to have the same thoughts. However, love has one meaning, common to everybody! What is love for you? Is it an innermost feeling, or a problem for you? If you still cannot define what love means exactly, don’t miss the best one word quotes about love! Isn’t it a good way to understand other people?
- One word frees us of all the weight and pain in life. That word is love. – Sophocles
- The cure for all the ills and wrongs, the cares, the sorrows, and the crimes of humanity, all lie in the one word ‘love‘. It is the divine vitality that everywhere produces and restores life. – Lydia M. Child
- Be Impeccable With Your Word. Speak with integrity. Say only what you mean. Avoid using the word to speak against yourself or to gossip about others. Use the power of your word in the direction of truth and love. – Don Miguel Ruiz
- Love is a special word, and I use it only when I mean it. You say the word too much and it becomes cheap. – Ray Charles
- I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. This is why right, temporarily defeated, is stronger than evil triumphant. – Martin Luther King
Universal Single Word to Use in Motivational Quotes
People are used to thinking that long texts and phrases are better to use to motivate somebody. It’s a common belief that you should make up a kind of essay to persuade a person to change his or her life, move on, reach different goals and so on.
Although a thousand words are useful, sometimes this way may be counterproductive! Do you really want to waste your precious time, trying to cheer somebody up? We don’t think so!
That’s why you’d better apply to motivational quotes with a single word! If it’s impossible to help your friend with a single word, you don’t have any chances to motivate him or her even with a thousand words!
- One word sums up probably the responsibility of any vice–president, and that one word is ‘to be prepared‘. – Dan Quayle
- Action. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do. – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Fly – Don’t think what would happen if you fail! Think, what if you fly? – Unknown
- Dream – Have the courage to pursue your dreams. Live them and act on them. -Unknown
- The strong manly ones in life are those who understand the meaning of the word patience. – Tokugawa Ieyasu
Witty One Word Captions for Instagram
Don’t know how to make your page on the social net popular? Do you think that you have tried everything? That’s not entirely true! You haven’t used witty one word captions for social pages, collected in the post!
The users of Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter will become interested in the short, but creative captions, used on your page! Don’t write long posts. They make everybody bored, so people begin losing their interest in your profile. One word captions are what you need!
- Grateful. I am grateful for all of my blessings.
- Kindness. I express myself with love and kindness.
- Freedom – You’re free to go. Enjoy the air of freedom and live your life.
- Question. I ask the right questions to progress in the right direction.
- Think. I create my day and life with the thoughts I think.
Great 1 Word Quotations on Universal Images
Great images with only one word are much more attractive than the same with long text. You’re surely puzzled over this statement now, aren’t you? In fact, one word contains the kind of mystery.
People can solve it, but the truth is that the answer will be different for different people. Don’t look for the deeper meaning of the following 1 word quotations on images, enjoy them:
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The meaning of life, or the answer to the question: «What is the meaning of life?», pertains to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include: «Why are we here?», «What is life all about?», or «What is the purpose of existence?» There have been many proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life’s meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, theological, and metaphysical speculation throughout history. Different people and cultures believe different things for the answer to this question.
The meaning of life can be derived from philosophical and religious contemplation of, and scientific inquiries about existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness. Many other issues are also involved, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the «how» of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question, «What is the meaning of my life?»
Origin of the expression
«The Storm Fiend» — Heading to Book II Chapter IX of Thomas Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus, 1898 illustration by E. J. Sullivan
The first English use of the expression «meaning of life» appears in Thomas Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), book II chapter IX, «The Everlasting Yea».[1]
Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.[2]
Carlyle may have been inspired by earlier usage of the equivalent German expression der Sinn des Lebens by German Romantic writers Novalis and Friedrich Schlegel. Schlegel was the first to use it in print by way of his novel Lucinde (1799), though Novalis had done so in a 1797–1798 manuscript, in which he wrote: «Only an artist can divine the meaning of life.» Additionally, the word lebenssinn, translated as life’s meaning, had been used by Goethe in a 1796 letter to Schiller.[3] These authors grappled with the rationalism and materialism of modernity. Carlyle called this the «Torch of Science», which burned «more fiercely than ever» and made religion «all parched away, under the Droughts of practical and spiritual Unbelief», resulting in the «Wilderness» of «the wide World in an Atheistic Century».[4]
Origin of the question
Philosopher in Meditation (detail) by Rembrandt.
Arthur Schopenhauer was the first to explicitly ask the question,[1] in an essay entitled «Character».
Since a man does not alter, and his moral character remains absolutely the same all through his life; since he must play out the part which he has received, without the least deviation from the character; since neither experience, nor philosophy, nor religion can effect any improvement in him, the question arises, What is the meaning of life at all? To what purpose is it played, this farce in which everything that is essential is irrevocably fixed and determined?[5]
Questions about the meaning of life have been expressed in a broad variety of other ways, including:
- What is the meaning of life? What’s it all about? Who are we?[6][7][8]
- Why are we here? What are we here for?[9][10][11]
- What is the origin of life?[12]
- What is the nature of life? What is the nature of reality?[12][13][14]
- What is the purpose of life? What is the purpose of one’s life?[13][15][16]
- What is the significance of life?[16] (See also #Psychological significance and value in life)
- What is meaningful and valuable in life?[17]
- What is the value of life?[18]
- What is the reason to live? What are we living for?[11][19]
These questions have resulted in a wide range of competing answers and explications, from scientific theories, to philosophical, theological, and spiritual explanations…
Scientific inquiry and perspectives
Many members of the scientific community and philosophy of science communities think that science can provide the relevant context, and set of parameters necessary for dealing with topics related to the meaning of life. In their view, science can offer a wide range of insights on topics ranging from the science of happiness to death anxiety. Scientific inquiry facilitates this through nomological investigation into various aspects of life and reality, such as the Big Bang, the origin of life, and evolution, and by studying the objective factors which correlate with the subjective experience of meaning and happiness.
Psychological significance and value in life
Researchers in positive psychology study empirical factors that lead to life satisfaction,[20] full engagement in activities,[21] making a fuller contribution by utilizing one’s personal strengths,[22] and meaning based on investing in something larger than the self.[23] Large-data studies of flow experiences have consistently suggested that humans experience meaning and fulfillment when mastering challenging tasks and that the experience comes from the way tasks are approached and performed rather than the particular choice of task. For example, flow experiences can be obtained by prisoners in concentration camps with minimal facilities, and occur only slightly more often in billionaires. A classic example[21] is of two workers on an apparently boring production line in a factory. One treats the work as a tedious chore while the other turns it into a game to see how fast she can make each unit and achieves flow in the process.
Neuroscience describes reward, pleasure, and motivation in terms of neurotransmitter activity, especially in the limbic system and the ventral tegmental area in particular. If one believes that the meaning of life is to maximize pleasure and to ease general life, then this allows normative predictions about how to act to achieve this. Likewise, some ethical naturalists advocate a science of morality—the empirical pursuit of flourishing for all conscious creatures.
Experimental philosophy and neuroethics research collects data about human ethical decisions in controlled scenarios such as trolley problems. It has shown that many types of ethical judgment are universal across cultures, suggesting that they may be innate, whilst others are culture-specific. The findings show actual human ethical reasoning to be at odds with most philosophical theories, for example consistently showing distinctions between action by cause and action by omission which would be absent from utility-based theories. Cognitive science has theorized about differences between conservative and liberal ethics and how they may be based on different metaphors from family life such as strong fathers vs nurturing mother models.
Neurotheology is a controversial field which tries to find neural correlates and mechanisms of religious experience. Some researchers have suggested that the human brain has innate mechanisms for such experiences and that living without using them for their evolved purposes may be a cause of imbalance. Studies have reported conflicting results on correlating happiness with religious belief and it is difficult to find unbiased meta-analyses.[24][25]
Sociology examines value at a social level using theoretical constructs such as value theory, norms, anomie, etc. One value system suggested by social psychologists, broadly called Terror Management Theory, states that human meaning is derived from a fundamental fear of death, and values are selected when they allow us to escape the mental reminder of death.
Alongside this, there are a number of theories about the way in which humans evaluate the positive and negative aspects of their existence and thus the value and meaning they place on their lives. For example, depressive realism posits an exaggerated positivity in all except those experiencing depressive disorders who see life as it truly is, and David Benatar theorises that more weight is generally given to positive experiences, providing bias towards an over-optimistic view of life.
Emerging research shows that meaning in life predicts better physical health outcomes. Greater meaning has been associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease,[26] reduced risk of heart attack among individuals with coronary heart disease,[27] reduced risk of stroke,[28] and increased longevity in both American and Japanese samples.[29] In 2014, the British National Health Service began recommending a five-step plan for mental well-being based on meaningful lives, whose steps are:[30]
- Connect with community and family
- Physical exercise
- Lifelong learning
- Giving to others
- Mindfulness of the world around you
Origin and nature of biological life
DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all known organisms
The exact mechanisms of abiogenesis are unknown: notable hypotheses include the RNA world hypothesis (RNA-based replicators) and the iron-sulfur world hypothesis (metabolism without genetics). The process by which different lifeforms have developed throughout history via genetic mutation and natural selection is explained by evolution.[31] At the end of the 20th century, based upon insight gleaned from the gene-centered view of evolution, biologists George C. Williams, Richard Dawkins, and David Haig, among others, concluded that if there is a primary function to life, it is the replication of DNA and the survival of one’s genes.[32][33] Responding to an interview question from Richard Dawkins about «what it is all for», James Watson stated «I don’t think we’re for anything. We’re just the products of evolution.»[34]
Though scientists have intensively studied life on Earth, defining life in unequivocal terms is still a challenge.[35][36] Physically, one may say that life «feeds on negative entropy»[37][38][39] which refers to the process by which living entities decrease their internal entropy at the expense of some form of energy taken in from the environment.[40][41][42] Biologists generally agree that lifeforms are self-organizing systems which regulate their internal environments as to maintain this organized state, metabolism serves to provide energy, and reproduction causes life to continue over a span of multiple generations. Typically, organisms are responsive to stimuli and genetic information changes from generation to generation, resulting in adaptation through evolution; this optimizes the chances of survival for the individual organism and its descendants respectively.[43]
Non-cellular replicating agents, notably viruses, are generally not considered to be organisms because they are incapable of independent reproduction or metabolism. This classification is problematic, though, since some parasites and endosymbionts are also incapable of independent life. Astrobiology studies the possibility of different forms of life on other worlds, including replicating structures made from materials other than DNA.
Origins and ultimate fate of the universe
Though the Big Bang theory was met with much skepticism when first introduced, it has become well-supported by several independent observations.[44] However, current physics can only describe the early universe from around 10−43 seconds after the Big Bang (where zero time corresponds to infinite temperature); a theory of quantum gravity would be required to understand events before that time. Nevertheless, many physicists have speculated about what would have preceded this limit, and how the universe came into being.[45] For example, one interpretation is that the Big Bang occurred coincidentally, and when considering the anthropic principle, it is sometimes interpreted as implying the existence of a multiverse.[46]
The ultimate fate of the universe, and implicitly of humanity, is hypothesized as one in which biological life will eventually become unsustainable, such as through a Big Freeze, Big Rip, or Big Crunch.
Theoretical cosmology studies many alternative speculative models for the origin and fate of the universe beyond the Big Bang theory. A recent trend has been models of the creation of ‘baby universes’ inside black holes, with our own Big Bang being a white hole on the inside of a black hole in another parent universe.[47] Many-worlds theories claim that every possibility of quantum mechanics is played out in parallel universes.
Scientific questions about the mind
The nature and origin of consciousness and the mind itself are also widely debated in science. The explanatory gap is generally equated with the hard problem of consciousness, and the question of free will is also considered to be of fundamental importance. These subjects are mostly addressed in the fields of cognitive science, neuroscience (e.g. the neuroscience of free will) and philosophy of mind, though some evolutionary biologists and theoretical physicists have also made several allusions to the subject.[48][49]
Reductionistic and eliminative materialistic approaches, for example the Multiple Drafts Model, hold that consciousness can be wholly explained by neuroscience through the workings of the brain and its neurons, thus adhering to biological naturalism.[49][50][51]
On the other hand, some scientists, like Andrei Linde, have considered that consciousness, like spacetime, might have its own intrinsic degrees of freedom, and that one’s perceptions may be as real as (or even more real than) material objects.[52] Hypotheses of consciousness and spacetime explain consciousness in describing a «space of conscious elements»,[52] often encompassing a number of extra dimensions.[53] Electromagnetic theories of consciousness solve the binding problem of consciousness in saying that the electromagnetic field generated by the brain is the actual carrier of conscious experience; there is however disagreement about the implementations of such a theory relating to other workings of the mind.[54][55] Quantum mind theories use quantum theory in explaining certain properties of the mind. Explaining the process of free will through quantum phenomena is a popular alternative to determinism.
Parapsychology
Based on the premises of non-materialistic explanations of the mind, some have suggested the existence of a cosmic consciousness, asserting that consciousness is actually the «ground of all being».[14][56][57] Proponents of this view cite accounts of paranormal phenomena, primarily extrasensory perceptions and psychic powers, as evidence for an incorporeal higher consciousness. In hopes of proving the existence of these phenomena, parapsychologists have orchestrated various experiments, but successful results might be due to poor experimental controls and might have alternative explanations.[58][59][60][61]
Nature of meaning in life
Reker and Wong define personal meaning as the «cognizance of order, coherence and purpose in one’s existence, the pursuit and attainment of worthwhile goals, and an accompanying sense of fulfillment» (p. 221).[62] In 2016, Martela and Steger defined meaning as coherence, purpose, and significance.[63] In contrast, Wong has proposed a four-component solution to the question of meaning in life,[64][65] with the four components purpose, understanding, responsibility, and enjoyment (PURE):
- You need to choose a worthy purpose or a significant life goal.
- You need to have sufficient understanding of who you are, what life demands of you, and how you can play a significant role in life.
- You and you alone are responsible for deciding what kind of life you want to live, and what constitutes a significant and worthwhile life goal.
- You will enjoy a deep sense of significance and satisfaction only when you have exercised your responsibility for self-determination and actively pursue a worthy life-goal.
Thus, a sense of significance permeates every dimension of meaning, rather than standing as a separate factor.
Although most psychology researchers consider meaning in life as a subjective feeling or judgment, most philosophers (e.g., Thaddeus Metz, Daniel Haybron) propose that there are also objective, concrete criteria for what constitutes meaning in life.[66][67] Wong has proposed that whether life is meaningful depends not only on subjective feelings but, more importantly, on whether a person’s goal-striving and life as a whole is meaningful according to some objective normative standard.[65]
Western philosophical perspectives
The philosophical perspectives on the meaning of life are those ideologies that explain life in terms of ideals or abstractions defined by humans.
Ancient Greek philosophy
Plato and Aristotle in The School of Athens fresco by Raphael. Plato is pointing heavenwards to the sky, and Aristotle is gesturing to the world.
Platonism
Plato, a pupil of Socrates, was one of the earliest, most influential philosophers. His reputation comes from his idealism of believing in the existence of universals. His theory of forms proposes that universals do not physically exist, like objects, but as heavenly forms. In the dialogue of the Republic, the character of Socrates describes the Form of the Good. His theory on justice in the soul relates to the idea of happiness relevant to the question of the meaning of life.
In Platonism, the meaning of life is in attaining the highest form of knowledge, which is the Idea (Form) of the Good, from which all good and just things derive utility and value.
Aristotelianism
Aristotle, an apprentice of Plato, was another early and influential philosopher, who argued that ethical knowledge is not certain knowledge (such as metaphysics and epistemology), but is general knowledge. Because it is not a theoretical discipline, a person had to study and practice in order to become «good»; thus if the person were to become virtuous, he could not simply study what virtue is, he had to be virtuous, via virtuous activities. To do this, Aristotle established what is virtuous:
Every skill and every inquiry, and similarly, every action and choice of action, is thought to have some good as its object. This is why the good has rightly been defined as the object of all endeavor […]
Everything is done with a goal, and that goal is «good».
Yet, if action A is done towards achieving goal B, then goal B also would have a goal, goal C, and goal C also would have a goal, and so would continue this pattern, until something stopped its infinite regression. Aristotle’s solution is the Highest Good, which is desirable for its own sake. It is its own goal. The Highest Good is not desirable for the sake of achieving some other good, and all other «goods» desirable for its sake. This involves achieving eudaemonia, usually translated as «happiness», «well-being», «flourishing», and «excellence».
