Microsoft office interop excel что это

title	description	ms.date	ms.topic	dev_langs	helpviewer_keywords	author	ms.author	manager	ms.technology	ms.workload
Excel Object model overview	Learn that you can interact with the objects provided by the Excel object model to develop solutions that use Microsoft Office Excel.	08/14/2019	conceptual	VB CSharp	Worksheet object Range object object models [Office development in Visual Studio], Excel object models [Office development in Visual Studio], Office Workbook class objects [Office development in Visual Studio], Office object models Excel object model Office object models	John-Hart	johnhart	jmartens	office-development	office

Excel object model overview

[!INCLUDE Visual Studio]
To develop solutions that use Microsoft Office Excel, you can interact with the objects provided by the Excel object model. This topic introduces the most important objects:

• xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application

• xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook

• xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet

• xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range

  [!INCLUDEappliesto_xlalldocapp]

[!includeAdd-ins note]

The object model closely follows the user interface. The xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application object represents the entire application, and each xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook object contains a collection of Worksheet objects. From there, the major abstraction that represents cells is the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range object, which enables you to work with individual cells or groups of cells.

In addition to the Excel object model, Office projects in Visual Studio provide host items and host controls that extend some objects in the Excel object model. Host items and host controls behave like the Excel objects they extend, but they also have additional functionality such as data-binding capabilities and extra events. For more information, see Automate Excel by using extended objects and Host items and host controls overview.

This topic provides a brief overview of the Excel object model. For resources where you can learn more about the entire Excel object model, see Use the Excel object model documentation.

Access objects in an Excel project

When you create a new VSTO Add-in project for Excel, Visual Studio automatically creates a ThisAddIn.vb or ThisAddIn.cs code file. You can access the Application object by using Me.Application or this.Application.

When you create a new document-level project for Excel, you have the option of creating a new Excel Workbook or Excel Template project. Visual Studio automatically creates the following code files in your new Excel project for both workbook and template projects.

Visual Basic	C#
ThisWorkbook.vb	ThisWorkbook.cs
Sheet1.vb	Sheet1.cs
Sheet2.vb	Sheet2.cs
Sheet3.vb	Sheet3.cs

You can use the Globals class in your project to access ThisWorkbook, Sheet1, Sheet2, or Sheet3 from outside of the respective class. For more information, see Global access to objects in Office projects. The following example calls the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Worksheet.PrintPreview%2A method of Sheet1 regardless of whether the code is placed in one of the Sheetn classes or the ThisWorkbook class.

C#

:::code language=»csharp» source=»../vsto/codesnippet/CSharp/Trin_VstcoreExcelAutomationCS/Sheet1.cs» id=»Snippet82″:::

VB

:::code language=»vb» source=»../vsto/codesnippet/VisualBasic/Trin_VstcoreExcelAutomation/Sheet1.vb» id=»Snippet82″:::

Because the data in an Excel document is highly structured, the object model is hierarchical and straightforward. Excel provides hundreds of objects with which you might want to interact, but you can get a good start on the object model by focusing on a small subset of the available objects. These objects include the following four:

• Application

• Workbook

• Worksheet

• Range

  Much of the work done with Excel centers around these four objects and their members.

Application object

The Excel xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application object represents the Excel application itself. The xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application object exposes a great deal of information about the running application, the options applied to that instance, and the current user objects open within the instance.

[!NOTE]
You should not set the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass.EnableEvents%2A property of the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application object in Excel to false. Setting this property to false prevents Excel from raising any events, including the events of host controls.

Workbook object

The xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook object represents a single workbook within the Excel application.

The Office development tools in Visual Studio extend the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook object by providing the xref:Microsoft.Office.Tools.Excel.Workbook type. This type gives you access to all features of a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook object. For more information, see Workbook host item.

Worksheet object

The xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet object is a member of the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheets collection. Many of the properties, methods, and events of the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet are identical or similar to members provided by the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application or xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook objects.

Excel provides a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Sheets collection as a property of a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook object. Each member of the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Sheets collection is either a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet or a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Chart object.

The Office development tools in Visual Studio extend the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet object by providing the xref:Microsoft.Office.Tools.Excel.Worksheet type. This type gives you access to all features of a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet object, as well as new features such as the ability to host managed controls and handle new events. For more information, see Worksheet host item.

