One word exercises english

Give one word.

1. One who has delusions of power or greatness

a) Arsonist

b) Nymphomaniac

c) Megalomaniac

d) Agoraphobe

2. One who fears crowded places

a) Claustrophobe

b) Satyriasis

c) Agoraphobe

d) Megalomaniac

3. Compulsive sexual needs on the part of a male

a) Incendiarism

b) Megalomania

c) Satyromania

d) Acrophobia

4. Morbid fear of open spaces

a) Agoraphobia

b) Acrophobia

c) Megalomania

d) Claustrophobia

5. Malicious setting of fires for revenge etc.

a) Incendiarism

b) Nymphomania

c) Megalomania

d) Claustrophobia

6. Morbid fear of heights

a) Agoraphobia

b) Acrophobia

c) Megalomania

d) Claustrophobia

7. Compulsive sexual needs on the part of a female

a) Incendiarism

b) Nymphomania

c) Megalomania

d) Claustrophobia

8. One who maliciously starts fires for economic and illegal profit

a) Arsonist

b) Nymphomaniac

c) Megalomaniac

d) Agoraphobe

9. Obsession for theft

a) Monomania

b) Dipsomania

c) Kleptomania

d) Pyromania

10. Obsession for alcohol

a) Monomania

b) Dipsomania

c) Kleptomania

d) Pyromania

Answers

1. One who has delusions of power or greatness – megalomaniac

2. One who fears crowded places – claustrophobe

3. Compulsive sexual needs on the part of a male – satyromania

4. Morbid fear of open spaces – agoraphobia

5. Malicious setting of fires for revenge etc. – incendiarism

6. Morbid fear of heights – acrophobia

7. Compulsive sexual needs on the part of a female – nymphomania

8. One who maliciously starts fires for economic and illegal profit – arsonist

9. Obsession for theft – kleptomania

10. Obsession for alcohol – dipsomania

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CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

UNIT 91

One word, many meanings

A

Polysemy

A
great many words in English have more than one meaning. Linguists call this
aspect of vocabulary polysemy.

Look
at these sentences and think about how you would translate the words in
italics into your own language.

fair

It’s only fair that we should share the
housework.

The Frankfurt Book Fair is a very important event
for most publishers.

The forecast is for the weather to stay fair for
the next week.

I’ve got fair skin and burn easily in the sun.

His marks in his final exams ranged from excellent to fair.

flat

The firefighters managed to save the children from the
burning third-floor flat.

The countryside round here is terribly flat and
boring.

To join the Fitness Club, you pay a flat fee of
£500.

The sonata is in B flat minor.

She finished the exercise in five minutes flat.

capital

Fill in the form in capital letters.

Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.

You need plenty of capital to open a restaurant.

Capital punishment
has been abolished in many countries.

mean

What does ‘coagulate’ mean?

I didn’t mean to hurt you.

He’s far too mean to buy her flowers.

The mean temperature for July is 25oC.

You shouldn’t be so mean to your little sister.

You
probably need a different word to translate fair, flat, capital
and mean in each sentence. Sometimes the meanings are clearly
related – flat as in countryside has a connection with flat as
in apartment in that they both include an idea of being on one level. Sometimes,
however, there is no connection at all. For example, the meaning of fair as
in Book Fair has no obvious connection with any of the other meanings
of fair. Words like this can be called homographs (words with
the same spellings but different meanings).

B

Being aware of polysemy

It
is useful to be aware of polysemy in English for several reasons.

•
You need to remember that the meaning you first learnt for a word may not be
the one that it has in a new context.

•
You need to be aware that in English, words can sometimes be used as
different parts of speech. Flat with its apartment
meaning, for instance, can become an adjective, e.g. a set of flat keys.

•
Learning about the range of meanings that a word can have can help you to
learn several meanings for the price of one.

•
It will also help you to understand jokes in English, as these are often
based on polysemous words.

Language
help

The
context of a word with multiple meanings will usually make it absolutely
clear which of the word’s possible meanings is intended. So you can
understand what, for example, the noun drill
probably means in (a) a dental context, (b) an army context, (c) a
road-building context, or (d) a languagelearning context.