What is the highest good in all matters of action? To the name, there is an almost complete agreement; for uneducated and educated alike call it happiness, and make happiness identical with the good life and successful living. They disagree, however, about the meaning of happiness.
Cynicism
Antisthenes, a pupil of Socrates, first outlined the themes of Cynicism, stating that the purpose of life is living a life of Virtue which agrees with Nature. Happiness depends upon being self-sufficient and master of one’s mental attitude; suffering is the consequence of false judgments of value, which cause negative emotions and a concomitant vicious character.
The Cynical life rejects conventional desires for wealth, power, health, and fame, by being free of the possessions acquired in pursuing the conventional.[68][69] As reasoning creatures, people could achieve happiness via rigorous training, by living in a way natural to human beings. The world equally belongs to everyone, so suffering is caused by false judgments of what is valuable and what is worthless per the customs and conventions of society.
Cyrenaicism
Aristippus of Cyrene, a pupil of Socrates, founded an early Socratic school that emphasized only one side of Socrates’s teachings—that happiness is one of the ends of moral action and that pleasure is the supreme good; thus a hedonistic world view, wherein bodily gratification is more intense than mental pleasure. Cyrenaics prefer immediate gratification to the long-term gain of delayed gratification; denial is unpleasant unhappiness.[70][71]
Epicureanism
Epicurus, a pupil of the Platonist Pamphilus of Samos, taught that the greatest good is in seeking modest pleasures, to attain tranquility and freedom from fear (ataraxia) via knowledge, friendship, and virtuous, temperate living; bodily pain (aponia) is absent through one’s knowledge of the workings of the world and of the limits of one’s desires. Combined, freedom from pain and freedom from fear are happiness in its highest form. Epicurus’ lauded enjoyment of simple pleasures is quasi-ascetic «abstention» from sex and the appetites:
«When we say … that pleasure is the end and aim, we do not mean the pleasures of the prodigal or the pleasures of sensuality, as we are understood to do, by some, through ignorance, prejudice or willful misrepresentation. By pleasure, we mean the absence of pain in the body and of trouble in the soul. It is not by an unbroken succession of drinking bouts and of revelry, not by sexual lust, nor the enjoyment of fish, and other delicacies of a luxurious table, which produce a pleasant life; it is sober reasoning, searching out the grounds of every choice and avoidance, and banishing those beliefs through which the greatest tumults take possession of the soul.»[72]
The Epicurean meaning of life rejects immortality and mysticism; there is a soul, but it is as mortal as the body. There is no afterlife, yet, one need not fear death, because «Death is nothing to us; for that which is dissolved, is without sensation, and that which lacks sensation is nothing to us.»[73]
Stoicism
Zeno of Citium, a pupil of Crates of Thebes, established the school which teaches that living according to reason and virtue is to be in harmony with the universe’s divine order, entailed by one’s recognition of the universal logos, or reason, an essential value of all people. The meaning of life is «freedom from suffering» through apatheia (Gr: απαθεια), that is, being objective and having «clear judgement», not indifference.
Stoicism’s prime directives are virtue, reason, and natural law, abided to develop personal self-control and mental fortitude as means of overcoming destructive emotions. The Stoic does not seek to extinguish emotions, only to avoid emotional troubles, by developing clear judgment and inner calm through diligently practiced logic, reflection, and concentration.
The Stoic ethical foundation is that «good lies in the state of the soul», itself, exemplified in wisdom and self-control, thus improving one’s spiritual well-being: «Virtue consists in a will which is in agreement with Nature.»[73] The principle applies to one’s personal relations thus: «to be free from anger, envy, and jealousy».[73]
Enlightenment philosophy
The Enlightenment and the colonial era both changed the nature of European philosophy and exported it worldwide. Devotion and subservience to God were largely replaced by notions of inalienable natural rights and the potentialities of reason, and universal ideals of love and compassion gave way to civic notions of freedom, equality, and citizenship. The meaning of life changed as well, focusing less on humankind’s relationship to God and more on the relationship between individuals and their society. This era is filled with theories that equate meaningful existence with the social order.
Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism is a set of ideas that arose in the 17th and 18th centuries, out of conflicts between a growing, wealthy, propertied class and the established aristocratic and religious orders that dominated Europe. Liberalism cast humans as beings with inalienable natural rights (including the right to retain the wealth generated by one’s own work), and sought out means to balance rights across society. Broadly speaking, it considers individual liberty to be the most important goal,[74] because only through ensured liberty are the other inherent rights protected.
There are many forms and derivations of liberalism, but their central conceptions of the meaning of life trace back to three main ideas. Early thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith saw humankind beginning in the state of nature, then finding meaning for existence through labor and property, and using social contracts to create an environment that supports those efforts.
Kantianism
Kantianism is a philosophy based on the ethical, epistemological, and metaphysical works of Immanuel Kant. Kant is known for his deontological theory where there is a single moral obligation, the «Categorical Imperative», derived from the concept of duty. Kantians believe all actions are performed in accordance with some underlying maxim or principle, and for actions to be ethical, they must adhere to the categorical imperative.
Simply put, the test is that one must universalize the maxim (imagine that all people acted in this way) and then see if it would still be possible to perform the maxim in the world without contradiction. In Groundwork, Kant gives the example of a person who seeks to borrow money without intending to pay it back. This is a contradiction because if it were a universal action, no person would lend money anymore as he knows that he will never be paid back. The maxim of this action, says Kant, results in a contradiction in conceivability (and thus contradicts perfect duty).
Kant also denied that the consequences of an act in any way contribute to the moral worth of that act, his reasoning being that the physical world is outside one’s full control and thus one cannot be held accountable for the events that occur in it.
19th-century philosophy
The first English use of the expression «meaning of life» appeared in Thomas Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus (1833–August 1834): «Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.»[75]
Utilitarianism
The origins of utilitarianism can be traced back as far as Epicurus, but, as a school of thought, it is credited to Jeremy Bentham,[76] who found that «nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure»; then, from that moral insight, he derived the Rule of Utility: «that the good is whatever brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people». He defined the meaning of life as the «greatest happiness principle».
Jeremy Bentham’s foremost proponent was James Mill, a significant philosopher in his day, and father of John Stuart Mill. The younger Mill was educated per Bentham’s principles, including transcribing and summarizing much of his father’s work.[77]
Nihilism
Nihilism suggests that life is without objective meaning.
Friedrich Nietzsche characterized nihilism as emptying the world, and especially human existence, of meaning, purpose, comprehensible truth, and essential value; succinctly, nihilism is the process of «the devaluing of the highest values».[78] Seeing the nihilist as a natural result of the idea that God is dead, and insisting it was something to overcome, his questioning of the nihilist’s life-negating values returned meaning to the Earth.[79]
To Martin Heidegger, nihilism is the movement whereby «being» is forgotten, and is transformed into value, in other words, the reduction of being to exchange value.[78] Heidegger, in accordance with Nietzsche, saw in the so-called «death of God» a potential source for nihilism:
If God, as the supra-sensory ground and goal, of all reality, is dead; if the supra-sensory world of the Ideas has suffered the loss of its obligatory, and above it, its vitalizing and up-building power, then nothing more remains to which Man can cling, and by which he can orient himself.[80]
The French philosopher Albert Camus asserts that the absurdity of the human condition is that people search for external values and meaning in a world which has none and is indifferent to them. Camus writes of value-nihilists such as Meursault,[81] but also of values in a nihilistic world, that people can instead strive to be «heroic nihilists», living with dignity in the face of absurdity, living with «secular saintliness», fraternal solidarity, and rebelling against and transcending the world’s indifference.[82]
20th-century philosophy
The current era has seen radical changes in both formal and popular conceptions of human nature. The knowledge disclosed by modern science has effectively rewritten the relationship of humankind to the natural world. Advances in medicine and technology have freed humans from significant limitations and ailments of previous eras;[83] and philosophy—particularly following the linguistic turn—has altered how the relationships people have with themselves and each other are conceived. Questions about the meaning of life have also seen radical changes, from attempts to reevaluate human existence in biological and scientific terms (as in pragmatism and logical positivism) to efforts to meta-theorize about meaning-making as a personal, individual-driven activity (existentialism, secular humanism).
Pragmatism
Pragmatism originated in the late-19th-century US, concerning itself (mostly) with truth, and positing that «only in struggling with the environment» do data, and derived theories, have meaning, and that consequences, like utility and practicality, are also components of truth. Moreover, pragmatism posits that anything useful and practical is not always true, arguing that what most contributes to the most human good in the long course is true. In practice, theoretical claims must be practically verifiable, i.e. one should be able to predict and test claims, and, that, ultimately, the needs of humankind should guide human intellectual inquiry.
Pragmatic philosophers suggest that the practical, useful understanding of life is more important than searching for an impractical abstract truth about life. William James argued that truth could be made, but not sought.[84][85] To a pragmatist, the meaning of life is discoverable only via experience.
Theism
Theists believe God created the universe and that God had a purpose in doing so. Theists also hold the view that humans find their meaning and purpose for life in God’s purpose in creating. Some theists further hold that if there were no God to give life ultimate meaning, value, and purpose, then life would be absurd.[86]
Existentialism
According to existentialism, each person creates the essence (meaning) of their life; life is not determined by a supernatural god or an earthly authority, one is free. As such, one’s ethical prime directives are action, freedom, and decision, thus, existentialism opposes rationalism and positivism. In seeking meaning to life, the existentialist looks to where people find meaning in life, in course of which using only reason as a source of meaning is insufficient; this gives rise to the emotions of anxiety and dread, felt in considering one’s free will, and the concomitant awareness of death. According to Jean-Paul Sartre, existence precedes essence; the (essence) of one’s life arises only after one comes to existence.
Søren Kierkegaard spoke about a «leap», arguing that life is full of absurdity, and one must make his and her own values in an indifferent world. One can live meaningfully (free of despair and anxiety) in an unconditional commitment to something finite and devotes that meaningful life to the commitment, despite the vulnerability inherent to doing so.[87]
Arthur Schopenhauer answered: «What is the meaning of life?» by stating that one’s life reflects one’s will, and that the will (life) is an aimless, irrational, and painful drive. Salvation, deliverance, and escape from suffering are in aesthetic contemplation, sympathy for others, and asceticism.[88][89]
For Friedrich Nietzsche, life is worth living only if there are goals inspiring one to live. Accordingly, he saw nihilism («all that happens is meaningless») as without goals. He stated that asceticism denies one’s living in the world; stated that values are not objective facts, that are rationally necessary, universally binding commitments: our evaluations are interpretations, and not reflections of the world, as it is, in itself, and, therefore, all ideations take place from a particular perspective.[79]
Absurdism
«… in spite of or in defiance of the whole of existence he wills to be himself with it, to take it along, almost defying his torment. For to hope in the possibility of help, not to speak of help by virtue of the absurd, that for God all things are possible—no, that he will not do. And as for seeking help from any other—no, that he will not do for all the world; rather than seek the help he would prefer to be himself—with all the tortures of hell if so it must be.»
Søren Kierkegaard, The Sickness Unto Death[90]
In absurdist philosophy, the Absurd arises out of the fundamental disharmony between the individual’s search for meaning and the apparent meaninglessness of the universe. As beings looking for meaning in a meaningless world, humans have three ways of resolving the dilemma. Kierkegaard and Camus describe the solutions in their works, The Sickness Unto Death (1849) and The Myth of Sisyphus (1942):
- Suicide (or, «escaping existence»): a solution in which a person simply ends one’s own life. Both Kierkegaard and Camus dismiss the viability of this option.
- Religious belief in a transcendent realm or being: a solution in which one believes in the existence of a reality that is beyond the Absurd, and, as such, has meaning. Kierkegaard stated that a belief in anything beyond the Absurd requires a non-rational but perhaps necessary religious acceptance in such an intangible and empirically unprovable thing (now commonly referred to as a «leap of faith»). However, Camus regarded this solution as «philosophical suicide».
- Acceptance of the Absurd: a solution in which one accepts and even embraces the Absurd and continues to live in spite of it. Camus endorsed this solution (notably in his 1947 allegorical novel The Plague or La Peste), while Kierkegaard regarded this solution as «demoniac madness»: «He rages most of all at the thought that eternity might get it into its head to take his misery from him!«[91]
Secular humanism
Per secular humanism, the human species came to be by reproducing successive generations in a progression of unguided evolution as an integral expression of nature, which is self-existing.[92][93] Human knowledge comes from human observation, experimentation, and rational analysis (the scientific method), and not from supernatural sources; the nature of the universe is what people discern it to be.[92] Likewise, «values and realities» are determined «by means of intelligent inquiry»[92] and «are derived from human need and interest as tested by experience», that is, by critical intelligence.[94][95] «As far as we know, the total personality is [a function] of the biological organism transacting in a social and cultural context.»[93]
People determine human purpose without supernatural influence; it is the human personality (general sense) that is the purpose of a human being’s life which humanism seeks to develop and fulfill:[92] «Humanism affirms our ability and responsibility to lead ethical lives of personal fulfillment that aspire to the greater good of humanity».[94] Humanism aims to promote enlightened self-interest and the common good for all people. It is based on the premises that the happiness of the individual person is inextricably linked to the well-being of all humanity, in part because humans are social animals who find meaning in personal relations and because cultural progress benefits everybody living in the culture.[93][94]
The philosophical subgenres posthumanism and transhumanism (sometimes used synonymously) are extensions of humanistic values. One should seek the advancement of humanity and of all life to the greatest degree feasible and seek to reconcile Renaissance humanism with the 21st century’s technoscientific culture. In this light, every living creature has the right to determine its personal and social «meaning of life».[96]
From a humanism-psychotherapeutic point of view, the question of the meaning of life could be reinterpreted as «What is the meaning of my life?»[97] This approach emphasizes that the question is personal—and avoids focusing on cosmic or religious questions about overarching purpose. There are many therapeutic responses to this question. For example, Viktor Frankl argues for «Dereflection», which translates largely as cease endlessly reflecting on the self; instead, engage in life. On the whole, the therapeutic response is that the question itself—what is the meaning of life?—evaporates when one is fully engaged in life. (The question then morphs into more specific worries such as «What delusions am I under?»; «What is blocking my ability to enjoy things?»; «Why do I neglect loved-ones?».)[98]
Logical positivism
Logical positivists ask: «What is the meaning of life?», «What is the meaning in asking?»[99][100] and «If there are no objective values, then, is life meaningless?»[101] Ludwig Wittgenstein and the logical positivists said:[citation needed] «Expressed in language, the question is meaningless»; because, in life the statement the «meaning of x», usually denotes the consequences of x, or the significance of x, or what is notable about x, etc., thus, when the meaning of life concept equals «x», in the statement the «meaning of x», the statement becomes recursive, and, therefore, nonsensical, or it might refer to the fact that biological life is essential to having a meaning in life.
The things (people, events) in the life of a person can have meaning (importance) as parts of a whole, but a discrete meaning of (the) life, itself, aside from those things, cannot be discerned. A person’s life has meaning (for themselves, others) as the life events resulting from their achievements, legacy, family, etc., but, to say that life, itself, has meaning, is a misuse of language, since any note of significance, or of consequence, is relevant only in life (to the living), so rendering the statement erroneous. Bertrand Russell wrote that although he found that his distaste for torture was not like his distaste for broccoli, he found no satisfactory, empirical method of proving this:[73]
When we try to be definite, as to what we mean when we say that this or that is «the Good,» we find ourselves involved in very great difficulties. Bentham’s creed, that pleasure is the Good, roused furious opposition, and was said to be a pig’s philosophy. Neither he nor his opponents could advance any argument. In a scientific question, evidence can be adduced on both sides, and, in the end, one side is seen to have the better case—or, if this does not happen, the question is left undecided. But in a question, as to whether this, or that, is the ultimate Good, there is no evidence, either way; each disputant can only appeal to his own emotions, and employ such rhetorical devices as shall arouse similar emotions in others … Questions as to «values»—that is to say, as to what is good or bad on its own account, independently of its effects—lie outside the domain of science, as the defenders of religion emphatically assert. I think that, in this, they are right, but, I draw the further conclusion, which they do not draw, that questions as to «values» lie wholly outside the domain of knowledge. That is to say, when we assert that this, or that, has «value», we are giving expression to our own emotions, not to a fact, which would still be true if our personal feelings were different.[102]
Postmodernism
Postmodernist thought—broadly speaking—sees human nature as constructed by language, or by structures and institutions of human society. Unlike other forms of philosophy, postmodernism rarely seeks out a priori or innate meanings in human existence, but instead focuses on analyzing or critiquing given meanings in order to rationalize or reconstruct them. Anything resembling a «meaning of life», in postmodernist terms, can only be understood within a social and linguistic framework and must be pursued as an escape from the power structures that are already embedded in all forms of speech and interaction. As a rule, postmodernists see awareness of the constraints of language as necessary to escaping those constraints, but different theorists take different views on the nature of this process: from a radical reconstruction of meaning by individuals (as in deconstructionism) to theories in which individuals are primarily extensions of language and society, without real autonomy (as in poststructuralism).