Range object

The xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range object is the object you will use most within your Excel applications. Before you can manipulate any region within Excel, you must express it as a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range object and work with methods and properties of that range. A xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range object represents a cell, a row, a column, a selection of cells that contains one or more blocks of cells, which might or might not be contiguous, or even a group of cells on multiple sheets.

Visual Studio extends the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range object by providing the xref:Microsoft.Office.Tools.Excel.NamedRange and xref:Microsoft.Office.Tools.Excel.XmlMappedRange types. These types have most of the same features as a xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range object, as well as new features such as the data binding capability and new events. For more information, see NamedRange control and XmlMappedRange control.

Use the Excel object model documentation

For complete information about the Excel object model, you can refer to the Excel primary interop assembly (PIA) reference and the VBA object model reference.

Primary interop assembly reference

The Excel PIA reference documentation describes the types in the primary interop assembly for Excel. This documentation is available from the following location: Excel 2010 primary interop assembly reference.

For more information about the design of the Excel PIA, such as the differences between classes and interfaces in the PIA and how events in the PIA are implemented, see Overview of classes and interfaces in the Office primary interop assemblies.

VBA object model reference

The VBA object model reference documents the Excel object model as it is exposed to Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) code. For more information, see Excel 2010 object model reference.

All of the objects and members in the VBA object model reference correspond to types and members in the Excel PIA. For example, the Worksheet object in the VBA object model reference corresponds to the xref:Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet object in the Excel PIA. Although the VBA object model reference provides code examples for most properties, methods, and events, you must translate the VBA code in this reference to Visual Basic or Visual C# if you want to use them in an Excel project that you create by using Visual Studio.

Related topics

Title	Description
Excel solutions	Explains how you can create document-level customizations and VSTO Add-ins for Microsoft Office Excel.
Work with ranges	Provides examples that show how to perform common tasks with ranges.
Work with worksheets	Provides examples that show how to perform common tasks with worksheets.
Work with workbooks	Provides examples that show how to perform common tasks with workbooks.

This C# tutorial handles Microsoft Excel files. It applies Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel to read XLS files.

Excel creates XLS and XLSX files. These files are hard to read in C# programs.

They are handled with the Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel assembly. This assembly sometimes creates performance issues. Step-by-step instructions are helpful.

Tip: Add the Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel assembly by going to Project -> Add Reference.

Visual Studio

Interop. You must include a namespace to use Excel in your C# program. You have to use Visual Studio’s GUI to add an assembly to your program to use Excel interop. Use the Add Reference command for this.

Namespace containing Excel interop methods

using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

First, we make a new C# class file in Visual Studio and you can call it something like ExcelInterop. We use that name in the examples, but you are free to use something more familiar or standard.

Tip: Add the using line to your class file—this will make the Excel namespace handy.

Excel interop methods. If you look at various Excel interop objects in IntelliSense, you will see hundreds of undocumented functions. You will only need to use a few—unless you have complex requirements.

Class that stores Application: C#

/// <summary>
/// This class contains the Excel Interop code we need.
/// It can be shared in many places to avoid duplication.
/// </summary>
class ExcelReaderInterop
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Store the Application object we can use in the member functions.
    /// </summary>
    Application _excelApp;

    /// <summary>
    /// Initialize a new Excel reader. Must be integrated
    /// with an Excel interface object.
    /// </summary>
    public ExcelReaderInterop()
    {
	_excelApp = new Application();
    }
}

Interop class. We need a place to store our Excel information, so we use our special class. Put an Application object called _excelApp as a member. In the constructor, make the _excelApp a new Application object.

Class

Open. To open Excel files, you must call Workbooks.Open. It is harder than it should be. Put a public function on the class, and it can use the _excelApp we already have. The following code uses the Workbooks.Open method.

