Meaning of the word farmer

Not to be confused with framer.

A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials.[2] The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer might own the farm land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others. In most developed economies, a «farmer» is usually a farm owner (landowner), while employees of the farm are known as farm workers (or farmhands). However, in other older definitions a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of plants, land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish) by labor and attention.

Farmer

Woman at work, Gujarat.jpg

Woman working in a rice field near Junagadh, Gujarat, India, in 2013.
Occupation

Occupation type

 Employment

Activity sectors

 Agriculture
Description

Fields of
employment

 Farm, agribusiness

Related jobs

 Rancher (U.S.), grazier (Australia) or stockman

Over half a billion farmers are smallholders, most of whom are in developing countries, and who economically support almost two billion people.[3][4] Globally, women constitute more than 40% of agricultural employees.[5]

History

Farming dates back as far as the Neolithic, being one of the defining characteristics of that era. By the Bronze Age, the Sumerians had an agriculture specialized labor force by 5000–4000 BCE, and heavily depended on irrigation to grow crops. They relied on three-person teams when harvesting in the spring.[6] The Ancient Egypt farmers farmed and relied and irrigated their water from the Nile.[7]

Animal husbandry, the practice of rearing animals specifically for farming purposes, has existed for thousands of years. Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago. Goats and sheep were domesticated around 8000 BCE in Asia. Swine or pigs were domesticated by 7000 BCE in the Middle East and China. The earliest evidence of horse domestication dates to around 4000 BCE.[8]

Advancements in technology

In the U.S. of the 1930s, one farmer could only produce enough food to feed three other consumers. A modern-day farmer produces enough food to feed well over a hundred people. However, some authors consider this estimate to be flawed, as it does not take into account that farming requires energy and many other resources which have to be provided by additional workers, so that the ratio of people fed to farmers is actually smaller than 100 to 1.[9]

Types

More distinct terms are commonly used to denote farmers who raise specific domesticated animals. For example, those who raise grazing livestock, such as cattle, sheep, goats and horses, are known as ranchers (U.S.), graziers (Australia & UK) or simply stockmen. Sheep, goat and cattle farmers might also be referred to, respectively, as shepherds, goatherds and cowherds. The term dairy farmer is applied to those engaged primarily in milk production, whether from cattle, goats, sheep, or other milk producing animals. A poultry farmer is one who concentrates on raising chickens, turkeys, ducks or geese, for either meat, egg or feather production, or commonly, all three. A person who raises a variety of vegetables for market may be called a truck farmer or market gardener. Dirt farmer is an American colloquial term for a practical farmer, or one who farms his own land.[10]

‘Farming is a public service’ shirt

In developed nations, a farmer (as a profession) is usually defined as someone with an ownership interest in crops or livestock, and who provides land or management in their production. Those who provide only labor are most often called farmhands. Alternatively, growers who manage farmland for an absentee landowner, sharing the harvest (or its profits) are known as sharecroppers or sharefarmers. In the context of agribusiness, a farmer is defined broadly, and thus many individuals not necessarily engaged in full-time farming can nonetheless legally qualify under agricultural policy for various subsidies, incentives, and tax deductions.

Techniques

In the context of developing nations or other pre-industrial cultures, most farmers practice a meager subsistence agriculture—a simple organic-farming system employing crop rotation, seed saving, slash and burn, or other techniques to maximize efficiency while meeting the needs of the household or community. One subsisting in this way may become labelled as a peasant, often associated disparagingly with a «peasant mentality».[11]

In developed nations, however, a person using such techniques on small patches of land might be called a gardener and be considered a hobbyist. Alternatively, one might be driven into such practices by poverty or, ironically—against the background of large-scale agribusiness—might become an organic farmer growing for discerning/faddish consumers in the local food market.