Naturalistic pantheism
According to naturalistic pantheism, the meaning of life is to care for and look after nature and the environment.
Embodied cognition
Embodied cognition uses the neurological basis of emotion, speech, and cognition to understand the nature of thought. Cognitive neuropsychology has identified brain areas necessary for these abilities, and genetic studies show that the gene FOXP2 affects neuroplasticity which underlies language fluency.
George Lakoff, a professor of cognitive linguistics and philosophy, advances the view that metaphors are the usual basis of meaning, not the logic of verbal symbol manipulation.[103] Computers use logic programming to effectively query databases but humans rely on a trained biological neural network. Postmodern philosophies that use the indeterminacy of symbolic language to deny definite meaning ignore those who feel they know what they mean and feel that their interlocutors know what they mean.[citation needed] Choosing the correct metaphor results in enough common understanding to pursue questions such as the meaning of life.[104]Improved knowledge of brain function should result in better treatments producing healthier brains. When combined with more effective training, a sound personal assessment as to the meaning of one’s life should be straightforward.[citation needed]
East Asian philosophical perspectives
Mohism
Further information: Mohism
The Mohist philosophers believed that the purpose of life was universal, impartial love. Mohism promoted a philosophy of impartial caring—a person should care equally for all other individuals, regardless of their actual relationship with him or her.[105] The expression of this indiscriminate caring is what makes a man a righteous being in Mohist thought. This advocacy of impartiality was a target of attack by the other Chinese philosophical schools, most notably the Confucians who believed that while love should be unconditional, it should not be indiscriminate. For example, children should hold a greater love for their parents than for random strangers.
Confucianism
Confucianism recognizes human nature in accordance with the need for discipline and education. Because humankind is driven by both positive and negative influences, Confucianists see a goal in achieving virtue through strong relationships and reasoning as well as minimizing the negative. This emphasis on normal living is seen in the Confucianist scholar Tu Wei-Ming’s quote, «We can realize the ultimate meaning of life in ordinary human existence.»[106]
Legalism
The Legalists believed that finding the purpose of life was a meaningless effort. To the Legalists, only practical knowledge was valuable, especially as it related to the function and performance of the state.
Religious perspectives
The religious perspectives on the meaning of life are those ideologies that explain life in terms of an implicit purpose not defined by humans. According to the Charter for Compassion, signed by many of the world’s leading religious and secular organizations, the core of religion is the golden rule of ‘treat others as you would have them treat you’. The Charter’s founder, Karen Armstrong, quotes the ancient Rabbi Hillel who suggested that ‘the rest is commentary’. This is not to reduce the commentary’s importance, and Armstrong considers that its study, interpretation, and ritual are the means by which religious people internalize and live the golden rule.
Abrahamic religions
Judaism
In the Judaic worldview, the meaning of life is to elevate the physical world (‘Olam HaZeh’) and prepare it for the world to come (‘Olam HaBa’), the messianic era. This is called Tikkun Olam («Fixing the World»). Olam HaBa can also mean the spiritual afterlife, and there is debate concerning the eschatological order. However, Judaism is not focused on personal salvation, but on communal (between man and man) and individual (between man and God) spiritualised actions in this world.
Judaism’s most important feature is the worship of a single, incomprehensible, transcendent, one, indivisible, absolute Being, who created and governs the universe. Closeness with the God of Israel is through a study of His Torah, and adherence to its mitzvot (divine laws). In traditional Judaism, God established a special covenant with a people, the people of Israel, at Mount Sinai, giving the Jewish commandments. Torah comprises the written Pentateuch and the transcribed oral tradition, further developed through the generations. The Jewish people are intended as «a kingdom of priests and a holy nation»[107] and a «light to the Nations», influencing the other peoples to keep their own religio-ethical Seven Laws of Noah. The messianic era is seen as the perfection of this dual path to God.
Jewish observances involve ethical and ritual, affirmative, and prohibitive injunctions. Modern Jewish denominations differ over the nature, relevance, and emphases of mitzvot. Jewish philosophy emphasises that God is not affected or benefited, but the individual and society benefit by drawing close to God. The rationalist Maimonides sees the ethical and ritual divine commandments as a necessary, but insufficient preparation for philosophical understanding of God, with its love and awe.[108] Among fundamental values in the Torah are pursuit of justice, compassion, peace, kindness, hard work, prosperity, humility, and education.[109][110] The world to come,[111] prepared in the present, elevates man to an everlasting connection with God.[112] Simeon the Righteous says, «The world stands on three things: on Torah, on worship, and on acts of loving kindness.» The prayer book relates, «Blessed is our God who created us for his honor … and planted within us everlasting life.» Of this context, the Talmud states, «Everything that God does is for the good.» including suffering.
The Jewish mystical Kabbalah gives complementary esoteric meanings of life. As well as Judaism providing an immanent relationship with God (personal theism), in Kabbalah, the spiritual and physical creation is a paradoxical manifestation of the immanent aspects of God’s Being (panentheism), related to the Shekhinah (Divine feminine). Jewish observance unites the sephirot (Divine attributes) on high, restoring harmony to creation. In Lurianic Kabbalah, the meaning of life is the messianic rectification of the shattered sparks of God’s persona, exiled in physical existence (the Kelipot shells), through the actions of Jewish observance.[113] Through this, in Hasidic Judaism the ultimate essential «desire» of God is the revelation of the Omnipresent Divine essence through materiality, achieved by a man from within his limited physical realm when the body will give life to the soul.[114]
Christianity
Christianity has its roots in Judaism, and shares much of the latter faith’s ontology. Its central beliefs derive from the teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament. Life’s purpose in Christianity is to seek divine salvation through the grace of God and intercession of Christ.[116] The New Testament speaks of God wanting to have a relationship with humans both in this life and the life to come, which can happen only if one’s sins are forgiven.[117]
In the Christian view, humankind was made in the Image of God and perfect, but the Fall of Man caused the progeny of the First Parents to inherit Original Sin and its consequences. Christ’s passion, death and resurrection provide the means for transcending that impure state (Romans 6:23). The good news that this restoration from sin is now possible is called the gospel. The specific process of appropriating salvation through Christ and maintaining a relationship with God varies between different denominations of Christians, but all rely on faith in Christ and the gospel as the fundamental starting point. Salvation through faith in God is found in Ephesians 2:8–9 – «[8]For by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God; [9]not as a result of works, that no one should boast.» (NASB; 1973). The gospel maintains that through this belief, the barrier that sin has created between man and God is destroyed, thereby allowing believers to be regenerated by God and to instill in them a new heart after God’s own will with the ability to live righteously before him. This is what the term saved almost always refer to.
In Reformed theology, it is believed the purpose of life is to glorify God. In the Westminster Shorter Catechism, an extremely important creed for Reformed Christians,[118] the first question is: «What is the chief end of Man?» (that is, «What is Man’s main purpose?»). The answer is: «Man’s chief end is to glorify God, and enjoy him forever». God requires one to obey the revealed moral law, saying: «Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbour as yourself».[119] The Baltimore Catechism answers the question «Why did God make you?» by saying «God made me to know Him, to love Him, and to serve Him in this world, and to be happy with Him forever in heaven.»[120]
The Apostle Paul also answers this question in his speech on the Areopagus in Athens: «And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings, so that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us.»[121]
Catholicism’s way of thinking is better expressed through the Principle and Foundation of St. Ignatius of Loyola: «The human person is created to praise, reverence, and serve God Our Lord, and by doing so, to save his or her soul. All other things on the face of the earth are created for human beings in order to help them pursue the end for which they are created. It follows from this that one must use other created things, in so far as they help towards one’s end, and free oneself from them, in so far as they are obstacles to one’s end. To do this, we need to make ourselves indifferent to all created things, provided the matter is subject to our free choice and there is no other prohibition. Thus, as far as we are concerned, we should not want health more than illness, wealth more than poverty, fame more than disgrace, a-long life more than a short one, and similarly for all the rest, but we should desire and choose only what helps us more towards the end for which we are created.»[122]
Mormonism teaches that the purpose of life on Earth is to gain knowledge and experience and to have joy.[123] Mormons believe that humans are literally the spirit children of God the Father, and thus have the potential to progress to become like Him. Mormons teach that God provided his children the choice to come to Earth, which is considered a crucial stage in their development—wherein a mortal body, coupled with the freedom to choose, makes for an environment to learn and grow.[123] The Fall of Adam is not viewed as an unfortunate or unplanned cancellation of God’s original plan for a paradise; rather, the opposition found in mortality is an essential element of God’s plan because the process of enduring and overcoming challenges, difficulties, and temptations provides opportunities to gain wisdom and strength, thereby learning to appreciate and choose good and reject evil.[124][125] Because God is just, he allows those who were not taught the gospel during mortality to receive it after death in the spirit world,[126] so that all of his children have the opportunity to return to live with God, and reach their full potential.
A recent alternative Christian theological discourse interprets Jesus as revealing that the purpose of life is to elevate our compassionate response to human suffering;[127] nonetheless, the conventional Christian position is that people are justified by belief in the propitiatory sacrifice of Jesus’ death on the cross.
Islam
In Islam, humanity’s ultimate purpose is to worship their creator, Allah (English: The God), through his signs, and be grateful to him through sincere love and devotion. This is practically shown by following the divine guidelines revealed in the Qur’an and the tradition of the Prophet (with the exception of Quranists). Earthly life is a test, determining one’s position of closeness to Allah in the hereafter. A person will either be close to him and his love in Jannah (Paradise) or far away in Jahannam (Hell).
For Allah’s satisfaction, via the Qur’an, all Muslims must believe in God, his revelations, his angels, his messengers, and in the «Day of Judgment».[128] The Qur’an describes the purpose of creation as follows: «Blessed be he in whose hand is the kingdom, he is powerful over all things, who created death and life that he might examine which of you is best in deeds, and he is the almighty, the forgiving.» (Qur’an 67:1–2) and «And I (Allâh) created not the jinn and mankind except that they should be obedient (to Allah).» (Qur’an 51:56). Obedience testifies to the oneness of God in his lordship, his names, and his attributes. Terrenal life is a test; how one acts (behaves) determines whether one’s soul goes to Jannat (Heaven) or to Jahannam (Hell).[129][citation needed] However, on the day of Judgement the final decision is of Allah alone.[130]
The Five Pillars of Islam are duties incumbent to every Muslim; they are: Shahadah (profession of faith); Salat (ritual prayer); Zakat (charity); Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).[131] They derive from the Hadith works, notably of Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. The five pillars are not mentioned directly in the Quran.
Beliefs differ among the Kalam. The Sunni and the Ahmadiyya concept of pre-destination is divine decree;[132] likewise, the Shi’a concept of pre-destination is divine justice; in the esoteric view of the Sufis, the universe exists only for God’s pleasure; Creation is a grand game, wherein Allah is the greatest prize.
The Sufi view of the meaning of life stems from the hadith qudsi that states «I (God) was a Hidden Treasure and loved to be known. Therefore I created the Creation that I might be known.» One possible interpretation of this view is that the meaning of life for an individual is to know the nature of God, and the purpose of all of creation is to reveal that nature and to prove its value as the ultimate treasure, that is God. However, this hadith is stated in various forms and interpreted in various ways by people, such, as ‘Abdu’l-Bahá of the Baháʼí Faith, and in Ibn’Arabī’s Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam.[134]
Baháʼí Faith
The Baháʼí Faith emphasizes the unity of humanity.[135] To Baháʼís, the purpose of life is focused on spiritual growth and service to humanity. Human beings are viewed as intrinsically spiritual beings. People’s lives in this material world provide extended opportunities to grow, to develop divine qualities and virtues, and the prophets were sent by God to facilitate this.[136][137]
South Asian religions
Hindu philosophies
Hinduism is a religious category including many beliefs and traditions. Since Hinduism was the way of expressing meaningful living for a long time before there was a need for naming it as a separate religion, Hindu doctrines are supplementary and complementary in nature, generally non-exclusive, suggestive, and tolerant in content.[138] Most believe that the ātman (spirit, soul)—the person’s true self—is eternal.[139] In part, this stems from Hindu beliefs that spiritual development occurs across many lifetimes, and goals should match the state of development of the individual. There are four possible aims to human life, known as the purusharthas (ordered from least to greatest): (i) Kāma (wish, desire, love and sensual pleasure), (ii) Artha (wealth, prosperity, glory), (iii) Dharma (righteousness, duty, morality, virtue, ethics), encompassing notions such as ahimsa (non-violence) and satya (truth) and (iv) Moksha (liberation, i.e. liberation from Saṃsāra, the cycle of reincarnation).[140][141][142]
In all schools of Hinduism, the meaning of life is tied up in the concepts of karma (causal action), sansara (the cycle of birth and rebirth), and moksha (liberation). Existence is conceived as the progression of the ātman (similar to the western concept of a soul) across numerous lifetimes, and its ultimate progression towards liberation from karma. Particular goals for life are generally subsumed under broader yogas (practices) or dharma (correct living) which are intended to create more favorable reincarnations, though they are generally positive acts in this life as well. Traditional schools of Hinduism often worship Devas which are manifestations of Ishvara (a personal or chosen God); these Devas are taken as ideal forms to be identified with, as a form of spiritual improvement.
In short, the goal is to realize the fundamental truth about oneself. This thought is conveyed in the Mahāvākyas («Tat Tvam Asi» (thou art that), «Aham Brahmāsmi», «Prajñānam Brahma» and «Ayam Ātmā Brahma» (This Ātman is Brahman)).
Advaita and Dvaita Hinduism
Later schools reinterpreted the vedas to focus on Brahman, «The One Without a Second»,[143] as a central God-like figure.
In monist Advaita Vedanta, ātman is ultimately indistinguishable from Brahman, and the goal of life is to know or realize that one’s Ātman (soul) is identical to Brahman.[144] To the Upanishads, whoever becomes fully aware of the Ātman, as one’s core of self, realizes identity with Brahman, and, thereby, achieves Moksha (liberation, freedom).[139][145][146]
Dvaita Vedanta and other bhakti schools have a dualist interpretation. Brahman is seen as a supreme being with a personality and manifest qualities. The Ātman depends upon Brahman for its existence; the meaning of life is achieving Moksha through the love of God and upon His grace.[145]
Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism is a branch of Hinduism in which the principal belief is the identification of Vishnu or Narayana as the one supreme God. This belief contrasts with the Krishna-centered traditions, such as Vallabha, Nimbaraka and Gaudiya, in which Krishna is considered to be the One and only Supreme God and the source of all avataras.[147]
Vaishnava theology includes the central beliefs of Hinduism such as monotheism, reincarnation, samsara, karma, and the various Yoga systems, but with a particular emphasis on devotion (bhakti) to Vishnu through the process of Bhakti yoga, often including singing Vishnu’s name’s (bhajan), meditating upon his form (dharana) and performing deity worship (puja). The practices of deity worship are primarily based on texts such as Pañcaratra and various Samhitas.[148]
One popular school of thought, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, teaches the concept of Achintya Bheda Abheda. In this, Krishna is worshipped as the single true God, and all living entities are eternal parts and the Supreme Personality of the Godhead Krishna. Thus the constitutional position of a living entity is to serve the Lord with love and devotion. The purpose of human life especially is to think beyond the animalistic way of eating, sleeping, mating, and defending and engage the higher intelligence to revive the lost relationship with Krishna.
Jainism
Jainism is a religion originating in ancient India, its ethical system promotes self-discipline above all else. Through following the ascetic teachings of Jina, a human achieves enlightenment (perfect knowledge). Jainism divides the universe into living and non-living beings. Only when the living becomes attached to the non-living does suffering result. Therefore, happiness is the result of self-conquest and freedom from external objects. The meaning of life may then be said to be to use the physical body to achieve self-realization and bliss.[149]
Jains believe that every human is responsible for his or her actions and all living beings have an eternal soul, jiva. Jains believe all souls are equal because they all possess the potential of being liberated and attaining Moksha. The Jain view of karma is that every action, every word, every thought produces has effect on the soul.
