Noun after the word any

The NOAD (New Oxford American Dictionary) has a note about using any:

When used as a pronoun, any can be used with either a singular or a plural verb, depending on the context: «we needed more sugar but there wasn’t any left» (singular verb) or «are any of the new videos available?» (plural verb).

In «English Grammar» (David Daniels & Barbara Daniels, ISBN 0-06-467109-7), any is listed between the pronouns that can be either plural or singular, among all, more, and some.

Looking for do you have any idea for on the Corpus of the Contemporary American English, I get a single sentence.

But what happened was that the network came to us—because we have a little production company that does my specials—and said, do you have any idea for a show?

Looking for do you have any ideas for, I get three sentences:

Do you have any ideas for the next movie?

Well, then,» said Avette, «do you have any ideas for another topic?»

Do you have any ideas for me?

Looking for «do you have any idea(s) to,» I get the following sentences:

Do you have any idea to this day how you stacked up against the men?

So, do you have any ideas to help cows and sheep stop with the gas problem?

Do you have any ideas to boost union membership?

The Corpus of Contemporary American English doesn’t have any example of the phrases I searched for the period 2010-2012. The sentences containing any ideas to/for are dated 2005-2009 (the most recent ones), while the sentences containing any idea to/for are dated 1995-1999.

  • #2

As a slightly computer literate native speaker of American English I find the sentence a little confusing. «Parties» usually refers to a group of PEOPLE. You say there is ONE device (a network device) which in turn may have multiple connections. Since the sentence is NEGATIVE (will not provide power savings) why not just say:

» Computers or any connected device set to standby mode will not provide significant power savings. «

Using the same word to refer to the same component helps the less sophisticated computer users when you are writing computer manuals. You only need a variety of terms when writing novels!

Last edited: Jan 17, 2008

  • #3

I could be wrong but I always thought it was the opposite. The use of any should be followed by a plural noun or uncountable e.g.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

Have you got any unusual habits?

You wouldn’t say:

Have you got any unusual habit?

Where you may be getting confused is in sentences where any is followed by an uncountable noun such as rice.

I haven’t got any rice.

Regards

Mak.

Last edited: Jan 17, 2008

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Summary

Any may be used as a singular or a plural pronoun, depending on whether it refers to “at least one” or “one or more.” You may use either a singular verb like is or a plural verb like are with any (although use of the plural is more common).

Examples

  • Plural: Are any of the students working on the project?

    one or more of them

  • Singular: Is any of them awake?

    at least one

When any refers to a singular uncountable noun, it is always singular.

Example

  • Is/are any of the information available yet?

As a determiner, any is generally followed by uncountable and plural countable nouns in questions and negative statements.

Examples

  • Is there any water left in the bottle?
  • Does she have any enemies?
  • I don’t have any water.
  • She doesn’t have any enemies.

With singular countable nouns, use a/an rather than any.

Examples

  • Have you ever eaten any/an apple?
  • I have never eaten any/an apple.

But note that any may be used with a singular countable noun to lend emphasis or to mean “it does not matter which.”

Examples

  • Do you have any idea what you have done?
  • Any car will do.

When to use any

The word any can be used as a pronoun or a determiner. (A pronoun functions as a noun phrase, while a determiner appears before a noun and clarifies its reference.)

Examples

  • Pronoun: Have you read any of her books?

    functions as a noun phrase: whichever books are being referred to

  • Determiner: Have you read any books written by her?

    reference to a number or quantity

The pronoun any refers to one or more of a group. Use it to speak of at least one or more than one of a set of persons or things.

Examples

  • “Can I have some oranges?” “Sorry, there aren’t any.”
  • Is any of these options still available?
  • Are any of you planning to work today?

Any can also refer to quantity.

Examples

  • “Could I have some milk?” “There isn’t any.”
  • Is any of this useful to you?
  • Is any of the soda we bought yesterday still in the car?

Any is often followed by the preposition of.

Examples

  • Do any of these come in blue?
  • Is any of this data useful to you?
  • Are any of these for sale?

Any is also used as a determiner before a noun, generally in questions and negative statements.

Examples

  • Are there any marbles left in the bag?
  • Do you have any money I can borrow?
  • I don’t have any marbles.
  • I don’t have any money.

In this article, we discuss whether the pronoun any should be used with singular or plural verbs: is any or are any of them ready? We also discuss whether any as a determiner can be followed by singular or plural nouns: any query or any queries?

Is any singular or plural?

Any may be either a singular or a plural pronoun, depending on whether it means “at least one” or “one or more.” To refer at least one of a group, use a singular verb like is. To refer to more than one of a group, use a plural verb like are.

Examples

  • Are any of you coming to the party?

    one or more of you

  • Is any of you going to help me?

    at least one of you

Tip

Any is used as a pronoun in questions, negative statements, and conditionals.

Examples

  • Question: Are any of them here?
  • Negative statement: Sorry, I don’t have any.
  • Conditional: I need some more marbles. Let me know if you find any.
  • Conditional: If any of you have a spare laptop, let me know.

Reference to countable nouns

When any is used as a pronoun in questions to refer to countable nouns, it can be used with either singular or plural verbs: is any or are any. When you use a plural verb (like are any), you are asking about “one or more” of a number. When you use a singular verb (like is any), you are asking about “at least one” of a number.

Example

  • Are any of your rooms available?

    referring to one or more

    Is any of your rooms available?

    referring to at least one, but there may be more

Here are some more examples.

Examples

  • Is/are any of them ready?
  • Is/are any of the books on sale?
  • Is/are any of my answers correct?
  • Is/are any of the students absent today?
  • Does/do any of you know the answer?
  • Has/have any of them called yet?

Note

Any and some have similar meanings but slightly different use cases. The pronoun any instead of some is used in negative statements.

Example

  • “Do you have some marbles?” “Sorry, I don’t have some/any.”

When any is used instead of some in questions, it is more open-ended.

Example

  • Would like to try some of these muffins?

    Expecting a positive answer.

    Are any of these vegan?

    Open-ended: May or may not be vegan.

Any of a number can also be used in conditional statements, either as singular or plural (although plural use is more common).

Examples

  • If any of the students needs/need my help, let me know.
  • If any of the balloons bursts/burst, replace it/them immediately.
  • Unless any of them reports/report the crime, we can’t take action.

In negative statements, the pronoun any is used to refer to a plural number rather than a singular countable noun.

Examples

  • Plural: “Can I borrow a couple of pens from you?” “Sorry, I don’t have any.”

    to refer to a plural number

  • Singular: “Can I borrow a pen?” “Sorry, I don’t have any/one.”

Reference to uncountable nouns

With singular uncountable nouns (also called mass nouns), any is singular. This is because uncountable nouns (like water, furniture, jewelry) are thought of in terms of quantity rather than a countable number.

Examples

  • Has/have any of the water been filtered?

    any amount of

  • Is/are any of your jewelry insured?
  • Is/are any of this information useful to you?
  • Does/do any of this rust?

Here are some more examples of any being considered singular when it refers to singular uncountable nouns.

Examples

  • “Is there some water in the bottle?” “There isn’t any.”
  • “We’ve ordered too much pizza.” “Well, if there is any left, we can have it for breakfast.”
  • “I need milk. Is there any in the fridge?”

When any refers to plural uncountable nouns, it is always plural. (Plural uncountable nouns are always used in the plural form, never in the singular.)