Farming organizations

Meeting of the Eastern Illinois Beekeepers Association, 1914

Farmers are often members of local, regional, or national farmers’ unions or agricultural producers’ organizations and can exert significant political influence. The Grange movement in the United States was effective in advancing farmers’ agendas, especially against railroad and agribusiness interests early in the 20th century. The FNSEA is very politically active in France, especially pertaining to genetically modified food. Agricultural producers, both small and large, are represented globally by the International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP), representing over 600 million farmers through 120 national farmers’ unions in 79 countries.[12]

Youth farming organizations

There are many organizations that are targeted at teaching young people how to farm and advancing the knowledge and benefits of sustainable agriculture.

  • 4-H was started in 1902 and is a U.S.-based network that has approximately 6.5 million members, ages 5 to 21 years old, and is administered by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
  • The National FFA Organization (formerly known as Future Farmers of America) was founded in 1925 and is specifically focused on providing agriculture education for middle and high school students.
  • Rural Youth Europe is a non-governmental organization for European youths to create awareness of rural environmental and agriculture issues, it was started in 1957 and the headquarters is in Helsinki, Finland. The group is active in 17 countries with over 500,000 participants.

Income

Farmed products might be sold either to a market, in a farmers’ market, or directly from a farm. In a subsistence economy, farm products might to some extent be either consumed by the farmer’s family or pooled by the community.

Occupational hazards

There are several occupational hazards for those in agriculture; farming is a particularly dangerous industry.[13] Farmers can encounter and be stung or bitten by dangerous insects and other arthropods, including scorpions, fire ants, bees, wasps and hornets.[14] Farmers also work around heavy machinery which can kill or injure them. Farmers can also establish muscle and joints pains from repeated work.[15]

Etymology

The word ‘farmer’ originally meant a person collecting taxes from tenants working a field owned by a landlord.[16][17] The word changed to refer to the person farming the field.
Previous names for a farmer were churl and husbandman.[18]

See also

  • Agrarian society
  • Agrarianism
  • Agriculture
  • Agribusiness
  • Agroecology
  • Bonde
  • Corporate farming
  • Family farm
  • Farmers’ market
  • Farmworker
  • Gardening
  • Gentleman farmer
  • Landed gentry
  • Organic farming
  • Pastoralism
  • Peasant
  • Sustainable agriculture

References

Notes
  1. ^ «General farm workers: Wages and Salaries in Alberta — alis». alis.alberta.ca. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  2. ^ Dyer 2007, p. 1: «The word ‘farmer’ was originally used to describe a tenant paying a leasehold rent (a farm), often for holding a lord’s manorial demesne. The use of the word was eventually extended to mean any tenant or owner of a large holding, though when Gregory King estimated that there were 150,000 farmers in the late seventeenth century he evidently defined them by their tenures, as freeholders were counted separately.»
  3. ^ «Operating model – ifad.org». www.ifad.org. Archived from the original on 2013-05-05. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  4. ^ HLPE, Committee on World Food Security ,Rome (June 2013). «Investing in smallholder agriculture» (PDF). fao.org. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  5. ^ «SOFA 2017 — The State of Food and Agriculture». www.fao.org. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  6. ^ By the sweat of thy brow: Work in the Western world, Melvin Kranzberg, Joseph Gies, Putnam, 1975
  7. ^ Nicholson (2000) p. 514
  8. ^ «Breeds of Livestock — Oklahoma State University». Ansi.okstate.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-12-24. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  9. ^ Kirschenmann 2000.
  10. ^ Oxford English Dictionary
  11. ^
    Bailey, Garrick; Peoples, James (11 January 2013). Essentials of Cultural Anthropology (3 ed.). Cengage Learning (published 2013). pp. 121–122. ISBN 9781133603566. Retrieved 2019-10-10. Peasants […] are looked down on by higher classes («he has a peasant mentality»).
  12. ^ «About the International Federation of Agricultural Producers». Archived from the original on August 7, 2008.
  13. ^ «Agricultural Safety». NIOSH. December 15, 2014. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007.
  14. ^ «Insects and Scorpions». NIOSH. February 24, 2012. Archived from the original on September 3, 2015.
  15. ^ Kumaraveloo, K Sakthiaseelan; Lunner Kolstrup, Christina (2018-07-03). «Agriculture and musculoskeletal disorders in low- and middle-income countries». Journal of Agromedicine. 23 (3): 227–248. doi:10.1080/1059924x.2018.1458671. ISSN 1059-924X. PMID 30047854. S2CID 51719997.
  16. ^ «Farmer | Definition of Farmer by Lexico». Lexico Dictionaries | English. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. A person to whom the collection of taxes was contracted for a fee
  17. ^ «The Lost Meanings of ‘Farm’ and ‘Farmer’«. www.merriam-webster.com. Merriam–Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage.
  18. ^ «farmer | Origin and meaning of farmer by Online Etymology Dictionary». www.etymonline.com.
Bibliography
  • Dyer, Christopher (2007). «A suffolk farmer in the fifteenth century». Agricultural History Review. 55 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 40276126.
  • Kirschenmann, Frederick (2000). «How many farmers will we need?» (PDF). Leopold Letter. 12 (4): 3–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-02.