Jainism includes strict adherence to ahimsa (or ahinsā), a form of nonviolence that goes far beyond vegetarianism. Jains refuse food obtained with unnecessary cruelty. Many practice a lifestyle similar to veganism due to the violence of modern dairy farms, and others exclude root vegetables from their diets in order to preserve the lives of the plants from which they eat.[150]
Buddhism
Early Buddhism
Buddhists practice embracing mindfulness, the ill-being (suffering) and well-being that is present in life. Buddhists practice seeing the causes of ill-being and well-being in life. For example, one of the causes of suffering is an unhealthy attachment to objects material or non-material. The Buddhist sūtras and tantras do not speak about «the meaning of life» or «the purpose of life», but about the potential of human life to end suffering, for example through embracing (not suppressing or denying) cravings and conceptual attachments. Attaining and perfecting dispassion is a process of many levels that ultimately results in the state of Nirvana. Nirvana means freedom from both suffering and rebirth.[151]
Theravada Buddhism is generally considered to be close to the early Buddhist practice. It promotes the concept of Vibhajjavada (Pali), literally «Teaching of Analysis», which says that insight must come from the aspirant’s experience, critical investigation, and reasoning instead of by blind faith. However, the Theravadin tradition also emphasizes heeding the advice of the wise, considering such advice and evaluation of one’s own experiences to be the two tests by which practices should be judged. The Theravadin goal is liberation (or freedom) from suffering, according to the Four Noble Truths. This is attained in the achievement of Nirvana, or Unbinding which also ends the repeated cycle of birth, old age, sickness, and death. The way to attain Nirvana is by following and practicing the Noble Eightfold Path.
Mahayana Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhist schools de-emphasize the traditional view (still practiced in Theravada) of the release from individual Suffering (Duhkha) and attainment of Awakening (Nirvana). In Mahayana, the Buddha is seen as an eternal, immutable, inconceivable, omnipresent being. The fundamental principles of Mahayana doctrine are based on the possibility of universal liberation from suffering for all beings, and the existence of the transcendent Buddha-nature, which is the eternal Buddha essence present, but hidden and unrecognised, in all living beings.[152]
Philosophical schools of Mahayana Buddhism, such as Chan/Zen and the Vajrayana Tibetan and Shingon schools, explicitly teach that Bodhisattva should refrain from full liberation, allowing themselves to be reincarnated into the world until all beings achieve enlightenment. Devotional schools such as Pure Land Buddhism seek the aid of celestial buddhas—individuals who have spent lifetimes accumulating positive karma, and use that accumulation to aid all.[153]
Sikhism
The followers of Sikhism are ordained to follow the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus, or enlightened leaders, as well as the holy scripture entitled the Gurū Granth Sāhib, which includes selected works of many philosophers from diverse socio-economic and religious backgrounds.
The Sikh Gurus say that salvation can be obtained by following various spiritual paths, so Sikhs do not have a monopoly on salvation: «The Lord dwells in every heart, and every heart has its own way to reach Him.»[154] Sikhs believe that all people are equally important before God.[155] Sikhs balance their moral and spiritual values with the quest for knowledge, and they aim to promote a life of peace and equality but also of positive action.[156]
A key distinctive feature of Sikhism is a non-anthropomorphic concept of God, to the extent that one can interpret God as the Universe itself (pantheism). Sikhism thus sees life as an opportunity to understand this God as well as to discover the divinity which lies in each individual. While a full understanding of God is beyond human beings,[157] Nanak described God as not wholly unknowable, and stressed that God must be seen from «the inward eye», or the «heart», of a human being: devotees must meditate to progress towards enlightenment and the ultimate destination of a Sikh is to lose the ego completely in the love of the lord and finally merge into the almighty creator. Nanak emphasized the revelation through meditation, as its rigorous application permits the existence of communication between God and human beings.[157]
East Asian religions
Taoism
Taoist cosmogony emphasizes the need for all sentient beings and all men to return to the primordial or to rejoin with the Oneness of the Universe by way of self-cultivation and self-realization. All adherents should understand and be in tune with the ultimate truth.
Taoists believe all things were originally from Taiji and Tao, and the meaning in life for the adherents is to realize the temporal nature of the existence. «Only introspection can then help us to find our innermost reasons for living … the simple answer is here within ourselves.»[158]
Shinto
Shinto torii, a traditional Japanese gate.
Shinto is the native religion of Japan. Shinto means «the path of the kami», but more specifically, it can be taken to mean «the divine crossroad where the kami chooses his way». The «divine» crossroad signifies that all the universe is divine spirit. This foundation of free will, choosing one’s way, means that life is a creative process.
Shinto wants life to live, not to die. Shinto sees death as pollution and regards life as the realm where the divine spirit seeks to purify itself by rightful self-development. Shinto wants individual human life to be prolonged forever on earth as a victory of the divine spirit in preserving its objective personality in its highest forms. The presence of evil in the world, as conceived by Shinto, does not stultify the divine nature by imposing on divinity responsibility for being able to relieve human suffering while refusing to do so. The sufferings of life are the sufferings of the divine spirit in search of progress in the objective world.[159]
New religions
There are many new religious movements in East Asia, and some with millions of followers: Chondogyo, Tenrikyo, Cao Đài, and Seicho-No-Ie. New religions typically have unique explanations for the meaning of life. For example, in Tenrikyo, one is expected to live a Joyous Life by participating in practices that create happiness for oneself and others.
Iranian religions
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrians believe in a universe created by a transcendent God, Ahura Mazda, to whom all worship is ultimately directed. Ahura Mazda’s creation is asha, truth and order, and it is in conflict with its antithesis, druj, falsehood and disorder.[160]
Since humanity possesses free will, people must be responsible for their moral choices. By using free will, people must take an active role in the universal conflict, with good thoughts, good words and good deeds to ensure happiness and to keep chaos at bay.
Popular views
«What is the meaning of life?» is a question many people ask themselves at some point during their lives, most in the context «What is the purpose of life?».[15] Some popular answers include:
To realize one’s potential and ideals
- To chase dreams.[161]
- To live one’s dreams.[162]
- To spend it for something that will outlast it.[163]
- To matter: to count, to stand for something, to have made some difference that you lived at all.[163]
- To expand one’s potential in life.[162]
- To become the person you’ve always wanted to be.[164]
- To become the best version of yourself.[165]
- To seek happiness[166] and flourish.[8]
- To be a true authentic human being.[167]
- To be able to put the whole of oneself into one’s feelings, one’s work, one’s beliefs.[163]
- To follow or submit to our destiny.[168][169][170]
- To achieve eudaimonia,[171] a flourishing of human spirit.
To evolve, or to achieve biological perfection
- To evolve,[172] changing from generation to generation.
- To survive,[173] that is, to live as long as possible,[174] including pursuit of immortality (through scientific means).[175]
- To live forever[175] or die trying.[176]
- To maximize one’s genes’ advantage in terms of natural selection, by having many children or indirect descendants via relatives.[177]
- To replicate, to reproduce.[161] «The ‘dream’ of every cell is to become two cells.»[178][179][180][181]
To seek wisdom and knowledge
- To expand one’s perception of the world.[162]
- To follow the clues and walk out the exit.[182]
- To learn as many things as possible in life.[183]
- To know as much as possible about as many things as possible.[184]
- To seek wisdom and knowledge and to tame the mind, as to avoid suffering caused by ignorance and find happiness.[185]
- To face our fears and accept the lessons life offers us.[168]
- To find the meaning or purpose of life.[186][187]
- To find a reason to live.[188]
- To resolve the imbalance of the mind by understanding the nature of reality.[189]
To do good, to do the right thing
- To leave the world as a better place than you found it.[161]
- To do your best to leave every situation better than you found it.[161]
- To benefit others.[11]
- To give more than you take.[161]
- To end suffering.[190][191][192]
- To create equality.[193][194][195]
- To challenge oppression.[196]
- To distribute wealth.[197][198]
- To be generous.[199][200]
- To contribute to the well-being and spirit of others.[201][202]
- To help others,[8][200] to help one another.[203]
- To take every chance to help another while on your journey here.[161]
- To be creative and innovative.[201]
- To forgive.[161]
- To accept and forgive human flaws.[204][205]
- To be emotionally sincere.[163]
- To be responsible.[163]
- To be honorable.[163]
- To seek peace.[163]
Dante and Beatrice see God as a point of light surrounded by angels; from Gustave Doré’s illustrations for the Divine Comedy.
Meanings relating to religion
- To reach the highest heaven and be at the heart of the Divine.[206]
- To have a pure soul and experience God.[163]
- To understand the mystery of God.[168]
- To know or attain union with God.[207][208]
- To know oneself, know others, and know the will of heaven.[209]
- To love something bigger, greater, and beyond ourselves, something we did not create or have the power to create, something intangible and made holy by our very belief in it.[161]
- To love God[207] and all of his creations.[210]
- To glorify God by enjoying him forever.[211]
- To spread your religion and share it with others.[212][213]
- To act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with your God.[214]
- To be fruitful and multiply.[215] (Genesis 1:28)
- To obtain freedom. (Romans 8:20–21)
- To fill the Earth and subdue it.[215] (Genesis 1:28)
- To serve humankind,[216] to prepare to meet[217] and become more like God,[218][219][220][221] to choose good over evil,[222] and have joy.[223][224]
- [He] [God] who created death and life to test you [as to] who is best in deed and He is Exalted in Might, the Forgiving. (Quran 67:2)
- To worship God and enter heaven in afterlife.[225]
To love, to feel, to enjoy the act of living
- To love more.[161]
- To love those who mean the most. Every life you touch will touch you back.[161]
- To treasure every enjoyable sensation one has.[161]
- To seek beauty in all its forms.[161]
- To have fun or enjoy life.[168][201]
- To seek pleasure[163] and avoid pain.[226]
- To be compassionate.[163]
- To be moved by the tears and pain of others, and try to help them out of love and compassion.[161]
- To love others as best we possibly can.[161]
- To eat, drink, and be merry.[227]
To have power, to be better
- To strive for power[79] and superiority.[226]
- To rule the world.[169]
- To know and master the world.[212][228]
- To know and master nature.[229]
- To help life become as powerful as possible.[230]
Life has no meaning
- Life or human existence has no real meaning or purpose because human existence occurred out of a random chance in nature, and anything that exists by chance has no intended purpose.[189]
- Life has no meaning, but as humans we try to associate a meaning or purpose so we can justify our existence.[161]
- There is no point in life, and that is exactly what makes it so special.[161]
One should not seek to know and understand the meaning of life
- The answer to the meaning of life is too profound to be known and understood.[189]
- You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life.[161]
- The meaning of life is to forget about the search for the meaning of life.[161]
- Ultimately, a person should not ask what the meaning of their life is, but rather must recognize that it is they themselves who are asked. In a word, each person is questioned by life; and they can only answer to life by answering for their own life; to life they can only respond by being responsible.[231]
In popular culture
Charles Allan Gilbert’s All is Vanity, an example of vanitas, depicts a young woman amidst her makeup and perfumes, preoccupied with her own beauty at the mirror of her vanity. But all is positioned in such a way as to make the image of a skull appear, expressing memento mori, that no matter how good she looks, it won’t last, as death is inevitable.
The mystery of life and its true meaning is an often recurring subject in popular culture, featured in entertainment media and various forms of art.
Monty Python’s The Meaning of Life includes a character played by Michael Palin is handed an envelope containing «the meaning of life», which she opens and reads out to the audience: «Well, it’s nothing very special. Uh, try to be nice to people, avoid eating fat, read a good book every now and then, get some walking in, and try to live together in peace and harmony with people of all creeds and nations.»[232][233][234]
In Douglas Adams’ book The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything is given the numeric solution «42», after seven and a half million years of calculation by a giant supercomputer called Deep Thought. When this answer is met with confusion and anger from its constructors, Deep Thought explains that «I think the problem such as it was, was too broadly based. You never actually stated what the question was.»[235][8][236][237][238] Deep Thought then constructs another computer—the Earth—to calculate what the Ultimate Question actually is. Later Ford and Arthur manage to extract the question as the Earth computer would have rendered it. That question turns out to be «what do you get if you multiply six by nine»,[239] and it is realised that the program was ruined by the unexpected arrival of the Golgafrinchans on Earth, and so the actual Ultimate Question of Life, The Universe, And Everything remains unknown.
Hamlet meditating upon Yorick’s skull has become the most lasting embodiment of the imagery of vanitas, conveying the theme memento mori (‘Remember you shall die’). Whatever the meaning of life, it (life) is fleeting.
In Person of Interest season 5 episode 13, an artificial intelligence referred to as The Machine tells Harold Finch that the secret of life is «Everyone dies alone. But if you mean something to someone, if you help someone, or love someone. If even a single person remembers you then maybe you never really die at all.» This phrase is then repeated at the very end of the show to add emphasis to the finale.[240]
Existential crisis
Existential crises are crises of meaning. They are triggered by the impression that life lacks meaning.[241][242][243] This impression can lead to an inner conflict because there is a strong desire to find some form of meaning in life. In the existentialist literature, the discrepancy between the individual’s desire for meaning and the world’s apparent lack thereof is termed the absurd.[244][245][246] It may be summarized by the question «How does a being who needs meaning find meaning in a universe that has no meaning?».[247] While this conflict may affect different people at least to some extent, it reaches a more severe level in the case of existential crises. This level leads to various negative experiences, such as stress, anxiety, despair, and depression.[247][242][243] In the more serious cases, these symptoms disturb the individual’s normal functioning in everyday life. A positive side effect of these negative experiences is that they push the affected individual to address the underlying issue. This opens the opportunity of developing as a person and improving one’s way of life.[247][248]
Therapists often try to treat existential crises by helping their patients discover meaning in life. An important distinction in this regard is the difference between personal meaning and cosmic meaning.[247][249] In the cosmic sense, the term «meaning of life» refers to the purpose of the world as a whole or why we are here. One way to solve an existential crisis is to discover a satisfying answer to this question. This often takes the form of a religious explanation involving a divine entity that created the world for a certain purpose.[247][250][251] Another approach to solving existential crises is to seek meaning not on the cosmic but on the personal level. This usually takes a more secular form: the therapist helps the individual realize what matters to them or why their life is worth living.[247][249][252] In this regard, they may discover how their personal life can be meaningful, for example, by dedicating themselves to their family or their career. This approach may mitigate or solve an existential crisis even if the individual still lacks an answer to the bigger question of the deeper meaning behind everything.[247][243][250]
Importance
The question of the meaning of life is closely related to the question of what has importance or what matters. This is reflected in the fact that finding meaning in life is often associated with dedicating oneself to some kind of higher purpose, which is seen as having special importance.[253][254] Nonetheless, some theorists have argued that the two concepts are not identical.[253][255] This distinction is often motivated by the observation that seeking the meaning of life is usually regarded as an admirable goal associated with self-transcendence. Craving importance, on the other hand, seems to be a more egoistic or narcissistic aim in comparison.[253]
Various theorists have argued that to be important means to have an impact on the world or to make a difference. Some only require that this causal impact is big enough. Others include as an additional element that the difference in question has to affect the value of the world.[256][255][257] This is often interpreted with reference to well-being: the degree of importance of a thing is given by the extent to which it affects the well-being of sentient entities.[258][255][259] However, the relation to a purpose is usually not required for importance. In this regard, some things may be important accidentally or unintentionally without being guided by a higher goal. For example, a person may by chance bump into something and thereby unwittingly trigger a butterfly effect of extreme proportions. In such a case, the person’s life has acquired high importance due to the consequences it caused. Nonetheless, this does not imply that it has also acquired some form of deeper meaning or higher purpose.[253]
Another difference is that seeking and realizing the meaning of life is usually seen by most theorists as a positive and worthwhile undertaking. Importance, however, can be either positive or negative depending on the type of value difference involved.[253][255] For example, Alexander Fleming was important in a positive sense since his discovery of penicillin helped many people cure their bacterial infections.[260] Adolf Hitler, on the other hand, was important in a negative sense since his policies caused widespread suffering to innumerous people.[256]
See also
- Scientific explanations
- Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life – 1995 book by Daniel Dennett
- The Death of God and the Meaning of Life – 2014 book by Julian Young
- Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life – 2005 book by Nick Lane
- Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life – 2010 three-part television documentary
- Origin and nature of life and reality
- Abiogenesis – Natural process by which life arises from non-living matter
- Awareness – State or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, or sensory patterns
- Being – Philosophical study of being and existence
- Biosemiotics – Biology interpreted as a sign system
- Dao – Chinese concept
- Existence – Being present
- Human condition – Ultimate concerns of human existence
- Logos – Concept in philosophy, religion, rhetoric, and psychology
- Metaphysical naturalism – Philosophical worldview rejecting ‘supernatural’
- Perception – Interpretation of sensory information
- Reality – Sum or aggregate of all that is real or existent
- Simulated reality – Hypothesis that reality could be simulated
- Theory of everything – Hypothetical physical concept
- Teleology – Thinking in terms of destiny or purpose
- Ultimate fate of the universe – Theories about the end of the universe
- Value of life
- Culture of life – Way of life highlighting life’s sanctity; opposes abortion and assisted suicide
- Bioethics – Study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine
- Meaningful life – Fulfilling life guided by a purpose
- Quality of life – Degree of individual well-being
- Value of life – Economic value
- Purpose of life
- Destiny – Predetermined course of events
- Ethical living – philosophy
- Intentional living – conscious attempt to live according to certain values
- Life extension – Concept of extending human lifespan by improvements in medicine or biotechnology
- Man’s Search for Meaning – 1946 book by Viktor Frankl
- Means to an end – Philosophical concept
- Philosophy of life – German philosophical movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
- Miscellaneous
- Human extinction – Hypothetical end of the human species
- Ikigai – Japanese concept: a reason for being
- Life stance – Person’s relation with what they accept as being of ultimate importance
- Meaning-making – Process of understanding changes in life
- Perennial philosophy – All religions share a single truth
- Vale of tears – Religious phrase in Christianity
- World riddle – Term in ontology and consciousness studies
- World view – Fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society
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Haybron, Daniel M. (2013). Happiness: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959060-5. - ^ Kidd, I., «Cynicism,» in The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy, (eds. J.O. Urmson and Jonathan Rée), Routledge, (2005).
