Memo checklist the word memo is short for memorandum - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

We use indefinite article a / an	We don’t use indefinite article a / an

with singular countable nouns	with uncountable nouns or plural
when we first describe something, or	countable nouns. We use some instead of
make a general statement about	a / an.
something not known or without any	Can you give me some information?
details. Use an when the word following	We have bought some flowers.
begins with a vowel.
I’m going for an interview at Siemens
next week.

to describe one of a class of things	before an adjective if it’s not
or people.	followed by a noun.
Paula is an Italian. She is a lawyer.	This ring is expensive.
	But: it is an expensive ring.

before Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. When we
refer to an unknown person.
A Mrs. Jones called you that morning.

to mean one.
I get over a hundred emails every day.

to show: a) price in relation to
weight, b) distance in relation to speed, c)
frequency.
We charge ₤200 an hour.

Practice

Exercise 1

Match each word with the right explanation and write sentences with ‘a / an’.

Queue	list of current prices
Office	commercial business
Company	line of people
Price list	room
Manager	piece of metal used as money
Coin	person in charge of the activities

Exercise 2

Fill the gaps with ‘a / an’ or ‘some’ where necessary.

1.We had … delicious food last night.

2.We had … delicious meal last night.

3.There is … beautiful furniture in that shop.

4.There is … beautiful chair in that shop.

5.I can’t do this job alone. I need … assistant.

6.I can’t do this job alone. I need … help.

7.She has got … important job to do.

8.She has got … important work to do.

9.They booked … room in advance.

10.They booked … accommodation in advance.

11.He found … coin on the ground.

12.He found … money on the ground.

Exercise 3

Complete each sentence with ‘a / an’ or ‘some’.

1.My shirt is dry now, but I need … iron to press it with.

2.Sorry I didn’t come to the party. I had to finish … work.

3.I’d like to drink … glass of orange juice.

4.Could you buy me … paper on your way home? I want to read the sports news.

5.I need … advice about which subjects to do next year.

6.Excuse me, could you give me … information about the trains to Rome?

The Definite Article the

	We use the:			We don’t use the:

with nouns when the noun is	with uncountable nouns and plural
mentioned for the second time or already	countable nouns when talking about
known.				something in general.
We need a meeting. The meeting should	Invoices must be paid within 30 days.
cover the questions of cost and timing.

with nouns which are unique.	with proper names and names of
the sun, the Eiffel Tower		most companies.
				Microsoft and Google dominate the
				online search business.

with the names of cinemas (the Rex),	with the names of sports, games,
hotels (the Plaza), theatres (the Globe),	activities, days, months, meals, drinks,
museums	(the	British	Museum),	colours, celebrations and languages (when
newspapers / magazines (the Times),	they are not followed by the word
ships (the Mary Rose), organizations (the	‘language’).
EU), galleries (the Tate Gallery).	He often plays chess. I speak German.
				But: The German language is difficult to
				learn.

with the geographical names of rivers	with	the	names	of continents
(the Nile), seas (the Caspian Sea), groups	(Africa), countries (Italy but: the
of islands (the Canary Islands), mountain	Netherlands, the Lebanon, the Sudan),
ranges (the Alps), deserts (the Sahara	cities (London), streets (Oxford Street),
Desert), oceans (the Atlantic), canals (the	squares (Trafalgar Square), parks (Hyde
Panama Canal), countries when they	Park), railway stations (Victoria Station),
include words such as state, Kingdom,	mountains (Ben Nevis), individual islands
republic (the United Kingdom).		(Tahiti), lakes (Lake Geneva).

with the names of musical	with	the	words	‘church’, ‘bed’,
instruments and dances.		‘school’, ‘college’, ‘university’, ‘prison’,
the piano, the tango			‘hospital’, ‘court’ when we refer to the
				purpose for which they exist.
				She went to school. (She is a student)
				But: Her father went to the school to see

				her teacher yesterday. (He went to the
				school as a visitor)

with the names of families (the	with the word ‘work’ (place of
Taylors) and nationalities ending in –sh, —	work).
ch or –ese (the French).		He is at work.

with titles (the King, the President).	with by + means of transport.
But: The is omitted before titles with	She travelled by bus.
proper names (Queen Victoria).

with adjectives / adverbs in the
superlative form.
He is the most respected man in the firm.

with	the	words	‘morning’,
‘afternoon’, ‘evening’,’ night’.
We have dinner in the evening.
But: at night, at noon, at midnight, by day
/ night.

with historical periods and events.
the Middle Ages, the Crimean War

with the words ‘only’, ‘first’, ‘last’
(used as adjectives).
He was the first person to arrive.