External links

  •   Media related to Farmers at Wikimedia Commons
  •   The dictionary definition of farmer at Wiktionary
Источник

The definition of farmer is: “a person who cultivates land or crops or raises animals (such as livestock or fish).”[1] In use, however, the term isn’t that clear.

The most recent USDA numbers show more than half of today’s farmers have a primary occupation other than farming.[2] This means doing chores before work, then heading out to the barn and fields for long hours after work. Typically this isn’t by choice, but a necessity due to the financial burdens of buying land, covering health insurance, and acquiring necessary equipment. In our rural area, those who have a full-time occupation tend to describe themselves by their primary occupation with the tagline “and I farm.”

Women who farm are even less likely to call themselves farmers. An article in Ag Women’s Network quotes a number of women who put in long hours on the farm but don’t believe they qualify for the occupation. One of these women is Katie Keddy, who says, “Strangely enough I have felt judgment with some women using the word farmer to describe themselves or others as farmers. I have friends who if I called myself a farmer would snicker because I don’t do it full time, 24–7. But then others would refer to anyone with livestock and a garden as a farmer.” She goes on to say, “It’s funny when you really think it over how in agriculture, and as a woman in ag, one term can carry so much weight and definition to someone’s sense of self.”[3]

Why is it so hard to claim this term? There’s a lot of snark out there. In a post, titled “Yo, Farmer Dude,” Kentucky writer Katherine Dalton asserts that the term “farmer” shouldn’t be diluted by those whose gardens provide a large part of their diets or who plant edible landscapes or rely on urban farms.[4]

I understand what she’s saying. Words have power. Perhaps overusing the term “farmer” diminishes a status earned through grueling and often thankless labor. That term, however, hasn’t always been eagerly sought out. Other words associated with farmer include “hayseed,” “bumpkin,” “yokel,” “hick,” “peasant,” and “rube.” Quite a few of my elders were raised on farms but, once they found occupations in far-flung cities, never admitted their hardscrabble beginnings to their more sophisticated friends and neighbors. It was, to many previous generations, an embarrassment. The effort to gain social status meant getting as much distance as possible from dirt, manure, and sweat.

Shake anyone’s family tree and you’re likely to find farmers down most branches. Their farms often fed no more than their own families, but our farming ancestors were remarkably self-reliant in ways now lost to us. The average person possessed an extraordinary range of skills in order to keep tools and implements in good repair; livestock healthy and productive; family members clothed and cared for from birth to death; food planted, harvested, and stored. It’s more than a crying shame that the average person’s productivity would likely come to a sudden halt with the loss of electricity. Or the depletion of fossil fuel. Or a sudden drop in Wi-Fi connectivity.

These days people may claim to be farmers when they have backyard chickens or enough herbs planted to sell a few bunches. I say, OK! They are beginning to reclaim those lost skills on the land they have.[5] This is a vital step in the right direction.[6]

Yet many, like Dalton, insist the word “farming” must be predicated on skill, hard work, and truly putting one’s equity at risk. Dalton says the bar is held pretty high in farming communities, sharing a cogent example:

Years ago my friend “Dan,” who has farmed all his life, including running a dairy as a teenager and raising tobacco, took on a second job of selling real estate in order to bring in some extra income. Everybody knows what you’re doing in a small town, and it wasn’t long before some neighbor at the coffee shop twitted him about being a realtor and not a farmer anymore.