- ^ Long, A.A., «The Socratic Tradition: Diogenes, Crates, and Hellenistic Ethics,» in The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy. (eds. Branham and Goulet-Cazé), University of California Press, (1996).
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- ^ «Meaning of Life, The: Early Continental and Analytic Perspectives | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy». Retrieved 28 December 2022.
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- ^ Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty, ed. Himmelfarb. Penguin Classics, 1974, ed.’s introduction, p. 11.
- ^ a b Jérôme Bindé (2004). The Future of Values: 21st-Century Talks. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-57181-442-5.
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- ^ For example, see hygiene, antibiotics and vaccination.
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- ^ Irvin Yalom, Existential Psychotherapy, 1980.
- ^ See also: Existential therapy and Irvin D. Yalom.
- ^ Richard Taylor (1970). «Chapter 5: The Meaning of Life». Good and Evil. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-02-616690-4.
- ^ Wohlgennant, Rudolph. (1981). «Has the Question about the Meaning of Life any Meaning?» (Chapter 4). In E. Morscher, ed., Philosophie als Wissenschaft.
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- ^ «BLENDING AND METAPHOR». markturner.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ^ Landau, Mark J. (March 2018). «Using Metaphor to Find Meaning in Life». Review of General Psychology. 22 (1): 62–72. doi:10.1037/gpr0000105. PMC 5889147. PMID 29632431.
- ^ One Hundred Philosophers: A Guide to the World’s Greatest Thinkers Peter J. King.
- ^ Tu, Wei-Ming. Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transformation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.
- ^ Exodus 19:6.
- ^ Maimonides’ Confrontation with Mysticism, Menachem Kellner, Littman Library. Particularly the parable of the King’s Palace in divine worship, in the Guide for the Perplexed.
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- ^ Randolph L. Braham (1983). Contemporary Views on the Holocaust. Springer. ISBN 978-0-89838-141-2.
- ^ Kabbalah: A Very Short Introduction, Joseph Dan, Oxford University Press, Chapter «Early modern era: Safed spirituality».
- ^ Habad intellectual Hasidic thought: source text Tanya I: 36, 49; secondary text Heaven on Earth, Faitel Levin, Kehot publications.
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- ^ Bible, Acts 17:26–27, NKJV.
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- ^ «Doctrine and Covenants 138». churchofjesuschrist.org.
- ^ Drake-Brockman, Tom (2012). Christian Humanism: The Compassionate Theology of a Jew Called Jesus.
- ^ Quran 2:4, Quran 2:285, Quran 4:136.
- ^ In most English translations of Qur’an 51:56 translates the last word to «worship», but any Arabic (and Urdu) speaking person can confirm that «ABADON» means to follow the Will of Allah (NOT worship). This is relevant because the Will of Allah is not just to worship HIM; to be just and good with humanity is equally important.
- ^ The Day of Judgement Archived 30 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Iqra.net. Retrieved on 29 October 2013.
- ^ «Pillars of Islam». Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
- ^ Sahih Muslim, 1:1.
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- ^ Smith, P. (1999). A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá’í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 325–328. ISBN 978-1-85168-184-6.
- ^ For a more detailed Baháʼí perspective, see «‘The Purpose of Life’ Baháʼí Topics An Information Resource of the Baháʼí International Community». Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2009.
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- ^ For dharma, artha, and kama as «brahmanic householder values» see: Flood (1996), p. 17.
- ^ For the Dharma Śāstras as discussing the «four main goals of life» (dharma, artha, kama, and moksha) see: Hopkins, p. 78.
- ^ For definition of the term पुरुष-अर्थ (puruṣa-artha) as «any of the four principal objects of human life, i.e. धर्म, अर्थ, काम, and मोक्ष» see: Apte, p. 626, Middle column, Compound #1.
- ^ Bhaskarananda, Swami (1994). The Essentials of Hinduism: A Comprehensive Overview of the World’s Oldest Religion. Seattle, WA: Viveka Press. ISBN 978-1-884852-02-2.
- ^ Vivekananda, Swami (1987). Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda. Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama. ISBN 978-81-85301-75-4.
- ^ a b Werner, Karel (1994). «Hinduism». In Hinnells, John (ed.). A Popular Dictionary of Hinduism. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. ISBN 978-0-7007-0279-4.
- ^ See also the Vedic statement «Ayam Ātmā Brahma» (This Ātman is Brahman).
- ^ Gupta, Ravi M. (2007). Gavin Flood; University of Stirling (eds.). The Chaitanya Vaishnava Vedanta of Jiva Gosvami When Knowledge Meets Devotion. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-40548-5.
- ^ Tantric Literature And Gaudiya Vaishnavism Archived 25 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Shah, Natubhai. Jainism: The World of Conquerors. Sussex Academic Press, 1998.
- ^ «Viren, Jain» (PDF). RE Today. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
- ^ «The Four Noble Truths». Thebigview.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ University, © Stanford (17 February 2015). ««The Chief Characteristics and Doctrines of Mahayana Buddhism»«. The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ Arana, Juan Hincapié (1 January 2021). «A SEED IN AMITABHA’S HAND- Pure Land Buddhism’s path to peace in this life and the next by Juan Hincapie Arana». Amazon KDP. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ Daljeet Singh (1971). Guru Tegh Bahadur. Punjab.
- ^ Jon Mayled (2002). Modern World Religions: Sikhism. Harcourt Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-33626-4.
- ^ «The Sikh Coalition». sikhcoalition.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
- ^ a b Parrinder, Geoffrey (1971). World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present. United States: Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. ISBN 978-0-87196-129-7.
- ^ Ming-Dao Deng (1990). Scholar Warrior: An Introduction to the Tao in Everyday Life. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-250232-2.
- ^ J.W.T. Mason (2002). The Meaning of Shinto. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4122-4551-7.
- ^ See also: Zoroastrian eschatology.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r David Seaman (2005). The Real Meaning of Life. New World Library. ISBN 978-1-57731-514-8.
- ^ a b c Roger Ellerton, CMC (2013). Live Your Dreams… Let Reality Catch Up: NLP and Common Sense for Coaches, Managers and You. Renewal Technologies. ISBN 978-0-9784452-7-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j John Cook (2007). The Book of Positive Quotations. Fairview Press. ISBN 978-1-57749-169-9.
- ^ Steve Chandler (2005). Reinventing Yourself: How to Become the Person You’ve Always Wanted to Be. Career Press. ISBN 978-1-56414-817-9.
- ^ Matthew Kelly (2005). The Rhythm of Life: Living Every Day with Passion and Purpose. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6510-2.
- ^ Lee, Dong Yul; Park, Sung Hee; Uhlemann, Max R.; Patsult, Philip (June 2000). «What Makes You Happy?: A Comparison of Self-reported Criteria of Happiness Between Two Cultures». Social Indicators Research. 50 (3): 351–362. doi:10.1023/A:1004647517069. S2CID 141773177.
- ^ John Kultgen (1995). Autonomy and Intervention: Parentalism in the Caring Life. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-508531-0.
- ^ a b c d George Cappannelli; Sedena Cappannelli (2004). Authenticity: Simple Strategies for Greater Meaning and Purpose at Work and at Home. Emmis Books. ISBN 978-1-57860-148-6.
- ^ a b John G. West (2002). Celebrating Middle-Earth: The Lord of the Rings as a Defense of Western Civilization. Inkling Books. ISBN 978-1-58742-012-2.
- ^ Rachel Madorsky (2003). Create Your Own Destiny!: Spiritual Path to Success. Avanty House. ISBN 978-0-9705349-4-1.
- ^ A.C. Grayling. What is Good? The Search for the Best Way to Live. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003.
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- ^ Lovatt, Stephen C. (2007). New Skins for Old Wine. Universal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58112-960-1. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007.
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- ^ Nick Lane (2005). Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280481-5.
- ^ Kenneth M. Weiss; Anne V. Buchanan (2004). Genetics and the Logic of Evolution. Wiley-IEEE. ISBN 978-0-471-23805-8.
- ^ Jennifer Ackerman (2001). Chance in the House of Fate: A Natural History of Heredity. Houghton Mifflin Books. ISBN 978-0-618-21909-4.
- ^ Boyce Rensberger (1996). Life Itself: Exploring the Realm of the Living Cell. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512500-9.
- ^ Chris Grau (2005). Philosophers Explore the Matrix. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518107-4.
- ^ John M. Cooper; D. S. Hutchinson (1997). Plato: Complete Works. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87220-349-5.
- ^ John E. Findling; Frank W. Thackeray (2001). Events That Changed the World Through the Sixteenth Century. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29079-4.
- ^ Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama (1954). The Meaning of Life: Buddhist Perspectives on Cause and Effect. Doubleday.
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- ^ Richard A. Bowell (2004). The Seven Steps of Spiritual Intelligence: The Practical Pursuit of Purpose, Success and Happiness. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85788-344-2.
- ^ John C. Gibbs; Karen S. Basinger; Dick Fuller (1992). Moral Maturity: Measuring the Development of Sociomoral Reflection. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 978-0-8058-0425-6.
- ^ a b c Timothy Tang (2007). Real Answers to The Meaning of Life and Finding Happiness. iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-45941-4.
- ^ Tyler T. Roberts (1998). Contesting Spirit: Nietzsche, Affirmation, Religion. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00127-2.
- ^ Costigan, Lucy (2004). What is the Meaning of Your Life: A Journey Towards Ultimate Meaning. iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-33880-1.
- ^ Steven L. Jeffers; Harold Ivan Smith (2007). Finding a Sacred Oasis in Grief: A Resource Manual for Pastoral Care. Radcliffe Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84619-181-7.
- ^ David L. Jeffrey (1992). A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-3634-2.
- ^ Williams, Dana A. (2005). In the Light of Likeness-Transformed: The Literary Art of Leon Forrest. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8142-0994-3.
- ^ Jerry Z. Muller (1997). Conservatism: An Anthology of Social and Political Thought from David Hume to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03711-0.
- ^ Mary Nash; Bruce Stewart (2002). Spirituality and Social Care: Contributing to Personal and Community Well-being. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84310-024-9.
- ^ Xinzhong Yao (2000). An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64430-3.
- ^ Bryan S. Turner; Chris Rojek (2001). Society and Culture: Principles of Scarcity and Solidarity. SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-7049-1.
- ^ Anil Goonewardene (1994). Buddhist Scriptures. Harcourt Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-30355-6.
- ^ a b Luc Ferry (2002). Man Made God: The Meaning of Life. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-24484-6.
- ^ a b c Eric G. Stephan; R. Wayne Pace (2002). Powerful Leadership: How to Unleash the Potential in Others and Simplify Your Own Life. FT Press. ISBN 978-0-13-066836-3.
- ^ Cumberland, Dan (18 May 2015). «Finding Purpose in Life». TheMeaningMovement. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
- ^ Dominique Moyse Steinberg (2004). The Mutual-Aid Approach to Working with Groups: Helping People Help One Another. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-0-7890-1462-7.
- ^ John Caunt (2002). Boost Your Self-Esteem. Kogan Page. ISBN 978-0-7494-3871-5.
- ^ Ho’oponopono.
- ^ Z’ev ben Shimon Halevi (1993). The Work of the Kabbalist. Weiser. ISBN 978-0-87728-637-0.
- ^ a b Michael Joachim Girard (2006). Essential Believing for the Christian Soul. Xulon Press. ISBN 978-1-59781-596-3.
- ^ Jaideva Singh (2003). Vijñanabhairava. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0820-1.
- ^ T.M.P. Mahadevan (1974). Philosophy: Theory and Practice (Proceedings of the International Seminar on World Philosophy). Centre for Advanced Study in Philosophy, University of Madras.
- ^ John T. Scully (2007). The Five Commandments. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4251-1910-2.
- ^ John Piper (2006). Desiring God. Multnomah Books. ISBN 978-1-59052-119-9.
- ^ a b Peter Harrison (2001). The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00096-3.
- ^ Matthew 28:18–20.
- ^
Micah 6:8. - ^ a b Thomas Patrick Burke (2004). The Major Religions: An Introduction with Texts. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-1049-5.
- ^ Book of Mormon: Mosiah 2:17. 1830.
And behold, I tell you these things that ye may learn wisdom; that ye may learn that when ye are in the service of your fellow beings ye are only in the service of your God.
- ^ Book of Mormon: Alma 32:32. 1830.
For behold, this life is the time for men to prepare to meet God; yea, behold the day of this life is the day for men to perform their labors.
- ^ Holy Bible: Genesis 3:22.
And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil…
- ^ Holy Bible: Matthew 5:48.
Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect.
- ^ Pearl of Great Price: Book of Moses 1:37–39. 1830. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
And the Lord God spake unto Moses, saying: … For behold, this is my work and my glory—to bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man.
- ^ «Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Lorenzo Snow». Lorenzo Snow. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 2011 [1884]. p. 83.
As man now is, God once was: As God now is, man may be.
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: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Book of Mormon: Alma 29:5. 1830.
Yea, and I know that good and evil have come before all men; he that knoweth not good from evil is blameless; but he that knoweth good and evil, to him it is given according to his desires, whether he desireth good or evil, life or death, joy or remorse of conscience.
- ^ Book of Mormon: 2 Nephi 2:25. 1830.
Adam fell that men might be; and men are, that they might have joy.
- ^ Pearl of Great Price: Book of Moses 5:11. 1830.
And Eve, his wife, heard all these things and was glad, saying: Were it not for our transgression we never should have had seed, and never should have known good and evil, and the joy of our redemption, and the eternal life which God giveth unto all the obedient.
- ^ Holisiajay Quran 51:56. Quranic Arabic Corpus.
I created the jinn and humankind only that they might worship Me.
- ^ a b T.W. Mitchell (1927). Problems in Psychopathology. Harcourt, Brace & Company.
- ^ Ecclesiastes 8.
- ^ Steven Dillon (2006). The Solaris Effect: Art and Artifice in Contemporary American Film. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71345-1.
- ^ Raymond Aron (2000). The Century of Total War. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 978-0-86171-173-4.
- ^ Stewart, John (5 March 2010). «Is this the meaning of life? John Stewart argues that despite the perception that science has stripped the meaning from life, recent developments in evolutionary theory suggest that humans have a central role to play in the future of the universe». The Guardian.
- ^ Man’s Search for Meaning, Viktor Frankl. Beacon Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8070-1426-4.
- ^ «Monty Python’s Completely Useless Web Site: Monty Python’s The Meaning of Life: Complete Script». intriguing.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
- ^ Terry Burnham (2005). Mean Markets and Lizard Brains: How to Profit from the New Science of Irrationality. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-71695-2.