Examples

  • Are any of the scissors sharpened?
  • Why aren’t any of your trousers ever ironed?
  • Are any of the sunglasses on sale?

Is any used with singular or plural nouns?

In questions and negative statements, any generally appears as a determiner with a plural countable noun or an uncountable noun. It can also appear before a singular countable noun to lend emphasis to a sentence.

Examples

  • Do you have any books I can borrow?
  • Is any oil needed in this recipe?
  • This house doesn’t have any furniture in it.
  • The Pole Star can be seen at any hour of the night at any time of the year from any place in the Northern Hemisphere.

With uncountable and plural countable nouns

Any is used with uncountable or plural countable nouns in questions. (Countable nouns refer to things that can be counted, while uncountable or mass nouns refer to a quantity.)

Examples

  • Is there any water left in the bottle?
  • Is he wearing any trousers?
  • Are there any books in the bag?
  • Do you have any questions for me?

When any is used with singular uncountable nouns, the verb used is singular.

Examples

  • Is/Are there any water left in the bottle?
  • Is/Are there any milk in the fridge?
  • Is/Are there any money in the purse?

Any is also used with uncountable and plural countable nouns in negative statements.

Examples

  • There isn’t any milk left in the bottle.
  • Sorry, I don’t have any water to spare.
  • Farley doesn’t have any money.
  • There aren’t any scissors in the salon.
  • There aren’t any books in the bag.
  • They don’t seem to have any questions for us at the moment.

In conditionals as well, any is used with uncountable and plural countable nouns.

Examples

  • If you need any help with the project, let me know.
  • If you meet any monsters, use the magic ring.
  • Let me know if you have any questions.

With singular countable nouns

Any is not generally used with singular countable nouns. Instead, we use the indefinite article a/an.

Examples

  • Do you have any/a pen in your bag?
  • Can I get any/an answer today?
  • We are at the lake, but there isn’t any/a boat in sight.

Note that it is not grammatically wrong to use any before a singular countable noun. Such a construction can lend emphasis to a conditional or a question.

Examples

  • If you have any problem at all, let me know.
  • I can help you with any query you may have.
  • Do you have any idea why this may have happened?
  • Is there any way that I can help you?
  • Is there any cure at all, Doctor?

Any followed by a singular countable noun can also indicate that you are referring to an example of a class of things, and that it does not matter which particular thing it is.

Examples

  • “Which car would you like?” “Oh, any car will do. I’m not particular.”
  • I need a book to read on the flight. Any book will do.
  • This is a book any child would love.
  • This game can be gifted to a child of any age.
  • I like sci-fi, but we can watch any movie you like.

Some and no in place of any

Not any may be replaced by no in negative statements. Note that no is more emphatic than not any and can sound more formal.

Examples

  • I haven’t any plans.

    or

    I have no plans.

  • I don’t have any money.

    or

    I have no money.

In questions, some can convey that the speaker expects a positive response, while any is more neutral.

Examples

  • Would you like some more orange juice?

    Expectation that the person would like to have more orange juice.

  • Would you like any more tea or coffee?

    More open-ended: the person may or may not want a beverage.

In negative questions, any instead of some is used, expecting a negative response.

Examples

  • Don’t you have any money?

    Expectation that the person has no money.

  • Do you have some money I could borrow?

    Expecting a positive answer.

Finally, some instead of any is generally used in affirmative statements. Any is used in negative statements.

Examples

  • Affirmative: There is some water left in this bottle.
    Negative: There isn’t any water left in this bottle.
  • Affirmative: There are some books still in the bag.
    Negative: There aren’t any books in the bag.

Anyone, anybody, anything: Singular or plural?

The pronouns anyone, anybody, and anything refer to one person or thing and are always singular.

Examples

  • Is/are anybody home?
  • Why doesn’t/don’t anyone ever listen to me?
  • Is/are there anything I can help you with?

Sometimes, we use any one in place of any to emphasize an example of a class, regardless of which one in particular.

Examples

  • Is any one of you ready?
  • Any one of these will do.

Examples from literature

Here are some examples of the pronoun any used with singular and plural verbs.

Examples

  • Half the trouble in life is caused by pretending there isn’t any.
  • The best of a bad job is all any of us make of it—except of course, the saints.

    — T.S. Eliot, The Cocktail Party, a Comedy (1949)

  • ‘Mankind has lost its own say in its future.’ ‘It never had any, really.’
  • How real is any of the past, being every moment revalued to make the present possible.
  • What is any of this to us?
  • After all, what are any of us after but the conviction of belonging?

And here are some examples of any used as a determiner in writing. Note how it is used before a plural noun in negative statements, but before a singular noun in affirmative statements.

Examples

  • There aren’t any answers to be found. There are no good choices.
  • I never had any friends later on like the ones I had when I was 12.
  • Any planet is ‘Earth’ to those that live on it.

    — Isaac Asimov, Pebble in the Sky (1950)

  • Any fool can tell a crisis when it arrives.

    — Isaac Asimov, Foundation (1942)

background image 74

A reader asks,

If a countable noun comes after any, then should it [the noun] be singular or plural?

Like the indefinite article a/an, the word any derives from a form of the Old English word for one. Primarily an adjective, it is also used as a pronoun.

As an adjective, any is most commonly followed by plural or uncountable nouns:

In questions:
Do you have any tomatoes for sale? (plural noun)
Baa, baa Black Sheep, have you any wool? (uncountable noun)

In negative statements:
I don’t have any books by that author. (plural noun)
The lion didn’t have any courage. (uncountable noun)

In conditional statements:
If your final draft contains any errors, it will be rejected. (plural noun)
If you need any help with the proofing, let me know. (uncountable noun)

Sometimes any is used to modify a singular countable noun:

Any fourth-grader should be able to read that book.

Any grammar book will have a section on relative pronouns.

In these sentences, any is used in the sense of every:

Every fourth-grader should be able to read that book.

Every grammar book will have a section on relative pronouns.

Sometimes a singular countable noun follows any in a question:

Is there any rule that says I can’t dye my hair green?

Is there any reason you slam the screen door every time you go through it?

In the above contexts, the speaker does not anticipate more than one rule or reason, if any. On the other hand, a speaker who anticipates that there could be several rules or reasons would follow any with a plural noun:

Are there any rules against further construction in this neighborhood?

Are there any reasons we shouldn’t require job applicants to submit samples of their writing?

As a pronoun, any stands for a noun that has already been expressed, or when it is followed by the preposition of:

Of all the books I have read, this one is more memorable than any.

If there are any of the pecans left after the sale, you may have them.

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sb70012


  • #1

1. Do you have any apples?
2. Do you have any apple?

Hi,
I know that the first one is correct but is the second one incorrect? I mean can we use a singular countable noun after the word «any»?

Source: Self made Grammar question
Thank you

    • #2

    No, only with plural countables or uncountable nouns.

    sb70012


    sb70012


    • #4

    Hello again. What if I omit the word «any»?
    I mean if I say:
    Do you have….. (without «any») again I should use «plural»
    Right?

    • #5

    I think it can also be used with singular countable nouns. Though this happens in rare cases. For example, ‘You can call me at any hour of the day.’

    • #6

    You could say:

    «Do you have an apple?» for singular.
    «Do you have any apples?» for plural
    «Do you have any water?» singular uncountable
    «Do you have some water?» singular uncountable, small quantity.
    «Do you have a bit of water?» singular uncountable, very small quantity.

