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Range object (Excel)

Represents a cell, a row, a column, a selection of cells containing one or more contiguous blocks of cells, or a 3D range.

The default member of Range forwards calls without parameters to the Value property and calls with parameters to the Item member. Accordingly, someRange = someOtherRange is equivalent to someRange.Value = someOtherRange.Value , someRange(1) to someRange.Item(1) and someRange(1,1) to someRange.Item(1,1) .

The following properties and methods for returning a Range object are described in the Example section:

• Range and Cells properties of the Worksheet object
• Range and Cells properties of the Range object
• Rows and Columns properties of the Worksheet object
• Rows and Columns properties of the Range object
• Offset property of the Range object
• Union method of the Application object

Use Range (arg), where arg names the range, to return a Range object that represents a single cell or a range of cells. The following example places the value of cell A1 in cell A5.

The following example fills the range A1:H8 with random numbers by setting the formula for each cell in the range. When it’s used without an object qualifier (an object to the left of the period), the Range property returns a range on the active sheet. If the active sheet isn’t a worksheet, the method fails.

Use the Activate method of the Worksheet object to activate a worksheet before you use the Range property without an explicit object qualifier.

The following example clears the contents of the range named Criteria.

[!NOTE] If you use a text argument for the range address, you must specify the address in A1-style notation (you cannot use R1C1-style notation).

Use Cells on a worksheet to obtain a range consisting all single cells on the worksheet. You can access single cells via Item(row, column), where row is the row index and column is the column index. Item can be omitted since the call is forwarded to it by the default member of Range. The following example sets the value of cell A1 to 24 and of cell B1 to 42 on the first sheet of the active workbook.

The following example sets the formula for cell A2.

Although you can also use Range(«A1») to return cell A1, there may be times when the Cells property is more convenient because you can use a variable for the row or column. The following example creates column and row headings on Sheet1. Be aware that after the worksheet has been activated, the Cells property can be used without an explicit sheet declaration (it returns a cell on the active sheet).

[!NOTE] Although you could use Visual Basic string functions to alter A1-style references, it is easier (and better programming practice) to use the Cells(1, 1) notation.

Use_expression_.Cells, where expression is an expression that returns a Range object, to obtain a range with the same address consisting of single cells. On such a range, you access single cells via Item(row, column), where are relative to the upper-left corner of the first area of the range. Item can be omitted since the call is forwarded to it by the default member of Range. The following example sets the formula for cell C5 and D5 of the first sheet of the active workbook.

Use Range (cell1, cell2), where cell1 and cell2 are Range objects that specify the start and end cells, to return a Range object. The following example sets the border line style for cells A1:J10.

[!NOTE] Be aware that the period in front of each occurrence of the Cells property is required if the result of the preceding With statement is to be applied to the Cells property. In this case, it indicates that the cells are on worksheet one (without the period, the Cells property would return cells on the active sheet).

Use Rows on a worksheet to obtain a range consisting all rows on the worksheet. You can access single rows via Item(row), where row is the row index. Item can be omitted since the call is forwarded to it by the default member of Range.

[!NOTE] It’s not legal to provide the second parameter of Item for ranges consisting of rows. You first have to convert it to single cells via Cells.

The following example deletes row 5 and 10 of the first sheet of the active workbook.

Use Columns on a worksheet to obtain a range consisting all columns on the worksheet. You can access single columns via Item(row) [sic], where row is the column index given as a number or as an A1-style column address. Item can be omitted since the call is forwarded to it by the default member of Range.

[!NOTE] It’s not legal to provide the second parameter of Item for ranges consisting of columns. You first have to convert it to single cells via Cells.

The following example deletes column «B», «C», «E», and «J» of the first sheet of the active workbook.

Use_expression_.Rows, where expression is an expression that returns a Range object, to obtain a range consisting of the rows in the first area of the range. You can access single rows via Item(row), where row is the relative row index from the top of the first area of the range. Item can be omitted since the call is forwarded to it by the default member of Range.

[!NOTE] It’s not legal to provide the second parameter of Item for ranges consisting of rows. You first have to convert it to single cells via Cells.

The following example deletes the ranges C8:D8 and C6:D6 of the first sheet of the active workbook.

Use_expression_.Columns, where expression is an expression that returns a Range object, to obtain a range consisting of the columns in the first area of the range. You can access single columns via Item(row) [sic], where row is the relative column index from the left of the first area of the range given as a number or as an A1-style column address. Item can be omitted since the call is forwarded to it by the default member of Range.

[!NOTE] It’s not legal to provide the second parameter of Item for ranges consisting of columns. You first have to convert it to single cells via Cells.

The following example deletes the ranges L2:L10, G2:G10, F2:F10 and D2:D10 of the first sheet of the active workbook.