- ^ Yolanda Fernandez (2002). In Their Shoes: Examining the Issue of Empathy and Its Place in the Treatment of Offenders. Wood ‘N’ Barnes Publishing. ISBN 978-1-885473-48-6.
- ^ Adams, Douglas (29 March 1978). «The Hitch-Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (Fit the Fourth)» (Audio, Radio). BBC Radio 4.
I think the problem such as it was, was too broadly based. You never actually stated what the question was.
; - ^ Glenn Yeffeth (2005). The Anthology at the End of the Universe: Leading Science Fiction Authors on Douglas Adams’ The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. BenBella Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-932100-56-3.
- ^ William B. Badke (2005). The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Meaning of Everything. Kregel Publications. ISBN 978-0-8254-2069-6.
- ^ Douglas Adams (1979). The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. London: Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-25864-7.
- ^ Adams, Douglas (12 April 1978). «The Hitch-Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (Fit the Sixth)» (Audio, Radio). BBC Radio 4.
That’s it. Six by nine… forty-two! I always said there was something fundamentally wrong about the universe!
; - ^ ««Person of Interest» recap (5.13): The sound of my voice». After Ellen. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
- ^ «APA Dictionary of Psychology: existential crisis». dictionary.apa.org.
- ^ a b Andrews, Mary (April 2016). «The existential crisis». Behavioral Development Bulletin. 21 (1): 104–109. doi:10.1037/bdb0000014.
- ^ a b c Butenaitė, Joana; Sondaitė, Jolanta; Mockus, Antanas (2016). «Components of existential crises: a theoretical analysis». International Journal of Psychology: A Biopsychosocial Approach. 18: 9–27. doi:10.7220/2345-024X.18.1.
- ^ Crowell, Steven (2020). «Existentialism». The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ Blomme, Robert J. (2013). «Absurdism as a Fundamental Value: Camusian Thoughts on Moral Development in Organisations». International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy. 7 (2): 116. doi:10.1504/IJMCP.2013.055720.
- ^ Honderich, Ted, ed. (2005). «absurd, the». The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g Yalom, Irvin D. (17 March 2020). «10. Meaninglessness». Existential Psychotherapy. Basic Books. ISBN 978-1-5416-4744-2.
- ^ Greer, Frank (October 1980). «Toward a Developmental View of Adult Crisis: a Re-Examination of Crisis Theory». Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 20 (4): 17–29. doi:10.1177/002216788002000404. ISSN 0022-1678. S2CID 146743538.
- ^ a b Pratt, Alan. «Nihilism». Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ a b Yang, William; Staps, Ton; Hijmans, Ellen (2010). «Existential crisis and the awareness of dying: the role of meaning and spirituality». Omega. 61 (1): 53–69. doi:10.2190/OM.61.1.c. ISSN 0030-2228. PMID 20533648. S2CID 22290227.
- ^ Zapffe, Peter Wessel. «The Last Messiah». Philosophy Now (45).
- ^ «nihilism». www.britannica.com.
- ^ a b c d e Kahane, Guy (10 June 2022). «Meaningfulness and Importance». In Landau, Iddo (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Meaning in Life. pp. 92–108. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190063504.013.6. ISBN 978-0-19-006350-4.
- ^ Nozick, Robert (1981). «6. Philosophy and the meaning of life». Philosophical Explanations. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-66479-1.
- ^ a b c d Nozick, Robert (15 December 1990). «16. Importance and Weight». Examined Life: Philosophical Meditations. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-72501-3.
- ^ a b Kahane, Guy (13 August 2021). «Importance, Value, and Causal Impact». Journal of Moral Philosophy. 19 (6): 577–601. doi:10.1163/17455243-20213581. ISSN 1745-5243. S2CID 238678531.
- ^ Benatar, David (5 May 2017). «3. Meaninglessness». The Human Predicament: A Candid Guide to Life’s Biggest Questions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-063382-0.
- ^ Benbaji, Yitzhak (2001). «The Moral, the Personal, and the Importance of What We Care about». Philosophy. 76 (297): 415–433. doi:10.1017/S0031819101000365. ISSN 0031-8191. JSTOR 3751779. S2CID 143737564.
- ^ Tugendhat, Ernst (4 October 2016). «2. «Good» and «Important»«. Egocentricity and Mysticism: An Anthropological Study. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54293-7.
- ^ Morris, Chris (28 March 2016). «10 wonder drugs that changed our lives forever». CNBC. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to Life.
- Meaning of Life: The Analytic Perspective article in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- The Meaning of Life in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Wikiversity:Do living things on Earth have a purpose?
Quotes tagged as «meaning-of-life»
Showing 1-30 of 1,292
“You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life.”
―
“Life has no meaning. Each of us has meaning and we bring it to life. It is a waste to be asking the question when you are the answer.”
―
Joseph Campbell
“Learn to light a candle in the darkest moments of someone’s life. Be the light that helps others see; it is what gives life its deepest significance.”
―
Roy T. Bennett,
The Light in the Heart
“I go to seek a Great Perhaps.”
―
François Rabelais
“In the beginning, God created the earth, and he looked upon it in His cosmic loneliness.
And God said, «Let Us make living creatures out of mud, so the mud can see what We have done.» And God created every living creature that now moveth, and one was man. Mud as man alone could speak. God leaned close to mud as man sat up, looked around, and spoke. Man blinked. «What is the purpose of all this?» he asked politely.
«Everything must have a purpose?» asked God.
«Certainly,» said man.
«Then I leave it to you to think of one for all this,» said God.
And He went away.”
―
Kurt Vonnegut,
Cat’s Cradle
“The human race is a monotonous affair. Most people spend the greatest part of their time working in order to live, and what little freedom remains so fills them with fear that they seek out any and every means to be rid of it.”
―
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,
The Sorrows of Young Werther
“It does not matter how long you are spending on the earth, how much money you have gathered or how much attention you have received. It is the amount of positive vibration you have radiated in life that matters,”
―
Amit Ray,
Meditation: Insights and Inspirations
“Doubt as sin. — Christianity has done its utmost to close the circle and declared even doubt to be sin. One is supposed to be cast into belief without reason, by a miracle, and from then on to swim in it as in the brightest and least ambiguous of elements: even a glance towards land, even the thought that one perhaps exists for something else as well as swimming, even the slightest impulse of our amphibious nature — is sin! And notice that all this means that the foundation of belief and all reflection on its origin is likewise excluded as sinful. What is wanted are blindness and intoxication and an eternal song over the waves in which reason has drowned.”
―
Friedrich Nietzsche,
Daybreak: Thoughts on the Prejudices of Morality
“Prime numbers are what is left when you have taken all the patterns away. I think prime numbers are like life. They are very logical but you could never work out the rules, even if you spent all your time thinking about them.”
―
Mark Haddon,
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
“There is not one big cosmic meaning for all; there is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person.”
―
Anaïs Nin,
The Diary of Anaïs Nin, Vol. 1: 1931-1934
“The literal meaning of life is whatever you’re doing that prevents you from killing yourself.”
―
Albert Camus
“I have learned that you can go anywhere you want to go and do anything you want to do and buy all the things that you want to buy and meet all the people that you want to meet and learn all the things that you desire to learn and if you do all these things but are not madly in love: you have still not begun to live.”
―
C. JoyBell C.
“Do you know a cure for me?»
«Why yes,» he said, «I know a cure for everything. Salt water.»
«Salt water?» I asked him.
«Yes,» he said, «in one way or the other. Sweat, or tears, or the salt sea.”
―
Isak Dinesen,
Seven Gothic Tales
“About once or twice every month I engage in public debates with those whose pressing need it is to woo and to win the approval of supernatural beings. Very often, when I give my view that there is no supernatural dimension, and certainly not one that is only or especially available to the faithful, and that the natural world is wonderful enough—and even miraculous enough if you insist—I attract pitying looks and anxious questions. How, in that case, I am asked, do I find meaning and purpose in life? How does a mere and gross materialist, with no expectation of a life to come, decide what, if anything, is worth caring about?
Depending on my mood, I sometimes but not always refrain from pointing out what a breathtakingly insulting and patronizing question this is. (It is on a par with the equally subtle inquiry: Since you don’t believe in our god, what stops you from stealing and lying and raping and killing to your heart’s content?) Just as the answer to the latter question is: self-respect and the desire for the respect of others—while in the meantime it is precisely those who think they have divine permission who are truly capable of any atrocity—so the answer to the first question falls into two parts. A life that partakes even a little of friendship, love, irony, humor, parenthood, literature, and music, and the chance to take part in battles for the liberation of others cannot be called ‘meaningless’ except if the person living it is also an existentialist and elects to call it so. It could be that all existence is a pointless joke, but it is not in fact possible to live one’s everyday life as if this were so. Whereas if one sought to define meaninglessness and futility, the idea that a human life should be expended in the guilty, fearful, self-obsessed propitiation of supernatural nonentities… but there, there. Enough.”
―
Christopher Hitchens,
Hitch 22: A Memoir
“If there is meaning in life at all, then there must be meaning in suffering.”
―
Viktor Frankl
“Life is problems. Living is solving problems.”
―
Raymond E. Feist,
Silverthorn
“Because children grow up, we think a child’s purpose is to grow up. But a child’s purpose is to be a child. Nature doesn’t disdain what lives only for a day. It pours the whole of itself into the each moment. We don’t value the lily less for not being made of flint and built to last. Life’s bounty is in its flow, later is too late. Where is the song when it’s been sung? The dance when it’s been danced? It’s only we humans who want to own the future, too. We persuade ourselves that the universe is modestly employed in unfolding our destination. We note the haphazard chaos of history by the day, by the hour, but there is something wrong with the picture. Where is the unity, the meaning, of nature’s highest creation? Surely those millions of little streams of accident and wilfulness have their correction in the vast underground river which, without a doubt, is carrying us to the place where we’re expected! But there is no such place, that’s why it’s called utopia. The death of a child has no more meaning than the death of armies, of nations. Was the child happy while he lived? That is a proper question, the only question. If we can’t arrange our own happiness, it’s a conceit beyond vulgarity to arrange the happiness of those who come after us.”
―
Tom Stoppard,
The Coast of Utopia
“Beyond work and love, I would add two other ingredients that give meaning to life. First, to fulfill whatever talents we are born with. However blessed we are by fate with different abilities and strengths, we should try to develop them to the fullest, rather than allow them to atrophy and decay. We all know individuals who did not fulfill the promise they showed in childhood. Many of them became haunted by the image of what they might have become. Instead of blaming fate, I think we should accept ourselves as we are and try to fulfill whatever dreams are within our capability.
Second, we should try to leave the world a better place than when we entered it. As individuals, we can make a difference, whether it is to probe the secrets of Nature, to clean up the environment and work for peace and social justice, or to nurture the inquisitive, vibrant spirit of the young by being a mentor and a guide.”
―
Michio Kaku
“As soon as you look at the world through an ideology you are finished. No reality fits an ideology. Life is beyond that. … That is why people are always searching for a meaning to life… Meaning is only found when you go beyond meaning. Life only makes sense when you perceive it as mystery and it makes no sense to the conceptualizing mind.”
―
Anthony de Mello
“The problem for us is not are our desires satisfied or not. The problem is how do we know what we desire.”
―
Slavoj Žižek
“As far as we can tell from a purely scientific viewpoint, human life has absolutely no meaning. Humans are the outcome of blind evolutionary processes that operate without goal or purpose. Our actions are not part of some divine cosmic plan, and if planet earth were to blow up tomorrow morning, the universe would probably keep going about its business as usual. As far as we can tell at this point, human subjectivity would not be missed. Hence any meaning that people inscribe to their lives is just a delusion.”
―
Yuval Noah Harari,
Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
“Plato says that the unexamined life is not worth living. But what if the examined life turns out to be a clunker as well?”
―
Kurt Vonnegut,
Wampeters, Foma and Granfalloons
“The secret to life is meaningless unless you discover it yourself.”
―
W. Somerset Maugham,
Of Human Bondage
“Life has to be given a meaning because of the obvious fact that it has no meaning.”
―
Henry Miller
“Human beings are so destructive. I sometimes think we’re a kind of plague, that will scrub the earth clean. We destroy things so well that I sometimes think, maybe that’s our function. Maybe every few eons, some animal comes along that kills off the rest of the world, clears the decks, and lets evolution proceed to its next phase.”
―
Michael Crichton,
The Lost World
“There are powers far beyond us, plans far beyond what we could have ever thought of, visions far more vast than what we can ever see on our own with our own eyes, there are horizons long gone beyond our own horizons. This is courage- to throw away what is our own that is limited and to thrust ourselves into the hands of these higher powers- God and Destiny.To do this is to abide in the realm of the eternal, to walk in the path of the everlasting to follow in the footprints of God and demi-gods. The hardest part for man is the letting go. For some reason, he thinks himself big enough to know and to see what’s good for him. But in the letting go……..is found freedom. In the letting go…….. is found the flight!”
―
C. JoyBell C.
Вдохновляющие английские цитаты и фразы про смысл жизни. Сделайте свою жизнь по-настоящему значимой и счастливой!
Live in the now! — Живи настоящим!
Life is a Journey, not a Destination. — Жизнь — это путешествие, а не пункт назначения.
The meaning of life is to give life meaning. — Смысл жизни в том, чтобы дать жизни смысл.
Lessons in life will be repeated until they are learned. — Жизненные уроки будут повторяться до тех пор, пока они не будут усвоены.
Be happy for this moment. This moment is your life. — Будь счастлив в этот момент (сейчас). Этот момент и есть твоя жизнь.
Fill your life with experiences, not things. Have stories to tell, not stuff to show. — Наполните свою жизнь опытом, а не вещами. Рассказывайте истории, а не хвастайтесь вещами.
You live only once. — Ты живёшь только раз.
Life is short. Do stuff that matters. — Жизнь коротка. Делай то, что имеет значение.
Try to find your happiness. Every day. In little things. — Попробуйте найти свое счастье. Каждый день. В мелочах.
You are either the creator or the destroyer of your life experience. — Ты или создатель, или разрушитель своего жизненного опыта.
Life is a series of choices. — Жизнь — это череда выборов.
Collect moments, not things. — Цени моменты, а не вещи.
Sometimes things that hurt you most, teach you the greatest lessons in life. — Иногда вещи, которые причиняют вам самую большую боль, учат вас самым большим урокам в жизни.
What good are wings without the courage to fly? — Что хорошего в крыльях без смелости летать?
Nothing stays forever because the only constant is change. — Ничто не остается навсегда, потому что единственная константа (постоянная) — это изменение.
Live your life with arms wide open. — Живи свою жизнь с широко открытыми руками.
You cannot save people, you can only love them. — Вы не можете спасти людей, вы можете только любить их.
Fear does not prevent death. It prevents life. — Страх не спасает нас от смерти. Но он не даёт жить полной жизнью.
Everyone underwent something that changed him… — Каждый пережил что-то, что изменило его …
Those seek for the meaning of life who found no happiness in it… — Те ищут смысл жизни, кто не находят в ней счастья …
Красивые цитаты на английском
Главная › Английский язык ›
27.07.2020
- Life isn’t about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself. Жизнь не в том, чтобы найти себя. Жизнь – это формирование себя самого. George Bernard Shaw.