    When using a noun, you always need a determiner. Slang use may omit them occasionally, but I wouldn’t recommend learning it that way.

    sb70012


    • #7

    Done.
    Now I get it. Many thanks.

    velisarius


    • #8

    Hello again. What if I omit the word «any»?
    I mean if I say:
    Do you have….. (without «any») again I should use «plural»
    Right?

    Do you mean «Do you have apples»? Yes, you can, especially if you are at the greengrocer’s.

    sb70012


    • #9

    Hello again,
    Some hours a go a native English speaker told me: If you are talking about the general food «apple», you can use your second sentence. This makes «Apple» become an

    uncountable

    noun.

    1. There is some apple on the plate.
    2. Have you any apple?
    :confused:

    Is number 2 really correct? How can «apple» be uncountable as a food? Confusing point to me.

    Last edited: Nov 18, 2013

    velisarius


    • #10

    Think of it as an ingredient for apple pies. If the apples are cooked-down and mushy, each individual apple has lost its shape and there is just a bowl of apple to be used as pie filling.

    The pie-maker has an empty bowl in front of her, and she asks her co-worker «Do you have any apple?»

    DonnyB


    • #11

    1. There is some apple on the plate.
    2. Have you any apple?
    :confused:

    Is number 2 really correct? How can «apple» be uncountable as a food? Confusing point to me.

    It’s a bit confusing to me too, and the only other context I can think of in which sentence 2 would work is if, say, you were buying fruit juice in a shop, where you might ask if they had any apple(-flavoured).

    sb70012


    • #12

    Many thanks. Now I get it.

    • #13

    Hullo.

    Alas, countables and uncountables are no water-tight compartments.

    If I see a yellow stain on my daughter’s sweater, I might ask «Have you been eating egg?» even though «egg» is prototipically countable.

    GS :)

    sb70012


    • #14

    Hello again everyone,
    You said that, as a fruit and singular noun we should say «any apples» not «any apple»
    I want to know whether the word «car» follows this rule too or not?
    I mean:

    1. Do you have any cars?
    2. Do you have any car?

    If, only 1 is correct, then isn’t it strange to make a big means «car» plural?

    Thank you

    • #15

    I don’t think either one of them is natural. People usually say, Do you have a car?
    Although, you can still use any before car. For example, we can buy any car.

    sb70012


    • #16

    Hello again,

    1. Do you have a Sony camera?
    2. Do you have any Sony camera?
    3. Do you have any Sony cameras?

    I know that 1 is correct but what about 2 and 3?

    Thank you.

    Florentia52


    Wordsmyth


    • #18

    I can imagine a situation where 2 would be correct, but it’s a very specific context (and not an alternative to 1 or 3):

    I go into a camera shop and ask «Do you have the Sony NEX-7?» — The assistant answers «No» — «The RX100, then?» — «No» — «What about the W730?» — «No» …

    Finally, despairing, I ask «Do you have any Sony camera?» (with lots of stress on any). I’d probably use the singular here because what I have in mind is buying just one camera, and I’m hoping that they may have at least one model.

    Otherwise I agree with Florentia. It’s not a very common form, and certainly wouldn’t be used to enquire about Sony cameras in general.

    Ws:)

    sb70012


    •  1

    i am confused whether the noun after the word ‘any’ should be in prural or singular form. I understand that if the noun is uncountable, it should be in singular form. But I have seen for many cases, singular form is used eventhough the noun is countable.

    •   answer

    Please read the post above yours; it states clearly that ‘any’ can be used before plural nouns.

    Take any book you want. (= take one)
    Take any books you want. (= take several)

    • Mister Micawber
    • add a comment

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    Answer this Question

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    of the verb class ( class, classes, classing, classed).

    This material describes the use of the indefinite pronouns SOME and ANY, which often present some difficulty for learners of English. Compound pronouns formed from SOME and ANY are briefly described at the end of this material.

    Brief description of types of pronouns, with examples of use, is provided in Types of Pronouns in the section Miscellany.

    Agreement of indefinite pronouns and verbs in number is described in Agreement in the section Grammar.

    SOME and ANY as adjectives and nouns

    The indefinite pronouns SOME and ANY are used in the function of adjectives (some books; any books; some money; any money) and in the function of nouns (some of the students; any of them; I bought some; I didn’t buy any).

    SOME and ANY as adjectives

    SOME and ANY in the function of adjectives are used before countable and uncountable nouns and often are not translated into Russian.

    I bought some books yesterday. (several books)

    Have you seen any new films lately?

    Please buy some bread. (a little bread)

    We don’t have any bread left.

    Note:

    If you are talking about things in general, as in the examples below, do not use SOME or ANY before nouns.

    He likes green tea. She likes bananas. Can you play football?

    She has dark hair and gray eyes. Children must go to school.

    Tom and Lena are students. Tigers are animals. Bats are not birds.

    SOME and ANY as nouns

    SOME and ANY in the function of nouns are used instead of countable and uncountable nouns and can be singular or plural in meaning.

    I have read some of these stories.

    There were good oranges there, but I didn’t buy any.

    This soup is very good. Do you want some?

    Where is cheese? – Sorry, we don’t have any.

    If SOME or ANY is the subject of the sentence, the verb should agree with the subject in number.

    Were the teachers present at the meeting? – Some were.

    He asked for sweets, but there weren’t any.

    He asked for sugar, but there wasn’t any.

    Meanings and use of SOME and ANY

    The general implied meaning of SOME is «unspecified» (quantity, quality, person, persons, thing, things). Depending on the context and construction, this general meaning may be close to «a little; a few, several; a/an; certain, not all».

    In most of its meanings, SOME is used in affirmative sentences. ANY is used instead of SOME in negative and interrogative sentences. But SOME is used in requests and offers in the form of questions.

    When ANY replaces SOME, the general meaning of ANY is close to the general meaning of SOME; that is, «unspecified» (quantity, quality, person, persons, thing, things). Depending on the context and construction, the meanings of ANY may be close to «one or more; a/an; some; some quantity or number».

    ANY in the meanings «whatever, whichever, whoever it may be; every» is generally used in affirmative sentences.

    The meanings of SOME and ANY are rather indefinite. Since the meanings of Russian indefinite pronouns are also rather indefinite, Russian translation may or may not help you to understand all the meanings of SOME and ANY. Besides, there may be several variants of Russian translation, and in some cases SOME and ANY may not be translated into Russian at all.

    It is very important to study the meanings of SOME and ANY together with their use in different types of sentences and constructions – this will definitely help you to understand more fully both the meanings and the use of SOME and ANY.

    SOME in the meaning «a little»

    SOME with uncountable nouns indicates some amount; that is, an indefinite but not large amount of something. ANY is used instead of SOME in negative and interrogative sentences.

    I have some money. – I don’t have any money.

    Do you have any money? – Yes, I do. Yes, I have some (money). No, I don’t have any.

    He asked for (some) money, and I gave him some.

    He asked for (some) money, but I didn’t give him any.

    I bought some cheese, but I didn’t buy any bread.

    There is some milk in the refrigerator.

    There isn’t any milk in the refrigerator. (There is no milk in the refrigerator.)

    I’d like some more cake, please.

    Let’s listen to some music.

    I don’t have any time now.

    I need some help.

    I found some information about it.

    Did you find any information about it?

    No, I didn’t find any information about it. (No, I found no information about it.)

