One word for many exercises

CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

UNIT 91

One word, many meanings

A

Polysemy A great many words in English have more than one meaning. Linguists call this aspect of vocabulary polysemy. Look at these sentences and think about how you would translate the words in italics into your own language. fair It’s only fair that we should share the housework. The Frankfurt Book Fair is a very important event for most publishers. The forecast is for the weather to stay fair for the next week. I’ve got fair skin and burn easily in the sun. His marks in his final exams ranged from excellent to fair. flat The firefighters managed to save the children from the burning third-floor flat. The countryside round here is terribly flat and boring. To join the Fitness Club, you pay a flat fee of £500. The sonata is in B flat minor. She finished the exercise in five minutes flat. capital Fill in the form in capital letters. Wellington is the capital of New Zealand. You need plenty of capital to open a restaurant. Capital punishment has been abolished in many countries. mean What does ‘coagulate’ mean? I didn’t mean to hurt you. He’s far too mean to buy her flowers. The mean temperature for July is 25oC. You shouldn’t be so mean to your little sister. You probably need a different word to translate fair, flat, capital and mean in each sentence. Sometimes the meanings are clearly related – flat as in countryside has a connection with flat as in apartment in that they both include an idea of being on one level. Sometimes, however, there is no connection at all. For example, the meaning of fair as in Book Fair has no obvious connection with any of the other meanings of fair. Words like this can be called homographs (words with the same spellings but different meanings).

B

Being aware of polysemy It is useful to be aware of polysemy in English for several reasons. • You need to remember that the meaning you first learnt for a word may not be the one that it has in a new context. • You need to be aware that in English, words can sometimes be used as different parts of speech. Flat with its apartment meaning, for instance, can become an adjective, e.g. a set of flat keys. • Learning about the range of meanings that a word can have can help you to learn several meanings for the price of one. • It will also help you to understand jokes in English, as these are often based on polysemous words. Language help The context of a word with multiple meanings will usually make it absolutely clear which of the word’s possible meanings is intended. So you can understand what, for example, the noun drill probably means in (a) a dental context, (b) an army context, (c) a road-building context, or (d) a languagelearning context.

EXERCISES

91.1	Find the example sentence in A opposite in which fair, flat, capital or mean has the following meaning. 1 intend 2 exactly 3 proper, just 4 city with the seat of government 5 light in colour 6 unkind 7 fixed 8 neither very good nor very bad 9 money 10 unwilling to spend money
91.2	What part of speech is the italicised word in each of the example sentences in A? Write a synonym or explanation for each of the examples not used in 91.1.
91.3	Here are some more examples of polysemous words in English. Which word can fill all the gaps in each group of sentences? 1 He struck a ____________ and we slowly began to look around the dark cave. The teenage cooks in the competition were a ____________ for any of the adults. Their marriage has been called a ____________ made in heaven. 2 That bird has an unusually long ____________. Don’t forget to keep the receipt when you pay your hotel ____________. Parliament is currently discussing a ____________ proposing changes to copyright legislation. 3 Hannah gave us a lovely ____________ of glasses as a wedding present. Let’s now try and ____________ a date for our meeting next week. My father has very ____________ opinions about how people should behave. 4 I’ve applied for a ____________ in our company’s Paris office. The end of the race is indicated by a ____________ with a flag on it. Why not ____________ your query on an online forum? You’re bound to get a quick response. 5 I didn’t get my assignment back because the teacher hadn’t had time to ____________ it. Sales have already passed the million ____________. You’ve got a red ____________ on your cheek. It looks like lipstick. 6 You need to be a special kind of person to ____________ a successful business. Do you fancy going for a ____________ this evening? Thanks to the hot weather, our shop has had a ____________ on ice cream.
91.4	Look at the Language help box. What does drill mean in each of the four contexts suggested?
91.5	What would the given word be most likely to mean in each of the contexts suggested? Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 register: a a primary school b a post office 2 interest: a people planning a festival b a bank 3 dice: a a kitchen b people playing a board game 4 service: a people playing tennis b in a restaurant 5 case: a in a lawyer’s office b at an airport 6 cue: a people playing snooker b in the theatre
91.6	Explain these one-line jokes. They are all based on polysemy. 1 I wondered why the tennis ball was getting bigger. Then it hit me! 2 Smaller babies may be delivered by a stork but the heavier ones need a crane. 3 Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. 4 You know prices are rising when you buy a winter jacket and even down is up.