Practice

Exercise 1

Each pair has one right and one wrong sentence. Tick the right sentence.

1.a) The shares in my portfolio have performed well over the last year.

b)The shares can be a risky investment.

2.a) Profits we made last quarter were up by 4% on the quarter before.

b)Profits are increasing in all of our major markets.

3.a) Don’t worry about him – the people can be very strange sometimes.

b)I really like the people in my office – we all get along very well.

4.a) I’m a vegetarian. I don’t eat meat.

b)Meat I had at lunchtime was delicious.

5.a) The management has offered the workers a 3% pay rise.

b)The management is an art, not a science.

Exercise 2

Underline the correct words.

1.There’s a / the man waiting for you in a / the reception area.

2.A / The man we met yesterday has sent us an / the email asking about our service.

3.It was a / the good meeting, but I had to leave early. What happened at an / the end?

4.I had a / the great holiday. A / The weather was perfect.

5.A / The Customer Services department receives over 100 calls a / the day.

6.Can I give you a / the lift to a / the airport?

7.Tom is an / the accountant. He works on a / the fourth floor.

8.A / The presentation you gave yesterday was a / the great success.

9.We’re thinking of buying a / the new photocopier for a / the whole department.

10.Where is a / the report we were looking at? It was on my desk an / the hour ago.

11.A / The research we do in our labs is a / the very important factor in our success.

Exercise 3

Complete the texts with ‘a / an’ or ‘the’.

Memo checklist

a)The word memo is short for memorandum and it means b) … note to help as c)

…reminder. It is only used within d) … business and so there is no need for e) … full external address of f) … person you are sending it to. However, you might need to show g) … internal office address, e.g. room number and building.

There are usually just spaces for h) … names of the person sending and the person receiving i) … memo. However, copies might be sent to other people in j) … company for reference. The subject is clear from k) … heading and l) … text is brief. There is no formal signature. Sometimes m) … originator will sign their name freehand at n) … bottom.

Business letter checklist

o) … language used in p) … business letter tends to be formal e.g. ‘We regret to inform you …’

q)… letterhead includes r) … full address and telephone number of s) … business.

t)… address of u) … recipient is also included in full on v) … left-hand side above w)

… text.

Everything is left justified (starts at x) … left-hand edge) except y) … letterhead. Letters starting ‘Dear Sir’ end in ‘Yours faithfully’. If you start with z) … name of the person you are writing to, for example ‘Dear Mr Brown’, you end 1) … letter with ‘Yours sincerely’. 2) … date and any reference number are shown at 3) … top of 4) … letter.

Exercise 4

Fill in the gaps with one of the words from the list adding ‘the’ where necessary. Use each word twice.

prison, school, bed, hospital

1.I usually go to … at about 11 pm to get a good night’s sleep.

2.The cat is sitting on ….

3.The Prime Minister visited … yesterday and talked to the prisoners.

4.The man who robbed the bank is in … now.

5.The ambulance took the injured people to ….

6.I must go to … to visit my aunt. She’s had an operation.

7.We saw the children in their classrooms as we walked past ….

8.I want to go to university when I leave ….

Exercise 5

Correct the mistakes.

1.We went to Munich by the car.

2.The criminal was sentenced to ten years in the prison.

3.There is a great film on the TV tonight.

4.Jason is at the work. He will be back at 5 o’clock.

5.A lot of children learn the English nowadays.

6.Simon was last person to visit us.

7.A tallest man in world was born in USA in 1918.

8.I usually buy Times.

9.Queen is going to open a new hospital.

10.In Stone Age people lived in caves.

Exercise 6

Complete the text by writing’ the’ or no article.