It was an unfair remark, but it showed how country people feel about anyone they can accuse of lack of seriousness. To call yourself a farmer without having earned the title is, in this small community at least (and I suspect in many others), not done…Rural people don’t appreciate the pretentions of those who want to wear the mantle of Berrylike back-to-the-landedness without sweating for it—physically and financially.[7]

Every farmer in my extended family either works outside the home full time, or has a spouse who does so. Farming is a risky business based on the whims of banking institutions, increasingly erratic weather, and highly volatile market conditions. Farming, particularly for the youngest generation, is often impossible to live on as a full-time occupation due to the price of land. This excerpt from Dalton’s post indicates, to me, the nonsense of predicating one’s identity on what the neighbors think. Besides, it’s dangerous to constrict our behavior based on what meets with approval in small towns.

Although words have power, they are diluted constantly. It would be great if significant words weren’t already used in ways that make a mockery of their meaning (diapers named Luv, cars named Soul, wars named Enduring Freedom). We live in a society where word associations are watered down to meaninglessness by marketers and PR spin. What words could I use to describe muffins I make by grinding grain, beating it into eggs from our chickens, milk from our cows, and herbs I dried myself? Terms like “fresh” or “homemade” are splattered across clamshell plastic containers of muffins recently unpacked at our grocery and left to defrost before being displayed.

I’m guessing professional golfers don’t look askance at weekend putters who call themselves golfers any more than the men and women who make their living as farmers really care much if homesteaders down the road or cousins in the city call themselves farmers, too.

I believe we can choose the words we use to define ourselves. Well, at least around people who don’t call us to account for how much risk and hard work we put into those self-definitions. Maybe that risk is more than financial. I have dear friends who devote their lives to perfecting a craft. They act, compose, weave, paint, weld, invent, write, sing, and throw pots. They are driven to continually refine what it means to create. Yet most of them spend their days at jobs that are unrelated in order to survive. They wait tables or work in accounts receivable. Their real gifts emerge during precious hours plucked from mundane obligations. It’s quite possible to attend a production at a local playhouse and see performances that shift the way you experience the world. You walk out a changed person for the extraordinary art you have enjoyed. Chances are that director, those actors, that playwright are unable to support themselves with their work, vital though it is. I hope they define themselves by their art more than they do by their day jobs. I feel the same way about those who farm, on whatever scale. They’re putting passion into action. 

People who farm, even if harvesting enough to feed only their families, are at the cutting edge of a new revolution. Daily experience helps them understand more directly the perfect intersection of water, soil, and sunlight necessary to create food. They’re more likely to support not only farmer’s markets but also candidates and policies that make sustainable agriculture more possible. They create wealth in deeper connections.[8] And many of them feed more people each year, just as small farms did for all the generations before us. That’s why I disagree with Dalton’s argument, “you will do more for American farming by patronizing your local farmers’ market regularly than by any personal effort at ‘urban farming.’”

Instead of quibbling over naming rights, let’s draw a wider circle, one that embraces community gardeners, backyard chicken raisers, hobby farmers, homesteaders, and conventional as well as organic farmers. They’re working the land they have, the best they know how. A wider circle acknowledges we’re making a better future, one passionate farmer at a time. In the twenty-first century, that’s the legacy we’ll keep cultivating wherever we grow.

[1] Farmer. (n.d.). In Merriam Webster. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/farmer.

[2] Farm Demographics [PDF]. (2014, May). USDA. 