    SOME in the meaning «a few, several»

    SOME with plural countable nouns indicates an indefinite but not large number of persons or things (i.e., a few, several). ANY is used instead of SOME in negative and interrogative sentences.

    There are some mistakes in your composition.

    There aren’t any mistakes in your composition. (There are no mistakes in your composition.)

    Are there any mistakes in my composition? – Yes, there are some. No, there aren’t any.

    Do you have any questions? – Yes, I have some questions. No, I don’t have any questions.

    Some children were playing in the park.

    Were there any children in the park?

    I didn’t see any children in the park.

    He was looking for some pencils. I gave him some.

    He asked for some sweets, but I didn’t give him any.

    We don’t have any tools. We need some tools.

    Note: Absence of SOME

    You can sometimes omit SOME and ANY (before nouns) when they refer to an amount or number of something. Compare:

    We need to buy some bread. We need to buy bread.

    Do we need any bread? Do we need bread?

    She wanted to buy some new toys. She wanted to buy new toys.

    Did she buy any new toys? Did she buy new toys?

    SOME in the meaning «a»

    SOME before a singular countable noun expresses the meaning «unknown, unspecified» (person or thing); that is, unknown to the speaker or not specified by the speaker.

    The pronoun SOME in this meaning is close to the indefinite article «a». ANY is used instead of SOME in negative and interrogative sentences.

    You should consult some lawyer. (You should consult a lawyer.)

    I don’t need any lawyer. (I don’t need a lawyer.)

    I saw some boy in the hall. – I didn’t see any boy in the hall.

    Did you see any boy in the hall? (Did you see a boy in the hall?)

    Some woman wants to speak to you.

    We have to find some other solution. (We have to find another solution.)

    We couldn’t find any other solution.

    There must be some reason for his behavior.

    I don’t see any reason why we should go there.

    I read it in some book.

    With nouns in the plural, the meaning of SOME in such cases may be «a few, several» or «unknown, unspecified»: I saw some boys in the hall.

    Negative and interrogative sentences: I didn’t see any boys in the hall. Did you see any boys in the hall?

    SOME in the meaning «certain, not all»

    With plural countable nouns, SOME can express the meaning «certain, not all» (persons or things).

    Some animals can live without food for a long time.

    Some parts of this region get very little rain.

    Some of his friends go to a summer camp every summer.

    Some of them agreed to help us.

    Some days I work at the library.

    Note that SOME in this meaning is different from SOME indicating some number of persons or things. Compare:

    I bought some books yesterday. – Some of the books that I bought were expensive. (See also the examples at the end of «Preposition «of» after SOME and ANY» below.)

    SOME in the meaning «certain, not all» may also be used in negative and interrogative sentences. Compare the meanings of SOME and ANY in negative and interrogative sentences.

    Some people like green tea, and some don’t.

    He couldn’t answer some of their questions. – He couldn’t answer any of their questions. – He couldn’t answer their questions.

    Have you read some of these stories? – Have you read any of these stories? – Have you read these stories?

    If in some cases you are in doubt whether you can use SOME in such negative or interrogative sentences, restructure your sentence or use a substitute. For example:

    Have you read all of these stories? – No, I have not read all of these stories yet. I have read some of them.

    Preposition «of» after SOME and ANY

    The preposition «of» is used after SOME and ANY (in the function of nouns) before a specific noun denoting a group of people or things or an amount of something. In such cases, the noun is preceded by a determiner like «the, this, that, these, those; my, his, your, their, Tanya’s», which makes the noun specific.

    The preposition «of» is always used in expressions like «some of them; some of you; some of us; some of it; any of them; any of you; any of it; some of this; some of that; some of these; any of those».

    SOME in the meaning «certain, not all» is often used to denote a partial number of people or things in a specific group.

    Some of my students are lawyers.

    Some of these books belong to Mike.

    Some of these apples are spoiled.

    I know some of Tanya’s friends.

    I don’t know any of them.

    She doesn’t like any of these dresses.

    «Some of» with uncountable nouns denotes a portion or part of a larger amount.

    Some of this food is spoiled.

    Some of this work has to be done today.

    We have already unpacked some of our new furniture.

    We haven’t unpacked any of our new furniture yet.

    If the noun is not specific, «of» is not used; that is, SOME and ANY are used in the function of adjectives. Compare:

    I bought some books yesterday. – I bought some of the books that he recommended.

    I didn’t buy any books yesterday. – I didn’t find any of the books that he recommended.

    ANY in the meaning «whatever, whichever, whoever»

    ANY in the meanings «whatever, whichever, whoever it may be; every» is generally used in affirmative sentences.

    Would you like an apple? Take any you like.

    I brought some sweets. Take any you like.

    These books are very interesting. You can take any two you like.

    Please send me any letters that arrive for me.

    I’ll be home all day. Come any time you want.

    He said that he would buy it at any price.

    You can buy them at any bookstore.

    In any case, call me tomorrow.

    Any help would be appreciated.

    Any child would be able to do it.

    Any fool knows that.

    In negative and interrogative sentences this meaning of ANY may change or may include some of its other meanings.

    Don’t send me any letters. Don’t send me any of the letters that arrive for me.

    Would any child be able to do it?

    Other meanings of SOME and ANY

    SOME in the meaning «considerable»

    Usually, SOME indicates an indefinite but not large amount or number. But one of its meanings is «considerable in quantity».

    That may take some time.

    They discussed it at some length.

    He has been extremely worried for some days now.

    Note: The idiomatic expression «any number of» means «many, a lot of». For example: I told you that any number of times.

    SOME in the meaning «about, approximately»

    SOME before numerals has the meaning «about, approximately». «About» is more common in such cases.

    Some sixty people were present at the meeting. (About sixty people were present at the meeting.)

    The width of this river is some two hundred feet. (The river is about two hundred feet wide.)

    Note: ANY before numerals usually has the meaning «whatever, whichever, whoever» described above. For example: Choose any three you like.

    ANY before the comparative degree

    The adverb ANY in the meanings «to some extent; in the least; at all» is used before the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs in negative and interrogative sentences.

    He has to go. He can’t stay any longer.

    Do you feel any better?

    He doesn’t feel any better.

    We really don’t have any more time.

    I don’t want any more soup, thank you.

    Note: If you want to make affirmative sentences of this kind, you can use SOME only in some of them. For example:

    I want some more soup, please. We need some more time.

    We need more time. We need a little more time.

    He feels better. He feels a little better. I can stay a little longer.

    Note: The construction ANY + comparative degree may be used in some affirmative sentences. For example: She was afraid to stay there any longer.

    SOME in questions

    Generally, SOME is used in affirmative sentences (I have some money), and ANY is used instead of SOME in negative sentences (I don’t have any money) and in interrogative sentences (Do you have any money?).

    But SOME is used in requests and offers in the form of questions.

    SOME in requests and offers

    Requests and offers may be in the form of affirmative sentences, but more often they are in the form of general questions. As a rule, requests are not asked in the form of negative questions. Offers (of food, help, etc.) may also be in the form of negative questions. (See Word Order in Requests in the section Grammar.)

    Requests:

    I’d like some coffee, please.

    Could you give me some book to read?

    Could you lend me some of these books?

    Could you lend me some money, please?

    Can I have some more cake, please?

    Where can I find some envelopes, please?

    Offers:

    Have some tea with lemon, please.