EXERCISES

91.1

Find
the example sentence in A opposite in which fair, flat, capital or mean has
the following meaning.

1
intend

2
exactly

3
proper, just

4
city with the seat of government

5
light in colour

6
unkind

7
fixed

8
neither very good nor very bad

9
money

10
unwilling to spend money

91.2

What
part of speech is the italicised word in each of the example sentences in A?

Write
a synonym or explanation for each of the examples not used in 91.1.

91.3

Here
are some more examples of polysemous words in English. Which word can fill
all the gaps in each group of sentences?

1
He struck a ____________ and we slowly began to look around the dark cave.

The
teenage cooks in the competition were a ____________ for any of the adults.

Their
marriage has been called a ____________ made in heaven.

2
That bird has an unusually long ____________.

Don’t
forget to keep the receipt when you pay your hotel ____________.

Parliament
is currently discussing a ____________ proposing changes to copyright
legislation.

3
Hannah gave us a lovely ____________ of glasses as a wedding present.

Let’s
now try and ____________ a date for our meeting next week.

My
father has very ____________ opinions about how people should behave.

4
I’ve applied for a ____________ in our company’s Paris office.

The
end of the race is indicated by a ____________ with a flag on it.

Why
not ____________ your query on an online forum? You’re bound to get a quick
response.

5
I didn’t get my assignment back because the teacher hadn’t had time to ____________
it.

Sales
have already passed the million ____________.

You’ve
got a red ____________ on your cheek. It looks like lipstick.

6
You need to be a special kind of person to ____________ a successful
business.

Do
you fancy going for a ____________ this evening?

Thanks
to the hot weather, our shop has had a ____________ on ice cream.

91.4

Look
at the Language help box. What does drill
mean in each of the four contexts suggested?

91.5

What
would the given word be most likely to mean in each of the contexts
suggested? Use a dictionary if necessary.

1

register:

a

a primary school

b

a post office

2

interest:

a

people planning a festival

b

a bank

3

dice:

a

a kitchen

b

people playing a board game

4

service:

a

people playing tennis

b

in a restaurant

5

case:

a

in a lawyer’s office

b

at an airport

6

cue:

a

people playing snooker

b

in the theatre

91.6

Explain
these one-line jokes. They are all based on polysemy.

1
I wondered why the tennis ball was getting bigger. Then it hit me!

2
Smaller babies may be delivered by a stork but the heavier ones need a
crane.

3
Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.

4
You know prices are rising when you buy a winter jacket and even down is
up.

ANSWER KEY

91.1

1
intend: I didn’t mean to hurt you.
2 exactly: She finished the exercise in five minutes flat.
3 proper, just: It’s only fair that we should share the housework.
4 city with the seat of government: Wellington is the capital of New
Zealand.
5 light in colour: I’ve got fair hair and burn easily in the sun.
6 unkind: You shouldn’t be so mean to your little sister.
7 fixed: To join the Fitness Club you pay a flat fee of £500.
8 neither very good nor very bad: His marks in his final exams ranged from
excellent to fair.
9 money: You need plenty of capital to open a restaurant.
10 unwilling to spend money: He’s far too mean to buy her flowers.

91.2

It’s
only fair: adjective (right)
The Frankfurt Book Fair: noun (large show)
the weather to stay fair: adjective (pleasant)
I’ve got fair skin: adjective (light)
ranged from excellent to fair: adjective (satisfactory)
the burning third-floor flat: noun (apartment)
terribly flat and boring: adjective (level)
a flat fee of £500: adjective (fixed)
B flat minor: noun (♭ =
a note that is a semitone lower than B itself)

in
five minutes flat: adverb (only; emphasises how quick a time is)
in capital letters: adjective (upper case)
the capital of New Zealand: noun (city where the country’s government
sits)
capital to open a restaurant: noun (money)
Capital punishment: adjective (punishable by death)
‘coagulate’ mean: verb (convey a meaning, express an idea)
mean to hurt you: verb (intend)
too mean to buy her flowers: adjective (opposite of generous)
be so mean: adjective (unkind)