[3] Craig, S. (2017, July 10). Leadership Industry Advancement Why don’t farming women call themselves farmers? [Web log post]. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from http://www.agwomensnetwork.com/single-post/2017/07/10/Why-don’t-farming-women-call-themselves-farmers

[4] Dalton, K. (2011, June 30). Yo! Farmer Dude! [Web log post]. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from http://www.frontporchrepublic.com/2011/06/yo-farmer-dude/

[5] Weldon, L. G. (2011, April 19). Neighborhood Cows and Pigs: Real Food Sovereignty [Web log post]. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from http://www.shareable.net/blog/neighborhood-cows-and-pigs-real-food-sovereignty

[6] As Sharon Astyk explains so cogently in Depletion and Abundance: Life on the New Home Front, there may be very little time to waste.

[7] Dalton, K. (2011, June 30). Yo! Farmer Dude! [Web log post]. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from http://www.frontporchrepublic.com/2011/06/yo-farmer-dude/

[8] Weldon, L. G. (2009, January 21). Wealth in Connections [Web log post]. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://bitofearthfarm.wordpress.com/2009/01/21/wealth-in-connections/

Image credits:

Photo courtesy of Laura Grace Weldon

Источник

1

: a person who pays a fixed sum for some privilege or source of income

2

: a person who cultivates land or crops or raises animals (such as livestock or fish)

Synonyms

Example Sentences



My uncle has been a farmer for 60 years.



a young farmer whose family has been growing wheat for many generations

Recent Examples on the Web

California farmers rely on the storms to counterbalance drought and replenish the state’s water supply.


—Cara Korte, CBS News, 8 Apr. 2023




More than 50 years ago, farmers uncovered an archaeological treasure trove at Bubon, a Roman site in southwestern Turkey.


—Teresa Nowakowski, Smithsonian Magazine, 7 Apr. 2023




Romanian and Bulgarian farmers have the same complaint.


—Monika Scislowska And Vanessa Gera, BostonGlobe.com, 6 Apr. 2023




In her speech, Tai noted the elimination of regulatory barriers last year that allowed U.S. farmers to export potatoes to Mexico, ongoing talks to form an Indo-Pacific Economic Framework that could possibly counter China in Asia, and the recent agreement on critical minerals with Japan.


—Paul Wiseman, Fortune, 6 Apr. 2023




To qualify, farmers must provide documentation of their business and attend a four-hour fire safety training that covers such topics as fire behavior and weather, avoiding entrapment and incident command.


—Deborah Sullivan Brennan, San Diego Union-Tribune, 6 Apr. 2023




Americans celebrate Easter with ham because back in the olden days, before refrigeration, farmers would set aside pork to cure throughout the winter.


—Kate Franke, Woman’s Day, 6 Apr. 2023




It was emptied out during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as farmers diverted the runoff.


—Kurtis Alexander, San Francisco Chronicle, 5 Apr. 2023




Dairy farmers say government policies and nutritional standards have demonized whole milk, and that stigma is hurting their livelihoods.


—Kim Severson, New York Times, 4 Apr. 2023


See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘farmer.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

First Known Use

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler

The first known use of farmer was
in the 14th century

Dictionary Entries Near farmer

Cite this Entry

“Farmer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/farmer. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.