Method that opens Excel workbooks: C#

/// <summary>
/// Open the file path received in Excel. Then, open the workbook
/// within the file. Send the workbook to the next function, the internal scan
/// function. Will throw an exception if a file cannot be found or opened.
/// </summary>
public void ExcelOpenSpreadsheets(string thisFileName)
{
    try
    {
	//
	// This mess of code opens an Excel workbook. I don't know what all
	// those arguments do, but they can be changed to influence behavior.
	//
	Workbook workBook = _excelApp.Workbooks.Open(thisFileName,
	    Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
	    Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
	    Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
	    Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

	//
	// Pass the workbook to a separate function. This new function
	// will iterate through the worksheets in the workbook.
	//
	ExcelScanIntenal(workBook);

	//
	// Clean up.
	//
	workBook.Close(false, thisFileName, null);
	Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBook);
    }
    catch
    {
	//
	// Deal with exceptions.
	//
    }
}

I apologize for the mess that is Workbooks.Open. This is probably the result of legacy code at Microsoft. There are many Type.Missing arguments. And don’t panic over those Type.Missing arguments. You don’t need to know what they do.

Next, open a workbook with Workbooks.Open. Send the workbook we open to another function called ExcelScanInternal. Close the workbook and release all the memory. You will need to deal with exceptions in the catch block.

Note: I don’t have the information about all the detailed exceptions that can be thrown. Just catch them in one statement.

Catch

Loop. To get data from workbooks, you will need to loop over the sheets. An Excel workbook has one or more sheets. In Excel, you can switch between sheets by clicking on the tabs on the bottom.

Tip: In Excel Interop, sheets are indexed starting at 1. This is similar to Visual Basic but not the C# language.

Method that gets sheets: C#

/// <summary>
/// Scan the selected Excel workbook and store the information in the cells
/// for this workbook in an object[,] array. Then, call another method
/// to process the data.
/// </summary>
private void ExcelScanIntenal(Workbook workBookIn)
{
    //
    // Get sheet Count and store the number of sheets.
    //
    int numSheets = workBookIn.Sheets.Count;

    //
    // Iterate through the sheets. They are indexed starting at 1.
    //
    for (int sheetNum = 1; sheetNum < numSheets + 1; sheetNum++)
    {
	Worksheet sheet = (Worksheet)workBookIn.Sheets[sheetNum];

	//
	// Take the used range of the sheet. Finally, get an object array of all
	// of the cells in the sheet (their values). You can do things with those
	// values. See notes about compatibility.
	//
	Range excelRange = sheet.UsedRange;
	object[,] valueArray = (object[,])excelRange.get_Value(
	    XlRangeValueDataType.xlRangeValueDefault);

	//
	// Do something with the data in the array with a custom method.
	//
	ProcessObjects(valueArray);
    }
}

In this example, the object array is directly usable in the C# language. Once you get the objects, you don’t need to do any more Interop. This provides a huge performance boost. There are benefits to reducing calls to Excel Interop.

Next: I show some benchmarks I took comparing the various techniques of Excel interop.

Performance. If you do your Excel processing wrong, you could be waiting a long time to process even 10 spreadsheets at once. Using the Cells[] indexer on a range, or getting the range with the Range property or get_Range() is slow.

Note: This document is based on .NET 3.5. The approach shown here is the fastest one.

Excel interop benchmark

Cells[]:                30.0 seconds
get_Range(), Cells[]:   15.0 seconds
UsedRange, get_Value():  1.5 seconds [fastest]

Compatibility. There is a compatibility issue with the Excel program on the Apple Mac OS X platform. Excel stores OA dates in different formats on Macs and PCs. The code above shows one solution, which is to use get_Value() instead of Value2.

FromOADate and Excel Dates

Note: The function get_Value() returns objects that do not vary based on the original platform.

Charts. It is also possible to create charts directly in your Excel workbooks. The ChartWizard method is useful for this. Also, you can use new features from the .NET Framework 4.0 to simplify how you use Excel.

This example uses several hard-coded constant values. The range of the data we want to chart is encoded in the topLeft and bottomRight constants. You can see we use the ChartObjects property and then Add a Chart.

Next: We set the range of the chart with SetSourceData. We use the XlChartType.xlLine enumerated constant and call ChartWizard().

Tip: Include the Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel namespace by right-clicking on References and selecting Add Reference.