91.3

1
match      4 post

2
bill           5 mark

3
set            6 run

91.4

a
an instrument a dentist uses to make holes in your teeth

b
training for marching

c
a powerful tool used for making holes in a road

d
an exercise practising grammar in a fairly mechanical way

91.5

1
a the list on which students are marked present or absent every day
b to send a letter or parcel in a special way so it has protection against
being lost
2 a how much performers might appeal to the public
b money earned on an investment or paid for a loan
3 a to cut up into small cubes (usually vegetables)
b a cube with a number from one to six on each side
4 a throwing the ball into the air and hitting it at the start of a turn
b the attention given to customers by staff
5 a specific problem being dealt with by lawyers
b a piece of luggage
6 a the long stick that players use in snooker or billiards
b the words or actions that tell an actor that it is his or her turn to speak

91.6

1
Then it hit me! This means ‘then I suddenly understood and then the ball
suddenly struck my body.’
2 This is based on the traditional saying that babies are delivered to a home
by a big bird called a
stork. A crane is another kind of large bird rather like a stork. But a crane
can also be a piece of
heavy machinery used to lift heavy objects.
3 In the first sentence, flies is a verb and like is a
preposition – the sentence is comparing the flight
of time with that of an arrow. In the second sentence, flies is a noun
and like is a verb and the
sentence says that fruit flies [very small insects] enjoy bananas.
4 As well as being a preposition, down is the word for very soft
feathers used to stuff, for example,
pillows or winter jackets. If prices are up, they have risen and if
they are down they have fallen.

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Solve the exercise on One Word Substitution Questions & Answers to prepare well for the verbal ability section of the competitive exams.  

Candidates, in order to fetch good marks in the English Language section of various Government exams like SSC, RRB, Bank etc. must go through the given one-word substitution questions carefully. 

The one-word substitution questions collated below are taken from the question papers of different competitive exams and have high chances to be asked again in the government exam candidates are preparing for. 

Remember, the English language forms an important part of the syllabus of most of the competitive exams. Candidates can expect 2-3 marks questions on one-word substitution in the exam. Hence, it is imperative to practice one-word substitution exercise as much as possible and leave no stone unturned in the path of success.

Candidates will find 20 One Word Substitution Questions on this page for practice and revision. The answers to the given one-word substitution exercise are made available in a PDF Format. Candidates after solving the given questions can download the PDF to check the answers. 

Check the list of One Word Substitutions for a quick revision before moving ahead to solve the one-word substitution exercise.

One Word Substitution Questions And Answers PDF:-Download PDF Here

Directions For Question 1 to 20 – Below given are sentences with highlighted phrases. You are required to choose the best substitute for the given options.

Q.1. I don’t mind talking to him about the project but he is a person who thinks only of himself.

  1. Eccentric
  2. Boaster
  3. Egoist
  4. Proud

Q.2. She makes it certain that she will never fight with her best friend over a pity thing like this. 

  1. Assures
  2. Insures
  3. Ensures
  4. Seizures

Q.3. We visited the ancient palace yesterday, there we saw old manuscripts written by saints, we tried but it was not clear enough to be read.

  1.  Corrigible
  2. Legible
  3. Negligible
  4. Illegible

Q.4. This is his first press conference with the media, he is anxious because he speaks less.

  1. Sullen
  2. Terse
  3. Garrulous
  4. Reticent

Q.5. My brother is a theatre artist who performs and expresses stories or thoughts through gestures. 

  1. Pantomime
  2. Mimic
  3. Depictions
  4. Ham

Q.6. Every Wednesday at the Ganesha temple my father gives alms to poor people, he loves to help the needy and put others first.

  1. Altruist
  2. Swindler
  3. Misanthropic
  4. Antagonist

Q.7. They organized a house party for Sara’s birthday but she does not get excited easily even if you put in a lot of effort and emotion.  