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Источник
  • Afrikaans: boer (af)
  • Albanian: dardhan, arar (sq), bujk (sq)
  • Arabic: فَلَّاح‎ m (fallāḥ), فَلَّاحَة‎ f (fallāḥa); مُزَارِع‎ m (muzāriʕ), مُزَارِعَة‎ f (muzāriʕa)
    Egyptian Arabic: فلاح‎ m (fallāḥ), فلاحة‎ f (fallāḥa)
    Moroccan Arabic: فلاح‎ m (fallāḥ), فلاحة‎ f (fallāḥa)
  • Armenian: ֆերմեր (hy) (fermer)
  • Assamese: খেতিয়ক (khetik)
  • Asturian: granxeru m, granxera f
  • Azerbaijani: fermer (az), kəndli (az)
  • Bashkir: фермер (fermer)
  • Basque: nekazari (eu), baserritar (eu)
  • Belarusian: фе́рмер m (fjérmjer), селя́нін m (sjeljánin)
  • Bengali: কৃষক (bn) (kriśok)
  • Bikol Central: parauma (bcl)
  • Breton: merour (br), labourer-douar (br)
  • Bulgarian: фе́рмер m (férmer), земеде́лец m (zemedélec)
  • Burmese: လယ်သမား (my) (laisa.ma:), တောင်သူ (my) (taungsu)
  • Buryat: таряашан (tarjaašan)
  • Catalan: granger m
  • Cebuano: mag-uuma
  • Chamorro: lancheru
  • Chechen: ахархо (axarxo)
  • Cherokee: ᏗᎦᎶᎩᏍᎩ (digalogisgi)
  • Cheyenne: énano’éve’ho’e
  • Chichewa: mlimi
  • Chinese:
    Cantonese: 農夫／农夫 (nung4 fu1), 農民／农民 (nung4 man4)
    Mandarin: 農夫／农夫 (zh) (nóngfū), 農民／农民 (zh) (nóngmín)
    Min Nan: 農民／农民 (zh-min-nan) (lông-bîn), 作穡人／作穑人 (zh-min-nan) (chò-sit-lâng), 作田人 (zh-min-nan) (chó-chhân-lâng), 农夫 (long5-hu1)
  • Cornish: tyak m
  • Czech: rolník (cs) m, sedlák (cs) m, zemědělec (cs) m, farmář (cs) m
  • Danish: landmand (da) c, bonde (da) c
  • Dutch: boer (nl) m, boerin (nl) f, landbouwer (nl) m (crops), veehouder (nl) m (livestock)
  • Egyptian: (sḫtj)
  • Esperanto: farmisto
  • Estonian: talunik, farmer (et)
  • Ewe: agbledela n (crops), lãnyila n (livestock)
  • Faroese: bóndi m
  • Finnish: maanviljelijä (fi), viljelijä (fi), talonpoika (fi), farmari (fi), maajussi (fi), jyväjemmari (fi)
  • French: agriculteur (fr) m, fermier (fr) m (dated), agricultrice (fr) f, fermière (fr) f, cultivateur (fr) m, cultivatrice (fr) f
  • Galician: granxeiro (gl) m
  • Georgian: ფერმერი (permeri), მიწათმოქმედი (mic̣atmokmedi), მხვნელ- მთესველი (mxvnel- mtesveli)
  • German: Landwirt (de) m, Landwirtin (de) f; (crops) Bauer (de) m, Bäuerin (de) f; Farmer (de) m, Farmerin (de) f; (livestock, plants) Züchter (de) m, Züchterin (de) f, Landmann (de) m, Landfrau (de) f
    Alemannic German: Puur m
  • Greek: αγρότης (el) m (agrótis), γεωργός (el) m or f (georgós), κτηνοτρόφος (el) m (ktinotrófos), γεωργοκτηνοτρόφος (el) m or f (georgoktinotrófos), αγρότισσα (el) f (agrótissa)
    Ancient: γεωργός m (geōrgós)
  • Hebrew: אִכָּר / איכר‎ (he) m (ikár), אִכָּרָה / איכרה‎ f (ikará)
  • Hindi: किसान (hi) m (kisān)
  • Hungarian: (host/landowner) gazda (hu), (agriculturalist) mezőgazdász (hu), (smallholder) gazdálkodó (hu), (tiller/earthworker) földműves (hu), (land cultivator) földművelő (hu), (grower) termelő (hu), (peasant) paraszt (hu), (animal-raiser) állattenyésztő (hu), (plant-grower) növénytermesztő
  • Icelandic: bóndi (is) m
  • Indonesian: petani (id) (crops), peternak (id) (livestock)
  • Interlingua: fermero
  • Irish: feirmeoir (ga) m
  • Italian: agricoltore (it) m, fattore (it) m, contadino (it) m, contadina (it) f, agricoltrice f, fattoressa f
  • Japanese: 農夫 (ja) (のうふ, nōfu), 農家 (ja) (のうか, nōka)
  • Kalmyk: крестьянин (krestĭyanin), тәрә тәрәч (tärä täräch)
  • Kazakh: фермер (fermer), диқан (diqan), шаруа (kk) (şarua)
  • Khakas: кресен (kresen)
  • Khmer: អ្នកស្រែ (nĕək srae), អ្នកចំការ (nĕək cɑmkaa), កសិករ (km) (kaʼsekɑɑ)
  • Kikuyu: mũrĩmi class 1
  • Korean: 농부(農夫) (ko) (nongbu)
  • Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: جوتیار‎ (cutyar)