ANSWER KEY

Much / many упражнения

Упражнение 1. Insert much or many.

Do you drink ________coffee? I like reading. I read _________ books. We have _______ lessons of English this year. I can’t remember _______ from this text. Do you learn _______ new English words every day? We haven’t got ________ bread. I can’t spend ________ money on toys.

Упражнение 2. Choose the appropriate answer. Much or many?

They have too _______ furniture in the room. There are too _____ books on your desk. You have too _____ mistakes in the test. You must drink ______ coffee. You put too ______ vegetables in the soup. Must we learn _____ words for today? We have got _____ sandwiches.

Упражнение 3. Insert much or many.

They don’t have ________ words to learn. There isn’t ________ furniture in the room. There aren’t ________ things in the wardrobe. There isn’t ________ snow in the forest He has got I don’t take ________ money to school. Do you need ________ money? There are ________ new houses in the street. There are not ________ shops in our street.

Упражнение 4. Insert much or many.

You can see ________ cars near the airport You mustn’t eat so ________ bananas You mustn’t drink so ______ coffee. He bought _______ furniture for his new flat. This work won’t take ______ time. Have we got _______ apples for the children? I don’t like _______ salt in the salad. My little sister speaks _________ that’s why we call her «a chatter box».

Упражнение 5. Find and correct mistakes if any.

We didn’t take many food with us.

There are nоt much new subjects this year.

I haven’t much free time today.

He doesn’t do much written exercises every day.

We don’t drink many coffee in our family.

There isn’t much furniture in my room.

There wasn’t many happiness in his face.

Мany new ideas were discussed.

We have much lessons tomorrow.

I don’t have much mistakes in this exercise.

Much / many упражнения (ответы)

Упражнение 1. Insert much or many.

Do you drink much coffee? I like reading. I read many books. We have many lessons of English this year. I can’t remember much from this text. Do you learn many new English words every day? We haven’t got much bread. I can’t spend much money on toys

Упражнение 2. Choose the appropriate answer. Much or many?

They have too much furniture in the room. There are too many books on your desk. You have too many mistakes in the test. You must drink much coffee. You put too many vegetables in the soup. Must we learn many words for today? We have got many sandwiches.

Упражнение 3. Insert much or many.

They don’t have many words to learn. There isn’t much furniture in the room. There aren’t many things in the wardrobe. There isn’t much snow in the forest. Do you need much money? There are many new houses in the street. There are not many shops in our street.

Упражнение 4. Insert much or many.

You can see ________ cars near the airport. You mustn’t eat so ________ bananas You mustn’t drink so ______ coffee. He bought _______ furniture for his new flat. This work won’t take ______ time. Have we got _______ apples for the children? I don’t like _______ salt in the salad My little sister speaks _________ that’s why we call her «a chatter box».

Упражнение 4. — Many, — many, — much, — much, — much, — many, — much, — much

Упражнение 5. Find and correct mistakes if any.

We didn’t take many food with us. There aren’t much new subjects this year. I haven’t much free time today. He doesn’t do much written exercises every day. We don’t drink many coffee in our family. There isn’t much furniture in my room There wasn’t many happiness in his face. Not many new ideas were discussed. We shan’t have much lessons tomorrow. I won’t have much mistakes in this exercise.

Упражнение 5. 1 many — much, 2 much — many, 3 correct, 4 much — many, 5 many — much, 6 correct, 7 many — much, 8 correct, 9 much — many, 10 much — many.

little / few / a little / a few упражнения

Упражнение. Вставьте little или few.

• He has got ________ friends.

• I drink ______ coffee. I don’t like it.

• We must hurry. We’ve got very _______ time.

• The Smiths have ______ money. They aren’t rich.

• The theatre was almost empty. There were very ________ people there.

• There was ______ lemo­nade in the bottle.

• I have _______ time, so I can’t go with you.

• He has _______ English books.

• There is ______ juice in my glass.

• There are ________ bears in the zoo.

• Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very _______ clothes.

• There is too ________ soup in my soup plate. Give me some more, please.

• There was too _______ light in the room, and I could not read.

Упражнение. Вставьте «a little» или «a few».

• There is _____ milk in the bottle.

• There are _______ tomatoes on the kitchen table. Make a salad!