- The most important thing is to enjoy your life – to be happy – it’s all that matters. Самое главное – наслаждаться жизнью. Быть счастливым – это все, что имеет значение. Audrey Hepburn
- I have found that if you love life, life will love you back. Я обнаружил, что если ты любишь жизнь, жизнь будет любить тебя в ответ. Arthur Rubinstein
- Life is really simple, but we insist on making it complicated. Жизнь действительно проста, но мы изо всех сил стараемся ее усложнить. Confucius
- In the end, it’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years. В конце концов, не годы в вашей жизни имеют значение, а жизнь в этих годах. Abraham Lincoln
- Life is inherently risky. There is only one big risk you should avoid at all costs, and that is the risk of doing nothing. Жизнь по своей природе рискованна. Существует только один большой риск, который вы должны избегать любой ценой, и это риск ничего не делать. Denis Waitley
- We all have two lives. The second one starts when we realize we only have one. У всех нас есть две жизни. Вторая жизнь начинается, когда мы понимаем, что у нас есть только одна. Tom Hiddleston
- You get in life what you have the courage to ask for. Вы получаете в жизни то, что имеете мужество просить. Oprah Winfrey
- People have different reasons for the way they live their lives. You cannot put everyone’s reasons in the same box. У людей разные причины того, зачем они живут. Вы не можете поместить все причины в одну и ту же коробку. Kevin Spacey
- To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all. Жить – самая редкая вещь в мире. Большинство людей всего лишь существуют. Oscar Wilde
- Life is what happens to you while you’re busy making other plans. Жизнь – это то, что происходит с вами, пока вы заняты составлением других планов. Allen Saunders
- Life is a progress, and not a station. Жизнь – это процесс, а не остановка. Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Life is 10% what happens to us and 90% how we react to it. Жизнь – это 10% того, что с нами происходит, и 90% того, как мы реагируем на это. Dennis P. Kimbro
- Many of life’s failures are experienced by people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. Многие жизненные неудачи испытывают люди, которые не осознавали, насколько близки они были к успеху, когда сдались. Thomas Edison
- Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value. Стремитесь быть не успешным, а ценным. Albert Einstein
- Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Ваше время ограничено, поэтому не тратьте его впустую, проживая чужую жизнь. Steve Jobs
- The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why. Два самых важных дня в вашей жизни – это день вашего рождения и день, когда вы узнаете, зачем. Mark Twain
- Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards. Жизнь можно понять только глядя назад; но жить нужно, глядя вперед. Soren Kierkegaard
- It always seems impossible until it’s done. Что-то кажется невозможным, пока вы это не сделаете. Nelson Mandela
- Keep your eyes on the stars and your feet on the ground. Смотрите на звезды и стойте на земле. Theodore Roosevelt
- Anyone who lives within their means suffers from a lack of imagination. Любой, кто живет по средствам, страдает от недостатка воображения. Oscar Wilde
- The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step. Путешествие в тысячу миль начинается с первого шага. Lao Tzu
- In the middle of a difficulty lies opportunity. В середине трудности лежит возможность. Albert Einstein
- I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. Я снова и снова терпел неудачи в своей жизни. И именно поэтому я преуспел. Michael Jordan
- A fear-oriented man is always calculating, planning, arranging, safeguarding. His whole life is lost in this way. Человек, ориентированный на страх, всегда рассчитывает, планирует, договаривается, осторожничает. Вся его жизнь тратится таким образом. Osho
Рекомендуем также насладиться другими цитатами на английском:
- Мотивирующие цитаты
- Цитаты великих людей
- Цитаты про новый год и Рождество
- Цитаты из Гарри Поттера
- Короткие цитаты со смыслом
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Как помогают статусы в изучении английского языка?
Позитивные цитаты и высказывания особенно полезно читать по утрам, чтобы настраивать, таким образом, свой день на хороший лад. А знание и запоминание статусов на английском языке позволяет чувствовать себя человеку героем вдвойне.
Для тех, кто занимается самостоятельным изучением английского с нуля, и тех, кто желает закрепить или совершенствовать уже имеющиеся знания, статусы являются не просто способом заявить о себе. Цитаты и различные изречения это, как правило, короткие и легкие предложения
При чтении и заучивании статусов важно обращать внимание на то, как грамматически сформировано предложение: какое время использовано, какова структура вопросительного предложения и т. д
Все статусы можно разделить на несколько категорий, согласно тематике: красивые статусы, статусы про любовь, про жизнь, прикольные статусы и др. Ниже представлена подборка самых популярных, трогательных и остроумных статусов.
Цитаты на английском из книг и фольклора
Литература — основной источник цитат на английском. Причем, вспоминая красивые английские цитаты, обращаются обычно к Шекспиру, как будто кроме Шекспира никто не оставил после себя цитаты со смыслом, который хочется запомнить и обдумать.
На самом деле, конечно, множество английских, американских и вообще англоговорящих писателей создали удивительные тексты. Более того: великие цитаты есть в переписке известных личностей, эпосе (легендах) и других источниках, традиционно относящихся к литературе.
Мы собрали вместе некоторые цитаты на английском с переводом, которыми хочется поделиться.
- To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that’s all. (Oscar Wilde). Жить — редчайшее в мире явление. Большинство людей просто существуют. (Оскар Уайльд).
- All the world is made of faith, and trust, and pixie dust. (James Matthew Barrie). Весь мир сделан из веры, доверия и пыльцы фей. (Джеймс Мэтью Барри).
- When they are preparing for war, those who rule by force speak most copiously about peace until they have completed the mobilization process. (Stefan Zweig). Готовясь к войне, деспотичные правители все чаще говорят о мире; так продолжается, пока не закончится процесс мобилизации. (Стефан Цвейг).
- Now I have done what I can, he thought. Let him begin to circle and let the fight come. (Ernest Hemingway). “Теперь я сделал все, что мог,” подумал он. Это и было началом борьбы. Эрнест Хэмингуей.
Цитаты на английском языке с переводом — сборник лучших цитат
Содержание страницы:
- Цитаты про жизнь
- Цитаты про природу
- Цитаты из фильмов
Цитаты на английском языке с переводом сплошь и рядом наводняют социальные сети. Их часто используют в качестве статусов, развлекательного контента и др. Если вы так же хотите блеснуть знанием английского языка, а именно крылатых выражений и красивых высказываний великих людей, используйте нашу подборку красивых цитат на английском с переводом ниже.
Для вашего удобства все фразы разделены по тематическим группам. Читайте еще: Цитаты из книг.
Цитаты на английском про успех и мотивацию
Success is the child of audacity. Benjamin Disraeli — Успех— дитя смелости. Бенджамин Дизраэли
Success is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration. Thomas Edison— Успех — это один процент вдохновения и девяносто девять процентов пота. Томас Эдисон
Calamities are of two kinds. Misfortunes to ourselves, and good fortune to others. — Бедствия бывают двух сортов: неудачи, которые терпим мы и удачи, которые сопутствуют другим.
Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. Winston Churchill— Успех — это умение двигаться от неудачи к неудаче, не теряя энтузиазма. Уинстон Черчилль
Destroy what destroys you. —Уничтожь, то что уничтожает тебя.
Build your own dreams, or someone else will hire you to build theirs. Farrah Gray — Воплощайте собственные мечты, или кто-то другой наймёт вас, чтобы воплощать свои. Фарра Грей
The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential… these are the keys that will unlock the door to personal excellence. Confucius — Воля к победе, желание добиться успеха, стремление полностью раскрыть свои возможности… вот те ключи, которые откроют дверь к личному совершенству. Конфуций
Success is not in what you have, but who you are. — Успех не в том, что имеешь, а в том, что ты из себя представляешь.
Fall seven times and stand up eight. — Упади семь раз, поднимись восемь (Японская пословица).
There are no shortcuts to any place worth going. Helen Keller — К достойной цели нет коротких путей. Хелен Келлер
Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. Herman Cain — Успех — не ключ к счастью. Это счастье — ключ к успеху. Герман Кейн
I am not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions. Stephen Covey — Я не продукт моих обстоятельств. Я продукт моих решений. Стивен Кови
Failure does not mean I have disgraced; It does mean I have dared to try. — Неудача не означает, что я опозорен; Она означает, я имел смелость рискнуть
Цитаты на английском про жизнь
Your life is not a problem to be solved but a gift to be opened. — Твоя жизнь – это не проблема, которую нужно решить, а подарок, который нужно раскрыть.
Everyone is the creator of one’s own fate. — Каждый сам творец своей судьбы. «
Remember no one can make you feel inferior without your consent. Eleanor Roosevelt— Помните: никто не может заставить вас почувствовать себя униженным без вашего согласия. Элеонора Рузвельт.
It’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years. Abraham Lincoln — Имеет значение не количество прожитых лет, а качество вашей жизни в эти годы. Авраам Линкольн
You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough. Mae West— Мы живём один раз, но если правильно распорядиться жизнью, то и одного раза достаточно. Мэй Уэст
We do not remember days, we remember moments. — Мы не помни дни, мы помним моменты.
When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion. Abraham Lincoln — Когда я делаю добро, я чувствую себя хорошо. Когда я поступаю плохо, я чувствую себя плохо. Вот моя религия.Авраам Линкольн
Everyone has one’s own path — У каждого своя дорога.
Don’t let your mind kill your heart and soul. — Не позволяй своему разуму убить твое сердце и душу.
Do not squander time – this is stuff life is made of. — Не тратьте время зря – из него состоит жизнь.
World belongs to the patient.. — Мир принадлежит терпеливым..
Everyone sees the world in one’s own way — Каждый человек видит мир по-своему.
Everyone is the creator of one’s own fate — Каждый сам творец своей судьбы.
Nobody’s perfect, but me. Никто не совершенен кроме меня.
Never look back — Никогда не оглядываюсь назад.
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. Charles Darwin — Выживает не самый сильный и не самый умный, а тот, кто лучше всех приспосабливается к изменениям. Чарльз Дарвин
Be careful with your thoughts – they are the beginning of deeds. — Будьте внимательны к своим мыслям — они начало поступков
Цитаты на английском про природу
Stretching his hand out to catch the stars, he forgets the flowers at his feet. — Вытягивая руку, чтобы поймать звёзды, он забывает о цветах у себя под ногами.
Winter is on my head, but eternal spring is in my heart — Пускай на дворе зима, но в сердце моем вечная весна.
An optimist is the human personification of spring. — Оптимизм – это человеческое олицетворение весны.
Spring time is nature at its best. — Весна – это природа в самом лучшем ее проявлении.
Life’s not about waiting for the storm to pass… it’s about learning to dance in the rain. — Жизнь – это не ожидание того, пока пройдет буря…Это умение танцевать прямо под дождем.
All art is an imitation of nature. — Все искусство – это подражание природе.
Spring breathes new life into the world around us. — Весна вдыхает новую жизнь в мир, окружающий нас.
No winter lasts forever; no spring skips its turn. — Ни одна зима не длится вечно, ведь ни одна весна не упустит своей очереди.
After rain comes fair weather. — После дождя приходит отличная погода.
Wisdom comes with winters. — Мудрость приходит с началом зимы.
Мудрые изречения о жизни
Во все времена люди пытались постичь себя, общество, цель существования этого мира. Но подметить важные вещи в череде серых будней сможет только выдающийся мыслитель. В данном разделе мы приведем мудрые высказывания об устройстве мира, которые оставили после себя великие философы, ученые, писатели и другие знаменитые деятели различных исторических эпох, а также неизвестные авторы.
Эти мотивационные и умные фразы о жизни смогут вас ободрить и сподвигнуть на открытие чего-то нового в своей жизни. Кто-то посчитает, что подобные изречения слишком пафосные, а кому-то посчастливится найти здесь величайшее высказывание, ставшее девизом всей жизни.
В любом случае, мы приводим эти фразы на английском с переводом, и надеемся, что они никого не оставят равнодушным.
The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential… these are the keys that will unlock the door to personal excellence. — Стремление побеждать, жажда успеха, желание полностью раскрыть свой потенциал – это те ключи, которые открывают дверь к личному самосовершенствованию.
Followyour — Следуй за своим сердцем.
The mind is everything. What you think you become. — Ум – это всё. О чем ты думаешь, тем ты и становишься.
We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light. — Ребенка, пугающегося темноты можно легко простить, но взрослые люди, скрывающиеся от света, – это настоящая драма жизни.
If you let your past go, it doesn’t mean that your past will let you go. — Если ты отрекся от своего прошлого, это еще не значит, что твое прошлое отреклось от тебя.
When you start thinking a lot about your past, it becomes your present and you can’t see your future without it. — Когда ты начинаешь думать о прошлом, оно превращается в твое настоящее, за которым не видно будущего.
Wisdom is knowing how little we know. — Мудрость – это понимание того, насколько мало мы знаем.
Everyone underwent something that changed him. — Каждый прошел через что-то такое, что изменило его.
We do not remember days, we remember moments. — Мы помним не дни, мы помним моменты.
To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that’s all. — Настоящая жизнь – редчайшая вещь в мире. Большинство людей всего лишь существуют.
He, who makes a beast of himself, gets rid of the pain of being a man. — Тот, кто пробуждает в себе зверя, больше не чувствует, как это больно – быть человеком.
Everyone has one’s own path. — У каждого свой собственный путь.
Trying about happiness others, we find own happiness. — Стараясь осчастливить других, мы находим собственное счастье.
When in doubt, tell the truth. — Когда сомневаешься – говори правду.
When life gives you lemons, drink tequila! — Когда жизнь подает тебе лимоны – пей текилу!
Everyone is the creator of one’s own fate — Каждый из нас – творец своей собственной судьбы.
Фразы про любовь и отношения
Все, наверное, замечали гламурные и модные фразочки о любви на страницах популярных социальных сетей? Согласитесь, от них часто веет фальшью и неискренностью. Прочувствовать настоящее переживание и выразить его в короткой фразе – редкая удача, которая сопутствует далеко не каждому.
Мы отобрали наиболее искренние и лучшие фразы о любви на английском языке с переводом, способные отогреть холодные сердца и разбудить в них самое светлое чувство.
We hate the ones we love because they can cause the deepest suffering. — Мы ненавидим тех, кого любит потому, что они могут причинить нам самые тяжелые страдания.
All we need is love. — Всё, что нам необходимо – это любовь.
Цитаты про жизнь на английском
When life gives you lemons, drink tequila!
Variety’s the very spice of life, that gives it all its flavour.
Разнообразие — та самая приправа к жизни, которая придает ей весь аромат. Уильям Каупер 9
Beauty is power; a smile is its sword.
Красота — это сила, и улыбка — ее меч. 11
Those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.
Тот, кто не может изменить свои мысли, не может изменить ничего. Бернард Шоу 23
One word frees us of all the weight and pain of life: that word is love.
Одно слово освобождает нас от всех тяжестей и болей жизни: это слово — любовь. 2
Lost time is never found again.
Потерянное время не вернешь. 17
Our life is what our thoughts make it.
Наша жизнь это то, что мы думаем о ней. 11
The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why.
Два самых важных дня в вашей жизни: день, когда вы родились, и день, когда поняли зачем. Марк Твен 16
In a world that’s changing really quickly, the only strategy that is guaranteed to fail is not taking risks.
В мире, который очень быстро меняется, стратегия без риска гарантирует провал. Марк Цукерберг 12
In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity.
В центре трудности лежит возможность. Альберт Эйнштейн 9
Life would be tragic if it weren’t funny.
Жизнь была бы трагичной, если бы не была такой забавной. Стивен Хокинг 16
A day without laughter is a day wasted.
День без смеха – это напрасно прожитый день. Чарли Чаплин 19
You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough.
Мы живём один раз, но если правильно распорядиться жизнью, то и одного раза достаточно. Мэй Уэст 3
The foolish man seeks happiness in the distance; the wise grows it under his feet.
Глупец ищет счастье вдали, умный выращивает его рядом. 9
Success doesn’t come to you… you go to it.
Успех сам не приходит к Вам… Вы идете к нему. 3
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Красота – в глазах смотрящего. Оскар Уайльд 13
We do not remember days, we remember moments.
Мы не помни дни, мы помним моменты 18
Never look back.
Никогда не оглядываюсь назад. 11
There is no such thing as an accident. What we call by that name is the effect of some cause which we do not see.
Случайностей не существует. То, что мы ими называем — следствие некой причины, недоступной нашему взору. Вольтер 11
Happiness lies in good health and a bad memory.
Счастье — это хорошее здоровье и плохая память. Ингрид Бергман 11
Only my dream keeps me alive.
Меня греет только моя мечта. 9
You and I — belong.
Ты и я — одно. 9
Everyone is the creator of one’s own fate.
Каждый сам творец своей судьбы. 8
Everyone has one’s own path.
У каждого своя дорога. 10
If you wish to be loved, love!
Если хочешь быть любимым – люби! 8
Where there is love there is life.
Там, где любовь – там жизнь. Махатма Ганди 6
The best thing in our life is love.
Лучшее в жизни — это любовь. 11
While I’m breathing — I love and believe.
Пока дышу — люблю и верю. 7
Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not his own facts.
Каждый имеет право на собственное мнение, но не на свои собственные факты. 11
You can’t make your heart feel something it won’t.
Ты не можешь заставить свое сердце чувствовать то, что оно не чувствует. 9
Keep smiling, because life is a beautiful thing.
Улыбайтесь, ведь жизнь — прекрасна. М. Монро 13
Happiness is not a destination. It is a method of life.
Счастье — это не цель, а образ жизни. 6
I can resist anything except temptation.