C# program that creates Excel chart from data

using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

class Program
{
    const string fileName = "C:\Book1.xlsx";
    const string topLeft = "A1";
    const string bottomRight = "A4";
    const string graphTitle = "Graph Title";
    const string xAxis = "Time";
    const string yAxis = "Value";

    static void Main()
    {
	// Open Excel and get first worksheet.
	var application = new Application();
	var workbook = application.Workbooks.Open(fileName);
	var worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[1] as
	    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet;

	// Add chart.
	var charts = worksheet.ChartObjects() as
	    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ChartObjects;
	var chartObject = charts.Add(60, 10, 300, 300) as
	    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ChartObject;
	var chart = chartObject.Chart;

	// Set chart range.
	var range = worksheet.get_Range(topLeft, bottomRight);
	chart.SetSourceData(range);

	// Set chart properties.
	chart.ChartType = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlChartType.xlLine;
	chart.ChartWizard(Source: range,
	    Title: graphTitle,
	    CategoryTitle: xAxis,
	    ValueTitle: yAxis);

	// Save.
	workbook.Save();
    }
}

In this example, we use the named parameters and default parameters functionality in the .NET Framework 4.0. In older versions of the .NET Framework, you will need to specify the Missing value yourself.

Note: Some code contributed by Randall Kelsey was adapted for the charting example.

The program requires an Excel document named Book1.xlsx located at C:Book1.xlsx. In this file, you need to add four values in the first column. The program, upon execution, will create a chart based on those four values.

Tip: Many options can be changed to create different charts based on different data ranges.

Also: We showed how named parameters and default parameters from the .NET Framework 4.0 can clean up Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel code.

Summary. We saw how to get started with Excel interop and avoid severe performance problems with the assembly. It is confusing to call the complicated Open method with Type.Missing in more places than necessary.

---

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Оставляю заметку по работе с Excel с помощью C#.

Привожу фрагменты кода, которые искал когда-то сам для работы с Excel документами.

Наработки очень пригодились в работе для формирования отчетности.

Прежде всего нужно подключить библиотеку Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.

Далее создаем псевдоним для работы с Excel:

using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

//Объявляем приложение
Excel.Application ex = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();

//Отобразить Excel
ex.Visible = true;

//Количество листов в рабочей книге
ex.SheetsInNewWorkbook = 2;

//Добавить рабочую книгу
Excel.Workbook workBook = ex.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing);

//Отключить отображение окон с сообщениями
ex.DisplayAlerts = false;                                       

//Получаем первый лист документа (счет начинается с 1)
Excel.Worksheet sheet = (Excel.Worksheet)ex.Worksheets.get_Item(1);

//Название листа (вкладки снизу)
sheet.Name = "Отчет за 13.12.2017";

//Пример заполнения ячеек
for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
{
  for (int j = 1; j < 9; j++)
  sheet.Cells[i, j] = String.Format("Boom {0} {1}", i, j);
}

//Захватываем диапазон ячеек
Excel.Range range1 = sheet.get_Range(sheet.Cells[1, 1], sheet.Cells[9, 9]);

//Шрифт для диапазона
range1.Cells.Font.Name = "Tahoma";
//Размер шрифта для диапазона
range1.Cells.Font.Size = 10;

//Захватываем другой диапазон ячеек
Excel.Range range2 = sheet.get_Range(sheet.Cells[1, 1], sheet.Cells[9, 2]);
range2.Cells.Font.Name = "Times New Roman";

//Задаем цвет этого диапазона. Необходимо подключить System.Drawing
range2.Cells.Font.Color = ColorTranslator.ToOle(Color.Green);
//Фоновый цвет
range2.Interior.Color = ColorTranslator.ToOle(Color.FromArgb(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xCC));

Расстановка рамок.

Расставляем рамки со всех сторон:

range2.Borders.get_Item(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom).LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
range2.Borders.get_Item(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight).LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
range2.Borders.get_Item(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideHorizontal).LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
range2.Borders.get_Item(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical).LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
range2.Borders.get_Item(Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop).LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;

Цвет рамки можно установить так:

range2.Borders.Color = ColorTranslator.ToOle(Color.Red);

Выравнивания в диапазоне задаются так:

rangeDate.VerticalAlignment = Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
rangeDate.HorizontalAlignment = Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;

Формулы

Определим задачу: получить сумму диапазона ячеек A4:A10.