• Add ______ salt to the salad.

• Тhe fruit­cake will be ready in ______ minutes.

• I’ve got… time now and I can talk to you.

Упражнение. Вставьте «much», «many», «little», «few», «a little» или «a few».

• Have you got _____ money on you?

• At the conference we met _____ people.

• If you have _____ spare time, look through this book. You will find ______ stories there which are rather interesting.

• There are ______ things here which I cannot understand.

• Shall I bring _____ more chalk? — No, thank you. There is ____ chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson.

• He had ____ English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books.

• She gave him _____ water to wash his hands and face.

Самостоятельная работа:

Ex. 1. Find and correct mistakes if any. Translate the sentences

1. We didn’t take many food with us.

2. There are nоt much new subjects this year.

3. I haven’t much free time today.

4. He doesn’t do much written exercises every day.

5. We don’t drink many coffee in our family.

6. There isn’t much furniture in my room.

Ex. 2. Вставьте «much», «many», «little», «few», «a little» или «a few». Translate the sentences

1. Have you got _____ money?

2. At the conference we met _____ people.

3. If you have _____ spare time, look through this book. You will find ______ stories there which are rather interesting.

4. There are ______ things here which I cannot understand.

5. Shall I bring _____ more chalk? — No, thank you. There is ____ chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson.

6. He had ____ English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books.

7. She gave him _____ water to wash his hands and face.

Ex. 3. Find and correct mistakes if any. Translate the sentences

1. There wasn’t many happiness in his face.

2. Мany new ideas were discussed.

3. We have much lessons tomorrow.

4. I don’t have much mistakes in this exercise.

В двух предыдущих статьях мы изучили правила употребления местоимений-прилагательных. Сейчас вы можете выполнить упражнения, и в конце сверится с ответами, чтобы лучше понять, как вы усвоили пройденный материал.

Вспомнить пройденный материал вы можете по следующим ссылкам: much/many, a few/a little, few/little и затем приступайте к выполнению упражнений. Good luck!

1. Underline the correct word. Подчеркни правильное слово.

1) They’re going away for a few / a little days.

2) I think you’ve put too many / too much sugar in your tea.

3) How many / much time have we got left?

4) Do you know much / many foreign people? — No, I don’t. I know very few / a few.

5) He’s got little / a little time. He can play football.

6) We’ve got little / a little coffee. It’s not enough for all of us.

7) There are a few / few sweets in the box. It’s almost empty.

I’ve got few / a few apples. I can make some juice.

2. Correct the mistakes. Исправь ошибки.

1) There isn’t many milk in the fridge.

2) How much tomatoes do you need?

3) There’re a few people at the theatre. It’s almost empty.

4) There is many juice in the cartoon.

5) This dress doesn’t cost many money.

6) How much tigers are there in the zoo?

7) I would like a little biscuits to drink with tea.

We’ve got few ham. We can’t make any hamburgers.

3. Fill in many, much, a lot of. Вставь many, much, a lot of.

1) How … sugar would you like?

2) How … peppers have we got?

3) I’ve got … new business ideas.

4) There aren’t … benches in the yard.

5) I saw … interesting films last week.

6) How … is this dress?

4. Choose the correct answer. Выбери правильный ответ.

1) How … cheese should I buy?

A much     B many    C lots of

2) Could I have … more ice in my drink?

A a few     B a little   C many

3) Only … people know that he was a famous actor.

A much     B a few     C a little

4) I’ve got …. free time today. There’re a lot of businesses to do.

A little       B much      C few

5) She doesn’t eat … chocolate because she’s on a diet.

A many     B a lot of     C much

6) How … sweets are there in the bowl?

A lots of     B few      C many

5. Fill in a little, a few, little, few. Вставь a little, a few, little, few.

1) What would you like in your tea? – Just …. sugar, please.

2) I’ve only got … money, so I can’t afford to buy this jacket.

3) There are still …tickets left for the concert next Monday. – Great. I’ll go and buy one.

4) There’s …. wine in the bottle. Would you like some?

5) Are there … chemists near here? Yes, …

6) I eat … fish. I prefer meat.

6. Answer the questions using a lot, many, much, a little, a few. Ответьте на вопросы, используя a lot, many, much, a little, a few.