Oil and tourism in the Strait of Hormuz

About 25% of the world’s oil production passes through a narrow channel of water off the coast of … Iran called … Strait of Hormuz. It is the entrance to … Indian Ocean for oil tankers coming from countries such as … Iraq and … United Arab

Emirates. Near the coast is an interesting island called … Kish. The Iranian government is developing it as a luxury tourist destination, with a 7-star hotel to rival

… Burj al-Arab Hotel in Dubai. Project managers are … Drees & Sommer AG, a

German company.

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Источник

A memorandum or shortly known as a memo is a precise official note, used to inform, direct or advise the members within the same organisation. However, the business deals with a number of external parties such as customers, clients, suppliers, government agencies, manufacturers, societies, etc. for which a different tool of communication is used, called as a business letter. A letter refers to a brief message sent by the company to the person or entity, which are outsiders.

Large corporations require an effective system for communication of information and messages, promptly, within and outside the organisation. In this context, the telephone is one of the easiest and convenient ways for instant communication, but when it comes to evidence, written modes are considered best. Written records include memos, notes, letters, circulars and orders, which are used by the organisation.

The article presented to you attempts to shed light on the difference between memo and letter.

Content: Memo Vs Letter

Comparison Chart
Definition
Key Differences
Conclusion

Comparison Chart

Basis for Comparison	Memo	Letter
Meaning	Memo refers to a short message, written in an informal tone for interoffice circulation of the information.	Letter are a type of verbal communication, that contains a compressed message, conveyed to the party external to the business.
Nature	Informal and Concise	Formal and informative
Exchanged between	Departments, units or superior-subordinate within the organization.	Two business houses or between the company and client.
Length	Short	Comparatively long
Signature	Signature is not required in a memo.	A letter is duly signed by the sender.
Communication	One to many	One to one
Content	Use of technical jargon and personal pronoun is allowed.	Simple words are used and written in third person.

Definition of Memo

The memo is short for the memorandum, which means a note or record for any use in future. It is a short message used as a means of informal communication within the organisation, for transmitting information in writing. It may be titled as interoffice communication, office memorandum, or interoffice correspondence, rather than a memorandum.

The primary objective of memos is to disseminate business policies, procedures or related official business. These are written in one to all perspective and can serve different purposes like conveying news, directions and information to multiple recipients, calling people to action or meeting.

One can use an informal tone and personal pronouns in the memo. There is no requirement to use a salutation and complimentary close.

Definition of Letter

A business letter can be defined as the form of written communication, that contains a long message, addressed to the party external to the organisation, i.e. supplier, customer, manufacturer or client. It starts with a salutation, written professionally in the third person and has a complementary close with a signature.

The relationship between the sender and receiver plays a significant role in determining, the overall style in which the letter is drafted. These are used for a number of reasons such as a request for information or feedback, order placement, making complaints or grievances, enquiring something or taking follow-up.

The letter is printed, typed or written on the letterhead paper, which contains the details of the company like name, address, logo, etc. As business letters serve as evidence for both the parties concerned, so it needs to be polite, courteous and respectful to gain immediate response.

The points presented below explain the difference between memo and letter:

The memo can be defined as a short message, written informally to communicate certain information to the members of the organisation. Conversely, letters can be understood as a means of a verbal communication containing a brief message addressed to a party external to the business.
A memo uses informal tone and is straight to the point. On the other extreme, letters are very formal and contain lots of information.
The use of memorandum is internal to the organisation, in the sense that it is exchanged between two departments, or units or sent by the manager to inform subordinates. As against, the use of letter is external in nature, as it is exchanged between two business houses or between the company and client.
When it comes to length, letters are lengthier in comparison to the memo.
There is no requirement of a signature in the memo, as it is used within the organisation. However, the letter is to be duly signed by the one who sends it.
Memos are written to inform or direct, a department or number of employees on a certain matter and so it is usually written from one to all perspective, such as mass communication. Contrary to this, letters are private as it addresses to a particular party or client, so it is a form of one to one interpersonal communication.
Technical jargons are commonly used in memos, as well as uses personal pronouns. Unlike, letters avoid the use of technical jargons and terms which are not easy to comprehend. Moreover, letters are written in the third person.

Conclusion

A memo is an essential tool for business communication, which is used to transmit a particular information to many individuals working in the same organisation. It has a great role to play in recording the day to day business activities and can be used for future reference.

In contrast, letters are considered as the best mode of written communication, that can be used for giving or seeking information to/from an external party. It helps to persuade the receiver, to do as per the will of the writer.