    Would you like some of these apricots?

    Would you like some coffee?

    Won’t you have some tea?

    Do you need some help?

    Note: There may be (some) similar questions with ANY, but they usually ask for information about something. Compare:

    Do you need some help? (I’m offering help. I expect your answer to be «Yes».)

    Do you need any help? (I’m asking for information. I don’t know whether your answer will be «Yes» or «No».)

    SOME in other types of questions

    SOME may be used in other types of questions (that is, not in requests or offers) if the speaker expects an affirmative answer.

    In other words, if the speaker expects the answer «Yes», he may use SOME in his question. If he doesn’t know what the answer will be, he uses ANY in his question. (The answer may be «Yes» or «No», of course.) Compare:

    Is there some reason why you should think so? (I think there is some reason. I expect the answer «Yes».) – Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

    Is there any reason why you should think so? (I’m asking for information. I don’t know whether your answer will be «Yes» or «No».) – Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

    Note: Language learners should not base their choice of SOME in questions only on the expectation of an affirmative answer – that may lead to mistakes.

    SOME and ANY after «if»

    ANY after «if»

    ANY is often used in sentences where condition or doubt is expressed or implied, for example, after «if» in subordinate clauses of condition and after «if; whether» in object subordinate clauses.

    Please call me if you hear any news.

    Please buy some tangerines if you see any.

    If any other problem arises, inform the manager.

    Let me know if you need any help.

    He wondered if any of them knew about it.

    He asked whether any of them wanted to go there.

    I doubt that any of it is true.

    SOME after «if»

    SOME may also be used after «if». For example, if it is necessary to keep the meaning of SOME «certain, not all» (which ANY does not have), then SOME is not replaced by ANY after «if». Compare the meanings of SOME and ANY in these examples:

    If some of them decide to stay till tomorrow, they can use two guest rooms on the second floor.

    If any of them decide to stay till tomorrow, they can use two guest rooms on the second floor.

    Also, SOME usually remains unchanged if condition or doubt does not directly refer to SOME. For example:

    If you want to buy some oranges, go to a fruit store.

    We should wait and see whether we can find some other solution.

    Compound pronouns formed from SOME and ANY

    The indefinite pronouns «somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything» are used in the function of nouns. Generally, these pronouns follow the rules of the use of SOME and ANY in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.

    The pronouns «somebody» and «someone» are usually interchangeable in their unidiomatic use. The same is true of «anybody» and «anyone».

    Somebody / Someone told him about our plans.

    Ask somebody / someone to help you.

    I don’t know anybody / anyone here.

    I want to ask you something.

    Can you give me something to eat?

    He didn’t say anything.

    Do you need anything else?

    The pronouns «somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything» are singular in meaning. As subjects, they are used with the singular form of the verb.

    Someone is waiting for you in the hall.

    If someone calls, take a message, please.

    Has anyone called?

    If anyone has any questions, we’ll be glad to answer them.

    Does anybody know his address?

    Is anyone home?

    Something was wrong.

    «Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone» can be used in the possessive case. If there is «else» after «somebody, someone, anybody, anyone» in such cases, the apostrophe and «s» are added to «else».

    Someone’s dog began to whine.

    Mike doesn’t have a car. This is somebody else’s car.

    The pronouns «somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything» may be modified by adjectives which are usually placed after these pronouns.

    I want to tell you something important.

    I haven’t read anything new lately.

    «Anybody, anyone» in the meaning «whoever it may be» and «anything» in the meaning «whatever it may be» are generally used in affirmative sentences.

    Anybody can do it.

    Anything can happen.

    You can do anything you want.

    Note: The preposition «of» is not used after «somebody, anybody». Use expressions like «some of them; any of them; some of you; one of you; one of us; any of us; any of the students», etc. according to the context. (See «Preposition «of» after SOME and ANY» above.)

    Note: Compound adverbs formed from SOME and ANY

    The adverbs «somewhere, sometimes, sometime, somehow, anywhere, anytime, anyway» are generally used in the function of adverbial modifiers.

    I read about it somewhere.

    I can’t find them anywhere.

    Did you go anywhere on Sunday?

    We can go anywhere we want.

    Sometimes I see them in the park.

    They will arrive sometime next week.

    You can call us anytime.

    I asked him not to do it, but he did it anyway.

    He managed to get out somehow.

    Some и Any

    Данный материал описывает употребление неопределённых местоимений SOME и ANY, которые часто представляют трудность для изучающих английский язык. Сложные местоимения, образованные от SOME и ANY, кратко описаны в конце данного материала.

    Краткое описание типов местоимений, с примерами употребления, дано в материале Types of Pronouns в разделе Miscellany.

    Согласование неопределённых местоимений и глаголов в числе описывается в материале Agreement в разделе Grammar.

    SOME и ANY как прилагательные и существительные

    Неопределённые местоимения SOME и ANY употребляются в функции прилагательных (some books; any books; some money; any money) и в функции существительных (some of the students; any of them; I bought some; I didn’t buy any).

    SOME и ANY как прилагательные

    SOME и ANY в функции прилагательных употребляются перед исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными и часто не переводятся на русский язык.

    Я купил (кое-какие) книги вчера. (несколько книг)

    Вы видели какие-нибудь новые фильмы недавно?

    Пожалуйста, купи хлеб. (немного, какой-нибудь)

    У нас не осталось (никакого) хлеба.

    Примечание:

    Если вы говорите о чём-то в общем, как в примерах ниже, не употребляйте SOME или ANY перед существительными.

    Он любит зелёный чай. Она любит бананы. Ты умеешь играть в футбол?

    У неё тёмные волосы и серые глаза. Дети должны ходить в школу.

    Том и Лена – студенты. Тигры – животные. Летучие мыши не птицы.

    SOME и ANY как существительные

    SOME и ANY в функции существительных употребляются вместо исчисляемых и неисчисляемых существительных и могут выражать единственное или множественное число в своём значении.

    Я читал некоторые из этих рассказов.

    Там были хорошие апельсины, но я не купил их. (никакие, нисколько)

    Этот суп очень хороший. Хочешь немного?

    Где сыр? – К сожалению, у нас нет сыра.

    Если SOME или ANY является подлежащим, глагол должен быть согласован с подлежащим в числе.

    Присутствовали ли учителя на собрании? – Некоторые присутствовали.

    Он попросил конфет, но (никаких) конфет не было.

    Он попросил сахар, но (никакого) сахара не было.

    Значения и употребление SOME и ANY

    Общее подразумеваемое значение SOME – «неуказанное» (количество, качество, лицо, лица, вещь, вещи). В зависимости от контекста и конструкции, это общее значение может быть близким к «немного; несколько; какой-то; некоторые, не все».

    В большинстве своих значений, SOME употребляется в утвердительных предложениях. ANY употребляется вместо SOME в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях. Но SOME употребляется в просьбах и предложениях в форме вопросов.

    Когда ANY заменяет SOME, общее значение ANY близко к общему значению SOME; то есть «неуказанное» (количество, качество, лицо, лица, вещь, вещи). В зависимости от контекста и конструкции, значения ANY могут быть близки к «один или более; какой-то; какое-то количество».

    ANY в значениях «любой, любые, всякий, каждый» обычно употребляется в утвердительных предложениях.