1) Have you got any envelopes? – Yes, …

2) How much money do you need for your holiday? – Not …

3) Would you like some coffee? – Just …

4) Were there any people at the meeting? – Yes, …

5) Is there any ham in the fridge? – Not …

6) How many cucumbers do we need for the salad? – Not …

Ответы на упражнения:

1. Underline the correct word. Подчеркни правильное слово.

1) They’re going away for a few / a little days.

2) I think you’ve put too many / too much sugar in your tea.

3) How many / much time have we got left?

4) Do you know much / many foreign people? — No, I don’t. I know very few / a few.

5) He’s got little / a little time. He can play football.

6) We’ve got little / a little coffee. It’s not enough for all of us.

7) There are a few / few sweets in the box. It’s almost empty.

I’ve got few / a few apples. I can make some juice.

2. Correct the mistakes. Исправь ошибки.

1) There isn’t much milk in the fridge.

2) How many tomatoes do you need?

3) There’re few people at the theatre. It’s almost empty.

4) There is a lot of juice in the cartoon.

5) This dress doesn’t cost much money.

6) How many tigers are there in the zoo?

7) I would like a few biscuits to drink with tea.

We’ve got little ham. We can’t make any hamburgers.

3. Fill in many, much, a lot of. Вставь many, much, a lot of.

1) How much sugar would you like?

2) How many peppers have we got?

3) I’ve got a lot of new business ideas.

4) There aren’t many benches in the yard.

5) I saw a lot of interesting films last week.

6) How much is this dress?

4. Choose the correct answer. Выбери правильный ответ.

1) How much cheese should I buy?

2) Could I have a little more ice in my drink?

3) Only a few  people know that he was a famous actor.

4) I’ve got little free time today. There’re a lot of businesses to do.

5) She doesn’t eat much chocolate because she’s on a diet.

6) How many sweets are there in the bowl?

5. Fill in a little, a few, little, few. Вставь a little, a few, little, few.

1) What would you like in your tea? – Just a little sugar, please.

2) I’ve only got little money, so I can’t afford to buy this jacket.

3) There are still a few tickets left for the concert next Monday. – Great. I’ll go and buy one.

4) There’s a little wine in the bottle. Would you like some?

5) Are there any chemists near here? Yes, a few.

6) I eat few fish. I prefer meat.

6. Answer the questions using a lot, many, much, a little, a few. Ответьте на вопросы, используя a lot, many, much, a little, a few.

1) Have you got any envelopes? – Yes, a lot.

2) How much money do you need for your holiday? – Not much.

3) Would you like some coffee? – Just a little.

4) Were there any people at the meeting? – Yes, a few.

5) Is there any ham in the fridge? – Not much.

6) How many cucumbers do we need for the salad? – Not many.

Подпишитесь на новые статьи по почте!

04.01.2015

Предлагаю Вам большую подборку упражнений на much и many.  Данные упражнения much many  для детей подойдут и взрослым, которые делают только первые шаги в изучении английской грамматики. Ответы к much many exercises вы найдете в комментариях к статье. Отдельно есть также несколько упражнений на how much и how many.

Упражнение 1. Insert much or many.

1. Do you drink ________coffee?
2. I like reading. I read _________.
3. We have _______ lessons of English this year.
4. I like this new teacher very _______
5. I can’t remember _______ from this text.
6. Do you learn _______ new English words every day?
7. We haven’t got ________ bread.
8. There isn’t________ salad in the fridge.
9. She hasn’t got ________ cassettes.
10. I can’t spend ________ money on toys

Упражнение 2. Choose the appropriate answer. Much or many?

1. They have too (many/much) furniture in the room.
2. There are too (many/much) books on your desk.
3. You have too (many/much) mistakes in the test.
4. You must drink (many/much) coffee.
5. You put too (many/much) vegetables in the soup.
6. You put too (many/much) fruit in the salad.
7. Must we learn (many /much) words for today?
8. We have got (many /much) sandwiches.

Упражнение 3. Insert much or many.

1. They don’t have ________ words to learn.
2. There isn’t ________ furniture in the room.
3. There aren’t ________ things in the wardrobe.
4. There isn’t ________ snow in the forest
5. He has got
6. I don’t take ________ money to school.
7. Do you need ________ money?
8. There are ________ new houses in the street.
9. There are not ________ shops in our street.
10. ________ people come to Moscow in summer.