Источник

A memo is a short piece of text, whose main function is to record important information. The term memo is short for the slightly longer term memorandum, a word of Latin origin which in its initial full form — memorandum est — means ‘it is to be remembered’, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. A memo is used as an official note inside an organisation or a company.
In terms of the language use of the term, the short version memo works in most situations except for very formal contexts, where the longer term memorandum is preferred. There are different variants of the plural form, with memos for the short term and memoranda or memorandums for the full term being the predominant ones. (The Swedish corresponding term for memo is PM, which is short for promemoria, from Latin pro memoria ‘for memory’.)
Traditionally, a memo consists of an initial part called the header, indicating who the sender and the intended receiver is, the date, and a subject line. Then, there is a second part called the message, where the actual information of the memo is provided. This part can vary greatly in style, length and detail, depending on the purpose of the memo. Finally, there may be some sort of closing, but in some cases this is excluded, as is salutations.
In terms of formality, memos are not as formal as letters. Memos vary in format and the way they are sent. Some organisations use standard, printed forms. It should also be noted that it is very common nowadays for memos to be sent in the form of ordinary e-mails. In those cases, the initial section with sender, receiver, date and subject line is integral to the e-mail format.
Click on the links below to see examples of simple memos.

Источник

A memo is actually short for Memorandum. It is one of the most used means of official communication in the business world. Its main purpose is to serve as a reminder or to give some instructions. Again these like circulars are a means of mass communication, i.e. to communicate with a large number of people within the organization.

A memo (or memorandum, meaning “reminder”) is normally used for communicating policies, procedures, or related official business within an organization. It is often written from a one-to-all perspective (like mass communication), broadcasting a message to an audience, rather than a one-on-one, interpersonal communication. It may also be used to update a team on activities for a given project, or to inform a specific group within a company of an event, action, or observance.

Memo Purpose

A memo’s purpose is often to inform, but it occasionally includes an element of persuasion or a call to action. All organizations have informal and formal communication networks. The unofficial, informal communication network within an organization is often called the grapevine, and it is often characterized by rumour, gossip, and innuendo. On the grapevine, one person may hear that someone else is going to be laid off and start passing the news around. Rumours change and transform as they are passed from person to person, and before you know it, the word is that they are shutting down your entire department.

One effective way to address informal, unofficial speculation is to spell out clearly for all employees what is going on with a particular issue. If budget cuts are a concern, then it may be wise to send a memo explaining the changes that are imminent. If a company wants employees to take action, they may also issue a memorandum. For example, on February 13, 2009, upper management at the Panasonic Corporation issued a declaration that all employees should buy at least $1,600 worth of Panasonic products. The company president noted that if everyone supported the company with purchases, it would benefit all (Lewis, 2009).

While memos do not normally include a call to action that requires personal spending, they often represent the business or organization’s interests. They may also include statements that align business and employee interest, and underscore common ground and benefit.

Usually, we write a memo for one of the following five reasons

as a reminder
highlight an event or circumstance
to recount an event
keep an official record of anything
to pass information or instructions

Memos have been a popular way for commuting for over a century now. This is because they have many advantages as seen below:

They are a very cost effective way of mass communication. And their transmission is also very cheap.
Another advantage is its simplicity. They are very simple to write and understand.
Memos tend to be brief and to the point. They also reach a lot of people. So they are very time-saving as well.
They also serve as evidence in case of a dispute

Memo Format

A memo has a header that clearly indicates who sent it and who the intended recipients are. Pay particular attention to the title of the individual(s) in this section. Date and subject lines are also present, followed by a message that contains a declaration, a discussion, and a summary.

In a standard writing format, we might expect to see an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. All these are present in a memo, and each part has a clear purpose. The declaration in the opening uses a declarative sentence to announce the main topic. The discussion elaborates or lists major points associated with the topic, and the conclusion serves as a summary.

STEPS OF WRITING A MEMO.