    Значения SOME и ANY довольно неопределённые. Поскольку значения русских неопределённых местоимений тоже довольно неопределённые, русский перевод может вам помочь или не помочь понять все значения SOME и ANY. Кроме того, может быть несколько вариантов русского перевода, а в некоторых случаях SOME и ANY могут вообще не переводиться на русский язык.

    Очень важно изучать значения SOME и ANY вместе с их употреблением в различных типах предложений и конструкций – это определённо поможет вам понять более полно как значения, так и употребление SOME и ANY.

    SOME в значении «a little»

    SOME с неисчисляемыми существительными указывает некоторое количество; то есть неопределённое, но не большое количество чего-то. ANY употребляется вместо SOME в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

    У меня есть немного (некоторое количество) денег. – У меня нет (нисколько, никаких) денег.

    У тебя есть деньги? (сколько-нибудь денег) – Да, есть. Да, у меня есть немного (денег). Нет, у меня нет денег.

    Он попросил (немного) денег, и я дал ему немного (денег).

    Он попросил (немного) денег, но я не дал ему нисколько.

    Я купил (немного) сыра, но не купил (никакого) хлеба.

    В холодильнике есть молоко.

    В холодильнике нет молока. (В холодильнике нет молока.)

    Я хотел бы ещё немного торта, пожалуйста.

    Давайте послушаем музыку.

    У меня сейчас нет времени.

    Мне нужна кое-какая помощь.

    Я нашёл некоторую информацию об этом.

    Вы нашли какую-нибудь информацию об этом?

    Нет, я не нашёл никакой информации об этом. (Нет, я не нашёл информации об этом.)

    SOME в значении «a few, several»

    SOME с исчисляемыми существительными во мн. числе указывает неопределённое, но не большое число людей или предметов (т.е. несколько; какие-то). ANY употребляется вместо SOME в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

    В вашем сочинении есть несколько ошибок.

    В вашем сочинении нет никаких ошибок. (В вашем сочинении нет ошибок.)

    Есть ли какие-нибудь ошибки в моём сочинении? – Да, есть несколько. Нет, нет никаких.

    У вас есть какие-либо вопросы? – Да, у меня есть несколько вопросов. Нет, у меня нет никаких вопросов.

    Несколько детей / Какие-то дети играли в парке.

    Были ли какие-нибудь дети в парке?

    Я не видел никаких детей в парке.

    Он искал (какие-нибудь) карандаши. Я дал ему несколько.

    Он просил конфет, но я не дал ему никаких.

    У нас нет никаких инструментов. Нам нужны кое-какие (несколько, какие-нибудь) инструменты.

    Примечание: Отсутствие SOME

    Иногда можно опустить SOME и ANY (перед существительными), когда они имеют в виду количество чего-то. Сравните:

    Нам нужно купить (немного, какой-нибудь) хлеб. Нам нужно купить хлеб.

    Нам нужен (сколько-нибудь, какой-либо) хлеб? Нам нужен хлеб?

    Она хотела купить (несколько, какие-нибудь) новые игрушки. Она хотела купить новые игрушки.

    Она купила (какие-нибудь) новые игрушки? Она купила новые игрушки?

    SOME в значении «a»

    SOME перед исчисляемым существительным в ед. числе выражает значение «неизвестный, неуказанный» (человек или предмет); то есть, не известный говорящему или не указанный говорящим.

    Местоимение SOME в этом значении близко к неопределённому артиклю «a». ANY употребляется вместо SOME в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

    Вам следует посоветоваться с каким-нибудь юристом. (Вам следует посоветоваться с юристом.)

    Мне не нужен никакой юрист. (Мне не нужен юрист.)

    Я увидел какого-то мальчика в холле. – Я не видел (никакого, ни одного) мальчика в холле.

    Вы видели какого-нибудь мальчика в холле? (Вы видели (какого-нибудь) мальчика в холле?)

    Какая-то женщина хочет поговорить с вами.

    Мы должны найти какое-то другое решение. (Мы должны найти другое решение.)

    Мы не смогли найти никакого другого решения.

    Должна быть какая-то причина для его поведения.

    Я не вижу никакой (ни одной) причины, почему мы должны идти туда.

    Я читал это в какой-то книге.

    С существительными во мн. числе, значение SOME в таких случаях может быть «несколько» или «какие-то, неизвестные, неуказанные»: Я увидел нескольких / каких-то мальчиков в холле.

    Отрицательные и вопросительные предложения: Я не видел никаких мальчиков в холле. Вы видели каких-либо (каких-нибудь) мальчиков в холле?

    SOME в значении «certain, not all»

    С исчисляемыми существительными во мн. числе SOME может выражать значение «некоторые, не все» (люди или вещи).

    Некоторые животные могут жить без еды долгое время.

    Некоторые части этого района получают очень мало дождя.

    Некоторые из его друзей ездят в летний лагерь каждое лето.

    Некоторые из них согласились помочь нам.

    В некоторые дни я работаю в библиотеке.

    Обратите внимание, что SOME в этом значении отличается от SOME, указывающего какое-то количество людей или вещей. Сравните:

    Я купил несколько книг (кое-какие книги) вчера. – Некоторые из книг, которые я купил, были дорогие. (См. также примеры в конце части «Preposition «of» after SOME and ANY» ниже.)

    SOME в значении «некоторые, не все» может также употребляться в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях. Сравните значения SOME и ANY в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

    Некоторые люди любят зелёный чай, а некоторые не любят.

    Он не смог ответить на некоторые из их вопросов. – Он не смог ответить ни на один (ни на какие) из их вопросов. – Он не смог ответить на их вопросы.

    Вы прочитали некоторые из этих рассказов? – Вы прочитали какие-либо (хотя бы один) из этих рассказов? – Вы прочитали эти рассказы?

    Если в некоторых случаях вы сомневаетесь, можно ли вам употребить SOME в таких в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях, перестройте предложение или употребите заменитель. Например:

    Вы прочитали все из этих рассказов? – Нет, я ещё не прочитал все из этих рассказов. Я прочитал некоторые из них.

    Предлог «of» после SOME и ANY

    Предлог «of» употребляется после SOME и ANY (в функции существительных) перед определённым существительным, обозначающим группу людей или предметов или количество чего-то. В таких случаях, перед существительным стоит определитель типа «the, this, that, these, those; my, his, your, their, Tanya’s», который делает существительное определённым.

    Предлог «of» всегда употребляется в выражениях типа «some of them; some of you; some of us; some of it; any of them; any of you; any of it; some of this; some of that; some of these; any of those».

    SOME в значении «некоторые, не все» часто употребляется для обозначения частичного количества людей или вещей в определённой группе.

    Некоторые из моих студентов – юристы.

    Некоторые из этих книг принадлежат Майку.

    Некоторые из этих яблок испорчены.

    Я знаю некоторых друзей Тани.

    Я не знаю никого из них.

    Ей не нравятся никакие (ни одно) из этих платьев.

    «Some of» с неисчисляемыми существительными обозначает порцию или часть большего количества.

    Некоторая часть этой еды испорчена.

    Некоторая часть этой работы должна быть сделана сегодня.

    Мы уже распаковали часть нашей новой мебели.

    Мы ещё не распаковали (нисколько, никакую часть) нашу новую мебель.

    Если существительное не определённое, «of» не употребляется; то есть SOME и ANY употребляются в функции прилагательных. Сравните:

    Я купил несколько книг (кое-какие книги) вчера. – Я купил некоторые из книг, которые он рекомендовал.