Use Offset (row, column), where row and column are the row and column offsets, to return a range at a specified offset to another range. The following example selects the cell three rows down from and one column to the right of the cell in the upper-left corner of the current selection. You cannot select a cell that is not on the active sheet, so you must first activate the worksheet.

Use Union (range1, range2, . ) to return multiple-area ranges—that is, ranges composed of two or more contiguous blocks of cells. The following example creates an object defined as the union of ranges A1:B2 and C3:D4, and then selects the defined range.

If you work with selections that contain more than one area, the Areas property is useful. It divides a multiple-area selection into individual Range objects and then returns the objects as a collection. Use the Count property on the returned collection to verify a selection that contains more than one area, as shown in the following example.

This example uses the AdvancedFilter method of the Range object to create a list of the unique values, and the number of times those unique values occur, in the range of column A.

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MergeCells, MergeArea in VBA

Gates Is Antichrist

Well-known Member

Excel Facts

Greg Truby

MrExcel MVP

Gates Is Antichrist

Well-known Member

First, get that hyphen out so I can paste your location to Google Maps! No, first, get that toon back in black and white. You’re so hung up on color! It works, it cooks in B&W! (J/K to the n)

Yes, I’m here to punish you with detailed questions in payment for your generosity. No kidding this time

Now, your code looks fine but I confess I don’t understand why the union is done, or how the intersect works. I’m perplexed that a «merger of A1, B1, C1» intersects with cell IV65000 . What must I be smoking to see it that way?

Finally, does the .Select light up the MergeArea? (It would seem that rngCell.MergeArea — specifically speaking, any general range — could have more than one merged area; maybe Selection triggers the Boolean property and sets this range?)

Greg Truby

MrExcel MVP

Ain’t a hyphen, it’s a minus sign. But fer some reason it always breaks such that it looks like a hyphen.

Hope you’ll understand if I tell you that it’s just a tad difficult to take avatar advice from a chap flying a belipsticked ewe.

rngChecked is the range where I’m tracking which merged areas have already been checked. Really I should start it out as nothing. But if I do that, then my first call to the UNION() function is gonna bellyache and burp up an error. I really should then code around this either using an IF/THEN to check up front or an ON ERROR to catch & handle. But I just took the lazy way out and set rngChecked to a range that would not normally ever get used — IV65000.

As we loop through the various cells, if we hit a cell that’s merged, check to see if we already looked at any cells in the MergeArea (you were doing the same thing by trying to isolate just the top-left cells of each MergeArea,) like I said, I just took a different approach to skinnin’ the same cat.

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How to find if a cell is merged and read the value?

How do I detect if a cell is merged?

If the cell is merged how do I read the value?

6 Answers 6

I don’t think there’s any formula to tell you if a cell is merged or not. You can write your own public vba function, put it in a code Module, and then use that on your sheet:

Then as an Excel formula to test cell A1 :

Here’s how to read the cell’s value in VBA, regardless if it is merged or not.

where C is the cell you want to look at. The way this works is that the MergeArea is either exactly the same as the cell itself if the cell is not merged; otherwise the MergeArea is the range of cells that have been merged. And when the cells are merged, the value is kept in the topleftmost cell.

Hurray! Figured out a way to check whether a cell is merged and return that cell’s value:

A common need is to target only the first cell in a merged range. This code does that.

The If statement result is only true for the first cell; merged or not.

The following code is answering to both questions

Using Excel, I have written a little SUDOKU sheet and I use a VBA macro to test if a range of cells has been merged or not.

In following example (above image), I use following code to detect empty Sudoku cells and try to resolve unfound digit.

If a cell (Excel 3×3 range) is merged it contains a found digit.

Excel code to merge a range of cells is following

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Analyst Cave

Simply the best place to learn Excel and Analytics

Home » Excel VBA Range Tutorial

Excel VBA Range Tutorial

The VBA Range Object

The Excel Range Object is an object in Excel VBA that represents a cell, row, column, a selection of cells or a 3 dimensional range. The Excel Range is also a Worksheet property that returns a subset of its cells.

Worksheet Range

The Range is a Worksheet property which allows you to select any subset of cells, rows, columns etc.

Select a cell or Range of cells using the Select method. It will be visibly marked in Excel:

Working with Range variables

The Range is a separate object variable and can be declared as other variables. As the VBA Range is an object you need to use the Set statement:

The Range object defaults to your ActiveWorksheet. So beware as depending on your ActiveWorksheet the Range object will return values local to your worksheet:

You might want to define the Worksheet reference by Range if you want your reference values from a specifc Worksheet:

Range properties

The Range object contains a variety of properties with the main one being it’s Value and an the second one being its Formula.

A Range Value is the evaluated property of a cell or a range of cells. For example a cell with the formula =10+20 has an evaluated value of 20 .
A Range Formula is the formula provided in the cell or range of cells. For example a cell with a formula of =10+20 will have the same Formula property.