Для начала снова получим диапазон ячеек:

Excel.Range formulaRange = sheet.get_Range(sheet.Cells[4, 1], sheet.Cells[9, 1]);

Далее получим диапазон вида A4:A10 по адресу ячейки ( [4,1]; [9;1] ) описанному выше:

string adder = formulaRange.get_Address(1, 1, Excel.XlReferenceStyle.xlA1, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

Теперь в переменной adder у нас хранится строковое значение диапазона ( [4,1]; [9;1] ), то есть A4:A10.

Вычисляем формулу:

//Одна ячейка как диапазон
Excel.Range r = sheet.Cells[10, 1] as Excel.Range;
//Оформления
r.Font.Name = "Times New Roman";
r.Font.Bold = true;
r.Font.Color = ColorTranslator.ToOle(Color.Blue);
//Задаем формулу суммы
r.Formula = String.Format("=СУММ({0}", adder);

Выделение ячейки или диапазона ячеек

Так же можно выделить ячейку или диапазон, как если бы мы выделили их мышкой:

sheet.get_Range("J3", "J8").Activate();
//или
sheet.get_Range("J3", "J8").Select();
//Можно вписать одну и ту же ячейку, тогда будет выделена одна ячейка.
sheet.get_Range("J3", "J3").Activate();
sheet.get_Range("J3", "J3").Select();

Авто ширина и авто высота

Чтобы настроить авто ширину и высоту для диапазона, используем такие команды:

range.EntireColumn.AutoFit(); 
range.EntireRow.AutoFit();

Получаем значения из ячеек

Чтобы получить значение из ячейки, используем такой код:

//Получение одной ячейки как ранга
Excel.Range forYach = sheet.Cells[ob + 1, 1] as Excel.Range;
//Получаем значение из ячейки и преобразуем в строку
string yach = forYach.Value2.ToString();

Добавляем лист в рабочую книгу

Чтобы добавить лист и дать ему заголовок, используем следующее:

var sh = workBook.Sheets;
Excel.Worksheet sheetPivot = (Excel.Worksheet)sh.Add(Type.Missing, sh[1], Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
sheetPivot.Name = "Сводная таблица";

Добавление разрыва страницы

//Ячейка, с которой будет разрыв
Excel.Range razr = sheet.Cells[n, m] as Excel.Range;
//Добавить горизонтальный разрыв (sheet - текущий лист)
sheet.HPageBreaks.Add(razr); 
//VPageBreaks - Добавить вертикальный разрыв

Сохраняем документ

ex.Application.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs("doc.xlsx", Type.Missing,
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange,
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

Как открыть существующий документ Excel

ex.Workbooks.Open(@"C:UsersMyuserDocumentsExcel.xlsx",
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
  Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

Комментарии

При работе с Excel с помощью C# большую помощь может оказать редактор Visual Basic, встроенный в Excel.

Для этого в настройках ленты надо добавить пункт «Разработчик». Далее начинаем запись макроса, производим действия и останавливаем запись.

Далее заходим в редактор Visual Basic и смотрим код, который туда записался:

Например:

Sub Макрос1()
'
' Макрос1 Макрос
'

'
    Range("E88").Select
    ActiveSheet.ListObjects.Add(xlSrcRange, Range("$A$1:$F$118"), , xlYes).Name = _
        "Таблица1"
    Range("A1:F118").Select
    ActiveSheet.ListObjects("Таблица1").TableStyle = "TableStyleLight9"
    Range("E18").Select
    ActiveWindow.SmallScroll Down:=84
End Sub

В данном макросе записаны все действия, которые мы выполнили во время его записи. Эти методы и свойства можно использовать в C# коде.

Данный метод так же может оказать помощь в формировании относительных формул, например, выполнить сложение чисел, находящиеся слева от текущей ячейки на 4 столбца, и т.п. Пример:

//Складываем значения предыдущих 12 ячеек слева
rang.Formula = "=СУММ(RC[-12]:RC[-1])";

Так же во время работы может возникнуть ошибка: метод завершен неверно. Это может означать, что не выбран лист, с которым идет работа.

Чтобы выбрать лист, выполните sheetData.Select(Type.Missing); где sheetData это нужный лист.

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