    Я не купил (никакие) книги вчера. – Я не нашёл никаких (ни одну) из тех книг, которые он рекомендовал.

    ANY в значении «whatever, whichever, whoever»

    ANY в значениях «любой, любые, всякий, каждый» обычно употребляется в утвердительных предложениях.

    Хочешь яблоко? Возьми любое, какое тебе нравится.

    Я принёс конфеты. Возьми любую / любые, какие тебе нравятся.

    Эти книги очень интересные. Ты можешь взять любые две, которые тебе нравятся.

    Пожалуйста, присылайте мне любые письма, которые придут для меня.

    Я буду дома весь день. Приходите в любое время, когда хотите.

    Он сказал, что купит это по любой цене.

    Вы можете купить их в любом книжном магазине.

    В любом случае, позвоните мне завтра.

    Мы будем признательны за любую помощь.

    Любой ребёнок сможет сделать это.

    Каждый дурак знает это.

    В отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях это значение ANY может измениться или может включать некоторые другие из его значений.

    Не присылайте мне никаких писем. Не присылайте мне никакие (ни одно) из тех писем, которые придут для меня.

    Сможет ли какой-нибудь ребёнок сделать это? Сможет ли любой ребёнок сделать это?

    Другие значения SOME и ANY

    SOME в значении «considerable»

    Обычно, SOME указывает неопределённое, но не большое количество. Но одно из его значений – «значительное по количеству».

    Это может занять какое-то (долгое) время.

    Они обсуждали это довольно долго.

    Он чрезвычайно встревожен уже сколько-то дней.

    Примечание: Идиоматическое выражение «any number of» значит «много, множество». Например: Я говорил тебе это много раз.

    SOME в значении «about, approximately»

    SOME перед числительными имеет значение «около, приблизительно». «About» чаще употребляется в таких случаях.

    Около шестидесяти человек присутствовали на собрании. (Около шестидесяти человек присутствовали на собрании.)

    Ширина этой реки около двухсот футов. (Эта река имеет ширину приблизительно двести футов.)

    Примечание: ANY перед числительными обычно имеет значение «любой, любые», описанное выше. Например: Выберите любые три, которые вам нравятся.

    ANY перед сравнительной степенью

    Наречие ANY в значениях «до какой-то степени; в малейшей степени; совсем» употребляется перед сравнительной степенью прилагательных и наречий в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

    Он должен идти. Он (совсем) не может остаться дольше.

    Чувствуете ли вы себя (хоть) немного лучше?

    Он не чувствует себя (сколько-нибудь) лучше. (Ему нисколько / ничуть не лучше.)

    У нас действительно нет больше времени.

    Я не хочу больше супа, спасибо. (Я не хочу ещё супа, спасибо.)

    Примечание: Если вы хотите сделать утвердительные предложения такого типа, вы можете употребить SOME только в некоторых из них. Например:

    Я хочу ещё немного супа, пожалуйста. Нам нужно ещё немного времени.

    Нам нужно больше времени. (т.е. нужно ещё время) Нам нужно ещё немного времени.

    Он чувствует себя лучше. Он чувствует себя немного лучше. Я могу остаться немного дольше.

    Примечание: Конструкция ANY + сравнительная степень может употребляться в некоторых утвердительных предложениях. Например: Она боялась оставаться там (хоть чуть-чуть) дольше.

    SOME в вопросах

    Обычно, SOME употребляется в утвердительных предложениях (I have some money), а ANY употребляется вместо SOME в отрицательных предложениях (I don’t have any money) и в вопросительных предложениях (Do you have any money?).

    Но SOME употребляется в просьбах и предложениях в форме вопросов.

    SOME в просьбах и предложениях

    Просьбы и предложения могут быть в форме утвердительных предложений, но чаще они бывают в форме общих вопросов. Как правило, просьбы не задаются в форме отрицательных вопросов. Предложения (еды, помощи и т.д.) могут также быть в форме отрицательных вопросов. (См. Word Order in Requests в разделе Grammar.)

    Просьбы:

    Я хотел бы кофе, пожалуйста.

    Не могли бы вы дать мне какую-нибудь книгу почитать?

    Не могли бы вы дать (одолжить) мне некоторые из этих книг?

    Не могли бы вы одолжить мне немного денег?

    Можно мне ещё немного торта, пожалуйста?

    Где я могу найти конверты, пожалуйста?

    Предложения:

    Выпейте чаю с лимоном, пожалуйста.

    Не хотите ли несколько этих абрикосов?

    Не хотите ли кофе?

    Не хотите ли чаю? (Разве вы не выпьете немного чая?)

    Вам нужна (какая-нибудь) помощь?

    Примечание: Могут быть (некоторые) похожие вопросы с ANY, но они обычно спрашивают информацию о чём-то. Сравните:

    Вам нужна (какая-нибудь) помощь? (Я предлагаю помощь. Я ожидаю, что ваш ответ будет «Yes».)

    Вам нужна какая-либо помощь? (Я прошу дать информацию. Я не знаю, будет ли ваш ответ «Yes» или «No».)

    SOME в других типах вопросов

    SOME может употребляться в других типах вопросов (то есть не в просьбах и предложениях), если говорящий ожидает утвердительного ответа.

    Другими словами, если говорящий ожидает услышать ответ «Yes», он может употребить SOME в своём вопросе. Если он не знает, каким будет ответ, он употребляет ANY в своём вопросе. (Ответ может быть «Yes» или «No», конечно.) Сравните:

    Есть ли какая-то причина, почему вы так думаете? (Я думаю, что какая-то причина есть. Я ожидаю ответ «Yes».) – Да, есть. Нет, (такой причины) нет.

    Есть ли какая-то причина, почему вы так думаете? (Я прошу дать информацию. Я не знаю, будет ли ваш ответ «Yes» или «No».) – Да, есть. Нет, (такой причины) нет.

    Примечание: Изучающим английский язык не следует основывать свой выбор SOME в вопросах только на ожидании утвердительного ответа – это может привести к ошибкам.

    SOME и ANY после «if»

    ANY после «if»

    ANY часто употребляется в предложениях, где выражается или подразумевается условие или сомнение, например, после «if» в придаточных предложениях условия и после «if; whether» в дополнительных придаточных предложениях.

    Пожалуйста, позвоните мне, если вы услышите какие-нибудь новости.

    Пожалуйста, купите мандарины, если увидите (их).

    Если возникнет какая-либо другая проблема, сообщите менеджеру.

    Сообщите мне, если вам понадобится какая-либо помощь.

    Его интересовало, знает ли кто-нибудь из них об этом.

    Он спросил, хочет ли кто-нибудь из них пойти туда.

    Я сомневаюсь, что хоть что-то из этого является правдой.

    SOME после «if»

    SOME тоже может употребляться после «if». Например, если необходимо сохранить значение SOME «некоторые, не все» (которого нет у ANY), то SOME не заменяется на ANY после «if». Сравните значения SOME и ANY в этих примерах:

    Если некоторые из них решат остаться до завтра, они могут использовать две гостевые комнаты на втором этаже.

    Если кто-либо из них решит (решат) остаться до завтра, они могут использовать две гостевые комнаты на втором этаже.

    Также, SOME обычно не заменяется, если условие или сомнение прямо не относится к SOME. Например:

    Если вы хотите купить апельсины, пойдите в магазин фруктов.