Я могу устоять перед чем угодно, кроме соблазна. 8
Цитаты на английском языке с переводом
Категория: Учебник, АнглийскийЕще: Английские пословицы и поговорки на букву «A»
Английский язык — важнейший международный язык, что является следствием колониальной политики Британской империи в XIX веке и влияния США в XX—XXI веках.
Цитаты про любовь“A dream you dream alone is only a dream. A dream you dream together is reality.”
«То, о чем Вы мечтаете в одиночестве — лишь мечты. То, о чем Вы мечтаете вместе — реальность»,— Джон Леннон
“Better to have lost and loved than never to have loved at all.”
“Лучше любить и потерять, чем не любить вовсе”,— Эрнест Хемингуэй
“Love is an irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired.”
“ Любовь — это непреодолимое желание быть непреодолимо желаемым”,— Роберт Фрост
“One love, one heart, one destiny.”
“Одна любовь, одно сердце, одна судьба”,— Боб Марли
“Other men it is said have seen angels, but I have seen thee and thou art enough.”
“Другие мужчины говорят, что видели ангелов, но я видел тебя – и мне достаточно”,— Джордж Мур
“People should fall in love with their eyes closed.”
“Люди должны влюбляться с закрытыми глазами”,— Энди Уорхолл
“The heart wants what it wants. There’s no logic to these things. You meet someone and you fall in love and that’s that.”
«Сердце хочет то, что хочет. В этом нет никакой логики. Вы встречаете кого-то, вы влюбляетесь — и это все»,— Вуди Аллен
“To love and win is the best thing. To love and lose, the next best.”
“Любить и победить — лучшее в жизни. Любить и проиграть — следующее за этим”,— Уильям Теккерей
“To love is not to look at one another, but to look together in the same direction.”
“Любовь – это не смотреть друг на друга, а смотреть вместе в одном направлении”,— Антуан де Сент-Экзюпери
“True love stories never have endings.”
“У настоящих историй любви нет финалов”,— Ричард Бах
“We loved with a love that was more than love.”
“Мы любили любовью, что была чем-то большим любви”,— Эдгар Аллан По
Короткие английские фразыA day without laughter is a day wasted — День без смеха – это напрасно прожитый день.Be loyal to the one who is loyal to you — Будь верен тому, кто верен тебе.Books and friends should be few but good — Книг и друзей должно быть мало, но хороших.Every solution breeds new problems — Каждое решение порождает новые проблемы.
Everyone is the creator of one’s own fate — Каждый сам творец своей судьбы.Everyone sees the world in one’s own way — Каждый человек видит мир по своему.Follow your heart – Следовать за своим сердцем.Friendship isn’t a big thing – it’s a million little things — Дружба это не что-то одно большое – это множество мелочей.
I can resist anything except temptation – Я могу устоять перед чем угодно, кроме соблазна.Life is beautiful — Жизнь прекрасна.Live without regrets — Живи без сожалений.Love is never wrong — Любовь никогда не ошибается.Never look back — Никогда не оглядываюсь назад.Nobody’s perfect, but me — Никто не совершенен кроме меня.
My guardian is always with me — Мой хранитель всегда со мной.My life – my rules — Моя жизнь — мои правила.One lifelong love — Одна любовь на всю жизнь. Respect the past, create the future! — Уважай прошлое, создавай будущее! – Tears are the silent language — Слезы – это немая речь.The best thing in our life is love — Лучшее в нашей жизни — это любовь.
Truth is more of a stranger than fiction — Истина более странная, чем вымысел.Tolerance is more powerful than force — У терпения больше власти, чем у силы.When you want it, it goes away too fast — Желанные моменты пролетают мгновенно.While I’m breathing – I love and believe — Пока дышу – люблю и верю.You and I – belong — Ты и я – одно.
Цитаты про жизнь“All the world is made of faith, and trust, and pixie dust.”
“Весь мир сделан из веры, доверия и пыльцы фей”,— Джеймс Мэтью Барри “Питер Пэн»”
“Being entirely honest with oneself is a good exercise.”
“Быть до конца честным с самим собой — непростая задача.”,— Фрейд, Зигмунд
“Every English poet should master the rules of grammar before he attempts to bend or break them.”
“Каждый английский поэт должен овладеть правилами грамматики, прежде чем пытаться изменить или нарушить их.”,— Роберт Грейвс
“Everything you can imagine is real.”
“Все, что вы можете представить – реально.”,— Пабло Пикассо
“Nothing, everything, anything, something: if you have nothing, then you have everything, because you have the freedom to do anything, without the fear of losing something.”
“Ничего, все, что угодно, что-то: если у тебя ничего нет, значит – у тебя есть все, потому что ты имеешь свободу делать что угодно, без страха потерять что-то.”,— Джарод Кинц
“Success doesn’t come to you… you go to it.”
“Успех сам не приходит, если вы не идете к нему”,— Марва Коллинз
“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle”
“Есть только два способа прожить свою жизнь. Первый – это полагать, что ничего не чудо. Второй – полагать, что все – это чудо”,— Альберт Эйнштейн
“Those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.”
“Кто не может изменить свои воззрения, не может изменить ничего.”,— Бернард Шоу
Возможно Вам будет интересно …
Наверх страницы!Цитаты на английском языке с переводом (красивые, жизненные, с смыслом, мотивирующие, популярные, философские, короткие). Блог: цитаты, афоризмы, высказывания, фразы.
9 классных надписей для интерьера на английском с переводом
Английские афоризмы – что означает это словосочетание. Рассмотрим это на простом примере. Мы часто используем слово любовь, не придавая ему конкретного значения. Мужчина и женщина нередко испытывают различные чувства друг к другу.
как сделать человечка из ниток
Красивые цитаты про любовь
О любви складывают легенды, пишут стихи, поют песни. Некоторые строки становятся настолько популярными, что переводятся на многие языки. В этом материале представлены красивые цитаты на английском про любовь. Какие-то из них вы узнаете, а какие-то для вас станут открытием.
- “A dream you dream alone is only a dream. A dream you dream together is reality.” — «То, о чем Вы мечтаете в одиночестве — лишь мечты. То, о чем Вы мечтаете вместе — реальность». (Джон Леннон)
- “The heart wants what it wants. There’s no logic to these things. You meet someone and you fall in love and that’s that.” — «Сердце хочет то, что хочет. В этом нет никакой логики. Вы встречаете кого-то, вы влюбляетесь — и это все». (Вуди Аллен)
- “Love is an irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired.” — «Любовь — это непреодолимое желание быть непреодолимо желаемым». (Роберт Фрост)
- “Better to have lost and loved than never to have loved at all.” — «Лучше любить и потерять, чем не любить вовсе». (Эрнест Хемингуэй)
- “Other men it is said have seen angels, but I have seen thee and thou art enough.” — «Другие мужчины говорят, что видели ангелов, но я видел тебя – и мне достаточно». (Джордж Мур)
- “To love and win is the best thing. To love and lose, the next best.” — «Любить и победить — лучшее в жизни. Любить и проиграть — следующее за этим». (Уильям Теккерей)
- “People should fall in love with their eyes closed.” — «Люди должны влюбляться с закрытыми глазами» (Энди Уорхолл)
- “True love stories never have endings.” — «У настоящих историй любви нет финалов». (Ричард Бах)
- “We loved with a love that was more than love.” — «Мы любили любовью, что была чем-то большим любви». (Эдгар Аллан По)
- “One love, one heart, one destiny.” — «Одна любовь, одно сердце, одна судьба». (Боб Марли)
- To love is not to look at one another, but to look together in the same direction. – Любовь – это не смотреть друг на друга, а смотреть вместе в одном направлении. (Антуан де Сент-Экзюпери)
- Love is an irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired. – Любовь – это непреодолимое желание быть непреодолимо желаемым. (Роберт Фрост)
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Красивые фразы из книг на английском с переводом
Самые глубокие и сильные мысли, как правило, приходят к нам из книг. Многим знакомы следующие выражения:
Как сделать простой преобразователь для различных нужд
- But eyes are blind. You have to look with the heart – Но глаза слепы. Вы должны видеть сердцем. «Маленький принц», Антуан Сент-Экзюпери
- You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed – Ты навсегда в ответе за всех, кого приручил. «Маленький принц», Антуан Сент-Экзюпери
- The adventures first, explanations take such a dreadful time – Сперва приключения, объяснения занимают так много времени. «Алиса в Стране чудес», Льюис Керолл
- Who cares for you? You’re nothing but a pack of cards! – Кому какое дело до вас? Вы не более, чем колода карт! «Алиса в Стране чудес», Льюис Керолл
- Imagination is the only weapon in the war against reality – Воображение является единственным оружием в войне против реальности. «Алиса в Стране чудес», Льюис Керолл
- All the world is made of faith, and trust, and pixie dust. – Весь мир сделан из веры, доверия и пыльцы фей. «Питер Пэн» Джеймс Мэтью Барри.
Немного тренировки, и вы научитесь легко читать на английском языке без перевода, а пока запомните эти знаменитые фразы.
Красивые подписи
- Life is the biggest party you’ll ever be at – Жизнь-это самая большая вечеринка, на которой ты когда-либо будешь
- An apple a day will keep anyone away if you throw it hard enough – Яблоко в день отпугнет любого, если бросить его достаточно сильно
- Give second chances but not for the same mistake – Дайте второй шанс, но не за ту же ошибку
- Never sacrifice three things: family, love, and or yourself – Никогда не жертвуйте тремя вещами: семьей, любовью и собой
- I’m an original and that’s perfection in itself – Я оригинал и это само совершенство
- You can’t dull my sparkle ✨ – Ты не можешь притупить мой блеск ✨
- Be the person you needed when you were young – Будьте тем человеком, который был вам нужен, когда вы были молоды
- Life is about taking chances and having fun – Жизнь состоит в том, чтобы рисковать и получать удовольствие
- I’m thankful for the struggles that made me the person I am today – Я благодарен за борьбу, которая сделала меня тем человеком, которым я являюсь сегодня
- Tears come straight from the heart – Слезы идут прямо из сердца
Английские цитаты со смыслом с переводом короткие
A day without laughter is a day wasted. – День без смеха – это напрасно прожитый день.
When you want it, it goes away too fast. — Желанные моменты пролетают мгновенно.
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Don’t let your mind kill your heart and soul. — Не позволяй своему разуму убить твое сердце и душу.
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- It’s better to have ideals and dreams than nothing Лучше иметь мечты и идеалы, чем ничего
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Популярны и высказывания о самом процессе размышления, о воспоминаниях и мечтах.
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Memories take us back, dreams take us forward. Воспоминания тянут нас назад, мечты заставляют двигаться вперед.
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- Be careful with your thoughts. they are the beginning of deeds Будь осторожен со своими мыслями, ведь они начало поступков.
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Life is short. Smile while you still have teeth Жизнь коротка. Улыбайтесь, пока у вас еще есть зубы.
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The future belongs to those who believe in their dreams. Будущее принадлежит тем, кто верит в свои мечты.
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И конечно, самые красивые фразы рождаются благодаря самому красивому чувству на свете любви.
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- The best thing in our life is love. Лучшее, что есть в нашей жизни это любовь.
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For the world you may be just one person, but for one person you may be the whole world. Для мира ты можешь быть просто кем-то, но для кого-то ты целый мир.
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- От мастеров писательского ремесла не отстают и другие известные люди: политические деятели, мыслители, ученые и предприниматели.
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- Have no fear of perfection; you’ll never reach it Не бойтесь совершенства; Вам его никогда не достичь (Сальвадор Дали)
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Life would be tragic if it weren’t funny Жизнь была бы трагичной, если бы не была такой забавной (Стивен Хокинг)
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I am not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions Я не продукт моих обстоятельств. Я продукт моих решений (Стивен Кови)
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- Love the life you live, and live the life you love Люби жизнь, которой живешь и живи жизнью, которую любишь (Боб Марли)
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- Dream as if you’ll live forever, live as if you’ll die today Мечтай так, будто будешь жить вечно, живи так, будто сегодня умрешь (Джеймс Дин)
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- Music can change the world because it can change people Музыка может изменить мир, потому что может менять людей (Боно)
Короткие цитаты на английском
Be careful with your thoughts. they are the beginning of deeds. Будь осторожен со своими мыслями. Они начало поступков. 10
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Live each day as if it’s your last. Живи каждый день так, будто он последний. 9
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- The best thing in our life is love. Лучшее, что есть в нашей жизни это любовь. 9
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Memories take us back, dreams take us forward. Воспоминания тянут нас назад, мечты заставляют двигаться вперед. 9
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Beauty is power; a smile is its sword. Красота это сила, а улыбка ее меч. 9
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Don’t let your mind kill your heart and soul. Не позволяй своему разуму убить твое сердце и душу. 9
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When you want it, it goes away too fast. Самые приятные моменты пролетают мгновенно. 9
Красивые цитаты на английском с переводом (150 цитат)
Цитаты на английском языке про жизнь с переводом на русский язык
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A happy life consists in tranquility of mind. — Счастливая жизнь состоит из спокойствия духа. Цицерон
A man cannot be comfortable without his own approval. — Человек не может быть доволен жизнью, если он не доволен собой. Марк Твен
Age is whatever you think it is. You are as old as you think you are. — Возраст таков, каким ты его видишь. Тебе столько лет, сколько ты считаешь. Мухаммед Али
All would live long, but none would be old. — Все хотят жить долго, но никто не хочет быть старым. Бенджамин Франклин
Be content with your lot; one cannot be first in everything. — Довольствуйся своей судьбой; нельзя быть первым во всем. Эзоп
Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing. — Лучшая награда в нашей жизни — это возможность заниматься делом, которое того стоит. Теодор Рузвельт
I love writing, it’s the center of my life. If you don’t love what you do, you’d better find something else to love. Otherwise, you don’t have a reason for living. — Я люблю писать, это смысл моей жизни. Если вы не любите то, что делаете, лучше найдите себе другое занятие. Иначе, не будет смысла жизни. Рэй Брэдбери
In order to write about life first you must live it. — Для того, чтобы написать о жизни, нужно сначала ее прожить. Эрнест Хемингуэй
Keep smiling, because life is a beautiful thing and there’s so much to smile about. — Улыбайся, потому что жизнь прекрасная штука, и есть много причин для улыбки. Мэрилин Монро
Life could be wonderful if people would leave you alone. — Жизнь была бы прекрасна, если бы люди оставили вас в покое. Чарли Чаплин
Life is far too important a thing ever to talk seriously about. — Жизнь — слишком серьезная штука, чтобы говорить о ней всерьез. Оскар Уайльд
Life is full of misery, loneliness, and suffering — and it’s all over much too soon. — Жизнь полна несчастий, одиночества и страданий – и она слишком быстро заканчивается. Вуди Аллен
Life is what happens to you while you’re busy making other plans. — Жизнь — это то, что происходит с тобой, пока ты оживлённо строишь другие планы. Джон Леннон
Next to knowing when to seize an opportunity, the most important thing in life is to know when to forego an advantage. — В жизни важно уметь воспользоваться случаем, но еще важнее знать, когда случаем не надо пользоваться. Бенджамин Дизраэли
One doesn’t recognize the really important moments in one’s life until it’s too late. — Мы слишком поздно распознаем, что является самым главным в нашей жизни. Агата Кристи
Only the person who has experienced light and darkness, war and peace, rise and fall, only that person has truly experienced life. — Только тот понял жизнь, кто видел свет и тьму, войну и мир, победы и падения. Стефан Цвейг
Our span of life is brief, but is long enough for us to live well and honestly. — Наша продолжительность жизни коротка, но достаточно долгая для того, чтобы жить хорошо и честно. Цицерон
Nobody lives forever, but we all shine on. — Никто не живет вечно, но все к этому стремятся. Стивен Кинг
We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what we give. — Мы зарабатываем на жизнь тем, что у нас есть; но мы создаем жизнь тем, что отдаем. Уинстон Черчиль
What do you want a meaning for? Life is a desire, not a meaning. — Зачем вам нужен смысл? Жизнь — это только желание, и никакого смысла. Чарли Чаплин
While there’s life, there’s hope. — Пока есть жизнь, есть и надежда. Цицерон
Wish not so much to live long as to live well. — Не желай прожить долгую жизнь — желай прожить жить прекрасно. Бенджамин Франклин
You can live to be a hundred if you give up all the things that make you want to live to be a hundred. — Вы можете прожить 100 лет, если вы откажитесь от того, ради чего люди и хотят жить 100 лет. Вуди Аллен