Heading: After the name and address of the company (which is on the letterhead) we type the word “Memo’ or ‘Memorandum’ at the top of the page in the center.
Recipient: Address the recipients in the correct format, Example -‘ To: All Employees of the Sale Division’
Writer: Write the name of the person writing the memo, Example – ‘From: Mr. ABC, Head of Sales’
Additional Recipients: These are the people who will receive a courtesy copy of the memo. We don’t address the memos to them, but we keep them in the loop.
Date: The date of writing the memos is an important detail that one must include.
Subject Line: This will give the reader a brief idea about the information in the memos. The line must be brief, precise and to the point. Example – Subject: Meeting of all employees of the Sale Division.
The body of a memo: This is where all the information is contained. A formal salutation is not required in a memo. Just relay the necessary information with clarity and precision. The body must not be too long. The ending must restate the issue and end on a positive note.
Proofread: Finally, proofread the memo before sending it.

Example of Memos

1Q: Write a memo to the accounting department asking them to attend training to learn about the new software the company has adopted.

MEMORANDUM

To: All Employees of the Accounting Department

From: Mr. XYZ, Head of Accounts

CC: Ms. ABC, HR Department

Date: 25 October 2018

Subject: Compulsory Training wrt to the New Software

As you are all aware, we have recently adopted new accounting software at the company. The decision was taken to improve our accounting procedure and make it more time and cost efficient. A training seminar will be held on 5th November 2018 at 9 am to familiarize the staff with the new software. This is done to make the transition between the software as easy as possible. All employees of the department are required to attend.

2. MEMORANDUM

To: All Staff

From: Tanya Smith, CEO

Date: July 18, 2018

Subject: NewTech Software Issues

It has come to my attention that many employees are having trouble using our recently acquired New Tech sales management software because it currently creates duplicate client entries. Some of you have stopped using the system altogether. We want this software to help you do your jobs better, not to take up more time. Therefore, it is fine to hold off using it until we resolve the technical issues with New Tech staff.

Memo Example : A General Office Memo

MEMORANDUM

To: All Staff

From: The Manager

Date: May 27, 2010

Subject: Inappropriate use of time on Google Doodle games

Coworkers,

It has come to my attention that many in the office have been spending time on the Google home page microgames. This memo is a reminder to use your work hours for work.

According to a recent article, the estimated daily cost of people collectively playing these games instead of working is over $120 million—which is calculated based on the daily average increased time spent on the Google home page (36 seconds).

If these estimates are applied to our 600 office employees, this results in a nearly $700 weekly loss.

This is a conservative estimate considering the extensive discussions that occur about beating the office’s current high score. The extra cost quickly adds up.

Of course, we don’t want you to view our organization as a place of drudgery and draconian rules. I encourage a fun and competitive environment, and I recognize that we certainly won’t be profitable if you are unhappy or dissatisfied with your jobs. This is just a reminder to be careful with your use of company time.

Thank you,

The Manager

Reference:Wright, Tony. (2010). The Tragic Cost of Google Pac-Man – 4.82 million hours. Retrieved May 26, 2010 from: http://blog.rescuetime.com/2010/05/24/the-tragic-cost-of-google-pac-man-4-82-million-hours/

Memo Example : A Departmental Memo

MEMORANDUM

To: Computer Programming Division

From: Vice President Lumbergh

Date: February 19, 2016

Subject: Attaching cover sheets to TPS reports

This is to remind the division that, starting today, we are now filing all Testing Procedure Specification (TPS) reports with new cover sheets.

The reason for this change is simple. In addition to a new format, the cover sheets provide a summary of the report as well as the updated legal copy. The new cover sheets also include Initech’s new logo.

Though this change may initially seem like a headache and an extra step, it is necessary to include the new cover sheets due to their updated information. Failing to do so will result in a confusing and inaccurate product delivered to our customers.

Please be sure to follow this new procedure.

Best regards,

Vice President Lumbergh

Conclusion

By following these memo examples and addressing your audience in clear, concise language, you’ll be able to effectively communicate with your coworkers in all your correspondence.

Memo to Customers

To: Customers of Chloe’s Cupcakes

From: Dan Lionel, Public Relations Liaison

Date: May 12, 2012

Subject: Publication of Nutrition Facts

Due to extensive customer feedback, we at Chloe’s Cupcakes would like to demonstrate our commitment to making healthy choices by publishing nutrition information for all of our baked goods. Although our stores would not be required by law to provide the nutrition facts of our products, we agree that customers should have access to as much information as they desire before making a purchase.