    Нам следует подождать и посмотреть, не сможем ли мы найти какое-то другое решение.

    Сложные местоимения, образованные от SOME и ANY

    Неопределённые местоимения «somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything» употребляются в функции существительных. Обычно, эти местоимения следуют правилам употребления SOME и ANY в утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

    Местоимения «somebody» и «someone» обычно взаимозаменяемы в их неидиоматическом употреблении. То же верно в отношении «anybody» и «anyone».

    Кто-то рассказал ему о наших планах.

    Попросите кого-нибудь помочь вам.

    Я не знаю никого здесь.

    Я хочу спросить у тебя кое-что.

    Вы не могли бы дать мне что-нибудь поесть?

    Он ничего не сказал.

    Вам нужно что-нибудь ещё?

    Местоимения «somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything» имеют значение ед. числа. Как подлежащие, они употребляются с глаголом в форме ед. числа.

    Кто-то ждёт вас в холле.

    Если кто-нибудь позвонит, запишите сообщение, пожалуйста.

    Кто-нибудь звонил?

    Если у кого-нибудь есть какие-либо вопросы, мы будем рады ответить на них.

    Кто-нибудь знает его адрес?

    Кто-нибудь есть дома?

    Что-то было не так.

    «Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone» могут употребляться в притяжательном падеже. Если после «somebody, someone, anybody, anyone» стоит «else» в таких случаях, апостроф и «s» прибавляются к «else».

    Чья-то собака начала скулить.

    У Майка нет машины. Это машина кого-то другого.

    Местоимения «somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything» могут определяться прилагательными, которые обычно ставятся после этих местоимений.

    Я хочу сказать тебе что-то важное.

    Я не читал ничего нового в последнее время.

    «Anybody, anyone» в значении «whoever it may be» (любой, всякий человек) и «anything» в значении «whatever it may be» (любое что-то) обычно употребляются в утвердительных предложениях.

    Любой может сделать это.

    Что угодно может случиться.

    Ты можешь делать всё, что захочешь.

    Примечание: Предлог «of» не употребляется после «somebody, anybody». Употребите выражения типа «some of them; any of them; some of you; one of you; one of us; any of us; any of the students» и т.д. по контексту. (См. «Preposition «of» after SOME and ANY» выше.)

    Примечание: Сложные наречия, образованные от SOME и ANY

    Наречия «somewhere, sometimes, sometime, somehow, anywhere, anytime, anyway» обычно употребляются в функции обстоятельств.

    Я читал об этом где-то.

    Я нигде не могу их найти.

    Вы ходили куда-нибудь в воскресенье?

    Мы можем пойти, куда захотим.

    Иногда я вижу их в парке.

    Они приедут где-то на следующей неделе.

    Вы можете звонить нам в любое время.

    Я просил его не делать этого, но он всё равно сделал это.

    Он сумел как-то выбраться.

    In this post, you’re going to learn how to avoid common mistakes when using ‘any’ in English. You’ll also learn the difference between ‘some’ and ‘any’.

    THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “SOME” AND “ANY”

    Common Mistakes with ANY in English

    I often hear English students make this mistake:

    “Do you have any pets?”

    “No, any.”

    Using ‘any’ here is incorrect because ‘any’ and words that begin with ‘any’ (anyone, anybody, anywhere, etc.) are not negative. 

    So we say,

    Here are some other examples,

    “She has no patience.”

    Nobody likes it here.”

    “I have nothing to say.”

    None of my friends are coming.”

    Another common mistake in English is using ‘any’ instead of ‘a’ or ‘an’. 

    So we say,

    Using ‘any’ here is incorrect because we normally use a plural noun (or an uncountable noun) after ‘any’. 

    For example, if I’m expecting an important letter, I can say:

    “Are there any letters for me?”

    Or, 

    There are some exceptions to this rule, and we’ll discuss those below.

    How to Use ANY in English

    We use ‘any’ in negative sentences (with doesn’t, don’t, didn’t, etc.) and with words that have a negative meaning, such as ‘never’, ‘without’, ‘refuse’, etc. So we can say,

    “He never says anything.”

    “We didn’t stop anywhere.”

    “They did it without any difficulty.”

    “She refused to give him any attention.”

    We also use ‘any’ in most questions, and often with ‘if’. For example,

    “Did anyone understand this?”

    “Do you know any good bars?”

    “Have you seen any good movies lately?”

    “If they need any help, tell them to call me.”

    How to Use SOME in English

    We generally use ‘some’ and words that start with ‘some’ (someone, somebody, etc.) in affirmative sentences. So we can say,

    “There is someone at the door.”

    “He has some interesting stories.”

    We use ‘some’ when we don’t care about the quantity or the amount. For example,

    “There’s some spaghetti sauce on your face.” 

    We also use ‘some’ when something or someone is unknown or unfamiliar. So we can say,

    Some guy called for you while you were gone. Here’s his number.”

    Some lady was asking about you. I told her to come back in an hour.”

    As I mentioned earlier, we use ‘any’ in most questions. But there are some exceptions. For instance, when we make offers or requests, we use ‘some’. So, if you’re with friends and you’d like to offer them drinks, you can say,

    “Would you like some wine?”

    “Would you like something to drink?”

    Similarly, if you’re making a request, you can say,

    “Can I have some water?”

    “Could you lend me some money?”

    The Main Difference Between SOME and ANY

    As a general rule, we use ‘some’ for affirmative sentences, and ‘any’ for questions or negative sentences.

    Usually, both ‘some’ and ‘any’ can only be used with countable plural nouns or uncountable nouns. For example,

    “I have some questions.”

    “I don’t have any questions.”

    “Do you have any questions?”

    Or,

    “I have some water.“

    “I don’t have any water.“

    “Do you have any water?“

    But there are some exceptions.

    We can use ‘any’ in affirmative sentences when there’s a sense of no limitation. For example,

    Anyone who works here can help you.”

    This means that it doesn’t matter who you ask, because everyone who works here can help you.

    Here are other examples,

    “He can eat anything and not gain weight.”

    “These are great ideas for anyone who works from home.”

    Any Ideas or Any Idea?

    A few of my students were confused about the difference between ‘any ideas’ and ‘any idea’. So let’s look at the difference between them. 

    ‘Any idea’ and ‘any ideas’ are used in different contexts. Generally, we use ‘any ideas’ when we’re looking for suggestions. For example,

    “How can we get more customers? Do you have any ideas?”

    “Where should we go for our vacation next year? Any ideas?”

    But we use ‘Do you have any idea…?’ differently.

    We use ‘any idea’ when we’re asking for a specific answer to a problem we have. For example, 

    “Do you have any idea why he’s so tired?”

    “Who finished the wine? Do you have any idea?”

    In spoken English, we often omit the ‘do you’. So we can say,

    “Who made this mess? Any idea?”

    We also use ‘any idea’ in rhetorical questions or as emphasis in emotional questions. Here, it’s another way to say, ‘do you understand…’. For example,

    “Do you have any idea how difficult this is for me?”

    “You didn’t come home last night! Do you have any idea how worried we were?”

    I hope this clears up any confusion with ‘some’ and ‘any’! Share this article with a friend who struggles with this. And if you have any questions, let me know in the comments below. Thanks for reading!

    About the Writer

    Sama is the founder of In English With Love and an online English educator from Canada. Her mission is to make quality English learning materials accessible to English learners and teachers everywhere.

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