  1. Gregarious
  2. Placid
  3. Inclement
  4. Frenzied

Candidates willing to appear for various government exams should check the following links:

  • Previous Year Government Exam Question Papers with Solution
  • Free Online Mock Tests For Government Exams

Q.8. We have bought a new machine for our mother to help her in household chores, the machine can easily be carried anywhere. 

  1. Cartable
  2. Portable
  3. Potable
  4. Relatable

Q.9. My aunt cannot stay in the hospital for 5 minutes because she has a fear of confined places.

  1. Agoraphobia
  2. Enochlophobia
  3. Claustrophobia
  4. Stasiphobia

Q.10. Jackson is a highly skilled musician; he is an expert guitarist in his college band, he will go a long way in this profession.

  1. Amateur
  2. Virtuoso
  3. Dabbler
  4. Neophyte

Q.11. Earlier, in our country, there was a government and administration by the Kings and Queens. 

  1. Monarchy
  2. Democracy
  3. Polycracy
  4. Polyarchy

Q.12. His son is a ___ as he lost his life in protecting the lives of people of this country.

  1. Soldier
  2. Martyr
  3. Revolutionist
  4. Philanthropist

Q.13.   Sheren’s father is an author and has won an award for the book that talks about his own history.  

  1. Bibliography
  2. Biography
  3. Autobiography
  4. Ownography

Candidates can check out the following links for practice and revision:

  • Direct & Indirect Speech Questions & Answers
  • Idioms and Phrases Questions and Answers
  • Synonyms Questions And Answers
  • Prepositions Questions And Answers
  • Sentence Correction questions

Q.14. Our new Mr Gupta is an epitome of population explosion; he has four wives and 12 children from them. He is a ___. 

  1. Bigamy
  2. Polygamist
  3. Monogamy
  4. Classicogamy

Q.15. Sameera prefers to travel on foot for short distances. She is a __.

  1. Pedlar
  2. Pedestrian
  3. Jogger
  4. Stickler

Q.16. The doctors have put him for a blood purification process as his kidneys malfunctions. He is under ___. 

  1. Dialysis
  2. Ventilation
  3. Integration
  4. Catharsis

Check out relevant links given below for assistance in the preparation of Verbal ability of competitive exams:

Q.17. Everyone in the meeting praised Rama for his presentation, suddenly Rakesh from behind stood up to raise his opposition. Rakesh is ____.

  1. Protagonist
  2. Sidekick
  3. Antagonist
  4. Comrade

Q.18. The sudden damage and suffering caused due to the Vizag Gas leak still have its effect on the mind, body and soul of local people. 

  1. Antistrophe
  2. Apostrophe
  3. Catastrophe
  4. Anatomy

Q.19. Jacob’s cousin will surely disclose the secret of Jacob’s somnambulism in college as he loves to see Jacob being humiliated. Jacob’s cousin is ____.

  1. Shrewd
  2. Sadist
  3. Truant
  4. Masochist

Q.20. This annual function I am participating in the competition where I have to give a speech without any previous preparation. I am participating in ___.

  1. Elocution
  2. Dialect
  3. Dialogue
  4. Extempore

Candidates can download the One Word Substitution Questions PDF given below to check the answers.

20 One Word Substitution Questions And Answers PDF:-Download PDF Here

The One Word Substitution questions and answers are asked in the form of Fill in the blanks in competitive exams. Candidates by solving the above given one-word substitution exercise will get familiar with the scope and variety of questions asked in the exams. It will also enable them to solve questions easily. 

English or Verbal ability is an easy scoring section that is less tricky and time-consuming than other sections. Just a rigorous practice can help candidates master the section. Given below are a few important English topics for reference:

For more such topics, visit the general English for competitive exams page. 

Candidates preparing for different competitive exams must also check the following links to get the detailed explanation of conceptual topics along with important questions.

  1. Logical Reasoning Topics
  2. Quantitative Aptitude Topics

Aspirants willing to prepare for different government exams must keep abreast with the latest syllabus and exam pattern of respective examinations. Hence,  given below are links of the syllabus of few important government examinations.

For further queries related to books, study materials, or preparation details visit BYJU’S.

Government Exam 2023

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