Other Range properties include:
Work in progress

Worksheet Cells

A Worksheet Cells property is similar to the Range property but allows you to obtain only a SINGLE CELL, based on its row and column index. Numbering starts at 1:

The Cells property is in fact a Range object not a separate data type.
Excel facilitates a Cells function that allows you to obtain a cell from within the ActiveSheet, current top-most worksheet.

Cells are Ranges which means they are not a separate data type:

Range Rows and Columns

As we all know an Excel Worksheet is divided into Rows and Columns. The Excel VBA Range object allows you to select single or multiple rows as well as single or multiple columns. There are a couple of ways to obtain Worksheet rows in VBA:

Getting an entire row or column

To get and entire row of a specified Range you need to use the EntireRow property. Although, the function’s parameters suggest taking both a RowIndex and ColumnIndex it is enough just to provide the row number. Row indexing starts at 1.
To get and entire column of a specified Range you need to use the EntireColumn property. Although, the function’s parameters suggest taking both a RowIndex and ColumnIndex it is enough just to provide the column number. Column indexing starts at 1.

Get a row/column of a specified range

If you want to get a certain row within a Range simply use the Rows property of the Worksheet. Although, the function’s parameters suggest taking both a RowIndex and ColumnIndex it is enough just to provide the row number. Row indexing starts at 1.
Similarly you can use the Columns function to obtain any single column within a Range. Although, the function’s parameters suggest taking both a RowIndex and ColumnIndex actually the first argument you provide will be the column index. Column indexing starts at 1.

To get a range of rows/columns you need to use the Range function like so:

Get row/column of specified range

The above approach assumed you want to obtain only rows/columns from the ActiveSheet – the visible and top-most Worksheet. Usually however, you will want to obtain rows or columns of an existing Range. Similarly as with the Worksheet Range property, any Range facilitates the Rows and Columns property.

Getting a Ranges first row/column number

Aside from the Rows and Columns properties Ranges also facilitate a Row and Column property which provide you with the number of the Ranges first row and column.

Converting Column number to Excel Column

This is an often question that turns up – how to convert a column number to a string e.g. 100 to “CV”.

Range Cut/Copy/Paste

Cutting and pasting rows is generally a bad practice which I heavily discourage as this is a practice that is moments can be heavily cpu-intensive and often is unaccounted for.

Copy function

The Copy function works on a single cell, subset of cell or subset of rows/columns.

The Copy function can also be executed without an argument. It then copies the Range to the Windows Clipboard for later Pasting.

Cut function

The Cut function, similarly as the Copy function, cuts single cells, ranges of cells or rows/columns.

The Cut function can be executed without arguments. It will then cut the contents of the Range and copy it to the Windows Clipboard for pasting.

PasteSpecial function

The Range PasteSpecial function works only when preceded with either the Copy or Cut Range functions. It pastes the Range (or other data) within the Clipboard to the Range on which it was executed.

Syntax

The PasteSpecial function has the following syntax:

Parameters

Paste
The part of the Range which is to be pasted. This parameter can have the following values:

Parameter	Constant	Description
xlPasteSpecialOperationAdd	2	Copied data will be added with the value in the destination cell.
xlPasteSpecialOperationDivide	5	Copied data will be divided with the value in the destination cell.
xlPasteSpecialOperationMultiply	4	Copied data will be multiplied with the value in the destination cell.
xlPasteSpecialOperationNone	-4142	No calculation will be done in the paste operation.
xlPasteSpecialOperationSubtract	3	Copied data will be subtracted with the value in the destination cell.

Operation
The paste operation e.g. paste all, only formatting, only values, etc. This can have one of the following values:

Name	Constant	Description
xlPasteAll	-4104	Everything will be pasted.
xlPasteAllExceptBorders	7	Everything except borders will be pasted.
xlPasteAllMergingConditionalFormats	14	Everything will be pasted and conditional formats will be merged.
xlPasteAllUsingSourceTheme	13	Everything will be pasted using the source theme.
xlPasteColumnWidths	8	Copied column width is pasted.
xlPasteComments	-4144	Comments are pasted.
xlPasteFormats	-4122	Copied source format is pasted.
xlPasteFormulas	-4123	Formulas are pasted.
xlPasteFormulasAndNumberFormats	11	Formulas and Number formats are pasted.
xlPasteValidation	6	Validations are pasted.
xlPasteValues	-4163	Values are pasted.
xlPasteValuesAndNumberFormats	12	Values and Number formats are pasted.

SkipBlanks
If True then blanks will not be pasted.

Transpose
Transpose the Range before paste (swap rows with columns).

PasteSpecial Examples

Below an example where the Excel Range A1:C3 values are copied an added to the E1:G3 Range. You can also multiply, divide and run other similar operations.