    Northern Kurdish: cotkar (ku) m, cotyar (ku) m
  • Kyrgyz: фермер (ky) (fermer), дыйкан (ky) (dıykan)
  • Lao: ຊາວນາ (sāo nā)
  • Latin: agricola (la) m
  • Latvian: saimnieks m, lauksaimnieks m
  • Lithuanian: ūkininkas m
  • Low German:
    Dutch Low Saxon: boer (nds) m
  • Macedonian: земјо́делец m (zemjódelec), полјо́делец m (poljódelec), фа́рмер m (fármer), чи́флигар m (čífligar)
  • Malay: petani, ڤکبون‎ (pekebun) (fruit, vegetable, etc, farm), ڤلادڠ‎ (peladang) (big scale), ڤنترنق‎ (penternak) (poultry, livestock, fish)
  • Malayalam: കൃഷിക്കാരൻ (kr̥ṣikkāraṉ), കർഷകൻ (kaṟṣakaṉ)
  • Maltese: bidwi m, bidwija f
  • Manchu: ᡠᠰᡳᠰᡳ (usisi), ᡠᠰᡳᠨ ᡳ
    ᠨᡳᠶ᠋ᠠᠯᠮᠠ     (usin-i niyalma)
  • Maori: kaipāmu, kaimahi pāmu
  • Marathi: शेतकरी m (śetakrī)
  • Mongolian: фермер (mn) (fermer), тариачин (mn) (tariačin)
    Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ
    ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ     (tariyalaŋ-un er’e)
  • Mòcheno: pauer m
  • Navajo: kʼééʼdidléhé
  • Ngazidja Comorian: mlimadji class 1/2
  • Norman: fèrmyi m
  • North Frisian: böre m
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: bonde (no) m, gårdbruker m, gardbruker m
    Nynorsk: bonde m, gardbrukar m
  • Ojibwe: (male) gitigewinini, (female) gitigewikwe
  • Old English: eorþling m, landbūend m, ġebūr m,, æcerċeorl m, æcermann m
  • Pashto: بزګر‎ m (bazgár), دهقان‎ m (dehqãn), کسان‎ m (kasãn)
  • Persian: کشاورز‎ (fa) (kešâvarz), دهقان‎ (fa) (dehqân)
  • Plautdietsch: Bua m, Akamaun m
  • Polish: rolnik (pl) m, rolniczka f, farmer (pl) m (colloquially), farmerka f (colloquially), włościanin m
  • Portuguese: agricultor (pt) m, fazendeiro (pt) m (Brazil), farmeiro m (Mozambique)
  • Romagnol: cuntadén m, cuntadéna f
  • Romanian: fermier (ro) m
  • Russian: крестья́нин (ru) m (krestʹjánin), фе́рмер (ru) m (férmer), земледе́лец (ru) m (zemledélec), дехка́нин (ru) m (dɛxkánin) (Central Asia or Iran)
  • Scots: fermer
  • Scottish Gaelic: tuathanach m
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: земљоделац m, земљо̀ра̄днӣк m
    Roman: zemljodelac (sh) m, zemljoradnik (sh) m
  • Sinhalese: ගමරාළ (gamarāḷa)
  • Slovak: roľník, sedliak, poľnohospodár, farmár (sk) m
  • Slovene: kmet (sl) m, kmetica f
  • Sotho: molemi
  • Southern Altai: фермер (fermer)
  • Spanish: granjero (es) m, granjera (es) f
  • Swahili: mkulima (sw) class 1/2
  • Swedish: bonde (sv) c
  • Tagalog: magsasaka
  • Tajik: кишоварз (tg) (kišovarz), деҳқон (tg) (dehqon)
  • Tatar: фермер (fermer), игенче (tt) (igençe)
  • Telugu: కర్షకుడు (te) (karṣakuḍu), రైతు (te) (raitu)
  • Thai: กสิกร (th) (gà-sì-gɔɔn), เกษตรกร (th) (gà-sèet-dtrà-gɔɔn), ชาวนา (th) (chaao-naa), ชาวไร่ (chaao-râi), ชาวสวน (chaao-sǔuan)
  • Tibetan: ཞིང་པ (zhing pa)
  • Turkish: ziraatçı (tr), çiftçi (tr), ekinci (tr) (dialectal)
  • Turkmen: daýhan
  • Tuvan: тараачын (taraaçın), чер ажылдыг кижи (çer ajıldıg kiji)
  • Ukrainian: фе́рмер m (férmer), селя́нин (uk) m (seljányn), землеро́б m (zemlerób)
  • Urdu: کسان‎ m (kisān), دہقان‎ m (dihqān)
  • Uyghur: دېھقان‎ (dëhqan)
  • Uzbek: fermer (uz), dehqon (uz)
  • Vietnamese: nông dân (vi)
  • Volapük: (♂♀) farman (vo), (♂) hifarman, (♀) jifarman
  • Walloon: cinsî (wa) m, cinsresse (wa) f
  • Welsh: amaethwr (cy) m, ffermwr (cy) m, hwsmon m
  • Yakut: бааһынай (baahınay), фермер (fermer), сир оҥорооччу (sir oñorooccu)
  • Yiddish: פֿאַרמער‎ m (farmer), פֿאַרמערין‎ f (farmerin); ערדאַרבעטער‎ m (erdarbeter); פּויער‎ m (poyer)
  • Zazaki: resber
  • Zhuang: nungzminz, vunzguhnaz, bouxguhnaz
Источник