Упражнение 4. Insert much or many.

1. You can see ________ cars near the airport
2. You mustn’t eat so ________ bananas
3. You mustn’t drink so
4. He hasn’t met ________ people there.
5. He didn’t ask ________
6. He bought _______ furniture for his new flat.
7. This work won’t take ______ time.
8. Have we got _______ apples for the children?
9. I don’t like _______ salt in the salad
10. My little sister speaks _________ that’s why we call her «a chatter box».

Упражнение 5. Find and correct mistakes if any.

1. We didn’t take many food with us.
2. There aren’t much new subjects this year.
3. I haven’t much free time today.
4. He doesn’t do much written exercises every day.
5. We don’t drink many coffee in our family.
6. There isn’t much furniture in my room
7. There wasn’t many happiness in his face.
8. Not many new ideas were discussed.
9. We shan’t have much lessons tomorrow.
10. I won’t have much mistakes in this exercise.

Упражнение 6. Fill in many or much.

1. Is there ________ tea in the cup? No, not ________
2. Are there ________eggs in the fridge? Yes, there are ________ eggs.
3. Is there ________ milk in the bottle? Yes, there is ________ milk.
4. Are there ________ lemons in the box? No, not ________
5. There are _________ apples on the table.
6. There _________ many sandwiches in the fridge.
7. Is there ______ coffee in the cup?
8. There is ______ jam on the plate.
9. There are ______ bananas in the bag.
10. Is there _______ bread on the table?
11. There is _______ salad on the plate.
12. Are there _______ cups on the shelf?
13. There are _______sandwiches in the bag.

Упражнение 7. Fill much or many in the blanks.

1. It costs _________ money to travel round the world
2. We saw _________ interesting things in the museum.
3. Most people in town have jobs. There isn’t _________unemployment there.
4. It takes _________hard work to get a university degree.
5. There was so_________ traffic that we were delayed for an hour.
6. Have you invited _________ guests to your dinner party?
7. I don’t think there will be _________interest in tonight’s hockey match.
8. There isn’t _________news about Michael Jackson at the moment
9. Look, is there _______ sugar in our sugar-pot?
10. _______ pupils of our class are going to have higher education.

Упражнение 8. Put in much or many before the nouns.

1. You have wasted _______  time for preparing dinner.
2. She didn’t do _______ exercises yesterday, she didn’t have _______ time.
3. Did she read this book _______ times?
4. Are there _______ flowers in front of the house? Do they need _______water?
5. There weren’t _______ people at the party last Saturday.
6. Are there _______ cars in the street?
7. We haven’t got_______ butter in the house.
8. They didn’t spend______ money
9. I haven’t got _______ time.
10. Have you got _______ friends?

Упражнение 9. Fill in much or many before the nouns. Write if the nouns are countable or uncountable.

1. Are there ________ cars in the street?
2. How ________ days are there in a week?
3. We haven’t ________ butter in the house
4. They didn’t spend________ money.
5. I haven’t got ________time.
6. Have you got ________ friends?
7. Don’t put ________ sugar in my tea
8. We saw ________interesting things in the museum

How much How many exercises. Упражнения How much How many.

Упражнение 10. Insert how much or how many

1. _______ money has he got?
2. _______ pupils are there in your class?
3. _______ tea do you have every day?
4. ______ honey have we got? We haven’t got _______honey.
5. _______ tea did you have yesterday? 
6. _______ days are there in a week?

Упражнение 11. What questions do they ask customers in these places?

1. a post oflice
2. a theatre
3. a flower shop
4. a bank
5. a baker’s
6. a petrol station

Write one question for each place. The first is done for you.

How much How many

bread petrol roses stamps tickets money

do you want?

1. How many stamps do you want?

Упражнение 12. Complete the questions with much or many. Then match the questions with the answers in the box.

1. How _______free time have you got?
2. How _______ languages do you speak?
3. How _______ food do you eat for lunch?
4. How _______ CDs have you got?
5. How ________ sweets do you eat every day?
6. How _______ television do you watch every day?
7. How ________ friends have you got?

1. A lot I’m always hungry then.
2. Not much! I prefer playing computer games.
3. None! I’m terrible at foreign languages.
4. Not many I’m not very interested in music
5. A lot, but not many of them live near me
6. Not much! I get a lot of homework.
7. A few, but I prefer chocolate.

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