Paste

The Paste function allows you to paste data in the Clipboard to the actively selected Range. Cutting and Pasting can only be accomplished with the Paste function.

Range Clear/Delete

The Clear function

The Clear function clears the entire content and formatting from an Excel Range. It does not, however, shift (delete) the cleared cells.

The Delete function

The Delete function deletes a Range of cells, removing them entirely from the Worksheet, and shifts the remaining Cells in a selected shift direction.
Although the manual Delete cell function provides 4 ways of shifting cells. The VBA Delete Shift values can only be either be xlShiftToLeft or xlShiftUp.

Traversing Ranges

Traversing cells is really useful when you want to run an operation on each cell within an Excel Range. Fortunately this is easily achieved in VBA using the For Each or For loops.

Traversing the UsedRange

Every Worksheet has a UsedRange . This represents that smallest rectangle Range that contains all cells that have or had at some point values. In other words if the further out in the bottom, right-corner of the Worksheet there is a certain cell (e.g. E8) then the UsedRange will be as large as to include that cell starting at cell A1 (e.g. A1:E8). In Excel you can check the current UsedRange hitting CTRL + END . In VBA you get the UsedRange like this:

You can traverse through the UsedRange like this:

Range Addresses

The Excel Range Address property provides a string value representing the Address of the Range.

Syntax

Below the syntax of the Excel Range Address property:

Parameters

RowAbsolute
Optional. If True returns the row part of the reference address as an absolute reference. By default this is True.

ColumnAbsolute
Optional. If True returns the column part of the reference as an absolute reference. By default this is True.

ReferenceStyle
Optional. The reference style. The default value is xlA1. Possible values:

Constant	Value	Description
xlA1	1	Default. Use xlA1 to return an A1-style reference
xlR1C1	-4150	Use xlR1C1 to return an R1C1-style reference

External
Optional. If True then property will return an external reference address, otherwise a local reference address will be returned. By default this is False.

RelativeTo
Provided RowAbsolute and ColumnAbsolute are set to False, and the ReferenceStyle is set to xlR1C1, then you must include a starting point for the relative reference. This must be a Range variable to be set as the reference point.

Merged Ranges

Merged cells are Ranges that consist of 2 or more adjacent cells. To Merge a collection of adjacent cells run Merge function on that Range.

The Merge has only a single parameter – Across, a boolean which if True will merge cells in each row of the specified range as separate merged cells. Otherwise the whole Range will be merged. The default value is False.

Merge examples

To merge the entire Range:

This will result in the following:

To merge just the rows set Across to True.

This will result in the following:

Checking if Range is merged

To check if a certain Range is merged simply use the Excel Range MergeCells property:

The MergeArea

The MergeArea is a property of an Excel Range that represent the whole merge Range associated with the current Range. Say that $B$2:$C$3 is a merged Range – each cell within that Range (e.g. B2, C3..) will have the exact same MergedArea. See example below:

Named Ranges

Named Ranges are Ranges associated with a certain Name (string). In Excel you can find all your Named Ranges by going to Formulas -> Name Manager . They are very useful when working on certain values that are used frequently through out your Workbook. Imagine that you are writing a Financial Analysis and want to use a common Discount Rate across all formulas. Just the address of the cell e.g. “A2”, won’t be self-explanatory. Why not use e.g. “DiscountRate” instead? Well you can do just that.

Creating a Named Range

Named Ranges can be created either within the scope of a Workbook or Worksheet:

This gives you flexibility to use similar names across multiple Worksheets or use a single global name across the entire Workbook.

Listing all Named Ranges

You can list all Named Ranges using the Name Excel data type. Names are objects that represent a single NamedRange. See an example below of listing our two newly created NamedRanges:

SpecialCells

SpecialCells are a very useful Excel Range property, that allows you to select a subset of cells/Ranges within a certain Range.

Syntax

The SpecialCells property has the following syntax:

Parameters

Type
The type of cells to be returned. Possible values:

Constant	Value	Description
xlCellTypeAllFormatConditions	-4172	Cells of any format
xlCellTypeAllValidation	-4174	Cells having validation criteria
xlCellTypeBlanks	4	Empty cells
xlCellTypeComments	Cells containing notes
xlCellTypeConstants	2	Cells containing constants
xlCellTypeFormulas	-4123	Cells containing formulas
xlCellTypeLastCell	11	The last cell in the used range
xlCellTypeSameFormatConditions	-4173	Cells having the same format
xlCellTypeSameValidation	-4175	Cells having the same validation criteria
xlCellTypeVisible	12	All visible cells

Value
If Type is equal to xlCellTypeConstants or xlCellTypeFormulas this determines the types of cells to return e.g. with errors.

Constant	Value
xlErrors	16
xlLogical	4
xlNumbers	1
xlTextValues	2

SpecialCells examples

Get Excel Range with Constants

This will return only cells with constant cells within the Range C1:C3 :

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