Other forms: farmers

A farmer is a person who runs and works on a farm. Some farmers raise a variety of food crops, while others keep dairy cows and sell their milk.

Farmers work in some aspect of agriculture, growing vegetables, grains, or fruit; or raising animals for milk, eggs, or meat. A small farmer manages a relatively small piece of land, often growing different crops and keeping hens for their eggs, for example. Some farmers own their farms, while others rent the land on which they work. In the 14th century, a farmer was «one who collects taxes,» from the Old French fermier, «lease holder.»

Definitions of farmer

  1. noun

    a person who operates a farm

    synonyms:

    granger, husbandman, sodbuster

    see moresee less

    types:

    show 20 types…
    hide 20 types…
    contadino

    an Italian farmer

    agriculturalist, agriculturist, cultivator, grower, raiser

    someone concerned with the science or art or business of cultivating the soil

    apiarist, apiculturist, beekeeper

    a farmer who keeps bees for their honey

    dairy farmer, dairyman

    the owner or manager of a dairy

    arboriculturist, forester, tree farmer

    someone trained in forestry

    plantation owner, planter

    the owner or manager of a plantation

    rancher

    a person who owns or operates a ranch

    smallholder

    a person owning or renting a smallholding

    small farmer

    a farmer on a small farm

    sower

    someone who sows

    stock farmer, stock raiser, stockman

    farmer who breed or raises livestock

    tenant farmer

    a farmer who works land owned by someone else

    tiller

    someone who tills land (prepares the soil for the planting of crops)

    breeder, stock breeder

    a person who breeds animals

    beef man, cattleman, cow man

    a man who raises (or tends) cattle

    crofter

    an owner or tenant of a small farm in Great Britain

    fruit grower

    someone who grows fruit commercially

    grazier

    a rancher who grazes cattle or sheep for market

    sheepman

    a man who raises (or tends) sheep

    viticulturist

    a cultivator of grape vine

    type of:

    creator

    a person who grows or makes or invents things

DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘farmer’.
Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Vocabulary.com or its editors.
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