We are confident that that you, the customer, will feel better about choosing Chloe’s Cupcakes once you are aware of these facts. We are committed to use the best locally grown ingredients in our baked goods, and we freshly prepare all of our desserts each morning. Moreover, we have a line of vegan treats that substitute some of the highest-calorie ingredients in non-vegan goods with healthier options—while still delivering great flavor. For those customers who are looking to splurge, we have an exquisite selection of decadent treats too, including our famous crème brûlée macaroon sundae.

All of our nutrition information will be available online, along with a list of ingredients and possible substitutes for those with dietary restrictions. We will also provide pamphlets in stores with the same information, to be updated periodically. As it is cumbersome to obtain accurate nutritional analyses of handmade food products, we are unable to guarantee access to nutritional information for seasonal flavors and promotional items.

Best,

Dan Lionel

Memo to Boss

To: Joe Campos, VP of Sales

From: Kate Chaplain, Senior Sales Associate

Date: April 5, 2013

Subject: Quarterly Review

Mr. Campos,

I’ve attached my quarterly review report to this email, but I also wanted to quickly discuss the trends I’ve noticed in our sales data over the past few months.

We’ve sold over 10,000 new memberships over the past quarter, which is a 22% increase from Q4 of last year. Our data analysis shows that this upswing corresponds with the creation of company pages on various social media sites, including Facebook and Twitter, which allows more people to connect with us virtually. In fact, over half of our new memberships were purchased from links that were posted on our Facebook and Twitter profiles.

We’ve also had an 82% renewal rate in memberships that were set to expire in Q1. This is 16% higher than our renewal rate in Q4, which suggests that our new program—having sales associates contact members directly about renewing their memberships—is working even better than we had expected.

Unfortunately, we haven’t seen the same rapid growth in the purchase of family memberships. While the number of FMs has increased by 2% over last quarter’s numbers, I believe we can get that number even higher. I’ve listed some suggestions in my report, but I would also like to add it to the agenda for our quarterly review meeting later this week.

Please let me know if you have any questions.

Best,

Kate Chaplain

Senior Sales Associate

Body Rock Fitness

Memo to Coworkers

To: All Staff and Interns

From: Ana Lucily, Executive Assistant to the President

Date: July 15, 2012

Subject: Dishes in the Sink

It has come to our attention that there has been a pile of unwashed dishes that accumulates in the sink by the end of each week. It has gotten so bad that washing one’s hands in the kitchen sink becomes an uncomfortable undertaking. Therefore, we are introducing a new policy that mandates that employees wash their dishes as soon as they are done with them, keeping the sink clear for other uses.

If you do not have the time to wash your lunch container or coffee mug, leave it by your desk until you are ready to wash it. Even two or three dirty plates will encourage every person thereafter to leave their unwashed, food-stained dishes and silverware in the sink. Conversely, studies have shown that when a sink is empty, people are more likely to wash their dishes immediately.

Thank you for your cooperation!

Best,

Ana Lucily

Источник

Memo Writing

— The word “memo” is short for “memorandum.”

— A memo is a short, targeted piece of business writing.

— A memo is, in a sense, a reminder of something to keep in mind especially

something to be done in the future.

— A memo is a brief piece of writing (typically less than a page long)

— Should be thought of as quite different from other forms of writing

— A memo is a targeted piece of communication

— Always addressed to someone in particular — typically some individual or group in

your own organization.

— Different than a blog entry.

— A blog entry is different than a memo

— A blog entry is posted online and anyone can read it.

— Memos are for insides and aim to make some point that is important to both

sender and receiver

— In modern business, many memos take the form of an email

— But not all emails are memos (Ex. “Hey Colin, would you like to attend our

meeting at 2 PM”)

Aims of a Memo

— In modern business, A memo might be used to remind staff to turn off lights when

leaving the office.

— In this course, memos will always be written with a single kind of purpose in

mind, to encourage the reader to take action.

— A memo will always encourage to be something done.

Structure of a Memo

— No universally accepted rules about how to structure a memo.

— It is important that a memo is structured in a way that helps to efficiently

communicate purpose.

— A memo has 2 parts: a header and a body

Header

— A memo’s header is very similar to the header of an email.

— “To” — If the memo is to an individual, provide that person’s name and job title.

(group example “all sales staff”)

Источник